메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 9, 2017, Pages 1906-1921

Influence of phytosterol and phytostanol food supplementation on plasma liposoluble vitamins and provitamin A carotenoid levels in humans: An updated review of the evidence

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease risk; intervention studies; liposoluble vitamins; Phytosterol and phytostanol enriched foods; provitamin A carotenoids

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOLS; BIOCHEMISTRY; CHOLESTEROL; FOOD ADDITIVES; PIGMENTS; PLASMA SHOCK WAVES; RISK PERCEPTION;

EID: 85014952657     PISSN: 10408398     EISSN: 15497852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1033611     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 85014937513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation. Avis lié à l'Evaluation du risque et du bénéfice liés à la consommation de produits alimentaires enrichis en phytostérols ou en phytostanols (Saisine n°2010-SA-0057 «Phytostérols») 2014; Maison-Alfort. p. 41–46.
    • (2014) , pp. 41-46
  • 2
    • 11144282546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term compliance and changes in plasma lipids, plant sterols and carotenoids in children and parents with FH consuming plant sterol ester-enriched spread
    • Amundsen, A. L., Ntanios, F., van der Put, N., and Ose, L., (2004). Long-term compliance and changes in plasma lipids, plant sterols and carotenoids in children and parents with FH consuming plant sterol ester-enriched spread. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 58:1612–1620.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.58 , pp. 1612-1620
    • Amundsen, A.L.1    Ntanios, F.2    van der Put, N.3    Ose, L.4
  • 3
    • 0036078545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant sterol ester–enriched spread lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol in children with familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Amundsen, Å. L., Ose, L., Nenseter, M. S., and Ntanios, F. Y., (2002). Plant sterol ester–enriched spread lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76:338–344.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.76 , pp. 338-344
    • Amundsen, Å.L.1    Ose, L.2    Nenseter, M.S.3    Ntanios, F.Y.4
  • 4
    • 0032718878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering effects of a stanol ester-containing low-fat margarine used in conjunction with a strict lipid-lowering diet
    • Andersson, A., Karlstrom, B., Mohsen, R., and Vessby, B., (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effects of a stanol ester-containing low-fat margarine used in conjunction with a strict lipid-lowering diet. Eur. Heart J. Suppl. 1:S80–S90.
    • (1999) Eur. Heart J. Suppl. , vol.1 , pp. S80-S90
    • Andersson, A.1    Karlstrom, B.2    Mohsen, R.3    Vessby, B.4
  • 5
    • 77955845117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects on a standard healthy diet including low-fat milk enriched with plant sterols
    • Bañuls, C., Martínez-Triguero, M. L., López-Ruiz, A., Morillas, C., Lacomba, R., Víctor, V. M., Rocha, M., and Hernández-Mijares, A., (2010). Evaluation of cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects on a standard healthy diet including low-fat milk enriched with plant sterols. J. Nutr. Biochem. 21:881–886.
    • (2010) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.21 , pp. 881-886
    • Bañuls, C.1    Martínez-Triguero, M.L.2    López-Ruiz, A.3    Morillas, C.4    Lacomba, R.5    Víctor, V.M.6    Rocha, M.7    Hernández-Mijares, A.8
  • 6
    • 0042354087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting intestinal absorption of highly lipophilic food microconstituents (fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids and phytosterols)
    • Borel, P., (2003). Factors affecting intestinal absorption of highly lipophilic food microconstituents (fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids and phytosterols). Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 41:979–994.
    • (2003) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. , vol.41 , pp. 979-994
    • Borel, P.1
  • 7
    • 0029926596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in biological emulsions: Solubility, surface-to-core distribution, and release from lipid droplets
    • Borel, P., Grolier, P., Armand, M., Partier, A., Lafont, H., Lairon, D., and Azais-Braesco, V., (1996). Carotenoids in biological emulsions:Solubility, surface-to-core distribution, and release from lipid droplets. J. Lipid Res. 37:250–261.
    • (1996) J. Lipid Res. , vol.37 , pp. 250-261
    • Borel, P.1    Grolier, P.2    Armand, M.3    Partier, A.4    Lafont, H.5    Lairon, D.6    Azais-Braesco, V.7
  • 8
    • 67649448940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids, and their association with genetic variants in apo C-III, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein
    • Borel, P., Moussa, M., Reboul, E., Lyan, B., Defoort, C., Vincent-Baudry, S., Maillot, M., Gastaldi, M., Darmon, M., Portugal, H., Lairon, D., and Planells, R., (2009). Human fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids, and their association with genetic variants in apo C-III, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein. Brit. J. Nutr. 101:680–687.
