Degradation and failure of carbon nanotube field emitters

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 67, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 10-

  Bonard, Jean Marc ^a   Klinke, Christian ^a   Dean, Kenneth A ^b   Coll, Bernard F ^b  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b MOTOROLA INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85038957996     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.115406     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Q.H. Wang, A.A. Setlur, J.M. Lauerhaas, J.Y. Dai, E.W. Seelig, and R.P.H. Chang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2912 (1998).
2. W.B. Choi, D.S. Chung, J.H. Kang, H.Y. Kim, Y.W. Jin, I.T. Han, Y.H. Lee, J.E. Jung, N.S. Lee, G.S. Park, and J.M. Kim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3129 (1999).
3. Y.W. Jin et al., J. Appl. Phys. 92, 1065 (2002).
4. N. de Jonge, Y. Lamy, K. Schoots, and T.H. Oosterkamp, Nature (London) 420, 393 (2002).
5. Y. Saito and S. Uemura, Carbon 38, 169 (2000).
6. H. Murakami, M. Hirakawa, C. Tanaka, and H. Yamakawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1776 (2000).
7. M. Croci, I. Arfaoui, T. Stöckli, A. Chatelain, and J.-M. Bonard, Microelectronic J. (to be published).
8. R. Rosen, W. Simendinger, C. Debbault, H. Shimoda, L. Fleming, B. Stoner, and O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1668 (2000).
9. O. Zhou’s group (UNC Chapel Hill) and W. Zhu (Lucent Technologies), pending U.S. patents.
10. G.Z. Yue, Q. Qiu, B. Gao, Y. Cheng, J. Zhang, H. Shimoda, S. Chang, J.P. Lu, and O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 355 (2002).
11. M.J. Fransen, T.L. van Rooy, and P. Kruit, Appl. Surf. Sci. 146, 312 (1999).
12. J.-M. Bonard, F. Maier, T. Stöckli, A. Châtelain, W.A.D. Heer, J.-P. Salvetat, and L. Forró, Ultramicroscopy 73, 9 (1998).
13. Z.L. Wang, P. Poncharal, and W.A. de Heer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 856 (2002).
14. K.A. Dean, T.P. Burgin, and B.R. Chalamala, Appl. Rev. Lett. 79, 1873 (2001).
15. K.A. Dean and B.R. Chalamala, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3017 (1999).
16. Y. Wei, K. Dean, B. Coll, and J. Jaskie, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4527 (2001).
17. J.-M. Bonard, K.A. Dean, B.F. Coll, and C. Klinke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 197602 (2002).
18. B.F. Coll, K. Dean, Y. Wei, J. Jaskie, and J.-M. Bonard, Appl. Phys. Lett. (to be published).
19. J.-M. Bonard, K.A. Dean, and B.F. Coll, Nano Lett. (to be published).
20. J.W. Gadzuk and E.W. Plummer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 487 (1973).
21. I. Brodie and C. Spindt, Adv. Electron. Electron. Phys. 83, 1 (1992).
22. K.A. Dean and B.R. Chalamala, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 375 (2000).
23. K. Hata, A. Takakura, and Y. Saito, Surf. Sci. 490, 296 (2001).
24. J.W. Luginsland, A. Valfells, and Y.Y. Lau, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2770 (1996).
25. A. Bachtold, M. Henny, C. Terrier, C. Strunk, C. Schönenberger, J.-P. Salvetat, J.-M. Bonard, and L. Forró, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 274 (1998).
26. P. Avouris, Chem. Phys. 281, 429 (2002).
27. V. Meunier, P. Senet, and P. Lambin, Phys. Rev. B 60, 7792 (1999).
28. P. Collins and P. Avouris, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 74, 329 (2002).
29. M. Chhowalla, K.B.K. Teo, C. Ducati, N.L. Rupesinghe, G.A.J. Amaratunga, A.C. Ferrari, D. Roy, J. Robertson, and W.I. Milne, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 5308 (2001).
