Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Impact on Prostate Cancer Risk

Current Nutrition Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 34-40

  Hopkins, Mandi M ^a   Meier, Kathryn E ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ALA; DHA; Diet; EPA; Omega 3 fatty acid; Prostate cancer

Indexed keywords

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FISH OIL; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER RISK; DIET; FATTY ACID BLOOD LEVEL; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; LINSEED; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WESTERN DIET;

EID: 85057636883     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21613311     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0150-1     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61:69–90.
2. Gerber M. Omega-3 fatty acids and cancers: a systematic update review of epidemiological studies. Br J Nutr Suppl. 2012;2:S228–239.
3. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65:87–108.
4. Nithipatikom K, Campbell WB. Roles of eicosanoids in prostate cancer. Futur Lipidol. 2008;3(4):453–67.
5. Gu Z, Suburu J, Chen H, Chen YQ. Mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prostate cancer prevention. Biomed Res Int. 2013;824563:1–10.
6. Masko EM, Allott EH, Freedland SJ. The relationship between nutrition and prostate cancer: is more always better? Eur Urol. 2013;63(5):810–20.
7. Meng H, Shen Y, Shen J, Zhou F, Shen S, Das UN. Effect of n-3 and n-6 unsaturated fatty acids on prostate cancer (PC-3) and prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells in vitro. Lipids Health Dis. 2013;12:160–74.
8. Bishop KS, Erdrich S, Karunasinghe N, Han DY, Zhu S, Jesuthasan A, et al. An investigation into the association between DNA damage and dietary fatty acid in men with prostate cancer. Nutrients. 2015;7:405–22.
9. Park J-M, Kwon S-H, Han Y-M, Hahm K-B, Kim E-H. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as potential chemopreventive agent for gastrointestinal cancer. J Cancer Prev. 2013;18(3):1–8.
10. DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Chatterjee S, Lavie CJ, O’Keefe JH (2014) A higher dietary ratio of long-chain omega-3 to total omega-6 fatty acids for prevention of COX-2-dependent adenocarcinomas. Nutr & Cancer 0(0): 1–6
11. Fabian CJ and Kimler BF (2013) Marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids: fishing for clues for cancer prevention. ASCO 2013 Educational Book: 97–101.
12. Kang JX, Liu A. The role of the tissue omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in regulating tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2013;32:201–10.
13. Nabavi SF, Bilotto S, Russo GL, Orhan IE, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer: lessons learned from clinical trials. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2015;34:359–80. This review is particularly comprehensive and provides an excellent overview of n-3 FAs in general, as well as their relationship to various cancers and diseases.
14. Chung BH, Mitchell SH, Zhang J-S, Young CYF. Effects of DHA and EPA on androgen-mediated cell growth and gene expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2001;22(8):1201–6.
15. Wang S, Wu J, Suburu J, Gu Z, Cai J, Axanova LS, et al. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated FAs on castration-resistant Pten-null prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2012;33(2):404–12.
16. Hughes-Fulford M, Chen Y, Tjandrawinata RR. Fatty acid regulates gene expression and growth of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Carcinogenesis. 2001;22(5):701–7.
17. Brown MD, Hart CA, Gazi E, Bagley S, Clarke NW. Promotion of prostatic metastatic migration towards human bone marrow stoma by omega 6 and its inhibition by omega 3 PUFAs. Br J Cancer. 2006;94:842–53.
18. Lu Y, Nie D, Witt WT, Chen Q, Shen M, Xie H, et al. Expression of the fat-1 gene diminishes prostate cancer growth in vivo through enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting GSK-3 β phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:3203–11.
19. Edwards IJ, O’Flaherty JT. Omega-3 fatty acids and PPARγ in cancer. PPAR Res. 2008;358052:1–14.
20. Kalish BT, Fallon EM, Puder M. A tutorial on fatty acid biology. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2012;36:380–90.
21. Rose DP, Connolly JM. Omega-3 fatty acids as cancer chemopreventive agents. Pharmacol Ther. 1999;83:217–44.