    • (2009) Brit. J. Nutr. , vol.101 , pp. 680-687
    • Borel, P.1    Moussa, M.2    Reboul, E.3    Lyan, B.4    Defoort, C.5    Vincent-Baudry, S.6    Maillot, M.7    Gastaldi, M.8    Darmon, M.9    Portugal, H.10    Lairon, D.11    Planells, R.12
  • 9
    • 8744253470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lipid oxidation after ingestion of bakery products enriched with phytosterols, β-carotene and α-tocopherol
    • Brufau, G., Quílez, J., Angel Canela, M., Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., and Rafecas, M., (2004). Evaluation of lipid oxidation after ingestion of bakery products enriched with phytosterols, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Clin. Nutr. 23:1390–1397.
    • (2004) Clin. Nutr. , vol.23 , pp. 1390-1397
    • Brufau, G.1    Quílez, J.2    Angel Canela, M.3    Salas-Salvadó, J.4    Bulló, M.5    Rafecas, M.6
  • 10
    • 27744591426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to 10-y all-cause and cause-specific mortality in European elderly: The survey in Europe on nutrition and the elderly, a concerted action (SENECA)
    • Buijsse, B., Feskens, E. J., Schlettwein-Gsell, D., Ferry, M., Kok, F. J., Kromhout, D., and De Groot, L. C., (2005). Plasma carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to 10-y all-cause and cause-specific mortality in European elderly:The survey in Europe on nutrition and the elderly, a concerted action (SENECA). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82:879–886.
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.82 , pp. 879-886
    • Buijsse, B.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Schlettwein-Gsell, D.3    Ferry, M.4    Kok, F.J.5    Kromhout, D.6    De Groot, L.C.7
  • 11
    • 61449262760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytosterol intake and dietary fat reduction are independent and additive in their ability to reduce plasma LDL cholesterol
    • Chen, S., Judd, J., Kramer, M., Meijer, G., Clevidence, B., and Baer, D., (2009). Phytosterol intake and dietary fat reduction are independent and additive in their ability to reduce plasma LDL cholesterol. Lipids. 44:273–281.
    • (2009) Lipids. , vol.44 , pp. 273-281
    • Chen, S.1    Judd, J.2    Kramer, M.3    Meijer, G.4    Clevidence, B.5    Baer, D.6
  • 13
    • 3442881581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering
    • Clifton, P. M., Noakes, M., Ross, D., Fassoulakis, A., Cehun, M., and Nestel, P., (2004). High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering. J. Lipid Res. 45:1493–1499.
    • (2004) J. Lipid Res. , vol.45 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Clifton, P.M.1    Noakes, M.2    Ross, D.3    Fassoulakis, A.4    Cehun, M.5    Nestel, P.6
  • 14
    • 9744284150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased intake of fruit and vegetables and a low-fat diet, with and without low-fat plant sterol-enriched spread consumption: Effects on plasma lipoprotein and carotenoid metabolism
    • Colgan, H. A., Floyd, S., Noone, E. J., Gibney, M. J., and Roche, H. M., (2004). Increased intake of fruit and vegetables and a low-fat diet, with and without low-fat plant sterol-enriched spread consumption:Effects on plasma lipoprotein and carotenoid metabolism. J. Human Nutr. Diet. 17:561–569.
    • (2004) J. Human Nutr. Diet. , vol.17 , pp. 561-569
    • Colgan, H.A.1    Floyd, S.2    Noone, E.J.3    Gibney, M.J.4    Roche, H.M.5
  • 16
    • 39049106458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress, endothelial function and low-grade inflammation in patients on current statin treatment
    • De Jong, A., Plat, J., Bast, A., Godschalk, R. W. L., Basu, S., and Mensink, R. P., (2008). Effects of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress, endothelial function and low-grade inflammation in patients on current statin treatment. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:263–273.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.62 , pp. 263-273
    • De Jong, A.1    Plat, J.2    Bast, A.3    Godschalk, R.W.L.4    Basu, S.5    Mensink, R.P.6
  • 17
    • 33750613057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced-calorie orange juice beverage with plant sterols lowers C-reactive protein concentrations and improves the lipid profile in human volunteers
    • Devaraj, S., Autret, B. C., and Jialal, I., (2006). Reduced-calorie orange juice beverage with plant sterols lowers C-reactive protein concentrations and improves the lipid profile in human volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84:756–761.
