Sleep in Alzheimer's Disease–Beyond Amyloid

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Volumn 2, Issue , 2017, Pages 4-14

  Holth, Jerrah K ^a   Patel, Tirth K ^a   Holtzman, David M ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alpha synuclein; Alzheimer's disease; Sleep, Amyloid; Tau

Indexed keywords

EID: 85016153840     PISSN: 24519944     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. Aarsland, D., Ballard, C.G., Halliday, G., Are Parkinson's disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies the same entity?. J Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 17 (2004), 137–145.
2. Airaksinen, M.S., Paetau, A., Paljärvi, L., Reinikainen, K., Riekkinen, P., Suomalainen, R., Panula, P., Histamine neurons in human hypothalamus: anatomy in normal and Alzheimer diseased brains. Neuroscience 44 (1991), 465–481.
3. Airaksinen, M.S., Reinikainen, K., Riekkinen, P., Panula, P., Neurofibrillary tangles and histamine-containing neurons in Alzheimer hypothalamus. Agents Actions 33 (1991), 104–107.
4. Anaclet, C., Ferrari, L., Arrigoni, E., Bass, C.E., Saper, C.B., Lu, J., Fuller, P.M., The GABAergic parafacial zone is a medullary slow wave sleep-promoting center. Nat. Neurosci. 17 (2014), 1217–1224.
5. Anderson, K.N., Hatfield, C., Kipps, C., Hastings, M., Hodges, J.R., Disrupted sleep and circadian patterns in frontotemporal dementia. Eur. J Neurol. 16 (2009), 317–323.
6. Bendor, J.T., Logan, T.P., Edwards, R.H., The function of alpha-synuclein. Neuron 79 (2013), 1044–1066.
7. Bertrand, E., Lechowicz, W., Szpak, G.M., Lewandowska, E., Dymecki, J., Wierzba-Bobrowicz, T., Limbic neuropathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease with concomitant dementia. Folia Neuropathol. 42 (2004), 141–150.
8. Bianchetti, A., Scuratti, A., Zanetti, O., Binetti, G., Frisoni, G.B., Magni, E., Trabucchi, M., Predictors of mortality and institutionalization in Alzheimer disease patients 1 year after discharge from an Alzheimer dementia unit. Dementia 6 (1995), 108–112.
9. Bliwise, D.L., Mercaldo, N.D., Avidan, A.Y., Boeve, B.F., Greer, S.A., Kukull, W.A., Sleep disturbance in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter analysis. Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 31 (2011), 239–246.
10. Bliwise, D.L., Tinklenberg, J., Yesavage, J.A., Davies, H., Pursley, A.M., Petta, D.E., Widrow, L., Guilleminault, C., Zarcone, V.P., Dement, W.C., REM latency in Alzheimer's disease. Biol. Psychiatry 25 (1989), 320–328.
11. Boddy, F., Rowan, E.N., Lett, D., O'Brien, J.T., McKeith, I.G., Burn, D.J., Subjectively reported sleep quality and excessive daytime somnolence in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Int. J Geriatr. Psychiatry 22 (2007), 529–535.
12. Boeve, B.F., Silber, M.H., Ferman, T.J., Kokmen, E., Smith, G.E., Ivnik, R.J., Parisi, J.E., Olson, E.J., Petersen, R.C., REM sleep behavior disorder and degenerative dementia: an association likely reflecting Lewy body disease. Neurology 51 (1998), 363–370.
13. Boeve, B.F., Silber, M.H., Ferman, T.J., Lin, S.C., Benarroch, E.E., Schmeichel, A.M., Ahlskog, J.E., Caselli, R.J., Jacobson, S., Sabbagh, M., Adler, C., Woodruff, B., Beach, T.G., Iranzo, A., Gelpi, E., Santamaria, J., Tolosa, E., Singer, C., Mash, D.C., Luca, C., Arnulf, I., Duyckaerts, C., Schenck, C.H., Mahowald, M.W., Dauvilliers, Y., Graff-Radford, N.R., Wszolek, Z.K., Parisi, J.E., Dugger, B., Murray, M.E., Dickson, D.W., Clinicopathologic correlations in 172 cases of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with or without a coexisting neurologic disorder. Sleep. Med 14 (2013), 754–762.
14. Boeve, B.F., Silber, M.H., Ferman, T.J., Lucas, J.A., Parisi, J.E., Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy. Mov. Disord. 16 (2001), 622–630.
15. Bonakis, A., Economou, N.T., Paparrigopoulos, T., Bonanni, E., Maestri, M., Carnicelli, L., Coscio, E. Di, Ktonas, P., Vagiakis, E., Theodoropoulos, P., Papageorgiou, S.G., Sleep in frontotemporal dementia is equally or possibly more disrupted, and at an earlier stage, when compared to sleep in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 38 (2014), 85–91.
