Fatty acid composition and phospholipid types used in infant formulas modifies the establishment of human gut bacteria in germ-free mice

Scientific Reports

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2017, Pages

  Nejrup, Rikke Guldhammer ^a   Licht, Tine Rask ^a   Hellgren, Lars Ingvar ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID; PHOSPHOLIPID;

ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; ARTIFICIAL MILK; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MOUSE;

ANIMALS; FATTY ACIDS; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME; HUMANS; INFANT FORMULA; LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MALE; MICE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS;

EID: 85021253768     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04298-0     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Tremaroli, V. & Bäckhed, F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature 489, 242-9 (2012).
2. Sommer, F. & Bäckhed, F. The gut microbiota-masters of host development and physiology. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11, 227-38 (2013).
3. Arrieta, M.-C., Stiemsma, L. T., Amenyogbe, N., Brown, E. M. & Finlay, B. The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease. Front. Immunol 5, 427 (2014).
4. Macfarlane, G. T. & Macfarlane, L. E. Acquisition, evolution and maintenance of the normal gut microbiota. Dig. Dis. 27(Suppl 1), 90-8 (2009).
5. Laursen, M. F. et al. Infant Gut Microbiota Development Is Driven by Transition to Family Foods Independent of Maternal Obesity. mSphere 1, e00069-15 (2016).
6. Laursen, M. F. et al. Having older siblings is associated with gut microbiota development during early childhood. BMC Microbiol. 15, 154 (2015).
7. Harmsen, H. J. M. et al. Analysis of intestinal flora development in breast-fed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 30, 61-67 (2000).
8. Kleessen, B., Bunke, H., Tovar, K., Noack, J. & Sawatzki, G. Influence of two infant formulas and human milk on the development of the faecal flora in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 84, 1347-56 (1995).
9. Lindquist, S. & Hernell, O. Lipid digestion and absorption in early life: an update. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 13, 314-20 (2010).
10. Berenhauser, A. C. P., do Prado, A. C., da Silva, R. C., Gioielli, L. A. & Block, J. M. Fatty acid composition in preterm and term breast milk. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 318-25 (2012).
11. Lubetzky, R. et al. Human milk fatty acids profile changes during prolonged lactation: a cross-sectional study. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 14, 7-10 (2012).
12. Gibson, R. A. & Kneebone, G. M. Fatty acid composition of human colostrum and mature breast milk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34, 252-7 (1981).
13. Koletzko, B. & Rodriguez-Palmero, M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and their role in early infant development. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 4, 269-84 (1999).
14. Nagachinta, S. & Akoh, C. C. Synthesis of structured lipid enriched with omega fatty acids and sn-2 palmitic acid by enzymatic esterification and its incorporation in powdered infant formula. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61, 4455-63 (2013).
15. Heid, H. W. & Keenan, T. W. Intracellular origin and secretion of milk fat globules. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 84, 245-58 (2005).
16. Sala-Vila, A., Castellote, A. I., Rodriguez-Palmero, M., Campoy, C. & López-Sabater, M. C. Lipid composition in human breast milk from Granada (Spain): changes during lactation. Nutrition 21, 467-73 (2005).
17. Zou, X.-Q. et al. Human milk fat globules from different stages of lactation: a lipid composition analysis and microstructure characterization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60, 7158-67 (2012).
18. Lopez, C. & Ménard, O. Human milk fat globules: polar lipid composition and in situ structural investigations revealing the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and the lateral segregation of sphingomyelin in the biological membrane. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 83, 29-41 (2011).
19. Scholfield, C. R. Composition of soybean lecithin. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc 58, 889-892 (1981).
20. Patton, J. S. & Carey, M. C. Inhibition of human pancreatic lipase-colipase activity by mixed bile salt-phospholipid micelles. Am. J. Physiol. 241, G328-36 (1981).
21. Mathiassen, J. H. et al. Emulsifying triglycerides with dairy phospholipids instead of soy lecithin modulates gut lipase activity. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 117, 1522-1539 (2015).
22. Armand, M. et al. Effect of human milk or formula on gastric function and fat digestion in the premature infant. Pediatr. Res. 40, 429-37 (1996).
23. Roman, C. et al. Quantitative and qualitative study of gastric lipolysis in premature infants: do MCT-enriched infant formulas improve fat digestion? Pediatr. Res. 61, 83-8 (2007).
24. Chappell, J. E., Clandinin, M. T., Kearney-Volpe, C., Reichman, B. & Swyer, P. W. Fatty acid balance studies in premature infants fed human milk or formula: effect of calcium supplementation. J. Pediatr. 108, 439-47 (1986).