    • (2006) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.84 , pp. 756-761
    • Devaraj, S.1    Autret, B.C.2    Jialal, I.3
  • 18
    • 84869498238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion of the panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from Unilever PLC and Unilever NV, related to the scientific substantitation of a health claim related to 3 g/day plant sterols/stanols and lowering blood LDL-cholesterol and reduced risk of (coronary) heart disease pursuant to Article 19 of regulation (EC) N° 1924/2006
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (2012). Scientific opinion of the panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from Unilever PLC and Unilever NV, related to the scientific substantitation of a health claim related to 3 g/day plant sterols/stanols and lowering blood LDL-cholesterol and reduced risk of (coronary) heart disease pursuant to Article 19 of regulation (EC) N° 1924/2006. EFSA J. 10:2693, pg. 4.
    • (2012) EFSA J. , vol.10 , pp. 2693
  • 20
    • 85014894899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Décision de la Commission du 24 juillet 2000 relative à l'autorisation de mise sur le marché de « matières grasses à tartiner enrichies aux esters de phytostérol » en tant que nouvel aliment ou nouvel ingrédient alimentaire, en application du règlement (CE) n° 258/97 du Parlement européen et du Conseil [notifiée sous le numéro C(2000) 2121]
    • European Commission - Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General (2000a). Décision de la Commission du 24 juillet 2000 relative à l'autorisation de mise sur le marché de « matières grasses à tartiner enrichies aux esters de phytostérol » en tant que nouvel aliment ou nouvel ingrédient alimentaire, en application du règlement (CE) n° 258/97 du Parlement européen et du Conseil [notifiée sous le numéro C(2000) 2121]. Off. J. Eur. Comm. L200:59–60.
    • (2000) Off. J. Eur. Comm. , vol.L200 , pp. 59-60
  • 21
    • 0141938500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES - Directorate B - Scientific Health Opinions - Unit B3 - Management of Scientific Committees II. SCF/CS/NF/DOS/1 FINAL
    • European Commission - Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General (2000b). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on a Request for the Safety Assessment of the Use of Phytosterol Esters in Yellow Fat Spreads. THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES - Directorate B - Scientific Health Opinions - Unit B3 - Management of Scientific Committees II. SCF/CS/NF/DOS/1 FINAL. Bruxelles, Belgium. Available from http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out56_en.pdf.
    • (2000) Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on a Request for the Safety Assessment of the Use of Phytosterol Esters in Yellow Fat Spreads
  • 22
    • 0029146956 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of consumption of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the elderly
    • Gaziano, J. M., Manson, J. E., Branch, L. G., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., and Buring, J. E., (1995). A prospective study of consumption of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. Ann. Epidemiol. 5:255–260.
    • (1995) Ann. Epidemiol. , vol.5 , pp. 255-260
    • Gaziano, J.M.1    Manson, J.E.2    Branch, L.G.3    Colditz, G.A.4    Willett, W.C.5    Buring, J.E.6
  • 23
    • 85014912082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les phytostérols peuvent interagir avec l'absorption intestinale de la vitamine D en diminuant son incorporation micellaire et en entrant en compétition pour son captage entérocytaire via NPC1L1
    • Goncalves, A., Bott, R., Coméra, C., Gleize, B., Nowicki, M., Amiot, M.-J., Lairon, D., Borel, P., and Reboul, E., (2010). Les phytostérols peuvent interagir avec l'absorption intestinale de la vitamine D en diminuant son incorporation micellaire et en entrant en compétition pour son captage entérocytaire via NPC1L1. Nutr. Clin. Métabol. 24:44.
    • (2010) Nutr. Clin. Métabol. , vol.24
    • Goncalves, A.1    Bott, R.2    Coméra, C.3    Gleize, B.4    Nowicki, M.5    Amiot, M.-J.6    Lairon, D.7    Borel, P.8    Reboul, E.9
  • 24
    • 84890110249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, and mortality in U.S. adults
    • Goyal, A., Terry, M. B., and Siegel, A. B., (2013). Serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, and mortality in U.S. adults. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 22:2202–2211.