16. Bonanni, E., Maestri, M., Tognoni, G., Fabbrini, M., Nucciarone, B., Manca, M.L., Gori, S., Iudice, A., Murri, L., Daytime sleepiness in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and its relationship with cognitive impairment. J Sleep. Res 14 (2005), 311–317.
17. Borroni, B., Agosti, C., Padovani, A., Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia with Lewy-bodies (DLB): frequency and relationship with disease severity and motor impairment. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 46 (2008), 101–106.
18. Braak, H., Del Tredici, K., The pathological process underlying Alzheimer's disease in individuals under thirty. Acta Neuropathol. 121 (2011), 171–181.
19. Braak, H., Thal, D.R., Ghebremedhin, E., Del Tredici, K., Stages of the pathologic process in Alzheimer disease: age categories from 1 to 100 years. J Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 70 (2011), 960–969.
20. Branger, P., Arenaza-Urquijo, E.M., Tomadesso, C., Mézenge, F., André, C., de Flores, R., Mutlu, J., de La Sayette, V., Eustache, F., Chételat, G., Rauchs, G., Relationships between sleep quality and brain volume, metabolism, and amyloid deposition in late adulthood. Neurobiol. Aging 41 (2016), 107–114.
21. Brown, B.M., Rainey-Smith, S.R., Villemagne, V.L., Weinborn, M., Bucks, R.S., Sohrabi, H.R., Laws, S.M., Taddei, K., Macaulay, S.L., Ames, D., Fowler, C., Maruff, P., Masters, C.L., Rowe, C.C., Martins, R.N., Group, A.R., The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Brain Amyloid Burden. Sleep 39 (2016), 1063–1068.
22. Brunnström, H., Friberg, N., Lindberg, E., Englund, E., Differential degeneration of the locus coeruleus in dementia subtypes. Clin. Neuropathol. 30 (2011), 104–110.
23. Busche, M.A., Kekuš, M., Adelsberger, H., Noda, T., Förstl, H., Nelken, I., Konnerth, A., Rescue of long-range circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease models. Nat. Neurosci. 18 (2015), 1623–1630.
24. Cantero, J.L., Hita-Yañez, E., Moreno-Lopez, B., Portillo, F., Rubio, A., Avila, J., Tau protein role in sleep-wake cycle. J Alzheimers Dis. 21 (2010), 411–421.
25. Cermakian, N., Lamont, E.W., Boudreau, P., Boivin, D.B., Circadian clock gene expression in brain regions of Alzheimer's disease patients and control subjects. J Biol. Rhythm. 26 (2011), 160–170.
26. Chen, C.P., Eastwood, S.L., Hope, T., McDonald, B., Francis, P.T., Esiri, M.M., Immunocytochemical study of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in patients with Alzheimer's disease prospectively assessed for behavioural changes. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 26 (2000), 347–355.
27. Cirrito, J.R., Yamada, K.A., Finn, M.B., Sloviter, R.S., Bales, K.R., May, P.C., Schoepp, D.D., Paul, S.M., Mennerick, S., Holtzman, D.M., Synaptic activity regulates interstitial fluid amyloid-beta levels in vivo. Neuron 48 (2005), 913–922.
28. Çoban, A., Bilgiç, B., Lohmann, E., Küçükali, C., Benbir, G., Karadeniz, D., Hanagasi, H.A., Tüzün, E., Gürvit, H., Reduced orexin-A levels in frontotemporal dementia: possible association with sleep disturbance. Am. J Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen 28 (2013), 606–611.
29. Colby-Milley, J., Cavanagh, C., Jego, S., Breitner, J.C., Quirion, R., Adamantidis, A., Sleep-Wake Cycle Dysfunction in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: From Early to Advanced Pathological Stages. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0130177.
30. Di Meco, A., Joshi, Y.B., Praticò, D., Sleep deprivation impairs memory, tau metabolism, and synaptic integrity of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with plaques and tangles. Neurobiol. Aging 35 (2014), 1813–1820.
31. Dickson, D.W., Neuropathologic differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. J Neurol., 246(Suppl 2), 1999 (II6-15).
32. Dickson, D.W., Schmidt, M.L., Lee, V.M., Zhao, M.L., Yen, S.H., Trojanowski, J.Q., Immunoreactivity profile of hippocampal CA2/3 neurites in diffuse Lewy body disease. Acta Neuropathol. 87 (1994), 269–276.