22. Comba A, Lin Y-H, Eynard AR, Valentich MA, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Pasqualini ME. Basic aspects of tumor cell fatty acid-regulated signaling and transcription factors. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2011;30(3–4):325–42.
23. Norris PC, Dennis EA. Omega-3 fatty acids cause dramatic changes in TLR4 and purinergic eicosanoid signaling. PNAS. 2012;109(22):8517–22.
24. Bell GA, Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Kristal AR, Heckbert SR, White E. Intake of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids from diet and supplements in relation to mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(6):710–21.
25. Patel D, Thevenet-Morrison K, van Wijngaarden E (2014) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake through fish consumption and prostate specific antigen level: results from the 2003 to 2010 national health and examination survey. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Essent Fatty Acids, 1–6
26. Zhang MJ, Spite M. Resolvins: anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediators derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Annu Rev Nutr. 2012;32:203–27.
27. Liu Z, Hopkins MM, Zhang Z, Quisenberry CB, Fix LC, Galvan BM, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and other FFA4 agonists inhibit growth factor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;352:1–15. This paper provides evidence of a novel receptor-mediated mechanism of action for n-3 FAs in prostate cancer cells. The doses of n-3 FA used are lower than those used in many other cell culture studies.
28. Al-Zaubai N, Johnstone CN, Leong MM, Li J, Rizzacasa M, Stewart AG. Resolvin D2 supports MCF-7 cell proliferation via activation of estrogen receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014;351:172–80.
29. Gu Z, Wu J, Wang S, Suburu J, Chen H, Thomas MJ, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the localization and signaling of PIP3/Akt in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2013;34:1968–75.
30. Shin S, Jing K, Jeong S, Kim N, Song K-S, Heo J-Y, Park J-H, Seo K-S, Han J, Park J-I, Kweon G-R, Park S-K, Wu T, Hwang B-D, Lim K (2013) The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA induces simultaneous apoptosis and autophagy via mitochondrial ROS-mediated Akt-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer cells expressing mutant p53. BioMed Research International 2013: 1–11. This paper provides evidence for a cellular mechanism of action of n-3 FAs in prostate cancer.
31. Li C-C, Hou Y-C, Yeh C-L, Yeh S-L. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion induced by tumor-associated macrophages. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e99630. This paper provides evidence for a cellular mechanism of action of n-3 FAs in prostate cancer.
32. Wang X, Breeze A, Kulka M. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit IFN-γ-induced IL-18 binding protein production by prostate cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2015;64:249–58. This paper provides evidence for a cellular mechanism of action of n-3 FAs in prostate cancer.
33. Eser PO, Vanden Heuvel JP, Araujo J, Thompson JT. Marine-and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Mol Clin Oncol. 2013;1:444–52.
34. Lupton JR and Chapkin RS (2004) Chemoprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Cancer Chemoprevention: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, pp 591–608
35. Arterburn LM, Hall EB, Oken H. Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1467S–76S.
36. Davidson MH. Omega-3 fatty acids: new insights into the pharmacology and biology of docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013;24:467–74.
37. Connolly JM, Coleman M, Rose DP. Effects of dietary fatty acids on DU145 human prostate cancer cell growth in athymic nude mice. Nutr Cancer. 1997;29(2):114–9.
38. 2. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(15):4662–70.
39. Akinsete JA, Ion G, Witte TR, Hardman WE. Consumption of high n-3 FA diet suppressed prostate tumorigenesis in C3(1) Tag mice. Carcinogenesis. 2012;33(1):140–8.
40. Augustsson K, Michaud DS, Rimm EB, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:64–7.
41. Fu Y-Q, Zheng J-S, Yang B, Li D. Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiology. 2015;25(4):261–74. This is a very thorough meta-analysis of the relationship between n-3 FAs and prostate cancer.
