Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences

Veterinary Journal

Volumn 176, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 21-31

  Plaizier, J C ^a   Krause, D O ^a   Gozho, G N ^b   McBride, B W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dairy cows; Dairy herd health; Milk production; Subacute ruminal acidosis

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; ENDOTOXIN; FATTY ACID; MILK FAT;

ANIMAL LAMENESS; ARTICLE; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CATTLE DISEASE; DAIRY CATTLE; DIARRHEA; DIET THERAPY; DIETARY FIBER; DIGESTION; FERMENTATION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOT DISEASE; FORAGE; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; LACTATION; LIPID STORAGE; LIVER ABSCESS; MILK PRODUCTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; STOMACH PH; SUBACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS;

ACIDOSIS; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; FEMALE; INCIDENCE; LACTATION; MILK; RUMEN; STOMACH DISEASES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 40649110927     PISSN: 10900233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.016     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. + transport across isolated rumen epithelium of sheep is diet dependent. British Journal of Nutrition 90 (2003) 751-758
2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2005. Canadian Dairy Industry Profile. http://www.dairyinfo.gc.ca/pdf/dayairyprofile.pdfAccessedOctober9, 2006.
3. Allen M.S. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83 (2000) 1598-1624
4. Alsemgeest S.P., Van't Klooster G.H., van Miert A.S., Hulskamp-Koch C.K., and Gruys E. Primary bovine hepatocytes in the study of cytokine induced acute-phase protein secretion in vitro. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 53 (1996) 179-184
5. Alsemgeest S.P., Kalsbeek H.C., Wensing T., Koeman J.P., van Ederen A.M., and Gruys E. Concentrations of serum amyloid-A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP) as parameters of inflammatory diseases in cattle. Veterinary Quarterly 16 (1994) 21-23
6. Alzahal O., Rustomo B., Odongo N.E., Duffield T.D., and McBride B.W. Technical note: a system for continuous recording of ruminal pH in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85 (2007) 213-217
7. Andersen, P.H., 2000. Bovine endotoxicosis: aspects of relevance to ruminal acidosis. Dr.Vet. Sci. Thesis, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen.
8. Andersen P.H., Hesselholt M., and Jarlov N. Endotoxin and arachidonic acid metabolites in portal, hepatic and arterial blood of cattle with acute ruminal acidosis. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavia 35 (1994) 223-234
9. Argenzio R.A., Henrikson C.K., and Liacos J.A. Restitution of barrier and transport function of porcine colon after acute mucosal injury. American Journal of Physiology and Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology 255 (1988) G62-G71
10. Aschenbach J.R., Oswald R., and Gabel G. Transport, catabolism and release of histamine in the ruminal epithelium of sheep. Pflugers Archives 440 (2000) 171-178
11. Baumann H., and Gauldie J. The acute phase response. Immunology Today 15 (1994) 74-80
12. Bauman D.E., and Griinari J.M. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition 23 (2003) 203-327
13. Beauchemin K.A., Yang W.Z., and Rode L.M. Effects of particle size of alfalfa based dairy cow diets on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (2003) 630-643
14. Bennink M.R., Tyler T.R., Ward G.M., and Johnson D.E. Ionic milieu of bovine and ovine rumen as affected by diet. Journal of Dairy Science 61 (1978) 315-321
15. Bhandari S.K., Plaizier J.C., Ominski K.O., and Wittenberg K.M. Effect of chop lengths of alfalfa and corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed total mixed rations. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84 (2004) 760
16. Bhandari S.K., Plaizier J.C., Ominski K.H., and Wittenberg K.M. Effects of chop lengths of alfalfa and oat silage on feed intake, rumen pH, and feeding behavior of dairy cows fed total mixed ration. Journal of Dairy Science 89 Suppl. 1 (2006) 262
17. Bonhomme A. Rumen cilates: their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts. Animal Feed Science and Technology 30 (1990) 203-266
18. Byers F.M., and Schelling G.T. Lipids in ruminant nutrition. In: Church D.C. (Ed). The Ruminant Animal, Digestive Physiology and Nutrition (1988), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 298-312
19. Calberry J.M., Plaizier J.C., Einarson M.S., and McBride B.W. Replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage in a high barley concentrate total mixed ration. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (2003) 3611-3619
20. Canwest, D.H.I., 2004. 2003 DHI Herd Improvement Report. Canwest DHI, Guelph, ON, Canada.
21. - across forestomach epithelium. American Journal of Physiology 223 (1972) 997-1003
22. Church D.C. Salivary function and production. In: Church D.C. (Ed). The Ruminant Animal, Digestive Physiology and Nutrition (1988), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 117-124
23. Cooper R.J., Klopfenstein T.J., Stock R.A., Hilton C.A., Herold D.W., and Parrott J.C. Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 77 (1999) 1093-1099
24. Diez-Gonzalez F., Callaway T.R., Kizoulis M.G., and Russell J.B. Grain feeding and the dissemination of acid-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281 (1998) 1666-1678
25. Dirksen G., Liebich H.G., and Mayer W. Adaptive changes of the ruminal mucosa and their function and clinical significance. Bovine Practitioner 20 (1985) 116-120
