Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cardiovascular Diseases

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Health and Disease: Sculpting the Human Body

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 187-225

  Lindsey, Merry L ^a   Libby, Peter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85052488134     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1142/9789813207554_0008     Document Type: Chapter

References (157)

1. Liu, P, M Sun and S Sader (2006). Matrix metalloproteinases in cardiovascular disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 22(Suppl. B), 25B-30B.
2. Libby, P, RE Gerszten and PM Ridker (2014). Biomarkers, proteomics, metabolomics, and personalized medicine. In Heart Disease, 10th Ed., D Mann et al. (eds.). Elsevier: Philadelphia.
3. Mohanta, SK, C Yin, L Peng, P Srikakulapu, V Bontha, D Hu, F Weih, C Weber, N Gerdes and AJ Habenicht (2014). Artery tertiary lymphoid organs contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses in advanced mouse atherosclerosis. Circulation Research, 114, 1772-1787.
4. Galis, Z, M Muszynski, G Sukhova, E Simon-Morrisey, E Unemori, M Lark, E Amento and P Libby (1994). Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix digestion. Circulation Research, 75, 181-189.
5. Alexander, MR, CW Moehle, JL Johnson, Z Yang, JK Lee, CL Jackson and GK Owens (2012). Genetic inactivation of IL-1 signaling enhances atherosclerotic plaque instability and reduces outward vessel remodeling in advanced atherosclerosis in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122, 70-79.
6. Beltrami-Moreira, M, A Vromman, GK Sukhova, EJ Folco and P Libby (2016). Redundancy of IL-1 isoform signaling and its implications for arterial remodeling. PLoS ONE, 11, e0152474.
7. Yla-Herttuala, S, JF Bentzon, M Daemen, E Falk, HM Garcia-Garcia, J Herrmann, I Hoefer, S Jauhiainen, JW Jukema, R Krams, BR Kwak, N Marx, M Naruszewicz, A Newby, G Pasterkamp, PW Serruys, J Waltenberger, C Weber, L Tokgozoglu, ESC Working Group of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology (2013). Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: an update. European Heart Journal, 34, 3251-3258.
8. Libby, P (2013a). Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 2004-2013.
9. Newby, AC (2014). Proteinases and plaque rupture: unblocking the road to translation. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 25, 358-366.
10. Dollery, CM and P Libby (2006). Atherosclerosis and proteinase activation. Cardiovascular Research, 69, 625-635.
11. Lemaitre, V, TK O’Byrne, AC Borczuk, Y Okada, AR Tall and J D’Armiento (2001). ApoE knockout mice expressing human matrix metalloproteinase-1 in macrophages have less advanced atherosclerosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107, 1227-1234.
12. Schonbeck, U, F Mach and P Libby (1998). Generation of biologically active IL-1 beta by matrix metalloproteinases: a novel caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-1 beta processing. Journal of Immunology, 161, 3340-3346.
13. Libby, P and U Schonbeck (2001). Drilling for oxygen: angiogenesis involves proteolysis of the extracellular matrix. Circulation Research, 89, 195-197.
14. Rajagopalan, S, XP Meng, S Ramasamy, DG Harrison and ZS Galis (1996). Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 98, 2572-2579.
15. Libby, P (2013b). Collagenases and cracks in the plaque. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123, 3201-3203.
16. Sukhova, GK, U Schonbeck, E Rabkin, FJ Schoen, AR Poole, RC Billinghurst and P Libby (1999). Evidence for increased collagenolysis by interstitial collagenases-1 and -3 in vulnerable human atheromatous plaques. Circulation, 99, 2503-2509.
17. Galis, Z, G Sukhova, R Kranzhöfer, S Clark and P Libby (1995). Macrophage foam cells from experimental atheroma constitutively produce matrix-degrading proteinases. Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences USA, 92, 402-406.
18. Chatzizisis, YS, AB Baker, GK Sukhova, KC Koskinas, R Beigel, M Jonas, AU Coskun, BV Stone, C Maynard, GP Shi, P Libby, CL Feldman, ER Edelman and PH Stone (2011). Augmented expression and activity of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes in regions of low endothelial shear stress co-localize with coronary atheromata with thin fibrous caps in pigs. Circulation, 123, 621-630.
19. Koskinas, KC, GK Sukhova, AB Baker, MI Papafaklis, YS Chatzizisis, AU Coskun, T Quillard, M Jonas, C Maynard, AP Antoniadis, GP Shi, P Libby, ER Edelman, CL Feldman and PH Stone (2013). Thin-capped atheromata with reduced collagen content in pigs develop in coronary arterial regions exposed to persistently low endothelial shear stress. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 33, 1494-1504.
