메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 9-15

The diversity and disparity of the glial scar

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIN 1; PROTEOCHONDROITIN SULFATE;

EID: 85038625305     PISSN: 10976256     EISSN: 15461726     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0033-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (277)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 84880851472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial scar borders are formed by newly proliferated, elongated astrocytes that interact to corral inflammatory and fibrotic cells via STAT3-dependent mechanisms after spinal cord injury
    • Wanner, I. B. et al. Glial scar borders are formed by newly proliferated, elongated astrocytes that interact to corral inflammatory and fibrotic cells via STAT3-dependent mechanisms after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 33, 12870-12886 (2013)
    • (2013) J. Neurosci , vol.33 , pp. 12870-12886
    • Wanner, I.B.1
  • 3
    • 84864021984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional astrocyte allocation regulates CNS synaptogenesis and repair
    • Tsai, H. H. et al. Regional astrocyte allocation regulates CNS synaptogenesis and repair. Science 337, 358-362 (2012)
    • (2012) Science , vol.337 , pp. 358-362
    • Tsai, H.H.1
  • 4
    • 84899946489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-encoded positional cues maintain sensorimotor circuit integrity
    • Molofsky, A. V. et al. Astrocyte-encoded positional cues maintain sensorimotor circuit integrity. Nature 509, 189-194 (2014)
    • (2014) Nature , vol.509 , pp. 189-194
    • Molofsky, A.V.1
  • 5
    • 85011659726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs
    • John Lin, C. C. et al. Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 396-405 (2017)
    • (2017) Nat. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 396-405
    • John Lin, C.C.1
  • 6
    • 85023645371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural circuit-specialized astrocytes: Transcriptomic, proteomic, morphological, and functional evidence
    • Chai, H. et al. Neural circuit-specialized astrocytes: transcriptomic, proteomic, morphological, and functional evidence. Neuron 95, 531-549 (2017)
    • (2017) Neuron , vol.95 , pp. 531-549
    • Chai, H.1
  • 7
    • 85000843853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation
    • Ben Haim, L. &Rowitch, D. H. Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 31-41 (2017)
    • (2017) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 31-41
    • Ben Haim, L.1    Rowitch, D.H.2
  • 8
    • 55249102238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progeny of Olig2-expressing progenitors in the gray and white matter of the adult mouse cerebral cortex
    • Dimou, L., Simon, C., Kirchhoff, F., Takebayashi, H. &Gotz, M. Progeny of Olig2-expressing progenitors in the gray and white matter of the adult mouse cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 28, 10434-10442 (2008)
    • (2008) J. Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 10434-10442
    • Dimou, L.1    Simon, C.2    Kirchhoff, F.3    Takebayashi, H.4    Gotz, M.5
  • 9
    • 84884909035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation reveals regional differences in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the adult brain
    • Vigano, F., Mobius, W., Gotz, M. &Dimou, L. Transplantation reveals regional differences in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the adult brain. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 1370-1372 (2013)
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 1370-1372
    • Vigano, F.1    Mobius, W.2    Gotz, M.3    Dimou, L.4
  • 10
    • 9244264928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NG2-positive cells in the mouse white and grey matter display distinct physiological properties
    • Chittajallu, R., Aguirre, A. &Gallo, V. NG2-positive cells in the mouse white and grey matter display distinct physiological properties. J. Physiol. (Lond) 561, 109-122 (2004)
    • (2004) J. Physiol. (Lond) , vol.561 , pp. 109-122
    • Chittajallu, R.1    Aguirre, A.2    Gallo, V.3
  • 11
    • 34247368943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proneural gene Mash1 specifies an early population of telencephalic oligodendrocytes
    • Parras, C. M. et al. The proneural gene Mash1 specifies an early population of telencephalic oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. 27, 4233-4242 (2007)
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 4233-4242
    • Parras, C.M.1
