TRPV1: A stress response protein in the central nervous system

American Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-14

  Ho, Karen W ^a   Ward, Nicholas J ^a   Calkins, David J ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Capsaicin; CNS; Glia; Huntington's Disease; Neurodegeneration; Neuron; Plasticity; Synaptic transmission; TRP channel; TRPV1

Indexed keywords

HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

APOPTOSIS; ASTROCYTE; BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CYTOSKELETON; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; INFLAMMATION; LONG TERM POTENTIATION; MICROGLIA; MICROTUBULE; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE DEGENERATION; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PLASTICITY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84980052949     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2165591X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Chung MK, Guler AD and Caterina MJ. TRPV1 shows dynamic ionic selectivity during agonist stimulation. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11: 555-564.
2. Szallasi A and Blumberg PM. Resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper. Neuroscience 1989; 30: 515-520.
3. Wahl P, Foged C, Tullin S and Thomsen C. Iodoresiniferatoxin, a new potent vanilloid receptor antagonist. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 59: 9-15.
4. Toth A, Blumberg PM and Boczan J. Anandamide and the vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Vitam Horm 2009; 81: 389-419.
5. Vriens J, Appendino G and Nilius B. Pharmacology of vanilloid transient receptor potential cation channels. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75: 1262-1279.
6. Szallasi A, Cortright DN, Blum CA and Eid SR. The vanilloid receptor TRPV1: 10 years from channel cloning to antagonist proof-of-concept. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6: 357-372.
7. Moiseenkova-Bell VY, Stanciu LA, Serysheva, II, Tobe BJ and Wensel TG. Structure of TRPV1 channel revealed by electron cryomicroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105: 7451-7455.
8. Lishko PV, Procko E, Jin X, Phelps CB and Gaudet R. The ankyrin repeats of TRPV1 bind multiple ligands and modulate channel sensitivity. Neuron 2007; 54: 905-918.
9. Garcia-Sanz N, Fernandez-Carvajal A, Morenilla-Palao C, Planells-Cases R, Fajardo-Sanchez E, Fernandez-Ballester G and Ferrer-Montiel A. Identification of a tetramerization domain in the C terminus of the vanilloid receptor. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 5307-5314.
10. Ufret-Vincenty CA, Klein RM, Hua L, Angueyra J and Gordon SE. Localization of the PIP2 sensor of TRPV1 ion channels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286: 9688-9698.
11. Numazaki M, Tominaga T, Takeuchi K, Murayama N, Toyooka H and Tominaga M. Structural determinant of TRPV1 desensitization interacts with calmodulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 8002-8006.
12. Jordt SE, Tominaga M and Julius D. Acid potentiation of the capsaicin receptor determined by a key extracellular site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 8134-8139.
13. Jung J, Hwang SW, Kwak J, Lee SY, Kang CJ, Kim WB, Kim D and Oh U. Capsaicin binds to the intracellular domain of the capsaicinactivated ion channel. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 529-538.
14. Gavva NR, Klionsky L, Qu Y, Shi L, Tamir R, Edenson S, Zhang TJ, Viswanadhan VN, Toth A, Pearce LV, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Blumberg PM, Lile J, Sun Y, Wild K, Louis JC and Treanor JJ. Molecular determinants of vanilloid sensitivity in TRPV1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 20283-20295.
15. Jung J, Lee SY, Hwang SW, Cho H, Shin J, Kang YS, Kim S and Oh U. Agonist recognition sites in the cytosolic tails of vanilloid receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 44448-44454.
16. Jordt SE and Julius D. Molecular basis for species-specific sensitivity to "hot" chili peppers. Cell 2002; 108: 421-430.
17. Smith GD, Gunthorpe MJ, Kelsell RE, Hayes PD, Reilly P, Facer P, Wright JE, Jerman JC, Walhin JP, Ooi L, Egerton J, Charles KJ, Smart D, Randall AD, Anand P and Davis JB. TRPV3 is a temperature-sensitive vanilloid receptor-like protein. Nature 2002; 418: 186-190.
