메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 733-744

The discovery of roflumilast for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author keywords

Clinical trials; COPD; PDE4; phenotype; roflumilast

Indexed keywords

ROFLUMILAST; AMINOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVE; CYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR;

EID: 84969612679     PISSN: 17460441     EISSN: 1746045X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1184642     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 33644811309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in airways disease
    • K.F.Chung Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 8;533:110–117. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.059
    • (2006) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.533 , pp. 110-117
    • Chung, K.F.1
  • 2
    • 14544272401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and their role in immunomodulatory responses: advances in the development of specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors
    • A.Castro, M.J.Jerez, C.Gil, et al. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and their role in immunomodulatory responses: advances in the development of specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Med Res Rev. 2005;25:229–244. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1098-1128.
    • (2005) Med Res Rev , vol.25 , pp. 229-244
    • Castro, A.1    Jerez, M.J.2    Gil, C.3
  • 3
    • 84897443197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    • D.H.Maurice, H.Ke, F.Ahmad, et al. Advances in targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13:290–314. doi:10.1038/nrd4228.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.13 , pp. 290-314
    • Maurice, D.H.1    Ke, H.2    Ahmad, F.3
  • 4
    • 79960928267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases
    • C.P.Page, D.Spina. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;204:391–414. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17969-3_17.
    • (2011) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.204 , pp. 391-414
    • Page, C.P.1    Spina, D.2
  • 5
    • 0031601540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of phosphodiesterase enzymes in allergy and asthma
    • D.Spina, L.J.Landells, C.P.Page. The role of phosphodiesterase enzymes in allergy and asthma. Adv Pharmacol. 1998;44:33–89.
    • (1998) Adv Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 33-89
    • Spina, D.1    Landells, L.J.2    Page, C.P.3
  • 6
    • 75749117558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown
    • M.D.Houslay. Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010;35:91–100. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.09.007.
    • (2010) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.35 , pp. 91-100
    • Houslay, M.D.1
  • 7
    • 0037443097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: modular enzymes that orchestrate signalling cross-talk, desensitization and compartmentalization
    • M.D.Houslay, D.R.Adams. PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: modular enzymes that orchestrate signalling cross-talk, desensitization and compartmentalization. Biochem J. 2003;370:1–18. doi:10.1042/BJ20021698.
    • (2003) Biochem J , vol.370 , pp. 1-18
    • Houslay, M.D.1    Adams, D.R.2
  • 8
    • 37549019345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major functional role for phosphodiesterase 4D5 in human airway smooth muscle cells
    • C.K.Billington, I.R.Le Jeune, K.W.Young, et al. A major functional role for phosphodiesterase 4D5 in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008;38:1–7. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2007-0171OC.
    • (2008) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.38 , pp. 1-7
    • Billington, C.K.1    Le Jeune, I.R.2    Young, K.W.3
  • 9
    • 0029165312 scopus 로고
    • PDE isoenzymes as targets for anti-asthma drugs
    • C.Schudt, H.Tenor, A.Hatzelmann. PDE isoenzymes as targets for anti-asthma drugs. Eur Respir J. 1995;8:1179–1183.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1179-1183
    • Schudt, C.1    Tenor, H.2    Hatzelmann, A.3
  • 10
    • 78649829956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4B is essential for TH2-cell function and development of airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma
    • S.L.Jin, S.Goya, S.Nakae, et al. Phosphodiesterase 4B is essential for TH2-cell function and development of airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:1252–9.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.08.014.
    • (2010) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.126 , pp. 9-1252
    • Jin, S.L.1    Goya, S.2    Nakae, S.3
  • 11
    • 84906065026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDE inhibitors currently in early clinical trials for the treatment of asthma
    • M.G.Matera, C.Page, M.Cazzola. PDE inhibitors currently in early clinical trials for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014;23:1267–1275. doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.921157.• An interesting review in which the authors describe the main PDE families that could be involved in asthma as well as the PDE inhibitors that have been evaluated for the treatment of asthma.
    • (2014) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.23 , pp. 1267-1275
    • Matera, M.G.1    Page, C.2    Cazzola, M.3
  • 12
    • 84922079549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what does the future hold?
    • M.G.Matera, P.Rogliani, L.Calzetta, et al. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what does the future hold? Drugs. 2014;74:1983–1992. doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0303-8.