20. Deguchi, JO, E Aikawa, P Libby, JR Vachon, M Inada, SM Krane, P Whittaker and M Aikawa (2005). Matrix metalloproteinase-13/ collagenase-3 deletion promotes collagen accumulation and organization in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation, 112, 2708-2715.
21. Quillard, T, Y Tesmenitsky, K Croce, R Travers, E Shvartz, KC Koskinas, G Sukhova, E Aikawa, M Aikawa and P Libby (2011). Selective inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) increases collagen content of established mouse atheromata. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 31, 2464-2472.
22. Quillard, T, HA Araujo, G Franck, Y Tesmenitsky and P Libby (2014). Matrix metalloproteinase-13 predominates over matrix metalloproteinase-8 as the functional interstitial collagenase in mouse atheromata. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 34, 1179-1186.
23. Fukumoto, Y, JO Deguchi, P Libby, E Rabkin-Aikawa, Y Sakata, MT Chin, CC Hill, PR Lawler, N Varo, FJ Schoen, SM Krane and M Aikawa (2004). Genetically determined resistance to collagenase action augments interstitial collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation, 110, 1953-1959.
24. Schneider, F, GK Sukhova, J Aikawa, J Canner, N Gerdes, S-MT Tang, G-P Shi, SS Apte and P Libby (2008). Matrix metalloproteinase-14 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells promotes collagen accumulation in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation, 117, 931-939.
25. Aikawa, M, E Rabkin, Y Okada, SJ Voglic, SK Clinton, CE Brinckerhoff, GK Sukhova and P Libby (1998). Lipid lowering by diet reduces matrix metalloproteinase activity and increases collagen content of rabbit atheroma: a potential mechanism of lesion stabilization. Circulation, 97, 2433-2444.
26. Aikawa, M, E Rabkin, S Sugiyama, SJ Voglic, Y Fukumoto, Y Furukawa, M Shiomi, FJ Schoen and P Libby (2001). An HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation, 103, 276-283.
27. Crisby, M, G Nordin-Fredriksson, PK Shah, J Yano, J Zhu and J Nilsson (2001). Pravastatin treatment increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases, and cell death in human carotid plaques: implications for plaque stabilization. Circulation, 103, 926-33.
28. Bentzon, JF, F Otsuka, R Virmani and E Falk (2014). Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circulation Research, 114, 1852-1866.
29. Libby, P and G Pasterkamp (2015). Requiem for the ‘vulnerable plaque’. European Heart Journal, 36(43), 2984-2987.
30. Libby, P, P Ganz, FJ Schoen and RT Lee (2000). The vascular biology of the acute coronary syndromes. In Acute Coronary Syndromes, 2nd Ed., EJ Topol (ed.), pp. 33-57. New York: Marcel Dekker.
31. Arbustini, E, B Dal Bello, P Morbini, AP Burke, M Bocciarelli, G Specchia and R Virmani (1999). Plaque erosion is a major substrate for coronary thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction. Heart, 82, 269-272.
32. Rajavashisth, TB, JK Liao, ZS Galis, S Tripathi, U Laufs, J Tripathi, NN Chai, XP Xu, S Jovinge, PK Shah and P Libby (1999). Inflammatory cytokines and oxidized low density lipoproteins increase endothelial cell expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 11924-11929.
33. Turner, AW, M Nikpay, A Silva, P Lau, A Martinuk, TA Linseman, S Soubeyrand and R McPherson (2015). Functional interaction between COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 risk loci for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 242, 543-552.
34. Tamarina, NA, WD McMillan, VP Shively and WH Pearce (1997). Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in aneurysms and normal aorta. Surgery, 122, 264-271; discussion 271-272.
35. Knox, JB, GK Sukhova, AD Whittemore and P Libby (1997). Evidence for altered balance between matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human aortic diseases. Circulation, 94, 205-212.
36. Wassef, M, BT Baxter, RL Chisholm, RL Dalman, MF Fillinger, J Heinecke, JD Humphrey, H Kuivaniemi, WC Parks, WH Pearce, CD Platsoucas, GK Sukhova, RW Thompson, MD Tilson and CK Zarins (2001). Pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a multidisciplinary research program supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 34, 730-738.
37. Thompson, RW and BT Baxter (1999). MMP inhibition in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Rationale for a prospective randomized clinical trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 878, 159-178.
38. Loeys, BL, U Schwarze, T Holm, BL Callewaert, GH Thomas, H Pannu, JF De Backer, GL Oswald, S Symoens, S Manouvrier, AE Roberts, F Faravelli, MA Greco, RE Pyeritz, DM Milewicz, PJ Coucke, DE Cameron, AC Braverman, PH Byers, AM De Paepe and HC Dietz (2006). Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 788-798.