  • 12
    • 84959110290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging
    • Grabert, K. et al. Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 504-516 (2016)
    • (2016) Nat. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 504-516
    • Grabert, K.1
  • 13
    • 85021832099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia
    • Biase, L. M. et al. Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia. Neuron 95, 341-356 (2017)
    • (2017) Neuron , vol.95 , pp. 341-356
    • Biase, L.M.1
  • 14
    • 84860322835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis
    • Zamanian, J. L. et al. Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis. J. Neurosci. 32, 6391-6410 (2012)
    • (2012) J. Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 6391-6410
    • Zamanian, J.L.1
  • 15
    • 85016155890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
    • Liddelow, S. A. et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541, 481-487 (2017)
    • (2017) Nature , vol.541 , pp. 481-487
    • Liddelow, S.A.1
  • 16
    • 84982732315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke
    • Hayakawa, K. et al. Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke. Nature 535, 551-555 (2016)
    • (2016) Nature , vol.535 , pp. 551-555
    • Hayakawa, K.1
  • 17
    • 84867586343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mediators alter the astrocyte transcriptome and calcium signaling elicited by multiple G-protein-coupled receptors
    • Hamby, M. E. et al. Inflammatory mediators alter the astrocyte transcriptome and calcium signaling elicited by multiple G-protein-coupled receptors. J. Neurosci. 32, 14489-14510 (2012)
    • (2012) J. Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 14489-14510
    • Hamby, M.E.1
  • 18
    • 77949355760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional heterogeneity in astrocyte responses following contusive spinal cord injury in mice
    • White, R. E., McTigue, D. M. &Jakeman, L. B. Regional heterogeneity in astrocyte responses following contusive spinal cord injury in mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 518, 1370-1390 (2010)
    • (2010) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.518 , pp. 1370-1390
    • White, R.E.1    McTigue, D.M.2    Jakeman, L.B.3
  • 19
    • 84876933529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live imaging of astrocyte responses to acute injury reveals selective juxtavascular proliferation
    • Bardehle, S. et al. Live imaging of astrocyte responses to acute injury reveals selective juxtavascular proliferation. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 580-586 (2013)
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 580-586
    • Bardehle, S.1
  • 21
    • 84947813542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult neural stem cells from the subventricular zone give rise to reactive astrocytes in the cortex after stroke
    • Faiz, M. et al. Adult neural stem cells from the subventricular zone give rise to reactive astrocytes in the cortex after stroke. Cell Stem Cell 17, 624-634 (2015)
    • (2015) Cell Stem Cell , vol.17 , pp. 624-634
    • Faiz, M.1
  • 22
    • 85010875151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ependymal cell contribution to scar formation after spinal cord injury is minimal, local and dependent on direct ependymal injury
    • Ren, Y. et al. Ependymal cell contribution to scar formation after spinal cord injury is minimal, local and dependent on direct ependymal injury. Sci. Rep. 7, 41122 (2017)
    • (2017) Sci. Rep , vol.7 , pp. 41122
    • Ren, Y.1
  • 23
    • 84887293716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resident neural stem cells restrict tissue damage and neuronal loss after spinal cord injury in mice
    • Sabelstrom, H. et al. Resident neural stem cells restrict tissue damage and neuronal loss after spinal cord injury in mice. Science 342, 637-640 (2013)
    • (2013) Science , vol.342 , pp. 637-640
    • Sabelstrom, H.1
  • 24
    • 85029667865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes: Production, function, and therapeutic potential
    • Liddelow, S. A. &Barres, B. A. Reactive astrocytes: production, function, and therapeutic potential. Immunity 46, 957-967 (2017)
    • (2017) Immunity , vol.46 , pp. 957-967
    • Liddelow, S.A.1    Barres, B.A.2
  • 25
    • 84930872206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NG2-glia and their functions in the central nervous system
    • Dimou, L. &Gallo, V. NG2-glia and their functions in the central nervous system. Glia 63, 1429-1451 (2015)