33. Donaghy, P.C., McKeith, I.G., The clinical characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies and a consideration of prodromal diagnosis. Alzheimers Res Ther., 6, 2014, 46.
34. Dugger, B.N., Murray, M.E., Boeve, B.F., Parisi, J.E., Benarroch, E.E., Ferman, T.J., Dickson, D.W., Neuropathological analysis of brainstem cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei in relation to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 38 (2012), 142–152.
35. Dugger, B.N., Tu, M., Murray, M.E., Dickson, D.W., Disease specificity and pathologic progression of tau pathology in brainstem nuclei of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurosci. Lett. 491 (2011), 122–126.
36. Fagan, A.M., Roe, C.M., Xiong, C., Mintun, M.A., Morris, J.C., Holtzman, D.M., Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults. Arch. Neurol. 64 (2007), 343–349.
37. Fantini, M.L., Michaud, M., Gosselin, N., Lavigne, G., Montplaisir, J., Periodic leg movements in REM sleep behavior disorder and related autonomic and EEG activation. Neurology 59 (2002), 1889–1894.
38. Farina, E., Baglio, F., Caffarra, P., Magnani, G., Scarpini, E., Appollonio, I., Bascelli, C., Cheldi, A., Nemni, R., Franceschi, M., Messa, G., Mantovani, F., Bellotti, M., Olivotto, F., Alberoni, M., Isella, V., Regazzoni, R., Schiatti, E., Vismara, C., Falautano, M., Barbieri, A., Restelli, I., Fetoni, V., Donato, M., Zuffi, M., Castiglioni, S., Parkinsonism, I.G. f L.B.D. a D.A. t, Frequency and clinical features of Lewy body dementia in Italian memory clinics. Acta Biomed. 80 (2009), 57–64.
39. Ferman, T.J., Boeve, B.F., Smith, G.E., Lin, S.C., Silber, M.H., Pedraza, O., Wszolek, Z., Graff-Radford, N.R., Uitti, R., Van Gerpen, J., Pao, W., Knopman, D., Pankratz, V.S., Kantarci, K., Boot, B., Parisi, J.E., Dugger, B.N., Fujishiro, H., Petersen, R.C., Dickson, D.W., Inclusion of RBD improves the diagnostic classification of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 77 (2011), 875–882.
40. Fronczek, R., Overeem, S., Lee, S.Y., Hegeman, I.M., van Pelt, J., van Duinen, S.G., Lammers, G.J., Swaab, D.F., Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Parkinson's disease. Brain 130 (2007), 1577–1585.
41. Fronczek, R., van Geest, S., Frölich, M., Overeem, S., Roelandse, F.W., Lammers, G.J., Swaab, D.F., Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 33 (2012), 1642–1650.
42. Fuller, P.M., Fuller, P., Sherman, D., Pedersen, N.P., Saper, C.B., Lu, J., Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system. J Comp. Neurol. 519 (2011), 933–956.
43. Gama, R.L., Távora, D.G., Bomfim, R.C., Silva, C.E., de Bruin, V.M., de Bruin, P.F., Sleep disturbances and brain MRI morphometry in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy–a comparative study. Park. Relat. Disord. 16 (2010), 275–279.
44. Gemignani, A., Pietrini, P., Murrell, J.R., Glazier, B.S., Zolo, P., Guazzelli, M., Ghetti, B., Slow wave and rem sleep mechanisms are differently altered in hereditary pick disease associated with the TAU G389R mutation. Arch. Ital. Biol. 143 (2005), 65–79.
45. German, D.C., White, C.L., Sparkman, D.R., Alzheimer's disease: neurofibrillary tangles in nuclei that project to the cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 21 (1987), 305–312.
46. Gompf, H.S., Mathai, C., Fuller, P.M., Wood, D.A., Pedersen, N.P., Saper, C.B., Lu, J., Locus ceruleus and anterior cingulate cortex sustain wakefulness in a novel environment. J Neurosci. 30 (2010), 14543–14551.
47. Grace, J.B., Walker, M.P., McKeith, I.G., A comparison of sleep profiles in patients with dementia with lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Int. J Geriatr. Psychiatry 15 (2000), 1028–1033.
48. Grinberg, L.T., Rüb, U., Ferretti, R.E., Nitrini, R., Farfel, J.M., Polichiso, L., Gierga, K., Jacob-Filho, W., Heinsen, H., Group, B.B.B.S., The dorsal raphe nucleus shows phospho-tau neurofibrillary changes before the transentorhinal region in Alzheimer's disease. A precocious onset?. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 35 (2009), 406–416.
49. Grudzien, A., Shaw, P., Weintraub, S., Bigio, E., Mash, D.C., Mesulam, M.M., Locus coeruleus neurofibrillary degeneration in aging, mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 28 (2007), 327–335.
