Nutrition, rumen health and inflammation in the transition period and their role on overall health and fertility in dairy cows

Research in Veterinary Science

Volumn 103, Issue , 2015, Pages 126-136

  Zebeli, Q ^a   Ghareeb, K ^a,c   Humer, E ^a   Metzler Zebeli, B U ^b   Besenfelder, U ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (Austria)

^b Vetmeduni Vienna   (Austria)

^c South Valley University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Cow fertility; Cow health; Milk production; Peripartal nutrition; Rumen acidosis

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DAIRY CATTLE; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENERGY RESOURCE; FERTILITY; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLUCOSE ABSORPTION; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; KERATINOCYTE; LACTATION; LIPID METABOLISM; METABOLIC DISORDER; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; MILK PRODUCTION; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PH; PROTEIN INTAKE; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; RUMEN MICROORGANISM; RUMINATION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; BOVINE; CATTLE DISEASE; DAIRYING; DIET; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; PERINATAL PERIOD; PHYSIOLOGY; RUMEN; VETERINARY;

ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; DAIRYING; DIET; FEMALE; FERTILITY; INFLAMMATION; PERIPARTUM PERIOD; RUMEN;

EID: 84949552777     PISSN: 00345288     EISSN: 15322661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.020     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Alpizar E., Spicer L.J. Effects of interleukin-6 on proliferation and follicle-stimulating hormone-induced estradiol production by bovine granulosa cells in vitro: dependence on size of follicle. Biol. Reprod. 1994, 50:38-43.
2. Ametaj B.N., Zebeli Q., Iqbal S. Nutrition, microbiota, and endotoxin-related diseases in dairy cows. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 2010, 39:434-444.
3. Ametaj B.N., Zebeli Q., Saleem F., Psychogios N., Lewis M.J., Dunn S.M., Xia J., Wishart D.S. Metabolomics reveals unhealthy alterations in rumen metabolism with increased proportion of cereal grain in the diet of dairy cows. Metabolomics 2010, 6:583-594.
4. Ametaj B.N., Bradford B.J., Bobe G., Nafikov R.A., Lu Y., Young J.W., Beitz D.C. Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 2005, 58:165-175.
5. Ametaj B.N., Iqbal S., Selami F., Odhiambo J.F., Wang Y., Gänzle M.G., Dunn S.M., Zebeli Q. Intravaginal administration of lactic acid bacteria modulated the incidence of purulent vaginal discharges, plasma haptoglobin concentrations, and milk production in dairy cows. Res. Vet. Sci. 2014, 96:365-370.
6. Aréchiga C.F., Ortíz O., Hansen P.J. Effect of prepartum injection of vitamin E and selenium on postpartum reproductive function of dairy cattle. Theriogenology 1994, 41:1251-1258.
7. Aschenbach J.R., Kristensen N.B., Donkin S.S., Hammon H.M., Penner G.B. Gluconeogenesis in dairy cows: the secret of making sweet milk from sour dough. IUBMB Life 2010, 62:869-877.
8. Aschenbach J.R., Penner G.B., Stumpff F., Gäbel G. Ruminant nutrition symposium: role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH. J. Anim. Sci. 2011, 89:1092-1107.
9. Reproduction in Cattle 2004, 28-237. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Third Edition. P.J.H. Ball, A.R. Peters (Eds.).
10. Bannink A., Gerrits W.J.J., France J., Dijkstra J. Variation in rumen fermentation and the rumen wall during the transition period in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2012, 172:80-94.
11. Beauchemin K.A., Eriksen L., Nørgaard P., Rode L.M. Salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:2077-2081.
12. Bernabucci U., Ronchi B., Lacetera N., Nardone A. Influence of body condition score on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in peri-parturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2005, 88:2017-2026.
13. Berry D.P., Lonergan P., Butler S.T., Cromie A.R., Fair T., Mossa F., Evans A.C. Negative influence of high maternal milk production before and after conception on offspring survival and milk production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:329-337.