    • (2014) Drugs , vol.74 , pp. 1983-1992
    • Matera, M.G.1    Rogliani, P.2    Calzetta, L.3
  • 13
    • 3242726932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in inflammatory cells of smokers with COPD, smokers without COPD, and nonsmokers
    • R.Barber, G.S.Baillie, R.Bergmann, et al. Differential expression of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in inflammatory cells of smokers with COPD, smokers without COPD, and nonsmokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004;287:L332–43. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00384.2003.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.287 , pp. L332-L343
    • Barber, R.1    Baillie, G.S.2    Bergmann, R.3
  • 14
    • 79955043463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-adenosylmethionine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphodiesterase 4B2 and attenuates tumor necrosis factor expression via cAMP/protein kinase A pathway
    • L.Gobejishvili, D.V.Avila, D.F.Barker, et al. S-adenosylmethionine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphodiesterase 4B2 and attenuates tumor necrosis factor expression via cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;337:433–443. doi:10.1124/jpet.110.174268.
    • (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.337 , pp. 433-443
    • Gobejishvili, L.1    Avila, D.V.2    Barker, D.F.3
  • 15
    • 84862290893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective PDE inhibitors as novel treatments for respiratory diseases
    • C.P.Page, D.Spina. Selective PDE inhibitors as novel treatments for respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2012;12:275–286. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.02.016.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 275-286
    • Page, C.P.1    Spina, D.2
  • 16
    • 18144427196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilomilast GlaxoSmithKline
    • W.M.Brown. Cilomilast GlaxoSmithKline. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2005;6:545–558.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.6 , pp. 545-558
    • Brown, W.M.1
  • 18
    • 77249116286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis
    • P.H.Schafer, A.Parton, A.K.Gandhi, et al. Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;159:842–855. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00559.x.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.159 , pp. 842-855
    • Schafer, P.H.1    Parton, A.2    Gandhi, A.K.3
  • 20
    • 0035084103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the novel PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in vitro
    • A.Hatzelmann, C.Schudt. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the novel PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;297:267–279.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 267-279
    • Hatzelmann, A.1    Schudt, C.2
  • 21
    • 79851471591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast: first phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for treatment of COPD
    • M.A.Giembycz, S.K.Field. Roflumilast: first phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for treatment of COPD. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2010;4:147–158.
    • (2010) Drug Des Devel Ther , vol.4 , pp. 147-158
    • Giembycz, M.A.1    Field, S.K.2
  • 22
    • 84859437919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive quantification of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide in human plasma by LC-MS/MS employing parallel chromatography and electrospray ionisation
    • N.G.Knebel, R.Herzog, F.Reutter, et al. Sensitive quantification of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide in human plasma by LC-MS/MS employing parallel chromatography and electrospray ionisation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012;893-894:82–91. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.038.
    • (2012) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.893-894 , pp. 82-91
    • Knebel, N.G.1    Herzog, R.2    Reutter, F.3
  • 23
    • 77955443662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetic modelling of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide by total phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory activity and development of a population pharmacodynamic-adverse event model
    • G.Lahu, A.Hünnemeyer, E.Diletti, et al. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide by total phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory activity and development of a population pharmacodynamic-adverse event model. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;49:589–606. doi:10.2165/11536600-000000000-00000.
    • (2010) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.49 , pp. 589-606
    • Lahu, G.1    Hünnemeyer, A.2    Diletti, E.3
  • 24
    • 77953105482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical pharmacology of roflumilast–a selective, oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • A.Hatzelmann, E.J.Morcillo, G.Lungarella, et al. The preclinical pharmacology of roflumilast–a selective, oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23:235–256. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2010.03.011.
    • (2010) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 235-256
    • Hatzelmann, A.1    Morcillo, E.J.2    Lungarella, G.3
  • 25
    • 77952554012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human area postrema and other nuclei related to the emetic reflex express cAMP phosphodiesterases 4B and 4D
    • F.Mori, S.Pérez-Torres, R.De Caro, et al. The human area postrema and other nuclei related to the emetic reflex express cAMP phosphodiesterases 4B and 4D. J Chem Neuroanat. 2010;40:36–42. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.03.004.
    • (2010) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.40 , pp. 36-42
    • Mori, F.1    Pérez-Torres, S.2    De Caro, R.3
  • 26
    • 0035078823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of roflumilast, a novel orally active PDE4 inhibitor
    • D.S.Bundschuh, M.Eltze, J.Barsig, et al. In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of roflumilast, a novel orally active PDE4 inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;297:280–290.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 280-290
    • Bundschuh, D.S.1    Eltze, M.2    Barsig, J.3
  • 27
    • 11844249945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of selective phosphodiesterase isoenzyme inhibition on neutrophil function in vitro
    • N.A.Jones, V.Boswell-Smith, R.Lever, et al. The effect of selective phosphodiesterase isoenzyme inhibition on neutrophil function in vitro. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2005;18:93–101. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2004.10.001.
    • (2005) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 93-101
    • Jones, N.A.1    Boswell-Smith, V.2    Lever, R.3
  • 28
    • 13544273183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition decreases MUC5AC expression induced by epidermal growth factor in human airway epithelial cells
    • M.Mata, B.Sarria, A.Buenestado, et al. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition decreases MUC5AC expression induced by epidermal growth factor in human airway epithelial cells. Thorax. 2005;60:144–152. doi:10.1136/thx.2004.025692.
