Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Volumn 519, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 933-956

  Fuller, Patrick ^a   Sherman, David ^a   Pedersen, Nigel P ^a   Saper, Clifford B ^a   Lu, Jun ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Basal forebrain; Coma; Parabrachial; Sleep; Thalamus

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMIC ACID; PROTEIN C FOS;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN STEM; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FOREBRAIN; LOCUS CERULEUS; MALE; MONOAMINERGIC SYSTEM; NERVE CELL LESION; NONHUMAN; PARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS; PERIKARYON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; RETICULAR FORMATION; SENSORY NERVE; THALAMUS; WAKEFULNESS;

ANIMALS; AROUSAL; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID AGONISTS; HUMANS; IBOTENIC ACID; MALE; NEURAL PATHWAYS; PROSENCEPHALON; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-FOS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SLEEP; THALAMUS; VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORT PROTEIN 2; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 79251573547     PISSN: 00219967     EISSN: 10969861     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cne.22559     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Adametz JH. 1959. Rate of recovery of functioning in cats with rostral reticular lesions; an experimental study. J Neurosurg 16: 85-97.
2. Adams JH, Graham DI, Murray LS, Scott G. 1982. Diffuse axonal injury due to nonmissile head injury in humans: an analysis of 45 cases. Ann Neurol 12: 557-563.
3. Batini C, Moruzzi G, Palestini M, Rossi, GF, Zanchetti A. 1959. Effects of complete pontine transections on the sleep-wakefulness rhythm: the midpontine pretri-geminal preparation. Arch Ital Biol 97: 1-12.
4. Berntson GG, Shafi R, Sarter M. 2002. Specific contributions of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system to electroencephalographic activity and sleep/waking behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 16: 2453-2461.
5. Berridge CW, Foote SL. 1996. Enhancement of behavioral and electroencephalographic indices of waking following stimulation of noradrenergic beta-receptors within the medial septal region of the basal forebrain. J Neurosci 16: 6999-7009.
6. Blanco-Centurion C, Xu M, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Gerashchenko D, Shiromani AM, Salin-Pascual RJ, Hof PR, Shiromani PJ. 2006. Adenosine and sleep homeostasis in the basal forebrain. J Neurosci 26: 8092-100.
7. Blanco-Centurion C, Gerashchenko D, Shiromani PJ. 2007. Effects of saporin-induced lesions of three arousal populations on daily levels of sleep and wake. J Neurosci 27: 14041-14048.
8. Blumbergs, PC, Jones NR, North JB. 1989. Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52: 838-841.
9. Bremer F. 1935. Cerveau isole et physiologie du sommeil. CR Soc Biol (Paris) 118: 1235-1242.
10. Buzsaki G, Bickford RG, Ponomareff G, Thal LJ, Mandel R, Gage FH. 1998. Nucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat. J Neurosci 8: 4007-4026.
11. Cape EG, Jones BE. 2000. Effects of glutamate agonist versus procaine microinjections into the basal forebrain cholinergic cell area upon gamma and theta EEG activity and sleep-wake state. Eur J Neurosci 12: 2166-2184.
12. Chen CT, Dun SL, Kwok EH, Dun NJ, Chang JK. 1999. Orexin A-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett 260: 161-164
13. Chou TC, Bjorkum AA, Gaus SE, Lu J, Scammell TE, Saper CB. 2002. Afferents to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. J Neurosci 22: 977-990.
14. Chou TC, Scammell TE, Gooley JJ, Gaus SE, Saper CB, Lu J. 2003. Critical role of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms. J Neurosci 23: 10691-10702
15. Datta S, Hobson JA. 1995. Suppression of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves by neurotoxic lesions of pontine caudo-lateral peribrachial cells. Neuroscience 67: 703-712.
16. Datta S, Maclean RR. 2007. Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep-wake behavior: reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31: 775-824.
17. Datta S, Siwek DF. 2002. Single cell activity patterns of pedunculopontine tegmentum neurons across the sleep-wake cycle in the freely moving rats. J Neurosci Res 70: 611-621.
18. Denoyer M, Sallanon M, Buda C, Kitahama K, Jouvet M. 1991. Neurotoxic lesion of the mesencephalic reticular formation and/or the posterior hypothalamus does not alter waking in the cat. Brain Res 539: 287-303.
19. Dringenberg HC, Olmstead MC. 2003. Integrated contributions of basal forebrain and thalamus to neocortical activation elicited by pedunculopontine tegmental stimulation in urethane-anesthetized rats. Neuroscience 119: 839-53.