14. Bradford B.J., Mamedova I.K., Minton J.E., Drouillard J.S., Johnson B.J. Daily injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases hepatic triglycerides and alters transcript abundance of metabolic genes in lactating dairy cattle. J. Nutr. 2009, 139:1451-1456.
15. Bradford B.J., Yuan K., Farney J.K., Mamedova L.K., Carpenter A.J. Invited review: inflammation during the transition to lactation: new adventures with an old flame. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 10.3168/jds.2015-9683.
16. Bramley E., Lean I.J., Fulkerson W.J., Stevenson M.A., Rabiee A.R., Costa N.D. The definition of acidosis in dairy herds predominantly fed on pasture and concentrates. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:308-321.
17. Britt J.H. Impacts of early postpartum metabolism on follicular development and fertility. Bovine Pract. Proc. 1991, 24:39-43.
18. Butler W.R. Energy balance relationships with follicular development, ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2003, 83:211-218.
19. Butler W.R. Relationships of dietary protein and fertility. Adv. Dairy Technol. 2005, 17:159-168.
20. Butler W.R., Smith R.D. Interrelationships between energy balance and postpartum reproductive function in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 1989, 72:767-783.
21. Calamari L., Soriani N., Panella G., Petrera F., Minuti A., Trevisi E. Rumination time around calving: an early signal to detect cows at greater risk of disease. J. Dairy Sci. 2014, 97:3636-3647.
22. Calderon F., Chauveau-Duriot B., Martin B., Graulet B., Doreau M., Noziere P. Variations in carotenoids, vitamins A and E, and color in cow's plasma and milk during late pregnancy and the first three months of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:2335-2346.
23. Carter R.R., Allen O.B., Grovum L. The effect of feeding frequency and meal size on amounts of total and parotid saliva secreted by sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 1990, 63:305-318.
24. Catalani E., Amadori M., Vitali A., Bernabucci U., Nardone A., Lacetera N. The Hsp72 response in peri-parturient dairy cows: relationships with metabolic and immunological parameters. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010, 15:781-790.
25. Chebel R.C. Mastitis effects on reproduction. NMC Regional Meeting Proceedings 2007, 43-55. (http://nmconline.org/articles/repro.pdf).
26. Chen Y., Oba M., Guan L.L. Variation of bacterial communities and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in the rumen of steers differing in susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis. Vet. Microbiol. 2012, 159:451-459.
27. Claudio N., Dalet A., Gatti E., Pierre P. Mapping the crossroads of immune activation and cellular stress response pathways. EMBO J. 2013, 32:1214-1224.
28. Deckardt K., Khiosa-Ard R., Grausgruber H., Zebeli Q. Evaluation of various chemical and thermal feed processing methods for their potential to enhance resistant starch content in barley grain. Starch 2014, 66:558-565.
29. Deckardt K., Khol-Parisini A., Zebeli Q. Peculiarities of enhancing resistant starch in ruminants using chemical methods: opportunities and challenges. Nutrients 2013, 5:1970-1988.
30. Deckardt K., Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Zebeli Q. Processing barley grain with lactic and tannic acid ameliorates rumen microbial fermentation and degradation of dietary fibre in vitro. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2015, 10.1002/jsfa.7085.
31. DeVries T.J., Dohme F., Beauchemin K.A. Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: feed sorting. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:3958-3967.
32. Diskin M.G., Mackey D.R., Roche J.F., Sreenan J.M. Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2003, 78:345-370.
33. Diskin M.G., Murphy J.J., Sreenan J.M. Embryo survival in dairy cows managed under pastoral conditions. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2006, 96:297-311.
34. Dobson H., Walker S.L., Morris M.J., Routly J.E., Smith R.F. Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows?. Animal 2008, 2:1104-1111.
35. Dong G., Qiu M., Ao C., Zhou J., Khas-Erdene, Wong X., Zhang Z., Yang Y. Feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet induced epigenetic alterations in the mammary tissue of dairy cows. PLoS One 2014, 9(9):e107659. 10.1371/journal.pone.0107659.