    • (2013) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. , vol.22 , pp. 2202-2211
    • Goyal, A.1    Terry, M.B.2    Siegel, A.B.3
  • 26
    • 75949093539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a very high daily plant stanol ester intake on serum lipids, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins
    • Gylling, H., Hallikainen, M., Nissinen, M. J., and Miettinen, T. A., (2010). The effect of a very high daily plant stanol ester intake on serum lipids, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins. Clin. Nutr. 29:112–118.
    • (2010) Clin. Nutr. , vol.29 , pp. 112-118
    • Gylling, H.1    Hallikainen, M.2    Nissinen, M.J.3    Miettinen, T.A.4
  • 27
    • 0032894986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol reduction by different plant stanol mixtures and with variable fat intake
    • Gylling, H., and Miettinen, T. A., (1999). Cholesterol reduction by different plant stanol mixtures and with variable fat intake. Metabolism. 48:575–580.
    • (1999) Metabolism. , vol.48 , pp. 575-580
    • Gylling, H.1    Miettinen, T.A.2
  • 28
    • 0032788262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinol, vitamin D, carotenes and alpha-tocopherol in serum of a moderately hypercholesterolemic population consuming sitostanol ester margarine
    • Gylling, H., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., and Miettinen, T. A., (1999). Retinol, vitamin D, carotenes and alpha-tocopherol in serum of a moderately hypercholesterolemic population consuming sitostanol ester margarine. Atherosclerosis. 145:279–285.
    • (1999) Atherosclerosis. , vol.145 , pp. 279-285
    • Gylling, H.1    Puska, P.2    Vartiainen, E.3    Miettinen, T.A.4
  • 29
    • 0033804429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of plant sterol ester and plant stanol ester-enriched margarines in lowering serum cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a low-fat diet
    • Hallikainen, M. A., Sarkkinen, E. S., Gylling, H., Erkkila, A. T., and Uusitupa, M. I. J., (2000). Comparison of the effects of plant sterol ester and plant stanol ester-enriched margarines in lowering serum cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a low-fat diet. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54:715–725.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.54 , pp. 715-725
    • Hallikainen, M.A.1    Sarkkinen, E.S.2    Gylling, H.3    Erkkila, A.T.4    Uusitupa, M.I.J.5
  • 30
    • 0032761048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations
    • Hallikainen, M. A., Sarkkinen, E. S., and Uusitupa, M. I. J., (1999). Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53:966–969.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 966-969
    • Hallikainen, M.A.1    Sarkkinen, E.S.2    Uusitupa, M.I.J.3
  • 31
    • 0032966743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Hallikainen, M. A., and Uusitupa, M. I., (1999). Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69:403–410.
    • (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.69 , pp. 403-410
    • Hallikainen, M.A.1    Uusitupa, M.I.2
  • 35
    • 0032961863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
    • Hendriks, H. F. J., Weststrate, J. A., van Vliet, T., and Meijer, G. W., (1999). Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53:319–327.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 319-327
    • Hendriks, H.F.J.1    Weststrate, J.A.2    van Vliet, T.3    Meijer, G.W.4
  • 38
    • 0037381181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Homma, Y., Ikeda, I., Ishikawa, T., Tateno, M., Sugano, M., and Nakamura, H., (2003). Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread:A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition. 19:369–374.
    • (2003) Nutrition. , vol.19 , pp. 369-374
    • Homma, Y.1    Ikeda, I.2    Ishikawa, T.3    Tateno, M.4    Sugano, M.5    Nakamura, H.6
  • 39
    • 33746354354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease mortality and serum carotenoid levels: A Japanese population-based follow-up study
    • Ito, Y., Kurata, M., Suzuki, K., Hamajima, N., Hishida, H., and Aoki, K., (2006a). Cardiovascular disease mortality and serum carotenoid levels:A Japanese population-based follow-up study. J. Epidemiol. 16:154–160.
    • (2006) J. Epidemiol. , vol.16 , pp. 154-160
    • Ito, Y.1    Kurata, M.2    Suzuki, K.3    Hamajima, N.4    Hishida, H.5    Aoki, K.6
  • 40
    • 33947532830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based follow-up study on mortality from cancer or cardiovascular disease and serum carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in Japanese inhabitants
    • Ito, Y., Suzuki, K., Ishii, J., Hishida, H., Tamakoshi, A., Hamajima, N., and Aoki, K., (2006b). A population-based follow-up study on mortality from cancer or cardiovascular disease and serum carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in Japanese inhabitants. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 7:533–546.