    • (2005) Thorax , vol.60 , pp. 144-152
    • Mata, M.1    Sarria, B.2    Buenestado, A.3
  • 29
    • 84857485173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast inhibits the release of chemokines and TNF-α from human lung macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide
    • A.Buenestado, S.Grassin-Delyle, F.Guitard, et al. Roflumilast inhibits the release of chemokines and TNF-α from human lung macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165:1877–1890. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01667.x.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.165 , pp. 1877-1890
    • Buenestado, A.1    Grassin-Delyle, S.2    Guitard, F.3
  • 30
    • 27744595123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators via suppression of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation
    • H.J.Kwak, J.S.Song, J.Y.Heo, et al. Roflumilast inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators via suppression of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;315:1188–1195. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.092056.
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.315 , pp. 1188-1195
    • Kwak, H.J.1    Song, J.S.2    Heo, J.Y.3
  • 31
    • 84884171273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine production by human lung parenchyma
    • A.Buenestado, M.C.Chaumais, S.Grassin-Delyle, et al. Roflumilast inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine production by human lung parenchyma. PLoS One. 2013;8:e74640. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074640.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e74640
    • Buenestado, A.1    Chaumais, M.C.2    Grassin-Delyle, S.3
  • 32
    • 84947790981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast n-oxide associated with PGE2 prevents the neutrophil elastase-induced production of chemokines by epithelial cells
    • T.Victoni, T.Gicquel, A.Bodin, et al. Roflumilast n-oxide associated with PGE2 prevents the neutrophil elastase-induced production of chemokines by epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015;30:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.019.
    • (2015) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 1-8
    • Victoni, T.1    Gicquel, T.2    Bodin, A.3
  • 33
    • 84896928713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast N-oxide prevents cytokine secretion induced by cigarette smoke combined with LPS through JAK/STAT and ERK1/2 inhibition in airway epithelial cells
    • T.Victoni, F.Gleonnec, M.Lanzetti, et al. Roflumilast N-oxide prevents cytokine secretion induced by cigarette smoke combined with LPS through JAK/STAT and ERK1/2 inhibition in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One. 2014;9:e85243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085243.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e85243
    • Victoni, T.1    Gleonnec, F.2    Lanzetti, M.3
  • 34
    • 84864422831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor, improves cilia motility and ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells compromised by cigarette smoke in vitro
    • J.Milara, M.Armengot, P.Bañuls, et al. Roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor, improves cilia motility and ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells compromised by cigarette smoke in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166:2243–2262. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01929.x.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.166 , pp. 2243-2262
    • Milara, J.1    Armengot, M.2    Bañuls, P.3
  • 35
    • 84945916683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast partially reverses smoke-induced mucociliary dysfunction
    • A.Schmid, N.Baumlin, P.Ivonnet, et al. Roflumilast partially reverses smoke-induced mucociliary dysfunction. Respir Res. 2015;16:135. doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0294-3.
    • (2015) Respir Res , vol.16 , pp. 135
    • Schmid, A.1    Baumlin, N.2    Ivonnet, P.3
  • 36
    • 25444476938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast fully prevents emphysema in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke
    • P.A.Martorana, R.Beume, M.Lucattelli, et al. Roflumilast fully prevents emphysema in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:848–853. doi:10.1164/rccm.200411-1549OC.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.172 , pp. 848-853
    • Martorana, P.A.1    Beume, R.2    Lucattelli, M.3
  • 37
    • 51949100548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of roflumilast on inflammatory cells in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice
    • P.A.Martorana, B.Lunghi, M.Lucattelli, et al. Effect of roflumilast on inflammatory cells in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. BMC Pulm Med. 2008;8:17. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-8-17.
    • (2008) BMC Pulm Med , vol.8 , pp. 17
    • Martorana, P.A.1    Lunghi, B.2    Lucattelli, M.3
  • 38
    • 77953090227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast but not methylprednisolone inhibited cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation in guinea pigs [abstract]
    • M.Fitzgerald, D.Spicer, A.E.Mcaulay, et al. Roflumilast but not methylprednisolone inhibited cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation in guinea pigs [abstract]. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2006;663s:P3850.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J Suppl , vol.663s , pp. P3850
    • Fitzgerald, M.1    Spicer, D.2    Mcaulay, A.E.3
  • 39
    • 33749027247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors cause proinflammatory effects in vivo
    • K.McCluskie, U.Klein, C.Linnevers, et al. Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors cause proinflammatory effects in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;319:468–476. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.105080.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.319 , pp. 468-476
    • McCluskie, K.1    Klein, U.2    Linnevers, C.3
  • 40
    • 84928807928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 mediates synergistic induction of PDE4B by roflumilast and NTHi
    • S.Susuki-Miyata, M.Miyata, B.C.Lee, et al. Cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 mediates synergistic induction of PDE4B by roflumilast and NTHi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E1800–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418716112.