36. Dong H., Wang S., Jia Y., Ni Y., Zhang Y., Zhaung S., Shen X., Thao R. Long-term effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk quality and hepatic gene expression in lactating goats fed a high-concentrate diet. PLoS One 2013, 8(12). 10.1371/journal.pone.0082850.
37. Drackley J.K., Cardoso F.C. Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems. Animal 2014, 8:5-14.
38. Esposito G., Irons P.C., Webb E.C., Chapwanya A. Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2014, 144:60-71.
39. Fairchild D.L., Pate J.L. Modulation of bovine luteal cell synthetic capacity by interferon-c. Biol. Reprod. 1991, 44:357-363.
40. Farney J.K., Mamedova L.K., Coetzee J.F., KuKanich B., Sordillo L.M., Stoakes S.K., Minton J.E., Hollis L.C., Bradford B.J. Anti-inflammatory salicylate treatment alters the metabolic adaptations to lactation in dairy cattle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2013, 305:R110-R117.
41. Fazeli A. Maternal communication with gametes and embryos. Theriogenology 2008, 70:1182-1187.
42. Fazio R.A., Buuck M.J., Schrick F.N. Embryonic development of frozen-thawed bovine embryos cultured in vitro in response to elevated concentrations of prostaglandin F2a. Biol. Reprod. 1997, 56:187.
43. Ferguson J.D. Body Condition Scoring. Proceeding of Mid-south Ruminant Nutrition Conference 2002, 56. (Arlington, Texas).
44. Fernando S.C., Purvis H.T., Najar F.Z., Sukharnikov L.O., Krehbiel C.R., Nagaraja T.G., Roe B.A., DeSilva U. Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010, 76:7482-7490.
45. Fink-Gremmels J. Mycotoxins and female reproduction: in vitro approaches. World Mycotoxin J. 2008, 6:245-253.
46. Garnsworthy P.C., Fouladi-Nashta A.A., Mann G.E., Sinclair K.D., Webb R. Effect of dietary-induced changes in plasma insulin concentrations during the early post partum period on pregnancy rate in dairy cows. Reproduction 2009, 137:759-768.
47. Garnsworthy P.C., Sinclair K.D., Webb R. Integration of physiological mechanisms that influence fertility in dairy cows. Animal 2008, 2:1144-1152.
48. Garverick H.A., Harris M.N., Vogel-Bluel R., Sampson J.D., Bader J., Lamberson W.R., Spain J.N., Lucy M.C., Youngquist R.S. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and glucose in blood of periparturient dairy cows are indicative of pregnancy success at first insemination. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:181-188.
49. Gessner D.K., Schlegel G., Keller J., Schwarz F.J., Ringseis R., Eder K. Expression of target genes of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in the liver of dairy cows in the transition period and at different stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:1038-1043.
50. GfE. Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Milchkühe und Aufzuchtrinder Nr. 8 Frankfurt am Main 2001, DLG-Verlag.
51. GfE. Communications of the Committee for Requirement Standards of the Society of Nutrition Physiology: evaluation of structural effectiveness of mixed rations for dairy cows - status and perspectives. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 2014, 23:165-179.
52. Graugnard D.E., Moyes K.M., Trevisi E., Khan M.J., Keisler D., Drackley J.K., Bertoni G., Loor J.J. Liver lipid content and inflammometabolic indices in peripartal dairy cows are altered in response to prepartal energy intake and postpartal intramammary inflammatory challenge. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:918-935.
53. Grum D.E., Drackley J.K., Younker R.S., LaCount D.W., Veenhuizen J.J. Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1996, 79:1850-1864.
54. Grummer R.R. Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1993, 76:3882-3896.
55. Gunter S.A., Beck P.A., Phillips J.M. Effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves. J. Anim. Sci. 2003, 81:856-864.
56. Guo Y., Xu X., Zou Y., Yang Z., Li S., Cao Z. Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 2013, 4:31.
57. Hansen P.J., Soto P., Natzke R.P. Mastitis and fertility in cattle - possible involvement of inflammation or immune activation in embryonic mortality. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2004, 51:294-301.