42. Demark-Wahnefried W, Price DT, Polascik TJ, Robertson CN, Anderson EE, Paulson DF, et al. Pilot study of dietary fat restriction and flaxseed supplementation in men with prostate cancer before surgery: exploring the effects on hormonal levels, prostate-specific antigen, and histopathologic features. Urology. 2001;58(1):47–52.
43. Chavarro JE, Stampfer MJ, Li H, Campos H, Kurth T, Ma J. A prospective study of polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in blood and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:1364–70.
44. Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:2559–66.
45. Aronson WJ, Kobayashi N, Barnard RJ, Henning S, Jardack PM, Liu B, et al. Phase II prospective randomized trial of a low-fat diet with fish oil supplementation in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Cancer Prev Res. 2011;4(12):2062–71.
46. Moreel X, Allaire J, Leger C, Caron A, Labonte M-E, Lamarche B, et al. Prostatic and dietary omega-3 fatty acids and prostate cancer progression during active surveillance. Cancer Prev Res. 2014;7(7):766–76.
47. Brasky TM, Darke AK, Song X, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, et al. Plasma phospholipids FAs and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:1132–41.
48. Hoffman R and Glew R (2013) Omega-3 fatty acids and prostate cancer: study and stories off-base. Health Care Journalism
49. Chua ME, Sio MCD, Sorongon MC, Morales Jr ML. The relevance of serum levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2013;7(5–6):e333–43.
50. Sorongon-Legaspi MK, Chua M, Sio MC, Morales Jr M. Blood level omega-3 fatty acids as risk determinant molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer. 2013;2013:1–15.
51. Wallstrom P, Bjartell A, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Wirfalt E. A prospective study on dietary fat and incidence of prostate cancer (Malmo, Sweden). Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18:1107–21.
52. Shannon J, O’Malley J, Mori M, Garzotto M, Palma AJ, King IB. Erythrocyte fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a comparison of methods. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids. 2010;83:161–9.
53. Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Klaasen VM, Smit LA, Giltay EJ, de Goede J, et al. Effect of alpha linolenic acid supplementation on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA): results from the alpha omega trial. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12), e81519.
54. MacLean CH, Newberry SJ, Mojica WA, Khanna P, Issa AM, Suttorp MJ, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;295:403–15.
55. Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Travis RC, Barnett M, Brasky TM, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, et al. Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(9):dju240.
56. Alexander DD, Bassett JK, Weed DL, Barrett EC, Watson H, Harris W. Meta-analysis of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFA) and prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(4):543–54. This is an especially meticulous meta-analysis pf n-3 FAs and human prostate cancer with good parameters and discussion.
57. Lovegrove C, Ahmed K, Challavombe B, Khan MS, Popert R, Dasgupta P. Systematic review of prostate cancer risk and association with consumption of fish and fish-oils: analysis of 495,321 participants. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(1):87–105.
58. Mathias RA, Pani V, Chilton FH. Genetic variants in the FADS gene: implications for dietary recommendations for fatty acid intake. Curr Nutr Rep. 2014;3(2):139–48.
59. Hester AG, Murphy RC, Uhlson CJ, Ivester P, Lee TC, Sergeant S, et al. Relationship between a common variant in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) cluster and eicosanoid generation in humans. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(32):22482–9.
60. Chilton FH, Murphy RC, Wilson BA, Sergeant S, Ainsworth H, Seeds MC, et al. Diet-gene interactions and PUFA metabolism: a potential contributor to health disparities and human diseases. Nutrients. 2014;6:1993–2022.
61. Daaka Y. Mitogenic action of LPA in prostate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1582:265–9.
62. Zhang P, He X, Tan J, Zhou X, Zou L. β-Arrestin2 mediates β-2 adrenergic receptor signaling inducing prostate cancer cell progression. Oncol Rep. 2011;26:1471–7.