Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester-containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 403-410

  Hallikainen, Maarit A ^a   Uusitupa, Matti I J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Apolipoproteins; Campestanol; Campesterol; Cholesterol; Humans; Hypercholesterolemi a; Low fat diet; Margarine; Plant stanol esters; Sitostanol

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHYTOSTEROL; SITOSTANOL; STEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VEGETABLE OIL STANOL ESTER; WOOD STANOL ESTER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIETARY INTAKE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FAT INTAKE; FEMALE; FOOD COMPOSITION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LOW FAT DIET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RISK FACTOR; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 0032966743     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.3.403     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Heinemann T, Kullak-Ublick G-A, Pietruck B. von Bergmann K. Mechanisms of action of plant sterols on inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Comparison of sitosterol and sitostanol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;40(suppl):S59-63.
2. Becker M. Staab D, von Bergmann K. Treatment of severe familial hypercholesterolemia in childhood with sitosterol and sitostanol. J Pediatr 1993;122:292-6.
3. Heinemann T, Leiss O, von Bergmann K. Effect of low-dose sitostanol on serum cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1986;61:219-23.
4. Gylling H, Miettinen TA, Serum cholesterol and cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolaemic NIDDM patients before and during sitostanol ester-margarine treatment. Diabetologia 1994;37:773-80.
5. Vanhanen HT, Kajander J, Lehtovirta H, Miettinen TA. Serum levels, absorption efficiency, faecal elimination and synthesis of cholesterol during increasing doses of dietary sitostanol esters in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Clin Sci 1994;87:61-7.
6. Gylling H, Siimes MA, Miettinen TA. Sitostanol ester margarine in dietary treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 1995;36:1807-12.
7. Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, Vanhanen H, Vartiainen E. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N Engl J Med 1995: 333:1308-12.
8. Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Palmu T. Cholesterol-lowering effect and sensory properties of sitostanol ester margarine in normocholesterolemic adults. Scand J Nutr 1997;41:9-12.
9. Gylling H, Radhakrishnan R, Miettinen TA. Reduction of serum cholesterol in postmenopausal women with previous myocardial infarction and cholesterol malabsorption induced by dietary sitostanol ester margarine. Women and dietary sitostanol. Circulation 1997;96:4226-31.
10. National Cholesterol Education Program. Second report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (adult treatment panel II). Circulation 1994;89:1329-445.
11. Alpers DH, Clouse RE, Stenson WF. Protein and calorie requirements. In: Manual of nutritional therapeutics. Toronto: Little. Brown and Company. 1986:131-59.
12. Haapa E, Toponen T, Pietinen P, Räsänen L. Annoskuvakirja. (Portion size booklet.) Helsinki: Social Insurance Institution. 1985 (in Finnish).
13. Rastas M. Seppänen R. Knuts L-R. Karvetti R-L. Varo P, eds. Nutrient composition of foods. Helsinki: Publication of Social Insurance Institution. 1993.
14. Penttilä IM, Voutilainen E, Laitinen O, Juutilainen P. Comparison of different analytical and precipitation methods for the direct estimation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981;41:353-60.
15. Driskell WJ, Bashor MM, Neese JW. Beta-carotene determined in serum by liquid chromatography with an internal standard. Clin Chem 1983;29:1042-4.
16. Parviainen MT. The fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E - their metabolism, binding-proteins and determination from human serum. Acta Univ Tamperensis 1983;159:49-54.
17. Salen G, Shore V, Tint GS, et al. Increased sitosterol absorption, decreased removal, and expanded body pools compensate for reduced cholesterol synthesis in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis. J Lipid Res 1989;30:1319-30.
18. Norusis MJ. SPSS for Windows base system user's guide, release 6.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc, 1993.
19. Pyörälä K, De Backer G, Graham I, Poole-Wilson P, Wood D. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J 1994;15:1300-31.
20. Watts GF, Burke V. Lipid-lowering trials in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: new evidence, implications and outstanding issues. Curr Opin Lipidol 1996;7:341-55.
21. Denke MA. Lack of efficacy of low-dose sitostanol therapy as an adjunct to a cholesterol-lowering diet in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:392-6.
22. Tilvis RS, Miettinen TA. Serum plant sterols and their relation to cholesterol absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;43:92-7.
23. Miettinen TA, Tilvis RS. Kesäniemi YA. Serum plant sterol and cholesterol precursors reflect cholesterol absorption and synthesis in volunteers of a randomly selected male population. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:20-31. 7
24. Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Effect of inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic non-insulin-dependent diabetic men. J Lipid Res 1996;37:1776-8 5.
25. Grundy SM. Cholesterol and atherosclerosis: diagnosis and treatment. New York: Gower Medical Publishing, 1990.
26. Hassan AS, Rampone AJ. Intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of cholesterol and β-sitostanol in the rat. J Lipid Res 1979;20:646-53.
27. Czubayko F, Beumers B, Lammsfuss S. Lütjohann D, von Bergmann K. A simplified micro-method for quantification of fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols for outpatient studies in humans. J Lipid Res 1991;32:1861-7.
28. Lütjohann D, Meese CO, Crouse JR, von Bergmann K. Evaluation of deuterated cholesterol and deuterated sitostanol for measurement of cholesterol absorption in human. J Lipid Res 1993;34:1039-46.
29. Heinemann T, Axtmann G, von Bergmann K. Comparison of intestinal absorption of cholesterol with different plant sterols in man. Eur J Clin Invest 1993;23:827-31.
30. Vanhanen HT, Miettinen TA. Effects of unsaturated and saturated dietary plant sterols on their serum contents. Clin Chim Acta 1992;205:97-107.
31. Mattson FH, Volpenhein RA, Erickson BA. Effect of plant sterol esters on the absorption of dietary cholesterol. J Nutr 1977; 107:1139-46.
32. Sarkkinen ES, Uusitupa MIJ, Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Fat-modified diets influence serum concentrations of cholesterol precursors and plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Metabolism 1998;47:744-50.
33. Gylling HK, Puska P, Vartiainen E, Miettinen TA. Serum retinol. α-tocopherol, carotenes and lipid peroxide production during serum cholesterol lowering by sitostanol ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. Circulation 1996;94(suppl 1):578 (abstr).