58. Haziak K., Herman A.P., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D. Effects of central injection of anti-LPS antibody and blockade of TLR4 on GnRH/LH secretion during immunological stress in anestrous ewes. Mediat. Inflamm. 2014, 10.1155/2014/867170.
59. Hollmann M., Miller I., Hummel K., Sabitzer S., Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Razzazi-Fazeli E., Zebeli Q. Downregulation of cellular protective factors of rumen epithelium in goats fed high energy diet. PLoS One 2013, 8(12). 10.1371/journal.pone.0081602.
60. Humblot P. Use of pregnancy specific proteins and progesterone assays to monitor pregnancy and determine the timing, frequencies and sources of embryonic mortality in ruminants. Theriogenology 2001, 56:1417-1433.
61. Humer E., Khol-Parisini A., Gruber L., Gasteiner J., Abdel-Raheem S.M., Zebeli Q. Long-term reticuloruminal pH dynamics and markers of liver health in early-lactating cows of various parities fed diets differing in grain processing. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 98:6433-6448.
62. Huntington G.B., Harmon D.L., Richards C.J. Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 2014, 84(E. Suppl.):E14-E24.
63. Iqbal S., Terrill S.J., Zebeli Q., Mazzolari A., Dunn S.M., Yang W.Z., Ametaj B.N. Treating barley grain with lactic acid and heat prevented sub-acute ruminal acidosis and increased milk fat content in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2012, 172:141-149.
64. Iqbal S., Zebeli Q., Mazzolari A., Dunn S.M., Ametaj B.N. Barley grain-based diet treated with lactic acid and heat modulated plasma metabolites and acute phase response in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 2012, 90:3143-3152.
65. Iqbal S., Zebeli Q., Mazzolari A., Bertoni G., Dunn S.M., Yang W.Z., Ametaj B.N. Feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid modulates rumen fermentation patterns and increases milk fat content in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:6023-6032.
66. Iqbal S., Zebeli Q., Mazzolari A., Dunn S.M., Ametaj B.N. Feeding rolled barley grain steeped in lactic acid modulated energy status and innate immunity in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:5147-5156.
67. Jia Y.Y., Wang S.Q., Ni Y.D., Zhang Y.S., Zhuang S., Shen X.Z. High concentrate-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases plasma acute phase proteins (APPs) and cortisol in goats. Animal 2014, 8:1433-1438.
68. Kafilzadeh F., Kheirmanesh H., Shabankareh H.K., Targhibi M.R., Maleki E., Ebrahimi M., Meng G.Y. Comparing the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin E, injective vitamin E and selenium or both during late pregnancy on production and reproductive performance and immune function of dairy cows and calves. Sci. World J. 2014, 10.1155/2014/165841.
69. Karcher E.L., Beitz D.C., Stabel J.R. Modulation of cytokine gene expression and secretion during the peri-parturient period in dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008, 123:277-288.
70. Khafipour E., Krause D.O., Plaizier J.C. A grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis challenge causes translocation of lipopolysaccharide and triggers inflammation. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:1060-1070.
71. Khiaosa-ard R., Zebeli Q. Cattle's variation in rumen ecology and metabolism and its contributions to feed efficiency. Livest. Sci. 2014, 162:66-75.
72. Kim I.H., Suh G.H. Effect of the amount of body condition loss from the dry to near calving periods on the subsequent body condition change, occurrence of postpartum diseases, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology 2003, 60:1445-1456.
73. Krause K.M., Oetzel G. Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2006, 126:215-236.
74. Lacetera N., Scalia D., Bernabucci U., Ronchi B., Pirazzi D., Nardone A. Lymphocyte functions in overconditioned cows around parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 2005, 88:2010-2016.
75. Leonardi C., Armentano L.E. Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:557-564.
76. Li S., Khafipour E., Krause D.O., Kroeker A., Rodriguez-Lecompte J.C., Gozho G.N., Plaizier J.C. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and hindgut of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:294-303.