39. Libby, P (2015). Murine “model” monotheism: an iconoclast at the altar of mouse. Circulation Research, 117, 921-925.
40. Daugherty, A and LA Cassis (2002). Mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 4, 222-227.
41. Davis, FM, DL Rateri and A Daugherty (2014). Mechanisms of aortic aneurysm formation: translating preclinical studies into clinical therapies. Heart, 100, 1498-1505.
42. Davis, FM, DL Rateri and A Daugherty (2015). Abdominal aortic aneurysm: novel mechanisms and therapies. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 30, 566-573.
43. Golledge, J, J Muller, A Daugherty and P Norman (2006). Abdominal aortic aneurysm: pathogenesis and implications for management. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 26, 2605-2613.
44. Shimizu, K, RN Mitchell and P Libby (2006). Inflammation and cellular immune responses in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 26, 987-994.
45. Shimizu, K, M Shichiri, P Libby, RT Lee and RN Mitchell (2004). Th2-predominant inflammation and blockade of IFN-gamma signaling induce aneurysms in allografted aortas. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114, 300-308.
46. Schonbeck, U, GK Sukhova, N Gerdes and P Libby (2002). T(H)2 predominant immune responses prevail in human abdominal aortic aneurysm. American Journal of Pathology, 161, 499-506.
47. Shimizu, K, P Libby and RN Mitchell (2005). Local cytokine environments drive aneurysm formation in allografted aortas. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 15, 142-148.
48. Sun, J, GK Sukhova, J Zhang, H Chen, S Sjöberg, P Libby, M Xia, N Xiong, BD Gelb and G-P Shi (2012). Cathepsin K deficiency reduces elastase perfusion-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 32, 15-23.
49. Sun, J, GK Sukhova, J Zhang, H Chen, S Sjöberg, P Libby, M Xiang, J Wang, C Peters, T Reinheckel and G-P Shi (2011). Cathepsin L activity is essential to elastase perfusion-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 31, 2500-2508.
50. Zhang, J, J Sun, JS Lindholt, GK Sukhova, M Sinnamon, RL Stevens, R Adachi, P Libby, RW Thompson and G-P Shi (2011). Mast cell tryptase deficiency attenuates mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Circulation Research, 108, 1316-1327.
51. Opie, LH, PJ Commerford, BJ Gersh and MA Pfeffer (2006). Controversies in ventricular remodelling. Lancet, 367, 356-367.
52. Libby, P, M Nahrendorf and FK Swirski (2016). Leukocytes link local and systemic inflammation in ischemic cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67, 1091-1103.
53. Lindsey, ML and R Zamilpa (2012). Temporal and spatial expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases following myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Therapy, 30, 31-41.
54. De Jesus, NM, L Wang, AW Herren, J Wang, F Shenasa, DM Bers, ML Lindsey and CM Ripplinger (2015). Atherosclerosis exacerbates arrhythmia following myocardial infarction: role of myocardial inflammation. Heart Rhythm: The Official Journal of the Heart Rhythm Society, 12, 169-178.
55. Chiao, YA, R Zamilpa, EF Lopez, Q Dai, GP Escobar, KW Hakala, ST Weintraub and ML Lindsey (2010). In vivo matrix metalloproteinase-7 substrates identified in the left ventricle post-Myocardial infarction using proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research, 9, 2649-2657.
56. Lindsey, ML, FA Zouein, Y Tian, R Padmanabhan Iyer and LE de Castro Bras (2015). Osteopontin is proteolytically processed by matrix metalloproteinase 9. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 93, 879-886.
57. Gu, Z, J Cui, S Brown, R Fridman, S Mobashery, AY Strongin and SA Lipton (2005). A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 6401-6408.
58. Zamilpa, R, EF Lopez, YA Chiao, Q Dai, GP Escobar, K Hakala, ST Weintraub and ML Lindsey (2010). Proteomic analysis identifies in vivo candidate matrix metalloproteinase-9 substrates in the left ventricle post-myocardial infarction. Proteomics, 10, 2214-2223.
59. Ma, Y, GV Halade, J Zhang, TA Ramirez, D Levin, A Voorhees, YF Jin, HC Han, AM Manicone and ML Lindsey (2013). Matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and rupture after myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting m2 macrophage activation. Circulation Research, 112, 675-688.
60. Iyer, RP, NL Patterson, FA Zouein, Y Ma, V Dive, LE de Castro Bras and ML Lindsey (2015). Early matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibition worsens post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction by delaying inflammation resolution. International Journal of Cardiology, 185, 198-208.