    • (2006) Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. , vol.7 , pp. 533-546
    • Ito, Y.1    Suzuki, K.2    Ishii, J.3    Hishida, H.4    Tamakoshi, A.5    Hamajima, N.6    Aoki, K.7
  • 41
    • 0036173299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant sterol esters lower plasma lipids and most carotenoids in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults
    • Judd, J. T., Baer, D. J., Chen, S. C., Clevidence, B. A., Muesing, R. A., Kramer, M., and Meijer, G. W., (2002). Plant sterol esters lower plasma lipids and most carotenoids in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults. Lipids. 37:33–42.
    • (2002) Lipids. , vol.37 , pp. 33-42
    • Judd, J.T.1    Baer, D.J.2    Chen, S.C.3    Clevidence, B.A.4    Muesing, R.A.5    Kramer, M.6    Meijer, G.W.7
  • 44
    • 0028892525 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic evidence of a role of carotenoids in cardiovascular disease prevention
    • Kohlmeier, L., and Hastings, S. B., (1995). Epidemiologic evidence of a role of carotenoids in cardiovascular disease prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:1370S–1376S.
    • (1995) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.62 , pp. 1370S-1376S
    • Kohlmeier, L.1    Hastings, S.B.2
  • 46
    • 20444463926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytosterols - Health benefits and potential concerns: A review
    • Kritchevsky, D., and Chen, S. C., (2005). Phytosterols - Health benefits and potential concerns:A review. Nutr. Res. 25:413–428.
    • (2005) Nutr. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 413-428
    • Kritchevsky, D.1    Chen, S.C.2
  • 47
    • 0032947352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-carotene, carotenoids and the prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Kritchevsky, S. B., (1999). Beta-carotene, carotenoids and the prevention of coronary heart disease. J. Nutr. 129:5–8.
    • (1999) J. Nutr. , vol.129 , pp. 5-8
    • Kritchevsky, S.B.1
  • 49
    • 34447544439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low plasma levels of oxygenated carotenoids in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Lidebjer, C., Leanderson, P., Ernerudh, J., and Jonasson, L., (2007). Low plasma levels of oxygenated carotenoids in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 17:448–456.
    • (2007) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 448-456
    • Lidebjer, C.1    Leanderson, P.2    Ernerudh, J.3    Jonasson, L.4
  • 50
    • 0028331852 scopus 로고
    • Biological variation of beta-carotene
    • Lux, O., and Naidoo, D., (1994). Biological variation of beta-carotene. Nutr. Res. 14:693–698.
    • (1994) Nutr. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 693-698
    • Lux, O.1    Naidoo, D.2
  • 52
    • 77954573574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant stanols dose-dependently decrease LDL-cholesterol concentrations, but not cholesterol-standardized fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations, at intakes up to 9 g/d
    • Mensink, R. P., de Jong, A., Lutjohann, D., Haenen, G. R., and Plat, J., (2010). Plant stanols dose-dependently decrease LDL-cholesterol concentrations, but not cholesterol-standardized fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations, at intakes up to 9 g/d. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 92:24–33.
    • (2010) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.92 , pp. 24-33
    • Mensink, R.P.1    de Jong, A.2    Lutjohann, D.3    Haenen, G.R.4    Plat, J.5
  • 53
    • 0036147485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low-fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins, non-cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations
    • Mensink, R. P., Ebbing, S., Lindhout, M., Plat, J., and van Heugten, M. M. A., (2002). Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low-fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins, non-cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations. Atherosclerosis. 160:205–213.
    • (2002) Atherosclerosis. , vol.160 , pp. 205-213
    • Mensink, R.P.1    Ebbing, S.2    Lindhout, M.3    Plat, J.4    van Heugten, M.M.A.5
  • 54
    • 85014965513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of carotenoids with coronary heart disease risks in Scottish middle-aged males and females
    • Miyashita, T., Mori, M., Tagushi, T., Sagara, M., Birt, C., Inakuma, T., and Yamori, Y., (2011). Associations of carotenoids with coronary heart disease risks in Scottish middle-aged males and females. Ann. Nutr. Metabol. 58:168–169.