77. Loor J.J., Everts R.E., Bionaz M., Dann H.M., Morin D.E., Oliveira R., Rodriguez-Zas S.L., Drackley J.K., Lewin H.A. Nutrition-induced ketosis alters metabolic and signaling gene networks in liver of periparturient dairy cows. Physiol. Genomics 2007, 32:105-116.
78. Lopez H., Satter L.D., Wiltbank M.C. Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2004, 81:209-223.
79. Lucy M.C. Regulation of ovarian follicular growth by somatotropin and insulin-like growth factors in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2000, 83:1635-1647.
80. Lucy M.C., Butler S.T., Garverick H.A. Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows. Animal 2014, 8:82-90.
81. Maekawa M., Beauchemin K.A., Christensen D.A. Chewing activity, saliva production, and ruminal pH of primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2002, 85:1176-1182.
82. Maillo V., Rizos D., Besenfelder U., Havlicek V., Kelly A.K., Garrett M., Lonergan P. Influence of lactation on metabolic characteristics and embryo development in postpartum Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:3865-3876.
83. Mao S.Y., Zhang R.Y., Wang D.S., Zhu W.Y. Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) adaption on rumen microbiota in dairy cattle using pyrosequencing. Anaerobe 2013, 24:12-19.
84. McCann S.M., Kimura M., Karanth S., Yu W.H., Mastronardi C.A., Rettori V. The mechanism of action of cytokines to control the release of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in infection. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 917:4-18.
85. Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Schmitz-Esser S., Klevenhusen F., Podstatzky-Lichtenstein L., Wagner M., Zebeli Q. Grain-rich diets differently alter ruminal and colonic abundance of microbial populations and lipopolysaccharide in goats. Anaerobe 2013, 20:65-73.
86. Nagaraja T., Titgemeyer E. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:E17-E38.
87. National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh 2001, National Academy Press, Washington DC. Revised Edition.
88. Oetzel G.R. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: physiology, pathophysiology, milk fat responses and nutritional management. Am. Assoc. Bovine Pract. 40th Annual Conference, Sept. 17. Vancouver, BC, Canada 2007.
89. Oetzel G.R., Nordlund K.V. Effect of dry matter intake and feeding frequency on ruminal pH in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1998, 81(Suppl. 1):297.
90. Offner A., Bach A., Sauvant D. Quantative review of in situ starch degradation in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2003, 106:81-93.
91. Ospina P., Nydam D., Stokol T., Overton T. Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:546-554.
92. Ospina P.A., Nydam D.V., Stokol T., Overton T.R. Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:3595-3601.
93. Padmanabhan V., Keech C., Convey E.M. Cortisol inhibits and adrenocorticotropin has no effect on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-induced release of luteinizing hormone from bovine pituitary cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1983, 112:1782.
94. Penner G.B., Beauchemin K.A., Mutsvangwa T. Severity of ruminal acidosis in primiparous Holstein cows during the periparturient period. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:365-375.
95. Penner G.B., Steele M.A., Aschenbach J.R., McBride B.W. Ruminant nutrition symposium: molecular adaptation of ruminal epithelia to highly fermentable diets. J. Anim. Sci. 2011, 89:1108-1119.
96. Peter A.T., Bosu W.T., DeDecker R.J. Suppression of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in heifers after intrauterine infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1989, 50:368-373.
97. Petri R.M., Schwaiger T., Penner G.B., Beauchemin K.A., Forster R.J., McKinnon J.J., McAllister T.A. Characterization of the core rumen microbiome in cattle during transition from forage to concentrate as well as during and after an acidotic challenge. PLoS One 2013, 8(12). 10.1371/journal.pone.0083424.
98. Petroff M.G., Petroff B.K., Pate J.L. Mechanisms of cytokine-induced death of cultured bovine luteal cells. Reproduction 2001, 121:753-760.
99. Plaizier J.C., Khafipour E., Li S., Gozho G.N., Krause D.O. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health consequences. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2012, 172:9-21.
100. Plaizier J.C., Krause D.O., Gozho G.N., McBride B.W. Subacute ruminal acidiosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences. Vet. J. 2008, 176:21-31.