30. V. Semet, V.T. Binh, P. Vincent, D. Guillot, K.B.K. Teo, M. Chhowalla, G.A.J. Amaratunga, W.I. Milne, P. Legagneux, and D. Pribat, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 343 (2002).
31. K.B.K. Teo, presented at the NT’02 conference, Boston College, Boston MA, July 6–11, 2002 (also see http://www.nanoten.com/nt02/).
32. P.J. de Pablo, E. Graugnard, B. Walsh, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, and R. Reifenberger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 323 (1999).
33. A. Bachtold, M.S. Fuhrer, S. Plyasunov, M. Foreor, E.H. Anderson, A. Zettl, and P. McEuen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6082 (2000).
34. M. Ahlskog, presented at the NT’02 conference, Boston College, Boston MA, July 6–11, 2002 (also see http://www.nanoten.com/nt02/).
35. W.W. Dolan, W.P. Dyke, and J.K. Trolan, Phys. Rev. 91, 1054 (1953).
36. S.T. Purcell, P. Vicent, C. Journet, and V.T. Binh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 105502 (2002).
37. M. Sveningsson, presented at the NT’02 conference, Boston College, Boston MA, July 6–11, 2002 (also see http://www.nanoten.com/nt02/).
38. P. Kim, L. Shi, A. Majumdar, and P.L. McEuen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 215502 (2001).
39. W. Yi, L. Lu, l. Zhang Dian, Z.W. Pan, and S.S. Xie, Phys. Rev. B 59, R9015 (1999).
40. J. Vanderlinde, Classical Electromagnetic Theory (Wiley, New York, 1993).
41. C.J. Edgcombe and U. Valdré, Philos. Mag. B 82, 987 (2002).
42. L. Nilsson, O. Groening, P. Groening, O. Kuettel, and L. Schlapbach, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 768 (2001).
43. M.-F. Yu, O. Lourie, M.J. Dyer, K. Moloni, T.F. Kelly, and R.S. Ruoff, Science 287, 637 (2000).
44. W.P. Dyke, J.K. Trolan, E.E. Martin, and J.P. Barbour, Phys. Rev. 91, 1043 (1953).
45. R. Gomer, Surf. Sci. 299/300, 129 (1994).
46. A.T. Sowers, B.L. Ward, S.L. English, and R.J. Nemanich, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 3973 (1999).
47. L. Nilsson, O. Gröning, P. Gröning, and L. Schlapbach, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1036 (2001).
48. FREEFEM+ is an implementation of a language dedicated to the finite element method that provides a way to solve Partial Differential Equations (PDE). Also see http://www.freefem.org
49. D.R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1990).
50. J. van Ruitenbeek, in Metal Clusters on Surfaces: Structure, Quantum Properties, Physical Chemistry (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2000).
51. J.-M. Bonard, N. Weiss, H. Kind, T. Stöckli, L. Forró, K. Kern, and A. Châtelain, Adv. Mater. 13, 184 (2001).
52. J.-M. Bonard, J.-P. Salvetat, T. Stöckli, W.A.D. Heer, L. Forró, and A. Châtelain, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 918 (1998).
53. D.S. Chung, W.B. Choi, J.H. Kang, H.Y. Kim, I.T. Han, Y.S. Park, Y.H. Lee, N.S. Lee, J.E. Jung, and J.M. Kim, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18, 1054 (2000).
54. H. Kind, J.-M. Bonard, C. Emmenegger, L.-O. Nilsson, K. Hernadi, E. Maillard-Schaller, L. Schlapbach, L. Forró, and K. Kern, Adv. Mater. 11, 1285 (1999).
55. M. Croci, J.-M. Bonard, O. Noury, T. Stöckli, and A. Chatelain, Chem. Vap. Deposition 8, 89 (2002).
56. J.-M. Bonard, P. Chauvin, and C. Klinke, Nano Lett. 2, 665 (2002).
57. J. Dijon, A. Fournier, B. Montmayeul, D. Zanghi, B. Coll, I. Arfaoui, J.-M. Bonard, and A.-M. Bonnot (unpublished).