    • (2011) Ann. Nutr. Metabol. , vol.58 , pp. 168-169
    • Miyashita, T.1    Mori, M.2    Tagushi, T.3    Sagara, M.4    Birt, C.5    Inakuma, T.6    Yamori, Y.7
  • 55
    • 84943209596 scopus 로고
    • Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study
    • Morris, D. L., Kritchevsky, S. B., and Davis, C. E., (1994). Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study. JAMA. 272:1439–1441.
    • (1994) JAMA. , vol.272 , pp. 1439-1441
    • Morris, D.L.1    Kritchevsky, S.B.2    Davis, C.E.3
  • 56
    • 79957736833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the LDL- cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanols and plant sterols over a continuous dose range: Results of a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
    • Musa-Veloso, K., Poon, T. H., Elliot, J. A., and Chung, C., (2011). A comparison of the LDL- cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanols and plant sterols over a continuous dose range:Results of a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 85:9–28.
    • (2011) Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. , vol.85 , pp. 9-28
    • Musa-Veloso, K.1    Poon, T.H.2    Elliot, J.A.3    Chung, C.4
  • 57
    • 0035203661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters and non-esterified stanols in margarine, butter and low-fat foods
    • Nestel, P., Cehun, M., Pomeroy, S., Abbey, M., and Weldon, G., (2001). Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters and non-esterified stanols in margarine, butter and low-fat foods. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 55:1084–1090.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.55 , pp. 1084-1090
    • Nestel, P.1    Cehun, M.2    Pomeroy, S.3    Abbey, M.4    Weldon, G.5
  • 58
    • 0032738755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering effect of stanol ester in a US population of mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women: A randomized controlled trial
    • Nguyen, T. T., Dale, L. C., von Bergmann, K., and Croghan, I. T., (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effect of stanol ester in a US population of mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women:A randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clin. Proc. 74:1198–1206.
    • (1999) Mayo Clin. Proc. , vol.74 , pp. 1198-1206
    • Nguyen, T.T.1    Dale, L.C.2    von Bergmann, K.3    Croghan, I.T.4
  • 59
    • 0036136111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase in dietary carotenoids when consuming plant sterols or stanols is effective in maintaining plasma carotenoid concentrations
    • Noakes, M., Clifton, P., Ntanios, F., Shrapnel, W., Record, I., and McInerney, J., (2002). An increase in dietary carotenoids when consuming plant sterols or stanols is effective in maintaining plasma carotenoid concentrations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75:79–86.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.75 , pp. 79-86
    • Noakes, M.1    Clifton, P.2    Ntanios, F.3    Shrapnel, W.4    Record, I.5    McInerney, J.6
  • 60
    • 0036187239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A healthy diet rich in carotenoids is effective in maintaining normal blood carotenoid levels during the daily use of plant sterol-enriched spreads
    • Ntanios, F. Y., and Duchateau, G. S. M. J. E., (2002). A healthy diet rich in carotenoids is effective in maintaining normal blood carotenoid levels during the daily use of plant sterol-enriched spreads. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 72:32–39.
    • (2002) Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 32-39
    • Ntanios, F.Y.1    Duchateau, G.S.M.J.E.2
  • 61
    • 0036900285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spread enriched with plant sterol-esters lowers blood cholesterol and lipoproteins without affecting vitamins A and E in normal and hypercholesterolemic Japanese men and women
    • Ntanios, F. Y., Homma, Y., and Ushiro, S., (2002). A spread enriched with plant sterol-esters lowers blood cholesterol and lipoproteins without affecting vitamins A and E in normal and hypercholesterolemic Japanese men and women. J. Nutr. 132:3650–3655.
    • (2002) J. Nutr. , vol.132 , pp. 3650-3655
    • Ntanios, F.Y.1    Homma, Y.2    Ushiro, S.3
  • 62
    • 0033048004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant potentials of vitamin A and carotenoids and their relevance to heart disease
    • Palace, V. P., Khaper, N., Qin, Q. I., and Singal, P. K., (1999). Antioxidant potentials of vitamin A and carotenoids and their relevance to heart disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26:746–761.