    • (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.112 , pp. E1800-E1809
    • Susuki-Miyata, S.1    Miyata, M.2    Lee, B.C.3
  • 41
    • 35348853161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, expression of adhesion molecules and microvascular permeability
    • M.J.Sanz, J.Cortijo, M.A.Taha, et al. Roflumilast inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, expression of adhesion molecules and microvascular permeability. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;152:481–492. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707428.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 481-492
    • Sanz, M.J.1    Cortijo, J.2    Taha, M.A.3
  • 42
    • 11844267183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • B.J.Lipworth. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2005;365:167–175. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17708-3.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 167-175
    • Lipworth, B.J.1
  • 43
    • 36749063803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers in patients with COPD
    • D.C.Grootendorst, S.A.Gauw, R.M.Verhoosel, et al. The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2007;62:1081–1087. doi:10.1136/thx.2006.075937.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 1081-1087
    • Grootendorst, D.C.1    Gauw, S.A.2    Verhoosel, R.M.3
  • 44
    • 23744451716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast – an oral anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial
    • K.F.Rabe, E.D.Bateman, D.O’Donnell, et al. Roflumilast – an oral anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:563–571. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67100-0.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 563-571
    • Rabe, K.F.1    Bateman, E.D.2    O’Donnell, D.3
  • 45
    • 34447310046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • P.M.Calverley, F.Sanchez-Toril, A.McIvor, et al. Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:154–161. doi:10.1164/rccm.200610-1563OC.
    • (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.176 , pp. 154-161
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Sanchez-Toril, F.2    McIvor, A.3
  • 46
    • 79953700575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • K.F.Rabe. Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163:53–67. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01218.x.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , pp. 53-67
    • Rabe, K.F.1
  • 47
    • 84942504004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast: a review in COPD
    • K.P.Garnock-Jones. Roflumilast: a review in COPD. Drugs. 2015;75:1645–1656. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0463-1.
    • (2015) Drugs , vol.75 , pp. 1645-1656
    • Garnock-Jones, K.P.1
  • 48
    • 79251588730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of exacerbations by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast - the importance of defining different subsets of patients with COPD
    • S.I.Rennard, P.M.Calverley, U.M.Goehring, et al. Reduction of exacerbations by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast - the importance of defining different subsets of patients with COPD. Respir Res. 2011;12:18. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-122.
    • (2011) Respir Res , vol.12 , pp. 18
    • Rennard, S.I.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Goehring, U.M.3
  • 49
    • 69149103642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials
    • P.M.Calverley, K.F.Rabe, U.M.Goehring, et al. Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2009;374:685–694.•• The pivotal trials that documented that roflumilast improves lung function and reduces the frequency of exacerbations in patients with bronchitic symptoms and severe airflow limitation.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 685-694
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Rabe, K.F.2    Goehring, U.M.3
  • 50
    • 84877589288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of roflumilast in the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype
    • J.A.Wedzicha, K.F.Rabe, F.J.Martinez, et al. Efficacy of roflumilast in the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype. Chest. 2013;143:1302–1311. doi:10.1378/chest.12-1489.•• A pooled analysis of data from two 1-year, placebo-controlled, roflumilast studies in patients with symptomatic COPD and severe airflow obstruction documenting that treatment with roflumilast shifts patients from the frequent to the more stable infrequent exacerbator state.
    • (2013) Chest , vol.143 , pp. 1302-1311
    • Wedzicha, J.A.1    Rabe, K.F.2    Martinez, F.J.3
  • 51
    • 69149098943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with long-acting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trials
    • L.M.Fabbri, P.M.Calverley, J.L.Izquierdo-Alonso, et al. Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with long-acting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2009;374:695–703. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61252-6.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 695-703
    • Fabbri, L.M.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Izquierdo-Alonso, J.L.3
  • 52
    • 84903273716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does roflumilast improve dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A meta-analysis
    • L.Pan, Y.Z.Guo, B.Zhang, et al. Does roflumilast improve dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5:422–429. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.26.
    • (2013) J Thorac Dis , vol.5 , pp. 422-429
    • Pan, L.1    Guo, Y.Z.2    Zhang, B.3
  • 53
    • 40649117704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers
    • M.Cazzola, W.MacNee, F.J.Martinez, et al. Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:416–469. doi:10.1183/09031936.00099306.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 416-469
    • Cazzola, M.1    MacNee, W.2    Martinez, F.J.3
  • 54
    • 84860473468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of roflumilast at rest and during exercise in COPD
    • D.E.O’Donnell, D.Bredenbröker, M.Brose, et al. Physiological effects of roflumilast at rest and during exercise in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2012;39:1104–1112. doi:10.1183/09031936.00096511.