61. Ma, Y, A Yabluchanskiy and ML Lindsey (2013). Neutrophil roles in left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair, 6, 11.
62. Lambert, JM, EF Lopez and ML Lindsey (2008). Macrophage roles following myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology, 130, 147-158.
63. Ma, Y, YA Chiao, J Zhang, AM Manicone, YF Jin and ML Lindsey (2012). Matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion amplifies inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses to cardiac aging. Microscopy and Microanalysis: The Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, 18, 81-90.
64. Porter, KE and NA Turner (2009). Cardiac fibroblasts: at the heart of myocardial remodeling. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 123, 255-278.
65. Hughes, BG, X Fan, WJ Cho and R Schulz (2014). MMP-2 is localized to the mitochondria-associated membrane of the heart. American Journal of Physiology Heart Circulatory Physiology, 306, H764- H770.
66. Ali, MA and R Schulz (2009). Activation of MMP-2 as a key event in oxidative stress injury to the heart. Frontiers in Bioscience, 14, 699-716.
67. Matsumura, S-i, S Iwanaga, S Mochizuki, H Okamoto, S Ogawa and Y Okada (2005). Targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of MMP-2 prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115, 599-609.
68. Lovett, DH, R Mahimkar, RL Raffai, L Cape, BQ Zhu, ZQ Jin, AJ Baker and JS Karliner (2013). N-terminal truncated intracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and systolic heart failure. PLoS One, 8, e68154.
69. Turner, NA, A Das, P Warburton, DJ O’Regan, SG Ball and KE Porter (2009). Interleukin-1alpha stimulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human cardiac myofibroblasts. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297, H1117-H1127.
70. van Nieuwenhoven, FA, KE Hemmings, KE Porter and NA Turner (2013). Combined effects of interleukin-1alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1 on modulation of human cardiac fibroblast function. Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology, 32(7-8), 399-406.
71. Lovelock, JD, AH Baker, F Gao, JF Dong, AL Bergeron, W McPheat, N Sivasubramanian and DL Mann (2005). Heterogeneous effects of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases on cardiac fibroblasts. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 288, H461-H468.
72. Sun, M, MA Opavsky, DJ Stewart, M Rabinovitch, F Dawood, W-H Wen and PP Liu (2003). Temporal response and localization of integrins {beta}1 and {beta}3 in the heart after myocardial infarction: regulation by cytokines. Circulation, 107, 1046-1052.
73. Starr, AE, A Dufour, J Maier and CM Overall (2012). Biochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase activation of chemokines CCL15 and CCL23 and increased glycosaminoglycan binding of CCL16. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 5848-5860.
74. Van Den Steen, PE, A Wuyts, SJ Husson, P Proost, J Van Damme and G Opdenakker (2003). Gelatinase B/MMP-9 and neutrophil collagenase/ MMP-8 process the chemokines human GCP-2/CXCL6, ENA-78/ CXCL5 and mouse GCP-2/LIX and modulate their physiological activities. European Journal of Biochemistry, 270, 3739-3749.
75. Ramirez, TA, RP Iyer, O Ghasemi, EF Lopez, DB Levin, J Zhang, R Zamilpa, YM Chou, YF Jin and ML Lindsey (2014). Aliskiren and valsartan mediate left ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction in mice through MMP-9 effects. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 72, 326-335.
76. Yabluchanskiy, A, Y Ma, RP Iyer, ME Hall and ML Lindsey (2013). Matrix metalloproteinase-9: many shades of function in cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda), 28, 391-403.
77. Lindsey, M, K Wedin, MD Brown, C Keller, AJ Evans, J Smolen, AR Burns, RD Rossen, L Michael and M Entman (2001). Matrixdependent mechanism of neutrophil-mediated release and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Circulation, 103, 2181-2187.
78. Lindsey, ML, GP Escobar, LW Dobrucki, DK Goshorn, S Bouges, JT Mingoia, DM McClister Jr, H Su, J Gannon, C MacGillivray, RT Lee, AJ Sinusas and FG Spinale (2006). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene deletion facilitates angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 290, H232-H239.
79. Zamilpa, R, JN Ibarra, LE de Castro Bras, TA Ramirez, N Nguyen, GV Halade, J Zhang, Q Dai, T Dayah, YA Chiao, W Lowell, SS Ahuja, J D’Armiento, YF Jin and ML Lindsey (2012). Transgenic overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in macrophages attenuates the inflammatory response and improves left ventricular function post-myocardial infarction. Journal of Molecular Cell Cardiology, 53, 599-608.
80. Tian, H, M Cimini, PW Fedak, S Altamentova, S Fazel, ML Huang, RD Weisel and RK Li (2007). TIMP-3 deficiency accelerates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Journal of Molecular Cell Cardiology, 43, 733-743.