    • (1999) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 746-761
    • Palace, V.P.1    Khaper, N.2    Qin, Q.I.3    Singal, P.K.4
  • 63
    • 84891277761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fortification of vitamin A in a phytosterol enriched milk maintains plasma beta-carotene levels
    • Petrogianni, M., Kanellakis, S., Moschonis, G., and Manios, Y., (2014). Fortification of vitamin A in a phytosterol enriched milk maintains plasma beta-carotene levels. J. Food Sci. Technol.-Mysore. 51:196–199.
    • (2014) J. Food Sci. Technol.-Mysore. , vol.51 , pp. 196-199
    • Petrogianni, M.1    Kanellakis, S.2    Moschonis, G.3    Manios, Y.4
  • 64
    • 0033990558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetable oil based versus wood based stanol ester mixtures: Effects on serum lipids and hemostatic factors in non-hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Plat, J., and Mensink, R. P., (2000). Vegetable oil based versus wood based stanol ester mixtures:Effects on serum lipids and hemostatic factors in non-hypercholesterolemic subjects. Atherosclerosis. 148:101–112.
    • (2000) Atherosclerosis. , vol.148 , pp. 101-112
    • Plat, J.1    Mensink, R.P.2
  • 65
    • 0035340547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diets enriched with two different plant stanol ester mixtures on plasma ubiquinol-10 and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations
    • Plat, J., and Mensink, R. P., (2001). Effects of diets enriched with two different plant stanol ester mixtures on plasma ubiquinol-10 and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations. Metabolism. 50:520–529.
    • (2001) Metabolism. , vol.50 , pp. 520-529
    • Plat, J.1    Mensink, R.P.2
  • 66
    • 0033794852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters
    • Plat, J., van Onselen, E. N., van Heugten, M. M., and Mensink, R. P., (2000). Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54:671–677.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.54 , pp. 671-677
    • Plat, J.1    van Onselen, E.N.2    van Heugten, M.M.3    Mensink, R.P.4
  • 67
    • 33750440551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa flavanol-enriched snack bars containing phytosterols effectively lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
    • Polagruto, J. A., Wang-Polagruto, J. F., Braun, M. M., Lee, L., Kwik-Uribe, C., and Keen, C. L., (2006). Cocoa flavanol-enriched snack bars containing phytosterols effectively lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106:1804–1813.
    • (2006) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.106 , pp. 1804-1813
    • Polagruto, J.A.1    Wang-Polagruto, J.F.2    Braun, M.M.3    Lee, L.4    Kwik-Uribe, C.5    Keen, C.L.6
  • 68
    • 0043167074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bakery products enriched with phytosterol esters, α-tocopherol and β-carotene decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol and maintain plasma β-carotene concentrations in normocholesterolemic men and women
    • Quílez, J., Rafecas, M., Brufau, G., García-Lorda, P., Megías, I., Bulló, M., Ruiz, J. A., and Salas-Salvadó, J., (2003). Bakery products enriched with phytosterol esters, α-tocopherol and β-carotene decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol and maintain plasma β-carotene concentrations in normocholesterolemic men and women. J. Nutr. 133:3103–3109.
    • (2003) J. Nutr. , vol.133 , pp. 3103-3109
    • Quílez, J.1    Rafecas, M.2    Brufau, G.3    García-Lorda, P.4    Megías, I.5    Bulló, M.6    Ruiz, J.A.7    Salas-Salvadó, J.8
  • 69
    • 0036252637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No changes in serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations with the intake of plant sterol/stanol esters in the context of a controlled diet
    • Raeini-Sarjaz, M., Ntanios, F. Y., Vanstone, C. A., and Jones, P. J. H., (2002). No changes in serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations with the intake of plant sterol/stanol esters in the context of a controlled diet. Metabolism. 51:652–656.
    • (2002) Metabolism. , vol.51 , pp. 652-656
    • Raeini-Sarjaz, M.1    Ntanios, F.Y.2    Vanstone, C.A.3    Jones, P.J.H.4
  • 70
    • 84884522834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of plant sterol-enriched foods and effects on plasma plant sterol concentrations - A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
    • Ras, R. T., Hiemstra, H., Lin, Y., Vermeer, M. A., Duchateau, G. S. M. J. E., and Trautwein, E. A., (2013). Consumption of plant sterol-enriched foods and effects on plasma plant sterol concentrations - A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Atherosclerosis. 230:336–346.