101. Rahman M.M., Mazzilli M., Pennarossa G.T., Brevini A.L., Zecconi A., Gandolfi F. Chronic mastitis is associated with altered ovarian follicle development in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:1885-1893.
102. Reynolds C.K., Aikman P.C., Lupoli B., Humphries D.J., Beever D.E. Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:1201-1217.
103. Reynolds C.K., Humphries D.J., Cammell S.B., Benson J., Sutton J.D., Beever D.E. Effects of abomasal wheat starch infusion on splanchnic metabolism and energy balance of lactating cows. Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals 1998, 39-42. CAB International, New York, NY. K. McCracken, E.F. Unsworth, A.R.G. Wylie (Eds.).
104. Rezamand P., Hoagland T.A., Moyes K.M., Silbart L.K., Andrew S.M. Energy status, lipid-soluble vitamins, and acute phase proteins in periparturient Holstein and jersey dairy cows with or without subclinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:5097-5107.
105. Rhoads M.L., Rhoads R.P., Gilbert R.O., Toole R., Butler W.R. Detrimental effects of high plasma urea nitrogen levels on viability of embryos from lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2006, 91:1-10.
106. Ringseis R., Gessner D.K., Eder K. Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver-associated diseases in early-lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2015, 10.1111/jpn.12263.
107. Rizos D., Carter F., Besenfelder U., Havlicek V., Lonergan P. Contribution of the female reproductive tract to low fertility in postpartum lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:1022-1029.
108. Roche J.R., Bell A.W., Overton T.R., Loor J.J. Nutritional management of the transition cow in the 21st century - a paradigm shift in thinking. Anim. Prod. Sci. 2013, 53:1000-1023.
109. Røntved C.M., Andersen J.B., Dernfalk J., Ingvartsen K.L. Effects of diet energy density and milking frequency in early lactation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha responsiveness in dairy cows. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2005, 104(171):181.
110. Rukkwamsuk T., Wensing T., Kruip T.A. Relationship between triacylglycerol concentration in the liver and first ovulation in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 1999, 51:1133-1142.
111. Saleem F., Ametaj B.N., Bouatra S., Mandal R., Zebeli Q., Dunn S.M., Wishart D.S. A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain on rumen health in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:6606-6623.
112. Santos R.S., Fink-Gremmels J. Mycotoxin syndrome in dairy cattle: characterization and intervention results. World Mycotoxin J. 2014, 10.3920/WMJ2013.1577.
113. Schrick F.N., Hockett M.E., Saxton A.M., Lewis M.J., Dowlen H.H., Oliver S.P. Influence of subclinical mastitis during early lactation on reproductive parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 2001, 84:1407-1412.
114. Schröder B., Breves G. Mechanisms and regulation of calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in pigs and ruminants: comparative aspects with special emphasis on hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2006, 7:31-41.
115. Schröder U.J., Staufenbiel R. Invited review: methods to determine body fat reserves in the dairy cow with special regard to ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness. J. Dairy Sci. 2006, 89:1-14.
116. Segerson E.C., Riviere G.J., Dalton H.L., Whitacre M.D. Retained placenta of Holstein cows treated with selenium and vitamin E. J. Dairy Sci. 1981, 64:1833-1836.
117. Shrestha H.K., Nakao T., Suzuki T., Akita M., Higaki T. Relationships between body condition score, body weight, and some nutritional parameters in plasma and resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum during pre-service period in high-producing dairy cows in a subtropical region in Japan. Theriogenology 2005, 64:855-866.
118. Silveira C., Oba M., Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A. Selection of barley grain affects ruminal fermentation, starch digestibility, and productivity of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:2860-2869.
119. Sordillo L.M. Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2005, 98:89-99.
120. Sordillo L.M., Aitken S.L. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2009, 128:104-109.
121. Sordillo L.M., Contreras G.A., Aitken S. Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2009, 10:53-63.
122. Soto P., Natzke R.P., Hansen P.J. Actions of tumor necrosis factor-a on oocyte maturation and embryonic development in cattle. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2003, 50:380-388.