    • (2015) Glia , vol.63 , pp. 1429-1451
    • Dimou, L.1    Gallo, V.2
  • 26
    • 0035873062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferation of NG2-positive cells and altered oligodendrocyte numbers in the contused rat spinal cord
    • McTigue, D. M., Wei, P. &Stokes, B. T. Proliferation of NG2-positive cells and altered oligodendrocyte numbers in the contused rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 21, 3392-3400 (2001)
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 3392-3400
    • McTigue, D.M.1    Wei, P.2    Stokes, B.T.3
  • 27
    • 85006142014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the NG2 glial scar after spinal cord injury
    • Hackett, A. R. &Lee, J. K. Understanding the NG2 glial scar after spinal cord injury. Front. Neurol 7, 199 (2016)
    • (2016) Front. Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 199
    • Hackett, A.R.1    Lee, J.K.2
  • 28
    • 84959314975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STAT3 and SOCS3 regulate NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after contusive spinal cord injury
    • Hackett, A. R. et al. STAT3 and SOCS3 regulate NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after contusive spinal cord injury. Neurobiol. Dis. 89, 10-22 (2016)
    • (2016) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.89 , pp. 10-22
    • Hackett, A.R.1
  • 29
    • 79952655580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NG2 cells are not a major source of reactive astrocytes after neocortical stab wound injury
    • Komitova, M., Serwanski, D. R., Lu, Q. R. &Nishiyama, A. NG2 cells are not a major source of reactive astrocytes after neocortical stab wound injury. Glia 59, 800-809 (2011)
    • (2011) Glia , vol.59 , pp. 800-809
    • Komitova, M.1    Serwanski, D.R.2    Lu, Q.R.3    Nishiyama, A.4
  • 30
    • 77956633377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination
    • Zawadzka, M. et al. CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination. Cell Stem Cell 6, 578-590 (2010)
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.6 , pp. 578-590
    • Zawadzka, M.1
  • 31
    • 85029186047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelinogenic plasticity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells following spinal cord contusion injury
    • Assinck, P. et al. Myelinogenic plasticity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells following spinal cord contusion injury. J. Neurosci. 37, 8635-8654 (2017)
    • (2017) J. Neurosci , vol.37 , pp. 8635-8654
    • Assinck, P.1
  • 32
    • 85023742096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of reactive astrocytes with type i collagen induces astrocytic scar formation through the integrin-N-cadherin pathway after spinal cord injury
    • Hara, M. et al. Interaction of reactive astrocytes with type I collagen induces astrocytic scar formation through the integrin-N-cadherin pathway after spinal cord injury. Nat. Med. 23, 818-828 (2017)
    • (2017) Nat. Med , vol.23 , pp. 818-828
    • Hara, M.1
  • 33
    • 80052633284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development
    • Paolicelli, R. C. et al. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science 333, 1456-1458 (2011)
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1456-1458
    • Paolicelli, R.C.1
  • 34
    • 60149098421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debris clearance by microglia: An essential link between degeneration and regeneration
    • Neumann, H., Kotter, M. R. &Franklin, R. J. Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration. Brain 132, 288-295 (2009)
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 288-295
    • Neumann, H.1    Kotter, M.R.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 35
    • 33847785649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective ablation of proliferating microglial cells exacerbates ischemic injury in the brain
    • Lalancette-Hebert, M., Gowing, G., Simard, A., Weng, Y. C. &Kriz, J. Selective ablation of proliferating microglial cells exacerbates ischemic injury in the brain. J. Neurosci. 27, 2596-2605 (2007)
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 2596-2605
    • Lalancette-Hebert, M.1    Gowing, G.2    Simard, A.3    Weng, Y.C.4    Kriz, J.5
  • 36
    • 30744439794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BDNF from microglia causes the shift in neuronal anion gradient underlying neuropathic pain
    • Coull, J. A. et al. BDNF from microglia causes the shift in neuronal anion gradient underlying neuropathic pain. Nature 438, 1017-1021 (2005)