18. Staruschenko A, Jeske NA and Akopian AN. Contribution of TRPV1-TRPA1 interaction to the single channel properties of the TRPA1 channel. J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 15167-15177.
19. Hellwig N, Albrecht N, Harteneck C, Schultz G and Schaefer M. Homo-and heteromeric assembly of TRPV channel subunits. J Cell Sci 2005; 118: 917-928.
20. Garcia-Martinez C, Morenilla-Palao C, Planells-Cases R, Merino JM and Ferrer-Montiel A. Identification of an aspartic residue in the P-loop of the vanilloid receptor that modulates pore properties. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 32552-32558.
21. Mohapatra DP, Wang SY, Wang GK and Nau C. A tyrosine residue in TM6 of the Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 involved in desensitization and calcium permeability of capsaicin-activated currents. Mol Cell Neurosci 2003; 23: 314-324.
22. Salazar H, Jara-Oseguera A, Hernandez-Garcia E, Llorente I, Arias O, II, Soriano-Garcia M, Islas LD and Rosenbaum T. Structural determinants of gating in the TRPV1 channel. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2009; 16: 704-710.
23. Samways DS, Khakh BS and Egan TM. Tunable calcium current through TRPV1 receptor channels. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 31274-31278.
24. Marshall IC, Owen DE, Cripps TV, Davis JB, McNulty S and Smart D. Activation of vanilloid receptor 1 by resiniferatoxin mobilizes calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138: 172-176.
25. Liu M, Liu MC, Magoulas C, Priestley JV and Willmott NJ. Versatile regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ by vanilloid receptor I in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 5462-5472.
26. Morenilla-Palao C, Planells-Cases R, Garcia-Sanz N and Ferrer-Montiel A. Regulated exocytosis contributes to protein kinase C potentiation of vanilloid receptor activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 25665-25672.
27. Vetter I, Cheng W, Peiris M, Wyse BD, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Zheng J, Monteith GR and Cabot PJ. Rapid, opioid-sensitive mechanisms involved in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 sensitization. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 19540-19550.
28. Zhang X, Huang J and McNaughton PA. NGF rapidly increases membrane expression of TRPV1 heat-gated ion channels. EMBO J 2005; 24: 4211-4223.
29. Van Buren JJ, Bhat S, Rotello R, Pauza ME and Premkumar LS. Sensitization and translocation of TRPV1 by insulin and IGF-I. Mol Pain 2005; 1: 17.
30. Varga A, Bolcskei K, Szoke E, Almasi R, Czeh G, Szolcsanyi J and Petho G. Relative roles of protein kinase A and protein kinase C in modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor responsiveness in rat sensory neurons in vitro and peripheral nociceptors in vivo. Neuroscience 2006; 140: 645-657.
31. Mandadi S, Tominaga T, Numazaki M, Murayama N, Saito N, Armati PJ, Roufogalis BD and Tominaga M. Increased sensitivity of desensitized TRPV1 by PMA occurs through PKCepsilon-mediated phosphorylation at S800. Pain 2006; 123: 106-116.
32. Mohapatra DP and Nau C. Desensitization of capsaicin-activated currents in the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is decreased by the cyclic AMPdependent protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 50080-50090.
33. Bhave G, Zhu W, Wang H, Brasier DJ, Oxford GS and Gereau RWt. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates desensitization of the capsaicin receptor (VR1) by direct phosphorylation. Neuron 2002; 35: 721-731.
34. Amadesi S, Cottrell GS, Divino L, Chapman K, Grady EF, Bautista F, Karanjia R, Barajas-Lopez C, Vanner S, Vergnolle N and Bunnett NW. Protease-activated receptor 2 sensitizes TRPV1 by protein kinase Cepsilon-and A-dependent mechanisms in rats and mice. J Physiol 2006; 575: 555-571.