123. Spears J.W., Weiss W.P. Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Vet. J. 2008, 176:70-76.
124. Steele M.A., Croom J., Kahler M., AlZahal O., Hook S.E., Plaizier K., McBride B.W. Bovine rumen epithelium undergoes rapid structural adaptations during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2011, 300:R1515-R1523.
125. Steele M.A., Schiestel C., AlZahal O., Dionissopoulos L., Laarman A.H., Matthews J.C., McBride B.W. The periparturient period is associated with structural and transcriptomic adaptions of rumen papillae in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 98:1-13.
126. Suzuki C., Yoshioka K., Iwamura S., Hirose H. Endotoxin induces delayed ovulation following endocrine aberration during the proestrous phase in Holstein heifers. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2001, 20:267-278.
127. Tharwat M., Takamizawa A., Hosaka Y.Z., Endoh D., Oikawa S. Hepatocyte apoptosis in dairy cattle during the transition period. Can. J. Vet. Res. 2012, 76:241-247.
128. Thatcher W.W., Guzeloglu A., Mattos R., Binelli M., Hansen T.R., Pru J.K. Uterine-conceptus interactions and reproductive failure in cattle. Theriogenology 2001, 56:1435-1450.
129. Tomas F.M., Potter B.J. Site of magnesium absorption from ruminant stomach. Br. J. Nutr. 1976, 36:37-45.
130. Valko M., Leibfritz D., Moncol J., Cronin M.T.D., Mazur M., Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2007, 39:44-84.
131. Van der Drift S.G., Houweling M., Schonewille J.T., Tielens A.G., Jorritsma R. Protein and fat mobilization and associations with serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:4911-4920.
132. Wathes D., Cheng Z., Bourne N., Taylor V., Coffey M., Brotherstone S. Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2007, 33:203-225.
133. Williams C.L., Teeling J.L., Perry V.H., Fleming T.P. Mouse maternal systemic inflammation at the zygote stage causes blunted cytokine responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged adult offspring. BMC Biol. 2011, 19:49. 10.1186/1741-7007-9-49.
134. Wood L.G., Scott H.A., Garg M.L., Gibson P.G. Innate immune mechanisms linking non-esterified fatty acids and respiratory disease. Prog. Lipid Res. 2009, 48:27-43.
135. Zarrin M., Wellnitz P., van Dorland H.A., Gross J.J., Bruckmaier R.M. Hyperketonemia during lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis affects systemic and local intramammary metabolism in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2014, 97:3531-3541.
136. Zebeli Q., Metzler-Zebeli B. Interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 2012, 93:1099-1108.
137. Zebeli Q., Mansmann D., Ametaj B.N., Steingass H., Drochner W. A model to optimise the requirements of lactating dairy cows for physically effective neutral detergent fibre. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2010, 64:265-278.
138. Zebeli Q., Mansmann D., Steingass H., Ametaj B.N. Balancing diets for physically effective fibre and ruminally degradable starch: a key to lower the risk of sub-acute rumen acidosis and improve productivity of dairy cattle. Livest. Sci. 2010, 127:1-10.
139. Zebeli Q., Aschenbach J.R., Tafaj M., Boghun J., Ametaj B.N., Drochner W. Invited review: role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:1041-1056.
140. Zebeli Q., Dijkstra J., Tafaj M., Steingass H., Ametaj B.N., Drochner W. Modeling the adequacy of dietary fiber in dairy cows based on the responses of ruminal pH and milk fat production to composition of the diet. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:2046-2066.
141. Zebeli Q., Dunn S.M., Ametaj B.N. Strong associations among rumen endotoxin and acute phase proteins with plasma minerals in lactating cows fed graded amounts of concentrate. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 88:1545-1553.
142. Zebeli Q., Dunn S.M., Ametaj B.N. Perturbations of plasma metabolites correlated with the rise of rumen endotoxin in dairy cows fed diets rich in easily degradable carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci. 2011, 94:2374-2382.
143. Zebeli Q., Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Ametaj B.N. Meta-analysis reveals threshold level of rapidly fermentable dietary concentrate that triggers systemic inflammation in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:2662-2672.