81. Tian, H, ML Huang, KY Liu, ZB Jia, L Sun, SL Jiang, W Liu, HY Kinkaid, J Wu and RK Li (2011). Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase by cell-based TIMP-3 gene transfer effectively treats acute and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cell Transplantation, 21, 1039-1053.
82. Polyakova, V, I Loeffler, S Hein, S Miyagawa, I Piotrowska, S Dammer, J Risteli, J Schaper and S Kostin (2011). Fibrosis in endstage human heart failure: severe changes in collagen metabolism and MMP/TIMP profiles. International Journal of Cardiology, 151, 18-33.
83. Yang, DC, ST Ma, Y Tan, YH Chen, D Li, B Tang, JS Chen, XH Su, G Li, X Zhang and YJ Yang (2010). Imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and loss of fibronectin expression in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiology, 116, 133-141.
84. Roger, VL, AS Go, DM Lloyd-Jones, RJ Adams, JD Berry, TM Brown, MR Carnethon, S Dai, G de Simone, ES Ford, CS Fox, HJ Fullerton, C Gillespie, KJ Greenlund, SM Hailpern, JA Heit, PM Ho, VJ Howard, BM Kissela, SJ Kittner, DT Lackland, JH Lichtman, LD Lisabeth, DM Makuc, GM Marcus, A Marelli, DB Matchar, MM McDermott, JB Meigs, CS Moy, D Mozaffarian, ME Mussolino, G Nichol, NP Paynter, WD Rosamond, PD Sorlie, RS Stafford, TN Turan, MB Turner, ND Wong and J Wylie-Rosett (2011). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 123, e18-e209.
85. Solomon, SD, MSJ Sutton, GA Lamas, T Plappert, JL Rouleau, H Skali, L Moye, E Braunwald, MA Pfeffer and for the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Investigators (2002). Ventricular remodeling does not accompany the development of heart failure in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 106, 1251-1255.
86. Lavine, SJ (2003). Prediction of heart failure post myocardial infarction: comparison of ejection fraction, transmitral filling parameters, and the index of myocardial performance. Echocardiography, 20, 691-701.
87. Hellermann, JP, SJ Jacobsen, MM Redfield, GS Reeder, SA Weston and VL Roger (2005). Heart failure after myocardial infarction: clinical presentation and survival. European Journal of Heart Failure, 7, 119-125.
88. Hellermann, JP, TY Goraya, SJ Jacobsen, SA Weston, GS Reeder, BJ Gersh, MM Redfield, RJ Rodeheffer, BP Yawn and VL Roger (2003). Incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction: is it changing over time? American Journal of Epidemiology, 157, 1101-1107.
89. Anavekar, NS, JJV McMurray, EJ Velazquez, SD Solomon, L Kober, J-L Rouleau, HD White, R Nordlander, A Maggioni, K Dickstein, S Zelenkofske, JD Leimberger, RM Califf and MA Pfeffer (2004). Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 1285-1295.
90. Sutton, MSJ, MA Pfeffer, L Moye, T Plappert, JL Rouleau, G Lamas, J Rouleau, JO Parker, MO Arnold, B Sussex and E Braunwald (1997). Cardiovascular death and left ventricular remodeling two years after myocardial infarction: baseline predictors and impact of long-term use of captopril: information from the survival and ventricular enlargement (SAVE) trial. Circulation, 96, 3294-3299.
91. Ezekowitz, JA, P Kaul, JA Bakal, PW Armstrong, RC Welsh and FA McAlister (2009). Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53, 13-20.
92. de Denus, S, J Lavoie, A Ducharme, E O’Meara, N Racine, MG Sirois, PE Neagoe, L Zhu, JL Rouleau and M White (2012). Differences in biomarkers in patients with heart failure with a reduced vs a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 28, 62-68.
93. Spinale, FG and NM Wilbur (2009). Matrix metalloproteinase therapy in heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 11, 339-346.
94. Messerli, FH (2004). TIMPs, MMPs and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 25, 1475-1476.
95. Sundstrom, J, JC Evans, EJ Benjamin, D Levy, MG Larson, DB Sawyer, DA Siwik, WS Colucci, P Sutherland, PW Wilson and RS Vasan (2004a). Relations of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 to clinical cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic left ventricular measures: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 109, 2850-2856.
96. Sundstrom, J, JC Evans, EJ Benjamin, D Levy, MG Larson, DB Sawyer, DA Siwik, WS Colucci, PW Wilson and RS Vasan (2004b). Relations of plasma total TIMP-1 levels to cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic measures: the Framingham heart study. European Heart Journal, 25, 1509-1516.