35. Vellani V, Zachrisson O and McNaughton PA. Functional bradykinin B1 receptors are expressed in nociceptive neurones and are upregulated by the neurotrophin GDNF. J Physiol 2004; 560: 391-401.
36. Tominaga M, Wada M and Masu M. Potentiation of capsaicin receptor activity by metabotropic ATP receptors as a possible mechanism for ATP-evoked pain and hyperalgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 6951-6956.
37. Zhang N, Inan S, Cowan A, Sun R, Wang JM, Rogers TJ, Caterina M and Oppenheim JJ. A proinflammatory chemokine, CCL3, sensitizes the heat-and capsaicin-gated ion channel TRPV1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102: 4536-4541.
38. Yamamoto H, Kawamata T, Ninomiya T, Omote K and Namiki A. Endothelin-1 enhances capsaicin-evoked intracellular Ca2+ response via activation of endothelin a receptor in a protein kinase Cepsilon-dependent manner in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroscience 2006; 137: 949-960.
39. Price TJ, Jeske NA, Flores CM and Hargreaves KM. Pharmacological interactions between calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha and TRPV1 receptors in rat trigeminal sensory neurons. Neurosci Lett 2005; 389: 94-98.
40. Mohapatra DP and Nau C. Regulation of Ca2+-dependent desensitization in the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 by calcineurin and cAMPdependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 13424-13432.
41. Koplas PA, Rosenberg RL and Oxford GS. The role of calcium in the desensitization of capsaicin responses in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 3525-3537.
42. Sanchez JF, Krause JE and Cortright DN. The distribution and regulation of vanilloid receptor VR1 and VR1 5' splice variant RNA expression in rat. Neuroscience 2001; 107: 373-381.
43. Roberts JC, Davis JB and Benham CD. [3H] Resiniferatoxin autoradiography in the CNS of wild-type and TRPV1 null mice defines TRPV1 (VR-1) protein distribution. Brain Res 2004; 995: 176-183.
44. Toth A, Boczan J, Kedei N, Lizanecz E, Bagi Z, Papp Z, Edes I, Csiba L and Blumberg PM. Expression and distribution of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the adult rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005; 135: 162-168.
45. Cavanaugh DJ, Chesler AT, Jackson AC, Sigal YM, Yamanaka H, Grant R, O'Donnell D, Nicoll RA, Shah NM, Julius D and Basbaum AI. Trpv1 reporter mice reveal highly restricted brain distribution and functional expression in arteriolar smooth muscle cells. J Neurosci 2011; 31: 5067-5077.
46. Goswami C, Rademacher N, Smalla KH, Kalscheuer V, Ropers HH, Gundelfinger ED and Hucho T. TRPV1 acts as a synaptic protein and regulates vesicle recycling. J Cell Sci 2010; 123: 2045-2057.
47. El Andaloussi-Lilja J, Lundqvist J and Forsby A. TRPV1 expression and activity during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Neurochem Int 2009; 55: 768-774.
48. Puntambekar P, Mukherjea D, Jajoo S and Ramkumar V. Essential role of Rac1/NADPH oxidase in nerve growth factor induction of TRPV1 expression. J Neurochem 2005; 95: 1689-1703.
49. Sappington RM, Sidorova T, Long DJ and Calkins DJ. TRPV1: contribution to retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and increased intracellular Ca2+ with exposure to hydrostatic pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 717-728.
50. Doly S, Fischer J, Salio C and Conrath M. The vanilloid receptor-1 is expressed in rat spinal dorsal horn astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2004; 357: 123-126.
51. Sappington RM and Calkins DJ. Contribution of TRPV1 to microglia-derived IL-6 and NFkappaB translocation with elevated hydrostatic pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 3004-3017.
52. Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD and Julius D. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997; 389: 816-824.