    • (2012) Eur Respir J , vol.39 , pp. 1104-1112
    • O’Donnell, D.E.1    Bredenbröker, D.2    Brose, M.3
  • 55
    • 80155129530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast in Asian patients with COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • S.D.Lee, D.S.Hui, A.A.Mahayiddin, et al. Roflumilast in Asian patients with COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Respirology. 2011;16:1249–1257. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02038.x.
    • (2011) Respirology , vol.16 , pp. 1249-1257
    • Lee, S.D.1    Hui, D.S.2    Mahayiddin, A.A.3
  • 56
    • 84892664131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast for the treatment of COPD in an Asian population: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study
    • J.Zheng, J.Yang, X.Zhou, et al. Roflumilast for the treatment of COPD in an Asian population: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Chest. 2014;145:44–52. doi:10.1378/chest.13-1252.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.145 , pp. 44-52
    • Zheng, J.1    Yang, J.2    Zhou, X.3
  • 57
    • 84899792562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • J.Chong, B.Leung, P.Poole. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;11:CD002309.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.11 , pp. CD002309
    • Chong, J.1    Leung, B.2    Poole, P.3
  • 58
    • 84873661428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Y.Oba, N.A.Lone. Efficacy and safety of roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2013;7:13–24. doi:10.1177/1753465812466167.
    • (2013) Ther Adv Respir Dis , vol.7 , pp. 13-24
    • Oba, Y.1    Lone, N.A.2
  • 59
    • 84892445790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of roflumilast in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis
    • J.H.Yan, W.J.Gu, L.Pan. Efficacy and safety of roflumilast in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014;27:83–89. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2013.04.004.
    • (2014) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.27 , pp. 83-89
    • Yan, J.H.1    Gu, W.J.2    Pan, L.3
  • 60
    • 84958063488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, improve clinical outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A meta-analysis
    • J.Luo, K.Wang, D.Liu, et al. Can roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, improve clinical outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2016;17:18. doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0330-y.
    • (2016) Respir Res , vol.17 , pp. 18
    • Luo, J.1    Wang, K.2    Liu, D.3
  • 61
    • 84864552152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast – a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor licensed for add-on therapy in severe COPD
    • A.B.Taegtmeyer, J.D.Leuppi, G.A.Kullak-Ublick. Roflumilast – a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor licensed for add-on therapy in severe COPD. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13628.
    • (2012) Swiss Med Wkly , vol.142 , pp. w13628
    • Taegtmeyer, A.B.1    Leuppi, J.D.2    Kullak-Ublick, G.A.3
  • 62
    • 84881171832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor therapy for lung diseases
    • B.Beghè, K.F.Rabe, L.M.Fabbri. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor therapy for lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:271–278. doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0021PP.
    • (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.188 , pp. 271-278
    • Beghè, B.1    Rabe, K.F.2    Fabbri, L.M.3
  • 63
    • 84884305030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular safety in patients receiving roflumilast for the treatment of COPD
    • W.B.White, G.E.Cooke, P.R.Kowey, et al. Cardiovascular safety in patients receiving roflumilast for the treatment of COPD. Chest. 2013;144:758–765. doi:10.1378/chest.12-2332.
    • (2013) Chest , vol.144 , pp. 758-765
    • White, W.B.1    Cooke, G.E.2    Kowey, P.R.3
  • 64
    • 84856219643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from, Dec
    • European Medicines Agency. Daxas – Roflumilast [cited 2015 Dec20]. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion_-_Initial_authorisation/human/001179/WC500089626.pdf.
    • Daxas – Roflumilast
  • 66
    • 84943760600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study on the impact of roflumilast on exacerbations and economic burden among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the real world
    • Y.Wan, S.X.Sun, S.Corman, et al. A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study on the impact of roflumilast on exacerbations and economic burden among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the real world. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:2127–2136. doi:10.2147/COPD.S80106.
    • (2015) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.10 , pp. 2127-2136
    • Wan, Y.1    Sun, S.X.2    Corman, S.3
  • 67
    • 84929406741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower 30-day readmission rates with roflumilast treatment among patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • A.Z.Fu, S.X.Sun, X.Huang, et al. Lower 30-day readmission rates with roflumilast treatment among patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:909–915. doi:10.2147/COPD.S83082.
    • (2015) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.10 , pp. 909-915
    • Fu, A.Z.1    Sun, S.X.2    Huang, X.3
  • 68
    • 84937597446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast in COPD
    • E.Worndl, E.B.Hunt, M.P.Kennedy, et al. Roflumilast in COPD. Chest. 2015;148:e31. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0664.