20. Ericson H, Blomqvist A. 1988. Tracing of neuronal connections with cholera toxin subunit B: light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. J Neurosci Methods 24: 225-235.
21. Fuller, PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. 2006. Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 21: 482-493.
22. Fulwiler, CE, Saper, CB. 1984. Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 319: 229-259.
23. Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Adams JH, Graham DI, Thompson CJ, Marcincin RP. 1982. Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann Neurol 12: 564-574.
24. Gerashchenko D, Kohls MD, Greco M, Waleh NS, Salin-Pascual R, Kilduff TS, Lappi DA, Shiromani PJ. 2001. Hypocretin-2-saporin lesions of the lateral hypothalamus produce narcoleptic-like sleep behavior in the rat. J Neurosci 21: 7273-7283.
25. Gilbert KA, Lydic R. 1990. Parabrachial neuron discharge in the cat is altered during the carbachol-induced REM sleep-like state (DCarb). Neurosci Lett 120: 241-244.
26. González-Cuello A, Milanés MV, Laorden ML. 2004. Increase of tyrosine hydroxylase levels and activity during morphine withdrawal in the heart. Eur J Pharmacol 506: 119-128.
27. Gooley JJ, Schomer A, Saper CB. 2006. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms. Nat Neurosci 9: 398-407.
28. Grove EA. 1988. Neural associations of the substantia innominata in the rat: afferent connections. J Comp Neurol 277: 315-346.
29. Hasenstaub A, Shu Y, Haider B, Kraushaar U, Duque A, McCormick DA. 2005. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials carry synchronized frequency information in active cortical networks. Neuron 47: 423-35.
30. Jones BE. 2003. Arousal systems. Front Biosci 8: s438-451.
31. Jones BE, Cuello AC. 1989. Afferents to the basal forebrain cholinergic cell area from pontomesencephalic-catecholamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine-neurons. Neuroscience 31: 37-61.
32. Jones BE, Yang TZ. 1985. The efferent projections from the reticular formation and the locus coeruleus studied by anterograde and retrograde axonal transport in the rat. J Comp Neurol 242: 56-92.
33. Kampfl A, Franz G, Aichner F. 1998. The persistent vegetative state after closed head injury: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 42 patients. J Neurosurg 88: 809-816.
34. Kapas L, Obal F Jr, Book AA, Schweitzer JB, Wiley RG, Krueger JM. 1996. The effects of immunolesions of nerve growth factor-receptive neurons by 192 IgG-saporin on sleep. Brain Res 712: 53-59.
35. Kaur S, Junek A, Black MA, Semba K. 2008. Effects of ibotenate and 192IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata on spontaneous sleep and wake states and on recovery sleep after sleep deprivation in rats. J Neurosci 28: 491-504.
36. Krout, KE, Loewy, AD. 2000. Parabrachial nucleus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat. J Comp Neurol 428: 475-494.
37. Lee MG, Manns ID, Alonso A, Jones BE. 2004. Sleep-wake related discharge properties of basal forebrain neurons recorded with micropipettes in head-fixed rats. J Neurophysiol 92: 1182-1189.
38. Lee MG, Hassani OK, Alonso A, Jones BE. 2005. Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons burst with theta during waking and paradoxical sleep. J Neurosci 25: 4365-4369.
39. Lindsley, DB, Bowden, J., Magoun, HW. 1949. Effect upon the EEG of acute injury to the brain stem activating system. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1: 475-486.
40. Llinas RR, Steriade M. 2006. Bursting of thalamic neurons and states of vigilance. J Neurophysiol 95: 3297-3308.
41. Lu J, Bjorkum AA, Xu M, Gaus SE, Shiromani PJ, Saper CB. 2002. Selective activation of the extended ventrolateral preoptic nucleus during rapid eye movement sleep. J Neurosci 22: 4568-4576.
42. Lu J, Jhou TC, Saper CB. 2006a. Identification of wake-active dopaminergic neurons in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter. J Neurosci 26: 193-202.
43. Lu J, Sherman D, Devor M, Saper CB. 2006b. A putative flip-flop switch for control of REM sleep. Nature 441: 589-594.
44. Lu J, Nelson LE, Franks N, Maze M, Chamberlin NL, Saper CB. 2008. Role of endogenous sleep-wake and analgesic systems in anesthesia. J Comp Neurol 508: 648-662.
45. Manford M, Andermann F. 1998. Complex visual hallucinations. Clinical and neurobiological insights. Brain 121: 1819-1840
46. Moga MM, Herbert H, Hurley KM, Yasui Y, Gray TS, Saper CB. 1990. Organization of cortical, basal forebrain, and hypothalamic afferents to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. J Comp Neurol 295: 624-661.