53. Huang W, Wang H, Galligan JJ and Wang DH. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel mediated neuropeptide secretion and depressor effects: role of endoplasmic reticulum associated Ca2+ release receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 1966-1975.
54. Gazzieri D, Trevisani M, Springer J, Harrison S, Cottrell GS, Andre E, Nicoletti P, Massi D, Zecchi S, Nosi D, Santucci M, Gerard NP, Lucattelli M, Lungarella G, Fischer A, Grady EF, Bunnett NW and Geppetti P. Substance P released by TRPV1-expressing neurons produces reactive oxygen species that mediate ethanol-induced gastric injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43: 581-589.
55. Caterina MJ, Leffler A, Malmberg AB, Martin WJ, Trafton J, Petersen-Zeitz KR, Koltzenburg M, Basbaum AI and Julius D. Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor. Science 2000; 288: 306-313.
56. Simone DA, Baumann TK and LaMotte RH. Dose-dependent pain and mechanical hyperalgesia in humans after intradermal injection of capsaicin. Pain 1989; 38: 99-107.
57. Ji RR, Samad TA, Jin SX, Schmoll R and Woolf CJ. p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia. Neuron 2002; 36: 57-68.
58. Cui M, Honore P, Zhong C, Gauvin D, Mikusa J, Hernandez G, Chandran P, Gomtsyan A, Brown B, Bayburt EK, Marsh K, Bianchi B, McDonald H, Niforatos W, Neelands TR, Moreland RB, Decker MW, Lee CH, Sullivan JP and Faltynek CR. TRPV1 receptors in the CNS play a key role in broad-spectrum analgesia of TRPV1 antagonists. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 9385-9393.
59. Zhang H, Cang CL, Kawasaki Y, Liang LL, Zhang YQ, Ji RR and Zhao ZQ. Neurokinin-1 receptor enhances TRPV1 activity in primary sensory neurons via PKCepsilon: a novel pathway for heat hyperalgesia. J Neurosci 2007; 27: 12067-12077.
60. Chuang HH, Prescott ED, Kong H, Shields S, Jordt SE, Basbaum AI, Chao MV and Julius D. Bradykinin and nerve growth factor release the capsaicin receptor from PtdIns(4,5)P2-mediated inhibition. Nature 2001; 411: 957-962.
61. Moriyama T, Higashi T, Togashi K, Iida T, Segi E, Sugimoto Y, Tominaga T, Narumiya S and Tominaga M. Sensitization of TRPV1 by EP1 and IP reveals peripheral nociceptive mechanism of prostaglandins. Mol Pain 2005; 1: 3.
62. Schumacher MA. Transient receptor potential channels in pain and inflammation: therapeutic opportunities. Pain Pract 2010; 10: 185-200.
63. Wong GY and Gavva NR. Therapeutic potential of vanilloid receptor TRPV1 agonists and antagonists as analgesics: Recent advances and setbacks. Brain Res Rev 2009; 60: 267-277.
64. Chung MK, Jung SJ and Oh SB. Role of TRP channels in pain sensation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2011; 704: 615-636.
65. Cortright DN, Krause JE and Broom DC. TRP channels and pain. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1772: 978-988.
66. Knotkova H, Pappagallo M and Szallasi A. Capsaicin (TRPV1 Agonist) therapy for pain relief: farewell or revival? Clin J Pain 2008; 24: 142-154.
67. Tian YH, Lee SY, Kim HC and Jang CG. Repeated methamphetamine treatment increases expression of TRPV1 mRNA in the frontal cortex but not in the striatum or hippocampus of mice. Neurosci Lett 2010; 472: 61-64.
68. Chen Y, Geis C and Sommer C. Activation of TRPV1 contributes to morphine tolerance: involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 5836-5845.
69. Adamczyk P, Miszkiel J, McCreary AC, Filip M, Papp M and Przegalinski E. The effects of cannabinoid CB1, CB2 and vanilloid TRPV1 receptor antagonists on cocaine addictive behavior in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1444: 45-54.