    • (2015) Chest , vol.148 , pp. e31
    • Worndl, E.1    Hunt, E.B.2    Kennedy, M.P.3
  • 69
    • 84902207693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and harms of roflumilast in moderate to severe COPD
    • T.Yu, K.Fain, C.M.Boyd, et al. Benefits and harms of roflumilast in moderate to severe COPD. Thorax. 2014;69:616–622. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203884.
    • (2014) Thorax , vol.69 , pp. 616-622
    • Yu, T.1    Fain, K.2    Boyd, C.M.3
  • 70
    • 84938748700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative benefit-harm assessment for setting research priorities: the example of roflumilast for patients with COPD
    • M.A.Puhan, T.Yu, C.M.Boyd, et al. Quantitative benefit-harm assessment for setting research priorities: the example of roflumilast for patients with COPD. BMC Med. 2015;13:157. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0398-0.
    • (2015) BMC Med , vol.13 , pp. 157
    • Puhan, M.A.1    Yu, T.2    Boyd, C.M.3
  • 71
    • 84905639968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of roflumilast in addition to BA/LAMA/ICS treatment in COPD patients
    • W.De Backer, W.Vos, C.Van Holsbeke, et al. The effect of roflumilast in addition to BA/LAMA/ICS treatment in COPD patients. Eur Respir J. 2014;44:527–529. doi:10.1183/09031936.00011714.
    • (2014) Eur Respir J , vol.44 , pp. 527-529
    • De Backer, W.1    Vos, W.2    Van Holsbeke, C.3
  • 72
    • 84924250308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of roflumilast on exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncontrolled by combination therapy (REACT): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • F.J.Martinez, P.M.Calverley, U.M.Goehring, et al. Effect of roflumilast on exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncontrolled by combination therapy (REACT): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:857–866. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62410-7.•• An important study suggesting that roflumilast reduces exacerbations and hospital admissions in patients with severe COPD and chronic bronchitis who are at risk of frequent and severe exacerbations despite ICS and LABA therapy, even in combination with tiotropium.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 857-866
    • Martinez, F.J.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Goehring, U.M.3
  • 73
    • 84922756228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast added to triple therapy in patients with severe COPD: a real life study
    • M.Muñoz-Esquerre, M.Diez-Ferrer, C.Montón, et al. Roflumilast added to triple therapy in patients with severe COPD: a real life study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015;30:16–21. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2014.10.002.
    • (2015) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.30 , pp. 16-21
    • Muñoz-Esquerre, M.1    Diez-Ferrer, M.2    Montón, C.3
  • 74
    • 34547569572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from, Mar
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD [Updated 2016; cited 2016 Mar17]. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLD_Report%202016.pdf.
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD
  • 75
    • 84887905775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • M.Cazzola, P.Rogliani, L.Novelli, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14:2489–2499. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.848856.
    • (2013) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.14 , pp. 2489-2499
    • Cazzola, M.1    Rogliani, P.2    Novelli, L.3
  • 76
    • 20444497934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of fluticasone propionate from combined salmeterol/fluticasone treatment in patients with COPD causes immediate and sustained disease deterioration: a randomised controlled trial
    • E.F.M.Wouters, D.S.Postma, B.Fokkens, et al. Withdrawal of fluticasone propionate from combined salmeterol/fluticasone treatment in patients with COPD causes immediate and sustained disease deterioration: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2005;60:480–487. doi:10.1136/thx.2004.034280.
    • (2005) Thorax , vol.60 , pp. 480-487
    • Wouters, E.F.M.1    Postma, D.S.2    Fokkens, B.3
  • 77
    • 84893727688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pooled subpopulation analyses of the effects of roflumilast on exacerbations and lung function in COPD
    • N.A.Hanania, P.M.Calverley, M.T.Dransfield, et al. Pooled subpopulation analyses of the effects of roflumilast on exacerbations and lung function in COPD. Respir Med. 2014;108:366–375. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.09.018.• A pooled analysis of two 52-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, showing that the addition of roflumilast to LABA therapy for 1 year in patients who discontinued ICS prior to study entry significantly reduced the risk of COPD exacerbations and improved lung function.
    • (2014) Respir Med , vol.108 , pp. 366-375
    • Hanania, N.A.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Dransfield, M.T.3
  • 78
    • 84887032283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of population pharmacokinetic modeling to explore the impact of alternative roflumilast dosing regimens on tolerability
    • G.Lahu, A.Facius. Application of population pharmacokinetic modeling to explore the impact of alternative roflumilast dosing regimens on tolerability. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013;51:832–836.