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 1017-1021
    • Coull, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 84896689074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the microglia in acute CNS injury
    • Kawabori, M. &Yenari, M. A. The role of the microglia in acute CNS injury. Metab. Brain Dis. 30, 381-392 (2015)
    • (2015) Metab. Brain Dis , vol.30 , pp. 381-392
    • Kawabori, M.1    Yenari, M.A.2
  • 38
    • 84880802569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neurodegeneration-specific gene-expression signature of acutely isolated microglia from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model
    • Chiu, I. M. et al. A neurodegeneration-specific gene-expression signature of acutely isolated microglia from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Cell Rep. 4, 385-401 (2013)
    • (2013) Cell Rep , vol.4 , pp. 385-401
    • Chiu, I.M.1
  • 39
    • 84979730436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polarizing question: Do M1 and M2 microglia exist? Nat
    • Ransohoff, R. M. A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist? Nat. Neurosci. 19, 987-991 (2016)
    • (2016) Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 987-991
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1
  • 40
    • 70350558453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord
    • Kigerl, K. A. et al. Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 29, 13435-13444 (2009)
    • (2009) J. Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 13435-13444
    • Kigerl, K.A.1
  • 41
    • 84868209611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia/macrophage polarization dynamics reveal novel mechanism of injury expansion after focal cerebral ischemia
    • Hu, X. et al. Microglia/macrophage polarization dynamics reveal novel mechanism of injury expansion after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 43, 3063-3070 (2012)
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3063-3070
    • Hu, X.1
  • 42
    • 84881492342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury induces macrophage subsets in the brain
    • Hsieh, C. L. et al. Traumatic brain injury induces macrophage subsets in the brain. Eur. J. Immunol. 43, 2010-2022 (2013)
    • (2013) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.43 , pp. 2010-2022
    • Hsieh, C.L.1
  • 43
    • 84883454794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination
    • Miron, V. E. et al. M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 1211-1218 (2013)
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 1211-1218
    • Miron, V.E.1
  • 44
    • 84962250196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS
    • Bennett, M. L. et al. New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, E1738-E1746 (2016)
    • (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.113 , pp. E1738-E1746
    • Bennett, M.L.1
  • 45
    • 78650772612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningeal cells and glia establish a permissive environment for axon regeneration after spinal cord injury in newts
    • Zukor, K. A., Kent, D. T. &Odelberg, S. J. Meningeal cells and glia establish a permissive environment for axon regeneration after spinal cord injury in newts. Neural Dev. 6, 1 (2011)
    • (2011) Neural Dev , vol.6 , pp. 1
    • Zukor, K.A.1    Kent, D.T.2    Odelberg, S.J.3
  • 46
    • 0037036144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells
    • Goldberg, J. L., Klassen, M. P., Hua, Y. &Barres, B. A. Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells. Science 296, 1860-1864 (2002)
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1860-1864
    • Goldberg, J.L.1    Klassen, M.P.2    Hua, Y.3    Barres, B.A.4
  • 47
    • 0019856865 scopus 로고
    • Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats
    • David, S. &Aguayo, A. J. Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats. Science 214, 931-933 (1981)
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 931-933
    • David, S.1    Aguayo, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 84928673857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: Key modulators in the developing and pathologic central nervous system
    • Dyck, S. M. &Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: key modulators in the developing and pathologic central nervous system. Exp. Neurol. 269, 169-187 (2015)
    • (2015) Exp. Neurol , vol.269 , pp. 169-187
    • Dyck, S.M.1    Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S.2
  • 49