47. Moruzzi G, Magoun H. 1949. Brain stem reticular formation and activation othe EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1: 455-473.
48. Munk MH, Roelfsema PR, Konig P, Engel AK, Singer W. 1996. Role of reticular activation in the modulation of intracortical synchronization. Science 272: 271-274.
49. Nauta WJH. 1946. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep in rats. An experimental study. J Neurophysiol 9: 285-314.
50. Nauta WJH, Kuypers HGJM. 1958. Some ascending pathways in the brainstem reticular formation. In: Jasper H, ed. The reticular formation of the brain. Boston: Little Brown. p 3-30.
51. Parvizi J, Damasio AR. 2003. Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma. Brain 126: 1524-36.
52. Paxinos G, Watson C. 1998. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, edition 4. San Diego, CA: Academic.
53. Posner JB, Saper CB, Schiff ND, Plum F. 2007. Diagnosis of stupor and coma, 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. p 29-34.
54. Ranson SW. 1939. Somnolence caused by hypothalamic lesions in monkeys. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 41: 1-23.
55. Saper CB. 1982. Reciprocal parabrachial-cortical connections in the rat. Brain Res 242: 33-40.
56. Saper CB. 1984. Organization of cerebral cortical afferent systems in the rat. II. Magnocellular basal nucleus. J Comp Neurol 222: 313-342.
57. Saper CB, Loewy AD. 1980. Efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 197: 291-317.
58. Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. 2005. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature 437: 1257-1263.
59. Sherin JE, Elmquist JK, Torrealba F, Saper CB. 1998. Innervation of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons by GABAergic and galaninergic neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the rat. J Neurosci 18: 4705-4721.
60. Shigemori M, Kikuchi N, Tokutomi T, Ochiai S, Kuramoto S. Coexisting diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and outcome of severe head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 55: 37-39.
61. Shouse MN, Siegel JM. 1992. Pontine regulation of REM sleep components in cats: integrity of the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) is important for phasic events but unnecessary for atonia during REM sleep. Brain Res 571: 50-63.
62. Sieck GC, Harper RM. 1980. Discharge of neurons in the parabrachial pons related to the cardiac cycle: changes during different sleep-waking states. Brain Res 199: 385-99.
63. Siegel J. 2004. Brain mechanisms that control sleep and waking. Naturwissenschaften 8: 355-365.
64. Smith HR, Pang KC. 2005. Orexin-saporin lesions of the medial septum impair spatial memory. Neuroscience 132: 261-271.
65. Starzl TE, Taylor CW, Magoun HW. 1951. Ascending conduction in reticular activating system, with special reference to the diencephalon. J Neurophysiol 14: 461-477.
66. Steriade M, Datta S, Pare D, Oakson G, Curro Dossi, RC. 1990. Neuronal activation in brain-stem cholinergic nuclei related to tonic activation processes in thalamocortical systems. J Neurosci 10: 2541-2559.
67. Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ. 1993. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science 262: 679-685.
68. Vanderwolf CH, Stewart DJ. 1998. Thalamic control of neocortical activation: a critical re-evaluation. Brain Res Bull 20: 529-538.
69. Villablanca J, Salinas-Zeballos ME. 1972. Sleep-wakefulness, EEG and behavioral studies of chronic cats without the thalamus: the 'athalamic' cat. Arch Ital Biol. 110: 383-411.
70. Webster HH, Jones BE. 1988. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsolateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum-cholinergic cell area in the cat. II. Effects upon sleep-waking states. Brain Res. 458: 285-302.
71. Wenk GL, Stoehr JD, Quintana G, Mobley S, Wiley RG. 1994. Behavioral, biochemical, histological, and electrophysiological effects of 192 IgG-saporin injections into the basal forebrain of rats. J Neurosci 14: 5986-5995.
72. Xu C, Datta S, Wu M, Alreja M. 2004. Hippocampal theta rhythm is reduced by suppression of the H-current in septohippocampal GABAergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci 19: 2299-309.
73. Yokota S, Oka T, Tsumori T, Nakamura S, Yasui Y. 2007. Glutamatergic neurons in the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus project to the rostral ventral respiratory group and phrenic nucleus. A combined retrograde tracing and in situ hybridization study in the rat. Neurosci Res 59: 342-346.
74. Zaborszky L, Buhl DL, Pobalashingham S, Bjaalie JG, Nadasdy Z. 2005. Three-dimensional chemoarchitecture of the basal forebrain: spatially specific association of cholinergic and calcium binding protein-containing neurons. Neuroscience 136: 697-713.