    • (2013) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 832-836
    • Lahu, G.1    Facius, A.2
  • 79
    • 84953717807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a dose-escalation regimen for improving adherence to roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • H.Hwang, J.Y.Shin, K.R.Park, et al. Effect of a dose-escalation regimen for improving adherence to roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2015;78(4):321–325. doi:10.4046/trd.2015.78.4.321
    • (2015) Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-325
    • Hwang, H.1    Shin, J.Y.2    Park, K.R.3
  • 80
    • 84873396034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast in combination with bronchodilator therapies in patients with severe and very severe COPD in Switzerland
    • Y.Samyshkin, M.Schlunegger, S.Haefliger, et al. Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast in combination with bronchodilator therapies in patients with severe and very severe COPD in Switzerland. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2013;8:79–87. doi:10.2147/COPD.S37486.
    • (2013) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.8 , pp. 79-87
    • Samyshkin, Y.1    Schlunegger, M.2    Haefliger, S.3
  • 81
    • 84929391109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of roflumilast on exacerbations of COPD, health care utilization, and costs in a predominantly elderly Medicare Advantage population
    • Mar
    • K.Moll, S.X.Sun, J.J.Ellis, et al. Impact of roflumilast on exacerbations of COPD, health care utilization, and costs in a predominantly elderly Medicare Advantage population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015 Mar;16(10):565–576.
    • (2015) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.16 , Issue.10 , pp. 565-576
    • Moll, K.1    Sun, S.X.2    Ellis, J.J.3
  • 82
    • 84898596300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast as an add-on treatment to long-acting bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD associated with chronic bronchitis in the United Kingdom
    • Y.Samyshkin, R.W.Kotchie, A.C.Mörk, et al. Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast as an add-on treatment to long-acting bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD associated with chronic bronchitis in the United Kingdom. Eur J Health Econ. 2014;15:69–82. doi:10.1007/s10198-013-0456-5.
    • (2014) Eur J Health Econ , vol.15 , pp. 69-82
    • Samyshkin, Y.1    Kotchie, R.W.2    Mörk, A.C.3
  • 83
    • 84940055871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast for asthma: weighing the evidence
    • E.D.Bateman, P.M.O’Byrne, R.Buhl, et al. Roflumilast for asthma: weighing the evidence. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015;35(Suppl):S1–3. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.001.
    • (2015) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. S1-S3
    • Bateman, E.D.1    O’Byrne, P.M.2    Buhl, R.3
  • 84
    • 84875225940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • P.J.Barnes. Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:636–645. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1564.
    • (2013) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.131 , pp. 636-645
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 85
    • 76449090268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence from large trials
    • M.Cazzola, S.Picciolo, M.G.Matera. Roflumilast in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence from large trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(3):441–449. doi:10.1517/14656560903555201.
    • (2010) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 441-449
    • Cazzola, M.1    Picciolo, S.2    Matera, M.G.3
  • 88
    • 77955575182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The divergent opinions of regulatory authorities on roflumilast are puzzling but we need new drugs for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • M.Cazzola. The divergent opinions of regulatory authorities on roflumilast are puzzling but we need new drugs for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2010;4:195–198. doi:10.1177/1753465810377636.
    • (2010) Ther Adv Respir Dis , vol.4 , pp. 195-198
    • Cazzola, M.1
  • 89
    • 84984890217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline
    • G.J.Criner, J.Bourbeau, R.L.Diekemper, et al. Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline. Chest. 2015;147:894–942. doi:10.1378/chest.14-1676.•• Useful article on the prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD.
    • (2015) Chest , vol.147 , pp. 894-942
    • Criner, G.J.1    Bourbeau, J.2    Diekemper, R.L.3
  • 90
    • 84924798508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Finnish guidelines
    • H.Kankaanranta, T.Harju, M.Kilpeläinen, et al. Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Finnish guidelines. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015;116:291–307. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12366.
    • (2015) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.116 , pp. 291-307
    • Kankaanranta, H.1    Harju, T.2    Kilpeläinen, M.3
  • 91
    • 84863937720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guía Española de la EPOC (GesEPOC). Tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC estable
    • M.Miravitlles, J.J.Soler-Cataluña, M.Calle, et al. Guía Española de la EPOC (GesEPOC). Tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC estable. Aten Primaria. 2012;44:425–437. doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2012.04.005.
    • (2012) Aten Primaria , vol.44 , pp. 425-437
    • Miravitlles, M.1    Soler-Cataluña, J.J.2    Calle, M.3
  • 92
    • 84902205684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical and integrated management of COPD. An official document of AIMAR (Interdisciplinary Association for Research in Lung Disease), AIPO (Italian Association of Hospital Pulmonologists), SIMER (Italian Society of Respiratory Medicine), SIMG (Italian Society of General Medicine)
    • G.Bettoncelli, F.Blasi, V.Brusasco, et al. The clinical and integrated management of COPD. An official document of AIMAR (Interdisciplinary Association for Research in Lung Disease), AIPO (Italian Association of Hospital Pulmonologists), SIMER (Italian Society of Respiratory Medicine), SIMG (Italian Society of General Medicine). Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9:25.