50. Guarnieri, B., Adorni, F., Musicco, M., Appollonio, I., Bonanni, E., Caffarra, P., Caltagirone, C., Cerroni, G., Concari, L., Cosentino, F.I., Ferrara, S., Fermi, S., Ferri, R., Gelosa, G., Lombardi, G., Mazzei, D., Mearelli, S., Morrone, E., Murri, L., Nobili, F.M., Passero, S., Perri, R., Rocchi, R., Sucapane, P., Tognoni, G., Zabberoni, S., Sorbi, S., Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: a multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients. Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 33 (2012), 50–58.
51. Hahn, E.A., Wang, H.X., Andel, R., Fratiglioni, L., A Change in Sleep Pattern May Predict Alzheimer Disease. Am. J Geriatr. Psychiatry, 2013.
52. Hamilton, R.L., Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol. 10 (2000), 378–384.
53. Harding, A.J., Halliday, G.M., Cortical Lewy body pathology in the diagnosis of dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 102 (2001), 355–363.
54. Harper, D.G., Stopa, E.G., Kuo-Leblanc, V., McKee, A.C., Asayama, K., Volicer, L., Kowall, N., Satlin, A., Dorsomedial SCN neuronal subpopulations subserve different functions in human dementia. Brain 131 (2008), 1609–1617.
55. Harper, D.G., Stopa, E.G., McKee, A.C., Satlin, A., Fish, D., Volicer, L., Dementia severity and Lewy bodies affect circadian rhythms in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol. Aging 25 (2004), 771–781.
56. Harper, D.G., Volicer, L., Stopa, E.G., McKee, A.C., Nitta, M., Satlin, A., Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythm in aging and Alzheimer disease. Am. J Geriatr. Psychiatry 13 (2005), 359–368.
57. Heneka, M.T., Ramanathan, M., Jacobs, A.H., Dumitrescu-Ozimek, L., Bilkei-Gorzo, A., Debeir, T., Sastre, M., Galldiks, N., Zimmer, A., Hoehn, M., Heiss, W.D., Klockgether, T., Staufenbiel, M., Locus ceruleus degeneration promotes Alzheimer pathogenesis in amyloid precursor protein 23 transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 26 (2006), 1343–1354.
58. Hibi, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Umeda-Kameyama, Y., Yamamoto, H., Iijima, K., Momose, T., Akishita, M., Ouchi, Y., The high frequency of periodic limb movements in patients with Lewy body dementia. J Psychiatr. Res 46 (2012), 1590–1594.
59. Holtzman, D.M., Morris, J.C., Goate, A.M., Alzheimer's disease: the challenge of the second century. Sci. Transl. Med, 3, 2011, 77sr1.
60. Huang, Y., Potter, R., Sigurdson, W., Santacruz, A., Shih, S., Ju, Y.E., Kasten, T., Morris, J.C., Mintun, M., Duntley, S., Bateman, R.J., Effects of age and amyloid deposition on Aβ dynamics in the human central nervous system. Arch. Neurol. 69 (2012), 51–58.
61. Huitrón-Reséndiz, S., Sánchez-Alavez, M., Gallegos, R., Berg, G., Crawford, E., Giacchino, J.L., Games, D., Henriksen, S.J., Criado, J.R., Age-independent and age-related deficits in visuospatial learning, sleep-wake states, thermoregulation and motor activity in PDAPP mice. Brain Res 928 (2002), 126–137.
62. Iraizoz, I., Guijarro, J.L., Gonzalo, L.M., de Lacalle, S., Neuropathological changes in the nucleus basalis correlate with clinical measures of dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 98 (1999), 186–196.
63. Iranzo, A., Gelpi, E., Tolosa, E., Molinuevo, J.L., Serradell, M., Gaig, C., Santamaria, J., Neuropathology of prodromal Lewy body disease. Mov. Disord., 29, 2014 410-5.
64. Iranzo, A., Molinuevo, J.L., Santamaría, J., Serradell, M., Martí, M.J., Valldeoriola, F., Tolosa, E., Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study. Lancet Neurol. 5 (2006), 572–577.
65. Iranzo, A., Tolosa, E., Gelpi, E., Molinuevo, J.L., Valldeoriola, F., Serradell, M., Sanchez-Valle, R., Vilaseca, I., Lomeña, F., Vilas, D., Lladó, A., Gaig, C., Santamaria, J., Neurodegenerative disease status and post-mortem pathology in idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 12 (2013), 443–453.
66. Jack, C.R., Holtzman, D.M., Biomarker modeling of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 80 (2013), 1347–1358.