70. Blednov YA and Harris RA. Deletion of vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) in mice alters behavioral effects of ethanol. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56: 814-820.
71. Hayase T. Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depressionlike behaviors. BMC Pharmacol 2011; 11: 6.
72. Aguiar DC, Terzian AL, Guimaraes FS and Moreira FA. Anxiolytic-like effects induced by blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 205: 217-225.
73. Marsch R, Foeller E, Rammes G, Bunck M, Kossl M, Holsboer F, Zieglgansberger W, Landgraf R, Lutz B and Wotjak CT. Reduced anxiety, conditioned fear, and hippocampal long-term potentiation in transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor-deficient mice. J Neurosci 2007; 27: 832-839.
74. Kasckow JW, Mulchahey JJ and Geracioti TD, Jr. Effects of the vanilloid agonist olvanil and antagonist capsazepine on rat behaviors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28: 291-295.
75. Leonelli M, Martins DO, Kihara AH and Britto LR. Ontogenetic expression of the vanilloid receptors TRPV1 and TRPV2 in the rat retina. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27: 709-718.
76. Marinelli S, Di Marzo V, Florenzano F, Fezza F, Viscomi MT, van der Stelt M, Bernardi G, Molinari M, Maccarrone M and Mercuri NB. Narachidonoyl-dopamine tunes synaptic transmission onto dopaminergic neurons by activating both cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32: 298-308.
77. Chen Y, Willcockson HH and Valtschanoff JG. Influence of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 on the activation of spinal cord glia in mouse models of pain. Exp Neurol 2009; 220: 383-390.
78. Leonelli M, Martins DO and Britto LR. TRPV1 receptors are involved in protein nitration and Muller cell reaction in the acutely axotomized rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91: 755-768.
79. Huang C, Hu ZL, Wu WN, Yu DF, Xiong QJ, Song JR, Shu Q, Fu H, Wang F and Chen JG. Existence and distinction of acid-evoked currents in rat astrocytes. Glia 2010; 58: 1415-1424.
80. Marchalant Y, Brothers HM, Norman GJ, Karelina K, DeVries AC and Wenk GL. Cannabinoids attenuate the effects of aging upon neuroinflammation and neurogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 34: 300-307.
81. Talbot S, Dias JP, Lahjouji K, Bogo MR, Campos MM, Gaudreau P and Couture R. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin induces functional kinin B (1) receptor in rat spinal cord microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9: 16.
82. Schilling T and Eder C. Importance of the nonselective cation channel TRPV1 for microglial reactive oxygen species generation. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 216: 118-121.
83. Basu S and Srivastava P. Immunological role of neuronal receptor vanilloid receptor 1 expressed on dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102: 5120-5125.
84. Waning J, Vriens J, Owsianik G, Stuwe L, Mally S, Fabian A, Frippiat C, Nilius B and Schwab A. A novel function of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 channels: involvement in cell migration. Cell Calcium 2007; 42: 17-25.
85. Yang H, Wang Z, Capo-Aponte JE, Zhang F, Pan Z and Reinach PS. Epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) induces differential responses in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91: 462-471.
86. Goswami C, Dreger M, Jahnel R, Bogen O, Gillen C and Hucho F. Identification and characterization of a Ca2+-sensitive interaction of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 with tubulin. J Neurochem 2004; 91: 1092-1103.
87. Goswami C, Dreger M, Otto H, Schwappach B and Hucho F. Rapid disassembly of dynamic microtubules upon activation of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1. J Neurochem 2006; 96: 254-266.
88. Han P, McDonald HA, Bianchi BR, Kouhen RE, Vos MH, Jarvis MF, Faltynek CR and Moreland RB. Capsaicin causes protein synthesis inhibition and microtubule disassembly through TRPV1 activities both on the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73: 1635-1645.