    • (2014) Multidiscip Respir Med , vol.9 , pp. 25
    • Bettoncelli, G.1    Blasi, F.2    Brusasco, V.3
  • 93
    • 84879346537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: official diagnosis and treatment guidelines of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society; a novel phenotypic approach to COPD with patient-oriented care
    • V.Koblizek, J.Chlumsky, V.Zindr, et al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: official diagnosis and treatment guidelines of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society; a novel phenotypic approach to COPD with patient-oriented care. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2013;157:189–201. doi:10.5507/bp.2013.039.
    • (2013) Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub , vol.157 , pp. 189-201
    • Koblizek, V.1    Chlumsky, J.2    Zindr, V.3
  • 94
    • 84942504379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation and de-escalation of therapy in COPD: myths, realities and perspectives
    • M.Cazzola, P.Rogliani, M.G.Matera. Escalation and de-escalation of therapy in COPD: myths, realities and perspectives. Drugs. 2015;75:1575–1585. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0450-6.
    • (2015) Drugs , vol.75 , pp. 1575-1585
    • Cazzola, M.1    Rogliani, P.2    Matera, M.G.3
  • 95
    • 84905578194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast N-oxide reverses corticosteroid resistance in neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • J.Milara, J.Lluch, P.Almudever, et al. Roflumilast N-oxide reverses corticosteroid resistance in neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134:314–322. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.001.
    • (2014) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.134 , pp. 314-322
    • Milara, J.1    Lluch, J.2    Almudever, P.3
  • 96
    • 84905676087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining phenotypes in COPD: an aid to personalized healthcare
    • A.Segreti, E.Stirpe, P.Rogliani, et al. Defining phenotypes in COPD: an aid to personalized healthcare. Mol Diagn Ther. 2014;18:381–388. doi:10.1007/s40291-014-0100-9.
    • (2014) Mol Diagn Ther , vol.18 , pp. 381-388
    • Segreti, A.1    Stirpe, E.2    Rogliani, P.3
  • 97
    • 84890686350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roflumilast: the new orally active, selective phophodiesterase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of COPD
    • D.P.Tashkin. Roflumilast: the new orally active, selective phophodiesterase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of COPD. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15:85–96. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.837159.
    • (2014) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.15 , pp. 85-96
    • Tashkin, D.P.1
  • 98
    • 84872235077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotyping the heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • B.L.Barker, C.E.Brightling. Phenotyping the heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2013;124:371–387. doi:10.1042/CS20120340.
    • (2013) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.124 , pp. 371-387
    • Barker, B.L.1    Brightling, C.E.2
  • 99
    • 84899817826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point: were industry-sponsored roflumilast trials appropriate? yes
    • S.Suissa, K.F.Rabe. Point: were industry-sponsored roflumilast trials appropriate? yes. Chest. 2014;145:937–939. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0112.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.145 , pp. 937-939
    • Suissa, S.1    Rabe, K.F.2
  • 100
    • 84899832989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterpoint: were industry-sponsored roflumilast trials appropriate? no
    • J.Rho, N.Ho, V.Prasad. Counterpoint: were industry-sponsored roflumilast trials appropriate? no. Chest. 2014;145:939–942. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0114.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.145 , pp. 939-942
    • Rho, J.1    Ho, N.2    Prasad, V.3
  • 101
    • 33645053487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COPD exacerbations. 2: aetiology
    • E.Sapey, R.A.Stockley. COPD exacerbations. 2: aetiology. Thorax. 2006;61:250–258. doi:10.1136/thx.2005.041822.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 250-258
    • Sapey, E.1    Stockley, R.A.2
  • 102
    • 80052936263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: identification of biologic clusters and their biomarkers
    • M.Bafadhel, S.McKenna, S.Terry, et al. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: identification of biologic clusters and their biomarkers. Am J Respir Crit gCare Med. 2011;184:662–671. doi:10.1164/rccm.201104-0597OC.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit gCare Med , vol.184 , pp. 662-671
    • Bafadhel, M.1    McKenna, S.2    Terry, S.3
  • 103
    • 84945586371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of roflumilast effect on proline-glycine-proline and neutrophilic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • J.M.Wells, P.L.Jackson, L.Viera, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of roflumilast effect on proline-glycine-proline and neutrophilic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192:934–942. doi:10.1164/rccm.201503-0543OC.
    • (2015) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.192 , pp. 934-942
    • Wells, J.M.1    Jackson, P.L.2    Viera, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.