67. Ju, Y.E., Lucey, B.P., Holtzman, D.M., Sleep and Alzheimer disease pathology–a bidirectional relationship. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 10 (2014), 115–119.
68. Ju, Y.E., McLeland, J.S., Toedebusch, C.D., Xiong, C., Fagan, A.M., Duntley, S.P., Morris, J.C., Holtzman, D.M., Sleep quality and preclinical Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 70 (2013), 587–593.
69. Jyoti, A., Plano, A., Riedel, G., Platt, B., Progressive age-related changes in sleep and EEG profiles in the PLB1Triple mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 36 (2015), 2768–2784.
70. Kang, J.E., Lim, M.M., Bateman, R.J., Lee, J.J., Smyth, L.P., Cirrito, J.R., Fujiki, N., Nishino, S., Holtzman, D.M., Amyloid-beta dynamics are regulated by orexin and the sleep-wake cycle. Science 326 (2009), 1005–1007.
71. Kerbler, G.M., Fripp, J., Rowe, C.C., Villemagne, V.L., Salvado, O., Rose, S., Coulson, E.J., Initiative, A. s D.N., Basal forebrain atrophy correlates with amyloid β burden in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin. 7 (2015), 105–113.
72. Koss, D.J., Robinson, L., Drever, B.D., Plucińska, K., Stoppelkamp, S., Veselcic, P., Riedel, G., Platt, B., Mutant Tau knock-in mice display frontotemporal dementia relevant behaviour and histopathology. Neurobiol. Dis. 91 (2016), 105–123.
73. Krenzer, M., Anaclet, C., Vetrivelan, R., Wang, N., Vong, L., Lowell, B.B., Fuller, P.M., Lu, J., Brainstem and spinal cord circuitry regulating REM sleep and muscle atonia. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e24998.
74. Kundermann, B., Thum, A., Rocamora, R., Haag, A., Krieg, J.C., Hemmeter, U., Comparison of polysomnographic variables and their relationship to cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. J Psychiatr. Res 45 (2011), 1585–1592.
75. Lessig, S., Ubhi, K., Galasko, D., Adame, A., Pham, E., Remidios, K., Chang, M., Hansen, L.A., Masliah, E., Reduced hypocretin (orexin) levels in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuroreport 21 (2010), 756–760.
76. Leverenz, J.B., Fishel, M.A., Peskind, E.R., Montine, T.J., Nochlin, D., Steinbart, E., Raskind, M.A., Schellenberg, G.D., Bird, T.D., Tsuang, D., Lewy body pathology in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for disease- and mutation-specific pathologic phenotype. Arch. Neurol. 63 (2006), 370–376.
77. Liguori, C., Romigi, A., Mercuri, N.B., Nuccetelli, M., Izzi, F., Albanese, M., Sancesario, G., Martorana, A., Sancesario, G.M., Bernardini, S., Marciani, M.G., Placidi, F., Cerebrospinal-fluid orexin levels and daytime somnolence in frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol. 261 (2014), 1832–1836.
78. Liguori, C., Romigi, A., Nuccetelli, M., Zannino, S., Sancesario, G., Martorana, A., Albanese, M., Mercuri, N.B., Izzi, F., Bernardini, S., Nitti, A., Sancesario, G.M., Sica, F., Marciani, M.G., Placidi, F., Orexinergic system dysregulation, sleep impairment, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 71 (2014), 1498–1505.
79. Lim, A.S., Ellison, B.A., Wang, J.L., Yu, L., Schneider, J.A., Buchman, A.S., Bennett, D.A., Saper, C.B., Sleep is related to neuron numbers in the ventrolateral preoptic/intermediate nucleus in older adults with and without Alzheimer's disease. Brain 137 (2014), 2847–2861.
80. Lim, A.S., Kowgier, M., Yu, L., Buchman, A.S., Bennett, D.A., Sleep Fragmentation and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons. Sleep 36 (2013), 1027–1032.
81. Lim, M.M., Gerstner, J.R., Holtzman, D.M., The sleep-wake cycle and Alzheimer's disease: what do we know?. Neurodegener. Dis. Manag 4 (2014), 351–362.
82. Lippa, C.F., Fujiwara, H., Mann, D.M., Giasson, B., Baba, M., Schmidt, M.L., Nee, L.E., O'Connell, B., Pollen, D.A., George-Hyslop, P. St, Ghetti, B., Nochlin, D., Bird, T.D., Cairns, N.J., Lee, V.M., Iwatsubo, T., Trojanowski, J.Q., Lewy bodies contain altered alpha-synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer's disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes. Am. J Pathol. 153 (1998), 1365–1370.