89. Goswami C, Schmidt H and Hucho F. TRPV1 at nerve endings regulates growth cone morphology and movement through cytoskeleton reorganization. FEBS J 2007; 274: 760-772.
90. Zheng JQ. Turning of nerve growth cones induced by localized increases in intracellular calcium ions. Nature 2000; 403: 89-93.
91. Wen Z, Guirland C, Ming GL and Zheng JQ. A CaMKII/calcineurin switch controls the direction of Ca(2+)-dependent growth cone guidance. Neuron 2004; 43: 835-846.
92. Uboha NV, Flajolet M, Nairn AC and Picciotto MR. A calcium-and calmodulin-dependent kinase Ialpha/microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2 signaling cascade mediates calciumdependent neurite outgrowth. J Neurosci 2007; 27: 4413-4423.
93. Takemura M, Mishima T, Wang Y, Kasahara J, Fukunaga K, Ohashi K and Mizuno K. Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IVmediated LIM kinase activation is critical for calcium signal-induced neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 2009; 284: 28554-28562.
94. Greka A, Navarro B, Oancea E, Duggan A and Clapham DE. TRPC5 is a regulator of hippocampal neurite length and growth cone morphology. Nat Neurosci 2003; 6: 837-845.
95. Doyle MW, Bailey TW, Jin YH and Andresen MC. Vanilloid receptors presynaptically modulate cranial visceral afferent synaptic transmission in nucleus tractus solitarius. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 8222-8229.
96. Peters JH, McDougall SJ, Fawley JA, Smith SM and Andresen MC. Primary afferent activation of thermosensitive TRPV1 triggers asynchronous glutamate release at central neurons. Neuron 2010; 65: 657-669.
97. Medvedeva YV, Kim MS and Usachev YM. Mechanisms of prolonged presynaptic Ca2+ signaling and glutamate release induced by TRPV1 activation in rat sensory neurons. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 5295-5311.
98. Marinelli S, Di Marzo V, Berretta N, Matias I, Maccarrone M, Bernardi G and Mercuri NB. Presynaptic facilitation of glutamatergic synapses to dopaminergic neurons of the rat substantia nigra by endogenous stimulation of vanilloid receptors. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 3136-3144.
99. Sasamura T, Sasaki M, Tohda C and Kuraishi Y. Existence of capsaicin-sensitive glutamatergic terminals in rat hypothalamus. Neuroreport 1998; 9: 2045-2048.
100. Marinelli S, Pascucci T, Bernardi G, Puglisi-Allegra S and Mercuri NB. Activation of TRPV1 in the VTA excites dopaminergic neurons and increases chemical-and noxious-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 864-870.
101. Lam PM, Hainsworth AH, Smith GD, Owen DE, Davies J and Lambert DG. Activation of recombinant human TRPV1 receptors expressed in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells increases [Ca(2+)](i), initiates neurotransmitter release and promotes delayed cell death. J Neurochem 2007; 102: 801-811.
102. Lappin SC, Randall AD, Gunthorpe MJ and Morisset V. TRPV1 antagonist, SB-366791, inhibits glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat spinal dorsal horn following peripheral inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 540: 73-81.
103. Sikand P and Premkumar LS. Potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by protein kinase C-mediated sensitization of TRPV1 at the first sensory synapse. J Physiol 2007; 581: 631-647.
104. Musella A, De Chiara V, Rossi S, Prosperetti C, Bernardi G, Maccarrone M and Centonze D. TRPV1 channels facilitate glutamate transmission in the striatum. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 40: 89-97.
105. Jiang CY, Fujita T, Yue HY, Piao LH, Liu T, Nakatsuka T and Kumamoto E. Effect of resiniferatoxin on glutamatergic spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 2009; 164: 1833-1844.
106. Xing J and Li J. TRPV1 receptor mediates glutamatergic synaptic input to dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG) neurons. J Neurophysiol 2007; 97: 503-511.