    • 84964324589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte scar formation AIDS central nervous system axon regeneration
    • Anderson, M. A. et al. Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration. Nature 532, 195-200 (2016)
    • (2016) Nature , vol.532 , pp. 195-200
    • Anderson, M.A.1
  • 50
    • 0025720059 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of neurite outgrowth in a model of glial scarring following CNS injury is correlated with the expression of inhibitory molecules on reactive astrocytes
    • McKeon, R. J., Schreiber, R. C., Rudge, J. S. &Silver, J. Reduction of neurite outgrowth in a model of glial scarring following CNS injury is correlated with the expression of inhibitory molecules on reactive astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 11, 3398-3411 (1991)
    • (1991) J. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 3398-3411
    • McKeon, R.J.1    Schreiber, R.C.2    Rudge, J.S.3    Silver, J.4
  • 51
    • 84877804122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inhibit oligodendrocyte myelination through PTP
    • Pendleton, J. C. et al. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inhibit oligodendrocyte myelination through PTP . Exp. Neurol. 247, 113-121 (2013)
    • (2013) Exp. Neurol , vol.247 , pp. 113-121
    • Pendleton, J.C.1
  • 52
    • 84867064116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in demyelinated lesions impair remyelination
    • Lau, L. W. et al. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in demyelinated lesions impair remyelination. Ann. Neurol. 72, 419-432 (2012)
    • (2012) Ann. Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 419-432
    • Lau, L.W.1
  • 53
    • 0037061426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury
    • Bradbury, E. J. et al. Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Nature 416, 636-640 (2002)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 636-640
    • Bradbury, E.J.1
  • 54
    • 84860132066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed treatment with chondroitinase ABC promotes sensorimotor recovery and plasticity after stroke in aged rats
    • Soleman, S., Yip, P. K., Duricki, D. A. &Moon, L. D. Delayed treatment with chondroitinase ABC promotes sensorimotor recovery and plasticity after stroke in aged rats. Brain 135, 1210-1223 (2012)
    • (2012) Brain , vol.135 , pp. 1210-1223
    • Soleman, S.1    Yip, P.K.2    Duricki, D.A.3    Moon, L.D.4
  • 55
    • 84924963569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTP promotes recovery after spinal cord injury
    • Lang, B. T. et al. Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTP promotes recovery after spinal cord injury. Nature 518, 404-408 (2015)
    • (2015) Nature , vol.518 , pp. 404-408
    • Lang, B.T.1
  • 56
    • 84893480475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation
    • Hammond, T. R. et al. Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation. Neuron 81, 588-602 (2014)
    • (2014) Neuron , vol.81 , pp. 588-602
    • Hammond, T.R.1
  • 57
    • 85027918243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-B receptor activation in astrocytes regulates the rate of oligodendrocyte regeneration during remyelination
    • Hammond, T. R. et al. Endothelin-B receptor activation in astrocytes regulates the rate of oligodendrocyte regeneration during remyelination. Cell Rep. 13, 2090-2097 (2015)
    • (2015) Cell Rep , vol.13 , pp. 2090-2097
    • Hammond, T.R.1
  • 58
    • 79955753560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes from the contused spinal cord inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins
    • Wang, Y. et al. Astrocytes from the contused spinal cord inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins. J. Neurosci. 31, 6053-6058 (2011)
    • (2011) J. Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 6053-6058
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 59
    • 33947547648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive cortical remyelination in patients with chronic multiple sclerosis
    • Albert, M., Antel, J., Bruck, W. &Stadelmann, C. Extensive cortical remyelination in patients with chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol. 17, 129-138 (2007)
    • (2007) Brain Pathol , vol.17 , pp. 129-138
    • Albert, M.1    Antel, J.2    Bruck, W.3    Stadelmann, C.4
  • 60
    • 1542317072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes protect tissue and preserve function after spinal cord injury
    • Faulkner, J. R. et al. Reactive astrocytes protect tissue and preserve function after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 24, 2143-2155 (2004)