83. Lippa, C.F., Knopman, D.S., Dementia: many roads, but not built in a day. Neurology 69 (2007), 2193–2194.
84. Lu, J., Sherman, D., Devor, M., Saper, C.B., A putative flip-flop switch for control of REM sleep. Nature 441 (2006), 589–594.
85. Mattsson, N., Zetterberg, H., Hansson, O., Andreasen, N., Parnetti, L., Jonsson, M., Herukka, S.K., van der Flier, W.M., Blankenstein, M.A., Ewers, M., Rich, K., Kaiser, E., Verbeek, M., Tsolaki, M., Mulugeta, E., Rosén, E., Aarsland, D., Visser, P.J., Schröder, J., Marcusson, J., de Leon, M., Hampel, H., Scheltens, P., Pirttilä, T., Wallin, A., Jönhagen, M.E., Minthon, L., Winblad, B., Blennow, K., CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. JAMA 302 (2009), 385–393.
86. McKeith, I.G., Spectrum of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Neurol. Clin. 18 (2000), 865–902.
87. McKeith, I.G., Dickson, D.W., Lowe, J., Emre, M., O'Brien, J.T., Feldman, H., Cummings, J., Duda, J.E., Lippa, C., Perry, E.K., Aarsland, D., Arai, H., Ballard, C.G., Boeve, B., Burn, D.J., Costa, D., Ser, T. Del, Dubois, B., Galasko, D., Gauthier, S., Goetz, C.G., Gomez-Tortosa, E., Halliday, G., Hansen, L.A., Hardy, J., Iwatsubo, T., Kalaria, R.N., Kaufer, D., Kenny, R.A., Korczyn, A., Kosaka, K., Lee, V.M., Lees, A., Litvan, I., Londos, E., Lopez, O.L., Minoshima, S., Mizuno, Y., Molina, J.A., Mukaetova-Ladinska, E.B., Pasquier, F., Perry, R.H., Schulz, J.B., Trojanowski, J.Q., Yamada, M., DLB, C. o, Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 65 (2005), 1863–1872.
88. Mesulam, M., Shaw, P., Mash, D., Weintraub, S., Cholinergic nucleus basalis tauopathy emerges early in the aging-MCI-AD continuum. Ann. Neurol. 55 (2004), 815–828.
89. Moe, K.E., Vitiello, M.V., Larsen, L.H., Prinz, P.N., Symposium: Cognitive processes and sleep disturbances: Sleep/wake patterns in Alzheimer's disease: relationships with cognition and function. J Sleep. Res 4 (1995), 15–20.
90. Montplaisir, J., Petit, D., Décary, A., Masson, H., Bédard, M.A., Panisset, M., Rémillard, G., Gauthier, S., Sleep and quantitative EEG in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 49 (1997), 999–1003.
91. Moran, M., Lynch, C.A., Walsh, C., Coen, R., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B.A., Sleep disturbance in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Sleep. Med 6 (2005), 347–352.
92. Musiek, E.S., Xiong, D.D., Holtzman, D.M., Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Exp. Mol. Med, 47, 2015, e148.
93. Nakamura, S., Takemura, M., Ohnishi, K., Suenaga, T., Nishimura, M., Akiguchi, I., Kimura, J., Kimura, T., Loss of large neurons and occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles in the tuberomammillary nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 151 (1993), 196–199.
94. Ooms, S., Overeem, S., Besse, K., Rikkert, M.O., Verbeek, M., Claassen, J.A., Effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 42 in healthy middle-aged men: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 71 (2014), 971–977.
95. Osorio, R.S., Ducca, E.L., Wohlleber, M.E., Tanzi, E.B., Gumb, T., Twumasi, A., Tweardy, S., Lewis, C., Fischer, E., Koushyk, V., Cuartero-Toledo, M., Sheikh, M.O., Pirraglia, E., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Lu, S.E., Mosconi, L., Glodzik, L., Schuetz, S., Varga, A.W., Ayappa, I., Rapoport, D.M., de Leon, M.J., Orexin-A is Associated With Increases in Cerebrospinal Fluid Phosphorylated-Tau in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects. Sleep, 2016.
96. Pan, X.D., Chen, X.C., Clinic, neuropathology and molecular genetics of frontotemporal dementia: a mini-review. Transl. Neurodegener., 2, 2013, 8.
97. Parvizi, J., Van Hoesen, G.W., Damasio, A., Selective pathological changes of the periaqueductal gray matter in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 48 (2000), 344–353.
98. Parvizi, J., Van Hoesen, G.W., Damasio, A., The selective vulnerability of brainstem nuclei to Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 49 (2001), 53–66.