97. Sundstrom J and RS Vasan (2006). Circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling and risk of atherosclerotic events. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 17, 45-53.
98. Velagaleti RS, P Gona, J Sundstrom, MG Larson, D Siwik, WS Colucci, EJ Benjamin and RS Vasan (2010). Relations of biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling to incident cardiovascular events and mortality. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 30, 2283-2288.
99. Hansson, J, L Lind, J Hulthe and J Sundstrom (2009). Relations of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels to left ventricular measures and cardiovascular risk factors: a population-based study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation: Official Journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, 16, 297-303.
100. Hansson, J, RS Vasan, J Arnlov, E Ingelsson, L Lind, A Larsson, K Michaelsson and J Sundstrom (2011). Biomarkers of extracellular matrix metabolism (MMP-9 and TIMP-1) and risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cause-specific mortality: cohort study. PLoS One, 6, e16185.
101. Blankenberg, S, HJ Rupprecht, O Poirier, C Bickel, M Smieja, G Hafner, J Meyer, F Cambien and L Tiret (2003). Plasma concentrations and genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 107, 1579-1585.
102. Lubos, E, R Schnabel, HJ Rupprecht, C Bickel, CM Messow, S Prigge, F Cambien, L Tiret, T Munzel and S Blankenberg (2006). Prognostic value of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 for cardiovascular death among patients with cardiovascular disease: results from the AtheroGene study. European Heart Journal, 27, 150-156.
103. Deleon-Pennell, KY, R Altara, A Yabluchanskiy, A Modesti and ML Lindsey (2015). The circular relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inflammation following myocardial infarction. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life, 67, 611-618.
104. Iyer, RP, LE de Castro Bras, YF Jin and ML Lindsey (2014). Translating Koch’s postulates to identify matrix metalloproteinase roles in postmyocardial infarction remodeling: cardiac metalloproteinase actions (CarMA) postulates. Circulation Research, 114, 860-871.
105. Yabluchanskiy, A, Y Li, RJ Chilton and ML Lindsey (2013). Matrix metalloproteinases: drug targets for myocardial infarction. Current Drug Targets, 14, 276-286.
106. Halade, GV, YF Jin and ML Lindsey (2013). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9: a proximal biomarker for cardiac remodeling and a distal biomarker for inflammation. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 139, 32-40.
107. Iyer, RP, NL Patterson, GB Fields and ML Lindsey (2012). The history of matrix metalloproteinases: milestones, myths, and misperceptions. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 303, H919-H930.
108. Fisher, J and S Mobashery (2006). Recent advances in MMP inhibitor design. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 25, 115-136.
109. Marchant, DJ, CL Bellac, TJ Moraes, SJ Wadsworth, A Dufour, GS Butler, LM Bilawchuk, RG Hendry, AG Robertson, CT Cheung, J Ng, L Ang, Z Luo, K Heilbron, MJ Norris, W Duan, T Bucyk, A Karpov, L Devel, D Georgiadis, RG Hegele, H Luo, DJ Granville, V Dive, BM McManus and CM Overall (2014). A new transcriptional role for matrix metalloproteinase-12 in antiviral immunity. Nature Medicine, 20, 493-502.
110. Johnson, JL, L Devel, B Czarny, SJ George, CL Jackson, V Rogakos, F Beau, A Yiotakis, AC Newby and V Dive (2011). A selective matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibitor retards atherosclerotic plaque development in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 31, 528-535.
111. Devel, L, B Czarny, F Beau, D Georgiadis, E Stura and V Dive (2010). Third generation of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors: gain in selectivity by targeting the depth of the S1' cavity. Biochimie, 92, 1501-1508.
112. Lauer-Fields, JL and GB Fields (2009). Development of selective, exosite binding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors. In Peptides: Breaking Away (Proceedings of the Twenty-First American Peptide Symposium), M Lebl (ed.), pp. 239-241. Albuquerque, NM: American Peptide Society.
113. Lauer-Fields, JL, JK Whitehead, S Li, RP Hammer, K Brew and GB Fields (2008). Selective modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) functions via exosite inhibition. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 20087-20095.
114. Lamblin, N, C Bauters, X Hermant, JM Lablanche, N Helbecque and P Amouyel (2002). Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-12 genes as determinants of aneurysmal coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40, 43-48.
115. Weber, C, A Zernecke and P Libby (2008). The multifaceted contributions of leukocyte subsets to atherosclerosis: lessons from mouse models. Nature Reviews Immunology, 8, 802-815.
116. Hansson, GK, P Libby and I Tabas (2015). Inflammation and plaque vulnerability. Journal of Internal Medicine, 278, 483-493.