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 2143-2155
    • Faulkner, J.R.1
  • 61
    • 60549083987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bright side of the glial scar in CNS repair
    • Rolls, A., Shechter, R. &Schwartz, M. The bright side of the glial scar in CNS repair. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 235-241 (2009)
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 235-241
    • Rolls, A.1    Shechter, R.2    Schwartz, M.3
  • 62
    • 84977595588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glial scar is more than just astrocytes
    • Silver, J. The glial scar is more than just astrocytes. Exp. Neurol. 286, 147-149 (2016)
    • (2016) Exp. Neurol , vol.286 , pp. 147-149
    • Silver, J.1
  • 63
    • 0028091766 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neurite growth by the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
    • Dou, C. L. &Levine, J. M. Inhibition of neurite growth by the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. J. Neurosci. 14, 7616-7628 (1994)
    • (1994) J. Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 7616-7628
    • Dou, C.L.1    Levine, J.M.2
  • 64
    • 33646926966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against the NG2 proteoglycan promote the regeneration of sensory axons within the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
    • Tan, A. M., Colletti, M., Rorai, A. T., Skene, J. H. &Levine, J. M. Antibodies against the NG2 proteoglycan promote the regeneration of sensory axons within the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 26, 4729-4739 (2006)
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 4729-4739
    • Tan, A.M.1    Colletti, M.2    Rorai, A.T.3    Skene, J.H.4    Levine, J.M.5
  • 65
    • 84874631221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralization of inhibitory molecule NG2 improves synaptic transmission, retrograde transport, and locomotor function after spinal cord injury in adult rats
    • Petrosyan, H. A. et al. Neutralization of inhibitory molecule NG2 improves synaptic transmission, retrograde transport, and locomotor function after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J. Neurosci. 33, 4032-4043 (2013)
    • (2013) J. Neurosci , vol.33 , pp. 4032-4043
    • Petrosyan, H.A.1
  • 66
    • 84904968661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of B-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells reduces glial scarring and promotes axon regeneration after CNS injury
    • Rodriguez, J. P. et al. Abrogation of B-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells reduces glial scarring and promotes axon regeneration after CNS injury. J. Neurosci. 34, 10285-10297 (2014)
    • (2014) J. Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 10285-10297
    • Rodriguez, J.P.1
  • 67
    • 14844297139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential responses of spinal axons to transection: Influence of the NG2 proteoglycan
    • Castro, R. Jr., Tajrishi, R., Claros, J. &Stallcup, W. B. Differential responses of spinal axons to transection: influence of the NG2 proteoglycan. Exp. Neurol. 192, 299-309 (2005)
    • (2005) Exp. Neurol , vol.192 , pp. 299-309
    • Castro, R.1    Tajrishi, R.2    Claros, J.3    Stallcup, W.B.4
  • 68
    • 84914679498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrapment via synaptic-like connections between NG2 proteoglycan+ cells and dystrophic axons in the lesion plays a role in regeneration failure after spinal cord injury
    • Filous, A. R. et al. Entrapment via synaptic-like connections between NG2 proteoglycan+ cells and dystrophic axons in the lesion plays a role in regeneration failure after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 34, 16369-16384 (2014)
    • (2014) J. Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 16369-16384
    • Filous, A.R.1
  • 69
    • 81055149915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced inflammation accompanies diminished myelin damage and repair in the NG2 null mouse spinal cord
    • Kucharova, K., Chang, Y., Boor, A., Yong, V. W. &Stallcup, W. B. Reduced inflammation accompanies diminished myelin damage and repair in the NG2 null mouse spinal cord. J. Neuroinflammation 8, 158 (2011)
    • (2011) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.8 , pp. 158
    • Kucharova, K.1    Chang, Y.2    Boor, A.3    Yong, V.W.4    Stallcup, W.B.5
  • 71
    • 84953709732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of progenitor and mature human astrocytes reveals transcriptional and functional differences with mouse