99. Peter-Derex, L., Yammine, P., Bastuji, H., Croisile, B., Sleep and Alzheimer's disease. Sleep. Med Rev. 19 (2015), 29–38.
100. Petit, D., Gagnon, J.F., Fantini, M.L., Ferini-Strambi, L., Montplaisir, J., Sleep and quantitative EEG in neurodegenerative disorders. J Psychosom. Res 56 (2004), 487–496.
101. Pistacchi, M., Gioulis, M., Contin, F., Sanson, F., Marsala, S.Z., Sleep disturbance and cognitive disorder: epidemiological analysis in a cohort of 263 patients. Neurol. Sci. 35 (2014), 1955–1962.
102. Platt, B., Drever, B., Koss, D., Stoppelkamp, S., Jyoti, A., Plano, A., Utan, A., Merrick, G., Ryan, D., Melis, V., Wan, H., Mingarelli, M., Porcu, E., Scrocchi, L., Welch, A., Riedel, G., Abnormal cognition, sleep, EEG and brain metabolism in a novel knock-in Alzheimer mouse, PLB1. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e27068.
103. Postuma, R.B., Gagnon, J.F., Vendette, M., Fantini, M.L., Massicotte-Marquez, J., Montplaisir, J., Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 72 (2009), 1296–1300.
104. Pressman, P.S., Miller, B.L., Diagnosis and management of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Biol. Psychiatry 75 (2014), 574–581.
105. Rogers, J.D., Brogan, D., Mirra, S.S., The nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurological disease: a quantitative morphological study. Ann. Neurol. 17 (1985), 163–170.
106. Roh, J.H., Huang, Y., Bero, A.W., Kasten, T., Stewart, F.R., Bateman, R.J., Holtzman, D.M., Disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and diurnal fluctuation of β-amyloid in mice with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Sci. Transl. Med, 4, 2012, 150ra122.
107. Rüb, U., Del Tredici, K., Schultz, C., Thal, D.R., Braak, E., Braak, H., The evolution of Alzheimer's disease-related cytoskeletal pathology in the human raphe nuclei. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 26 (2000), 553–567.
108. Sanchez-Espinosa, M.P., Atienza, M., Cantero, J.L., Sleep deficits in mild cognitive impairment are related to increased levels of plasma amyloid-β and cortical thinning. Neuroimage 98 (2014), 395–404.
109. Saper, C.B., Fuller, P.M., Pedersen, N.P., Lu, J., Scammell, T.E., Sleep state switching. Neuron 68 (2010), 1023–1042.
110. Saper, C.B., Scammell, T.E., Lu, J., Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature 437 (2005), 1257–1263.
111. Schenck, C.H., Boeve, B.F., Mahowald, M.W., Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder or dementia in 81% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a 16-year update on a previously reported series. Sleep. Med 14 (2013), 744–748.
112. Schenck, C.H., Bundlie, S.R., Mahowald, M.W., Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neurology 46 (1996), 388–393.
113. Schneider, F., Baldauf, K., Wetzel, W., Reymann, K.G., Behavioral and EEG changes in male 5xFAD mice. Physiol. Behav. 135 (2014), 25–33.
114. Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M.P., Masliah, E., Hyman, B.T., Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med, 1, 2011, a006189.
115. Sethi, M., Joshi, S.S., Webb, R.L., Beckett, T.L., Donohue, K.D., Murphy, M.P., O'Hara, B.F., Duncan, M.J., Increased fragmentation of sleep-wake cycles in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 290 (2015), 80–89.
116. Slats, D., Claassen, J.A., Lammers, G.J., Melis, R.J., Verbeek, M.M., Overeem, S., Association between hypocretin-1 and amyloid-β42 cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Curr. Alzheimer Res 9 (2012), 1119–1125.
117. Song, H., Moon, M., Choe, H.K., Han, D.H., Jang, C., Kim, A., Cho, S., Kim, K., Mook-Jung, I., Aβ-induced degradation of BMAL1 and CBP leads to circadian rhythm disruption in Alzheimer's disease. Mol. Neurodegener., 10, 2015, 13.
118. Spira, A.P., Gamaldo, A.A., An, Y., Wu, M.N., Simonsick, E.M., Bilgel, M., Zhou, Y., Wong, D.F., Ferrucci, L., Resnick, S.M., Self-reported sleep and β-amyloid deposition in community-dwelling older adults. JAMA Neurol. 70 (2013), 1537–1543.
119. Standaert, D.G., Lee, V.M., Greenberg, B.D., Lowery, D.E., Trojanowski, J.Q., Molecular features of hypothalamic plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J Pathol. 139 (1991), 681–691.