25. Innis, S. M., Quinlan, P. & Diersen-Schade, D. Saturated fatty acid chain length and positional distribution in infant formula: effects on growth and plasma lipids and ketones in piglets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 382-90 (1993).
26. Chassaing, B. et al. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 519, 92-6 (2015).
27. Drake, D. R., Brogden, K. A., Dawson, D. V. & Wertz, P. W. Thematic review series: skin lipids. Antimicrobial lipids at the skin surface. J. Lipid Res. 49, 4-11 (2008).
28. Sprong, R. C., Hulstein, M. F. & Van der Meer, R. Bactericidal activities of milk lipids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1298-301 (2001).
29. Zentek, J., Buchheit-Renko, S., Männer, K., Pieper, R. & Vahjen, W. Intestinal concentrations of free and encapsulated dietary medium-chain fatty acids and effects on gastric microbial ecology and bacterial metabolic products in the digestive tract of piglets. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 66, 14-26 (2012).
30. van der Hoeven-Hangoor, E. et al. Ileal microbiota composition of broilers fed various commercial diet compositions. Poult. Sci. 92, 2713-23 (2013).
31. Nejrup, R. G. et al. Lipid hydrolysis products affect the composition of infant gut microbial communities in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 114, 63-74 (2015).
32. Silversand, C. & Haux, C. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantification of lipid classes: application to fish lipids. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. Appl. 703, 7-14 (1997).
33. Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-7 (1959).
34. Aveldano, M. & Horrocks, L. Quantitative Release of Fatty-Acids from Lipids by a Simple Hydrolysis Procedure. J. Lipid Res. 24, 1101-1105 (1983).
35. Drachmann, T., Mathiessen, J. H., Pedersen, M. H. & Hellgren, L. I. The source of dietary fatty acids alters the activity of secretory sphingomyelinase in the rat. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 1003-1009 (2007).
36. Iverson, S. J., Lang, S. L. & Cooper, M. H. Comparison of the Bligh and Dyer and Folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range of marine tissue. Lipids 36, 1283-7 (2001).
37. Shantha, N. C. & Decker, E. A. Rapid, sensitive, iron-based spectrophotometric methods for determination of peroxide values of food lipids. J. AOAC Int. 77, 421-4.
38. Armand, M. et al. Physicochemical characteristics of emulsions during fat digestion in human stomach and duodenum. Am. J. Physiol. 271, G172-83 (1996).
39. Christensen, E. G., Licht, T. R., Leser, T. D. & Bahl, M. I. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide stimulates intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli but has limited effect on intestinal integrity in rats. BMC Res. Notes 7, 660 (2014).
40. Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M. & Cole, J. R. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5261-7 (2007).
41. Bernbom, N. et al. Comparison of methods and animal models commonly used for investigation of fecal microbiota: effects of time, host and gender. J. Microbiol. Methods 66, 87-95 (2006).
42. Hirayama, K. Ex-germfree mice harboring intestinal microbiota derived from other animal species as an experimental model for ecology and metabolism of intestinal bacteria. Exp. Anim. 48, 219-27 (1999).
43. Zhang, L. et al. Environmental spread of microbes impacts the development of metabolic phenotypes in mice transplanted with microbial communities from humans. ISME J. doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.151 (2016).
44. Chu, D. M. et al. Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery. Nat. Med. doi:10.1038/nm.4272 (2017).
45. Petschow, B. W., Batema, R. P., Talbott, R. D. & Ford, L. L. Impact of medium-chain monoglycerides on intestinal colonisation by Vibrio cholerae or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Med. Microbiol. 47, 383-9 (1998).
46. Muller, J. A., Ross, R. P., Sybesma, W. F. H., Fitzgerald, G. F. & Stanton, C. Modification of the technical properties of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 by supplementing the growth medium with unsaturated fatty acids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 6889-98 (2011).
47. Partanen, L., Marttinen, N. & Alatossava, T. Fats and fatty acids as growth factors for Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 500-6 (2001).
48. Zarling, E. J. & Ruchim, M. A. Protein origin of the volatile fatty acids isobutyrate and isovalerate in human stool. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 109, 566-70 (1987).
49. Ara, K. et al. Foot odor due to microbial metabolism and its control. Can. J. Microbiol. 52, 357-64 (2006).
50. Siigur, U., Norin, K., Allgood, G., Schlagheck, T. & Midtvedt, T. Concentrations and Correlations of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty-Acids and Fecal Water-Content in Man. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 7, 287-294.
51. Xiao, L. et al. A catalog of the mouse gut metagenome. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 1103-1108 (2015).
52. Sela, D. A. & Mills, D. A. Nursing our microbiota: molecular linkages between bifidobacteria and milk oligosaccharides. Trends Microbiol. 18, 298-307 (2010).
53. Mitsuoka, T. Intestinal flora and human health. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 5, 2-9 (1996).