    • Zhang, Y. et al. Purification and characterization of progenitor and mature human astrocytes reveals transcriptional and functional differences with mouse. Neuron 89, 37-53 (2016)
    • (2016) Neuron , vol.89 , pp. 37-53
    • Zhang, Y.1
  • 72
    • 55449103144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a translational profiling approach for the comparative analysis of CNS cell types
    • Doyle, J. P. et al. Application of a translational profiling approach for the comparative analysis of CNS cell types. Cell 135, 749-762 (2008)
    • (2008) Cell , vol.135 , pp. 749-762
    • Doyle, J.P.1
  • 73
    • 44249099757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of microglial cathepsin D revealed by secretome analysis
    • Kim, S. et al. Neurotoxicity of microglial cathepsin D revealed by secretome analysis. J. Neurochem. 103, 2640-2650 (2007)
    • (2007) J. Neurochem , vol.103 , pp. 2640-2650
    • Kim, S.1
  • 74
    • 84860564770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-photon imaging of microglia in the mouse cortex in vivo
    • Nimmerjahn, A. Two-photon imaging of microglia in the mouse cortex in vivo. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot069294 (2012)
    • (2012) Cold Spring Harb. Protoc
    • Nimmerjahn, A.1
  • 75
    • 84893847301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optogenetic astrocyte activation modulates response selectivity of visual cortex neurons in vivo
    • Perea, G., Yang, A., Boyden, E. S. &Sur, M. Optogenetic astrocyte activation modulates response selectivity of visual cortex neurons in vivo. Nat. Commun. 5, 3262 (2014)
    • (2014) Nat. Commun , vol.5 , pp. 3262
    • Perea, G.1    Yang, A.2    Boyden, E.S.3    Sur, M.4
  • 76
    • 84945961579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of NG2+ cells: Matching physiological studies with gene expression profiles
    • (Pt. B)
    • Larson, V. A., Zhang, Y. &Bergles, D. E. Electrophysiological properties of NG2+ cells: matching physiological studies with gene expression profiles. Brain Res. 1638, 138-160 (2016). (Pt. B)
    • (2016) Brain Res , vol.1638 , pp. 138-160
    • Larson, V.A.1    Zhang, Y.2    Bergles, D.E.3
  • 77
    • 84908009824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging activity in neurons and glia with a Polr2a-based and cre-dependent GCaMP5G-IRES-tdTomato reporter mouse
    • Gee, J. M. et al. Imaging activity in neurons and glia with a Polr2a-based and cre-dependent GCaMP5G-IRES-tdTomato reporter mouse. Neuron 83, 1058-1072 (2014)
    • (2014) Neuron , vol.83 , pp. 1058-1072
    • Gee, J.M.1
  • 78
    • 84930865559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes as neural stem or progenitor cells: In vivo lineage, in vitro potential, and genome-wide expression analysis
    • Gotz, M., Sirko, S., Beckers, J. &Irmler, M. Reactive astrocytes as neural stem or progenitor cells: in vivo lineage, in vitro potential, and genome-wide expression analysis. Glia 63, 1452-1468 (2015)
    • (2015) Glia , vol.63 , pp. 1452-1468
    • Gotz, M.1    Sirko, S.2    Beckers, J.3    Irmler, M.4
  • 79
    • 42149152075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: A source of multipotent cells in the injured brain
    • Buffo, A. et al. Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: a source of multipotent cells in the injured brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 3581-3586 (2008)
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 3581-3586
    • Buffo, A.1
  • 80
    • 84861857672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-renewal and differentiation of reactive astrocyte-derived neural stem/progenitor cells isolated from the cortical peri-infarct area after stroke
    • Shimada, I. S., LeComte, M. D., Granger, J. C., Quinlan, N. J. &Spees, J. L. Self-renewal and differentiation of reactive astrocyte-derived neural stem/progenitor cells isolated from the cortical peri-infarct area after stroke. J. Neurosci. 32, 7926-7940 (2012)
    • (2012) J. Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 7926-7940
    • Shimada, I.S.1    LeComte, M.D.2    Granger, J.C.3    Quinlan, N.J.4    Spees, J.L.5
  • 81
    • 84875946599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive glia in the injured brain acquire stem cell properties in response to sonic hedgehog
    • Sirko, S. et al. Reactive glia in the injured brain acquire stem cell properties in response to sonic hedgehog. Cell Stem Cell 12, 426-439 (2013)
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.12 , pp. 426-439
    • Sirko, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.