107. Karlsson U, Sundgren-Andersson AK, Johansson S and Krupp JJ. Capsaicin augments synaptic transmission in the rat medial preoptic nucleus. Brain Res 2005; 1043: 1-11.
108. Marinelli S, Vaughan CW, Christie MJ and Connor M. Capsaicin activation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the rat locus coeruleus in vitro. J Physiol 2002; 543: 531-540.
109. Gibson HE, Edwards JG, Page RS, Van Hook MJ and Kauer JA. TRPV1 channels mediate longterm depression at synapses on hippocampal interneurons. Neuron 2008; 57: 746-759.
110. Grueter BA, Brasnjo G and Malenka RC. Postsynaptic TRPV1 triggers cell type-specific longterm depression in the nucleus accumbens. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13: 1519-1525.
111. Chavez AE, Chiu CQ and Castillo PE. TRPV1 activation by endogenous anandamide triggers postsynaptic long-term depression in dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13: 1511-1518.
112. Maione S, Cristino L, Migliozzi AL, Georgiou AL, Starowicz K, Salt TE and Di Marzo V. TRPV1 channels control synaptic plasticity in the developing superior colliculus. J Physiol 2009; 587: 2521-2535.
113. Li HB, Mao RR, Zhang JC, Yang Y, Cao J and Xu L. Antistress effect of TRPV1 channel on synaptic plasticity and spatial memory. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 286-292.
114. Kim SR, Kim SU, Oh U and Jin BK. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 mediates microglial cell death in vivo and in vitro via Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial damage and cytochrome c release. J Immunol 2006; 177: 4322-4329.
115. Kim SR, Lee DY, Chung ES, Oh UT, Kim SU and Jin BK. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 mediates cell death of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in vitro. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 662-671.
116. Shirakawa H, Yamaoka T, Sanpei K, Sasaoka H, Nakagawa T and Kaneko S. TRPV1 stimulation triggers apoptotic cell death of rat cortical neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377: 1211-1215.
117. Amantini C, Mosca M, Nabissi M, Lucciarini R, Caprodossi S, Arcella A, Giangaspero F and Santoni G. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis of glioma cells is mediated by TRPV1 vanilloid receptor and requires p38 MAPK activation. J Neurochem 2007; 102: 977-990.
118. Nucci C, Gasperi V, Tartaglione R, Cerulli A, Terrinoni A, Bari M, De Simone C, Agro AF, Morrone LA, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G and Maccarrone M. Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in retinal damage after high intraocular pressure-induced ischemia in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 2997-3004.
119. Pegorini S, Zani A, Braida D, Guerini-Rocco C and Sala M. Vanilloid VR1 receptor is involved in rimonabant-induced neuroprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147: 552-559.
120. Pegorini S, Braida D, Verzoni C, Guerini-Rocco C, Consalez GG, Croci L and Sala M. Capsaicin exhibits neuroprotective effects in a model of transient global cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144: 727-735.
121. Veldhuis WB, van der Stelt M, Wadman MW, van Zadelhoff G, Maccarrone M, Fezza F, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF, Bar PR, Nicolay K and Di Marzo V. Neuroprotection by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and arvanil against in vivo excitotoxicity in the rat: role of vanilloid receptors and lipoxygenases. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 4127-4133.
122. Lastres-Becker I, de Miguel R, De Petrocellis L, Makriyannis A, Di Marzo V and Fernandez-Ruiz J. Compounds acting at the endocannabinoid and/or endovanilloid systems reduce hyperkinesia in a rat model of Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2003; 84: 1097-1109.
123. Di Marzo V, Lastres-Becker I, Bisogno T, De Petrocellis L, Milone A, Davis JB and Fernandez-Ruiz JJ. Hypolocomotor effects in rats of capsaicin and two long chain capsaicin homologues. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 420: 123-131.