117. Libby, P, AH Lichtman and GK Hansson (2013). Immune effector mechanisms implicated in atherosclerosis: from mice to humans. Immunity, 38, 1092-1104.
118. Libby, P (2012). Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 32, 2045-2051.
119. Koullias, GJ, P Ravichandran, DP Korkolis, DL Rimm and JA Elefteriades (2004). Increased tissue microarray matrix metalloproteinase expression favors proteolysis in thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78, 2106-2110.
120. Wilson, WRW, M Anderton, EC Schwalbe, JL Jones, PN Furness, PRF Bell and MM Thompson (2006). Matrix metalloproteinase-8 and-9 are increased at the site of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Circulation, 113, 438-445.
121. Spinale, FG and F Villarreal (2014). Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in heart disease: lessons from endogenous inhibitors. Biochemical Pharmacology, 90, 7-15.
122. Peterson, JT (2006). The importance of estimating the therapeutic index in the development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Cardiovascular Research, 69, 677-687.
123. Murphy, G (2008). The ADAMs: signalling scissors in the tumour microenvironment. Nature Reviews Cancer, 8, 932-941.
124. Hudson, MP, PW Armstrong, W Ruzyllo, J Brum, L Cusmano, P Krzeski, R Lyon, M Quinones, P Theroux, D Sydlowski, HE Kim, MJ Garcia, WA Jaber and WD Weaver (2006). Effects of selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (PG-116800) to prevent ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: results of the PREMIER (Prevention of Myocardial Infarction Early Remodeling) trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48, 15-20.
125. Dorman, G, S Cseh, I Hajdu, L Barna, D Konya, K Kupai, L Kovacs and P Ferdinandy (2010). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: a critical appraisal of design principles and proposed therapeutic utility. Drugs, 70, 949-964.
126. Bench, TJ, A Jeremias and DL Brown (2011). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with tetracyclines for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Pharmacological Research: The Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society, 64, 561-566.
127. Benjamin, MM and RA Khalil (2012). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXS, 103, 209-279.
128. Golub, LM, S Ciancio, NS Tamamurthy, M Leung and TF McNamara (1990). Low-dose doxycycline therapy: effect of gingival and crevicular fluid collagenase activity in humans. Journal of Periodontal Research, 25, 321-330.
129. Karimbux, NY, NS Ramamurthy, LM Golub and I Nishimura (1994). Tissue healing with doxycycline and chemically modified tetracycline treatments in rats with porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 732, 433-435.
130. Villarreal, FJ, M Griffin, J Omens, W Dillmann, J Nguyen and J Covell (2003). Early short-term treatment with doxycycline modulates postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. Circulation, 108, 1487-1492.
131. Courtman, DW, CD Franco, Q Meng and MP Bendeck (2004). Inward remodeling of the rabbit aorta is blocked by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline. Journal of Vascular Research, 41, 157-165.
132. Garcia, RA, KV Go and FJ Villarreal (2007). Effects of timed administration of doxycycline or methylprednisolone on post-myocardial infarction inflammation and left ventricular remodeling in the rat heart. Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, 300, 159-169.
133. Lindeman, JHN, H Abdul-Hussien, JH van Bockel, R Wolterbeek and R Kleemann (2009). Clinical trial of doxycycline for matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition in patients with an abdominal aneurysm: doxycycline selectively depletes aortic wall neutrophils and cytotoxic T cells. Circulation, 119, 2209-2216.
134. Cerisano, G, P Buonamici, R Valenti, G Moschi, E Taddeucci, L Giurlani, A Migliorini, R Vergara, G Parodi, R Sciagra, R Romito, P Colonna and D Antoniucci (2014). Effects of a timely therapy with doxycycline on the left ventricular remodeling according to the preprocedural TIMI flow grade in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Basic Research in Cardiology, 109, 412.
135. Cerisano, G, P Buonamici, R Valenti, R Sciagra, S Raspanti, A Santini, N Carrabba, EV Dovellini, R Romito, A Pupi, P Colonna and D Antoniucci (2014). Early short-term doxycycline therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction to prevent the ominous progression to adverse remodelling: the TIPTOP trial. European Heart Journal, 35, 184-191.
136. Death, AK, S Nakhla, KC McGrath, S Martell, DK Yue, W Jessup and DS Celermajer (2002). Nitroglycerin upregulates matrix metalloproteinase expression by human macrophages. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 39, 1943-1950.
137. Cuadrado, E, L Ortega, M Hernandez-Guillamon, A Penalba, I Fernandez-Cadenas, A Rosell and J Montaner (2008). Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) promotes neutrophil degranulation and MMP-9 release. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 84, 207-214.