120. Stern, A.L., Naidoo, N., Wake-active neurons across aging and neurodegeneration: a potential role for sleep disturbances in promoting disease. Springerplus, 4, 2015, 25.
121. Sterniczuk, R., Dyck, R.H., Laferla, F.M., Antle, M.C., Characterization of the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: part 1. Circadian changes. Brain Res 1348 (2010), 139–148.
122. Stopa, E.G., Volicer, L., Kuo-Leblanc, V., Harper, D., Lathi, D., Tate, B., Satlin, A., Pathologic evaluation of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in severe dementia. J Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 58 (1999), 29–39.
123. Stratmann, K., Heinsen, H., Korf, H.W., Del Turco, D., Ghebremedhin, E., Seidel, K., Bouzrou, M., Grinberg, L.T., Bohl, J., Wharton, S.B., den Dunnen, W., Rüb, U., Precortical Phase of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-Related Tau Cytoskeletal Pathology. Brain Pathol. 26 (2016), 371–386.
124. Tabuchi, M., Lone, S.R., Liu, S., Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Spira, A.P., Wu, M.N., Sleep interacts with aβ to modulate intrinsic neuronal excitability. Curr. Biol. 25 (2015), 702–712.
125. Terzaghi, M., Arnaldi, D., Rizzetti, M.C., Minafra, B., Cremascoli, R., Rustioni, V., Zangaglia, R., Pasotti, C., Sinforiani, E., Pacchetti, C., Manni, R., Analysis of video-polysomnographic sleep findings in dementia with Lewy bodies. Mov. Disord. 28 (2013), 1416–1423.
126. Tsuboi, Y., Dickson, D.W., Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia: are they different?. Park. Relat. Disord. 11:Suppl 1 (2005), S47–S51.
127. Uchiyama, M., Isse, K., Tanaka, K., Yokota, N., Hamamoto, M., Aida, S., Ito, Y., Yoshimura, M., Okawa, M., Incidental Lewy body disease in a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 45 (1995), 709–712.
128. Vitiello, M.V., Prinz, P.N., Williams, D.E., Frommlet, M.S., Ries, R.K., Sleep disturbances in patients with mild-stage Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol. 45 (1990), M131–M138.
129. Volicer, L., Harper, D.G., Manning, B.C., Goldstein, R., Satlin, A., Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J Psychiatry 158 (2001), 704–711.
130. Walker, M.P., Ayre, G.A., Cummings, J.L., Wesnes, K., McKeith, I.G., O'Brien, J.T., Ballard, C.G., Quantifying fluctuation in dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. Neurology 54 (2000), 1616–1625.
131. Wilson, R.S., Nag, S., Boyle, P.A., Hizel, L.P., Yu, L., Buchman, A.S., Schneider, J.A., Bennett, D.A., Neural reserve, neuronal density in the locus ceruleus, and cognitive decline. Neurology 80 (2013), 1202–1208.
132. Wisor, J.P., Edgar, D.M., Yesavage, J., Ryan, H.S., McCormick, C.M., Lapustea, N., Murphy, G.M., Sleep and circadian abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a role for cholinergic transmission. Neuroscience 131 (2005), 375–385.
133. Wu, Y.H., Feenstra, M.G., Zhou, J.N., Liu, R.Y., Toranõ, J.S., Van Kan, H.J., Fischer, D.F., Ravid, R., Swaab, D.F., Molecular changes underlying reduced pineal melatonin levels in Alzheimer disease: alterations in preclinical and clinical stages. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (2003), 5898–5906.
134. Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M.J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., O'Donnell, J., Christensen, D.J., Nicholson, C., Iliff, J.J., Takano, T., Deane, R., Nedergaard, M., Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science 342 (2013), 373–377.
135. Yamada, K., Holth, J.K., Liao, F., Stewart, F.R., Mahan, T.E., Jiang, H., Cirrito, J.R., Patel, T.K., Hochgräfe, K., Mandelkow, E.M., Holtzman, D.M., Neuronal activity regulates extracellular tau in vivo. J Exp. Med 211 (2014), 387–393.
136. Zhang, B., Veasey, S.C., Wood, M.A., Leng, L.Z., Kaminski, C., Leight, S., Abel, T., Lee, V.M., Trojanowski, J.Q., Impaired rapid eye movement sleep in the Tg2576 APP murine model of Alzheimer's disease with injury to pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. Am. J Pathol. 167 (2005), 1361–1369.
137. Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Zhan, G., Fenik, P., Panossian, L., Wang, M.M., Reid, S., Lai, D., Davis, J.G., Baur, J.A., Veasey, S., Extended wakefulness: compromised metabolics in and degeneration of locus ceruleus neurons. J Neurosci. 34 (2014), 4418–4431.