    • (2013) Atherosclerosis. , vol.230 , pp. 336-346
    • Ras, R.T.1    Hiemstra, H.2    Lin, Y.3    Vermeer, M.A.4    Duchateau, G.S.M.J.E.5    Trautwein, E.A.6
  • 71
    • 0035074427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of dietary stanyl ester dose on post-absorptive α-tocopherol, β-carotene, retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations
    • Relas, H., Gylling, H., and Miettinen, T. A., (2001). Acute effect of dietary stanyl ester dose on post-absorptive α-tocopherol, β-carotene, retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations. Brit. J. Nutr. 85:141–147.
    • (2001) Brit. J. Nutr. , vol.85 , pp. 141-147
    • Relas, H.1    Gylling, H.2    Miettinen, T.A.3
  • 72
    • 11844260781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention
    • Ribaya-Mereado, J. D., and Blumberg, J. B., (2004). Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 23:567S–587S.
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.23 , pp. 567S-587S
    • Ribaya-Mereado, J.D.1    Blumberg, J.B.2
  • 75
    • 58649123366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lipid and antioxidant responses in hypercholesterolemic men and women receiving plant sterol esters vary by apolipoprotein E genotype
    • Sanchez-Muniz, F. J., Maki, K. C., Schaefer, E. J., and Ordovas, J. M., (2009). Serum lipid and antioxidant responses in hypercholesterolemic men and women receiving plant sterol esters vary by apolipoprotein E genotype. J. Nutr. 139:13–19.
    • (2009) J. Nutr. , vol.139 , pp. 13-19
    • Sanchez-Muniz, F.J.1    Maki, K.C.2    Schaefer, E.J.3    Ordovas, J.M.4
  • 76
    • 2342468143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women
    • Sesso, H. D., Buring, J. E., Norkus, E. P., and Gaziano, J. M., (2004). Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79:47–53.
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.79 , pp. 47-53
    • Sesso, H.D.1    Buring, J.E.2    Norkus, E.P.3    Gaziano, J.M.4
  • 78
    • 84862132861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of high-fiber rye bread enriched with nonesterified plant sterols on major serum lipids and apolipoproteins in normocholesterolemic individuals
    • Soderholm, P. P., Alfthan, G., Koskela, A. H., Adlercreutz, H., and Tikkanen, M. J., (2012). The effect of high-fiber rye bread enriched with nonesterified plant sterols on major serum lipids and apolipoproteins in normocholesterolemic individuals. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 22:575–582.
    • (2012) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. , vol.22 , pp. 575-582
    • Soderholm, P.P.1    Alfthan, G.2    Koskela, A.H.3    Adlercreutz, H.4    Tikkanen, M.J.5
  • 79
    • 0033914509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of healthy children: The STRIP project
    • Tammi, A., Ronnemaa, T., Gylling, H., Rask-Nissila, L., Viikari, J., Tuominen, J., Pulkki, K., and Simell, O., (2000). Plant stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of healthy children:The STRIP project. J. Pediatr. 136:503–510.
    • (2000) J. Pediatr. , vol.136 , pp. 503-510
    • Tammi, A.1    Ronnemaa, T.2    Gylling, H.3    Rask-Nissila, L.4    Viikari, J.5    Tuominen, J.6    Pulkki, K.7    Simell, O.8
  • 80
    • 2942547080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of free plant sterols in low-fat milk on serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Thomsen, A. B., Hansen, H. B., Christiansen, C., Green, H., and Berger, A., (2004). Effect of free plant sterols in low-fat milk on serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 58:860–870.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.58 , pp. 860-870
    • Thomsen, A.B.1    Hansen, H.B.2    Christiansen, C.3    Green, H.4    Berger, A.5
  • 82
    • 0034882005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia
    • Volpe, R., Niittynen, L., Korpela, R., Sirtori, C., Bucci, A., Fraone, N., and Pazzucconi, F., (2001). Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Brit. J. Nutr. 86:233–239.
    • (2001) Brit. J. Nutr. , vol.86 , pp. 233-239
    • Volpe, R.1    Niittynen, L.2    Korpela, R.3    Sirtori, C.4    Bucci, A.5    Fraone, N.6    Pazzucconi, F.7
  • 85
    • 33846449114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal absorption of dietary carotenoids
    • Yonekura, L., and Nagao, A., (2007). Intestinal absorption of dietary carotenoids. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51:107–115.
    • (2007) Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , vol.51 , pp. 107-115
    • Yonekura, L.1    Nagao, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.