138. Tziakas, DN, GK Chalikias, EI Hatzinikolaou, DA Stakos, IK Tentes, A Kortsaris, DI Hatseras and JC Kaski (2006). Alteplase treatment affects circulating matrix metalloproteinase concentrations in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Thrombosis Research, 118, 221-227.
139. Rababah, M, H Worthmann, M Deb, AB Tryc, YT Ma, OM El Bendary, H Hecker, A Goldbecker, M Heeren, K Brand, K Weissenborn and R Lichtinghagen (2012). Anticoagulants affect matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in blood samples of stroke patients and healthy controls. Clinical Biochemistry, 45, 483-489.
140. Castellazzi, M, C Tamborino, E Fainardi, MC Manfrinato, E Granieri, F Dallocchio and T Bellini (2007). Effects of anticoagulants on the activity of gelatinases. Clinical Biochemistry, 40, 1272-1276.
141. Reinhardt, D, HH Sigusch, J Hensse, SC Tyagi, R Korfer and HR Figulla (2002). Cardiac remodelling in end stage heart failure: upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) irrespective of the underlying disease, and evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of ACE inhibitors on MMP. Heart, 88, 525-530.
142. McElmurray, JH, 3rd, R Mukherjee RB, New, AC Sampson, MK, King JW Hendrick, A Goldberg, TJ Peterson, H Hallak, MR Zile and FG Spinale (1999). Angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with developing heart failure: comparative effects on left ventricular function and geometry. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 291, 799-811.
143. Yamamoto, D, S Takai, D Jin, S Inagaki, K Tanaka and M Miyazaki (2007). Molecular mechanism of imidapril for cardiovascular protection via inhibition of MMP-9. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 43, 670-676.
144. Yamamoto, D, S Takai and M Miyazaki (2007). Prediction of interaction mode between a typical ACE inhibitor and MMP-9 active site. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 354, 981-984.
145. Yamamoto, D, S Takai and M Miyazaki (2008). Inhibitory profiles of captopril on matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. European Journal of Pharmacology, 588, 277-279.
146. Yamamoto, D and S Takai (2009). Pharmacological implications of MMP-9 inhibition by ACE inhibitors. Current Medical Chemistry, 16, 1349-1354.
147. Jin, Y, HC Han and ML Lindsey (2007). ACE inhibitors to block MMP-9 activity: new functions for old inhibitors. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 43, 664-666.
148. Gajarsa, JJ and RA Kloner (2011). Left ventricular remodeling in the post-infarction heart: a review of cellular, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic modalities. Heart Failure Reviews, 16, 13-21.
149. Tziakas, DN, GK Chalikias, JT Parissis, EI Hatzinikolaou, ED Papadopoulos, GA Tripsiannis, EG Papadopoulou, IK Tentes, SM Karas and DI Chatseras (2004). Serum profiles of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The effects of short-term atorvastatin administration. International Journal of Cardiology, 94, 269-277.
150. Turner, NA, PK Aley, KT Hall, P Warburton, S Galloway, L Midgley, DJ O’Regan, IC Wood, SG Ball and KE Porter (2007). Simvastatin inhibits TNFalpha-induced invasion of human cardiac myofibroblasts via both MMP-9-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 43, 168-176.
151. Luan, Z, AJ Chase and AC Newby (2003). Statins inhibit secretion of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3, and-9 from vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 23, 769-775.
152. Yasuda, S, S Miyazaki, H Kinoshita, N Nagaya, M Kanda, Y Goto and H Nonogi (2007). Enhanced cardiac production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 and its attenuation associated with pravastatin treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Science (Lond), 112, 43-49.
153. Koh, KK, JW Son, JY Ahn, DK Jin, HS Kim, YM Choi, DS Kim, EM Jeong, GS Park, IS Choi and EK Shin (2002). Comparative effects of diet and statin on NO bioactivity and matrix metalloproteinases in hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 22, e19-e23.
154. Adamek, A, K Hu, B Bayer, H Wagner, G Ertl, J Bauersachs and S Frantz (2007). High dose aspirin and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: aspirin and myocardial infarction. Basic Research in Cardiology, 102, 334-340.
155. Pan, M-R and W-C Hung (2002). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 via suppression of the ERK/ Sp1-mediated transcription. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 32775-32780.
156. Haffner, SM, AS Greenberg, WM Weston, H Chen, K Williams and MI Freed (2002). Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 106, 679-684.
157. Eickelberg, O, M Roth, R Mussmann, JJ Rudiger, M Tamm, AP Perruchoud and LH Block (1999). Calcium channel blockers activate the interleukin-6 gene via the transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-kappaB in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation, 99, 2276-2282.