26. Dougherty R.W., Coburn K.S., Cook H.M., and Allison M. A preliminary study of the appearance of endotoxin in the circulatory system of sheep and cattle after induced grain-engorgement. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36 (1975) 831-832
27. Duffield T., Plaizier J.C., Bagg R., Vessie G., Dick P., Wilson J., Aramini J., and McBride B.W. Comparison of techniques for measurement of rumen pH in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) 59-66
28. Einarson M.S., Plaizier J.C., and Wittenberg K.M. Effects of barley silage chop length on productivity and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) 2987-2996
29. Einarson M.S., Plaizier J.C., Calberry J.M., and Wittenberg K.M. Effects of replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage in a barley grain based total mixed rations containing different forages on production and rumen conditions in lactating dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85 (2005) 251-253
30. Enemark J.M.D., Jorgensen R.J., and Enemark P. Rumen acidosis with special emphasis on diagnostic aspects of subclinical rumen acidosis: a review. Veterinarijair ir Zootechnika 20 (2002) 16-29
31. Fairfield A.M., Plaizier J.C., Duffield T.F., Lindinger M.I., Bagg R., Dick P., and McBride B.W. Effects of a prepartum administration of a monensin controlled release capsule on rumen pH, feed intake, and milk production of transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (2007) 937-945
32. Frankena K., Van Keulen K.A.S., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M., Noordhuizen-Strassen E.N., Gundelach J., De Jong D.-J., and Saedt I. A cross-sectional study into prevalence and risk indicators of digital hemorrhages in female dairy calves. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134 (1992) 1-12
33. - absorption in isolated sheep rumen mucosa. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 161 (1991) 419-426
34. Garner M.R., Flint J.F., and Russell J.B. Allisonella histaminiformans gen. nov., sp. nov. A novel bacterium that produces histamine, utilizes histidine as its sole energy source, and could play a role in bovine and equine laminitis. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 25 (2002) 498-506
35. Garner M.R., Gronquist M.R., and Russell J.B. Nutritional requirements of Allisonella histaminiformans, a ruminal bacterium that decarboxylates histidine and produces histamine. Current Microbiology 49 (2004) 295-299
36. Garrett E.F., Nordlund K.V., Goodger W.J., and Oetzel G.R. A cross-sectional field study investigating the effect of periparturient dietary management on ruminal pH in early lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 Suppl.1 (1997) 169
37. Garrett E.F., Pereira M.N., Nordlund K.V., Armentano L.E., Goodger W.J., and Oetzel G.R. Diagnostic methods for the detection of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82 (1999) 1170-1178
38. Gilbert R.A., Tomkins N., Padmanabha J., Gough J.M., Krause D.O., and McSweeney C.S. Effect of finishing diets on Escherichia coli populations and prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli virulence genes in cattle feces. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99 (2005) 885-894
39. Goad D.W., Goad C.L., and Nagaraja T.G. Ruminal microbial and fermentative changes associated with experimentally induced subacute acidosis in steers. Journal of Animal Science 76 (1998) 234-241
40. Gozho G.N., Plaizier J.C., Krause D.O., Kennedy A.D., and Wittenberg K.M. Subacute ruminal acidosis induces ruminal lipopolysaccharide release and triggers an inflammatory response. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (2005) 1399-1403
41. Gozho G.N., Krause D.O., and Plaizier J.C. Effects of gradual adaptation to concentrate and subsequent induction of subacute ruminal acidosis in steers on ruminal lipopolysaccharide and acute phase proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 89 (2006) 4404-4413
42. Gozho G.N., Krause D.O., and Plaizier J.C. Ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and inflammatory response during grain induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (2007) 856-866
43. Greenough P.R., Vermunt J.J., McKinnon J.J., Fabby F.A., Borg P.A., and Cohen R.D.H. Laminitis like changes in the claws of feedlot cattle. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31 (1990) 202-208
44. Griinari J.M., McGuire M.A., Dwyer D.A., Bauman D.E., and Palmquist D.L. Role of insulin in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 (1997) 1076-1084
45. Griinari J.M., Dwyer D.A., McGuire M.A., Bauman D.E., Palmquist D.L., and Nurmela K.V. trans-Octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81 (1998) 1251-1261
46. Grönlund U., Sandgren C.H., and Waller K.P. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk from dairy cows with chronic sub-clinical mastitis. Veterinary Research 36 (2005) 191-198
47. Gyles CL. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: an overview. Journal of Animal Science 85 (2007) E45-E62
48. Hall, M.B., 2002. Rumen acidosis: carbohydrate feeding considerations. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 51-69.
49. Hayward R.D., Leong J.M., Koronakis V., and Campellone K.G. Exploiting pathogenic Escherichia coli to model transmembrane receptor signalling. National Review on Microbiology 4 (2006) 358-370
50. Heinrichs, J., Kononoff, P., 2002. Evaluating Particle Size of Forages and TMRs using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator. DAS 02-42. Pennsylvania State University, University Park. PA, USA, pp. 3.
51. Hirvonen J., Huszenicza G., Kulscàr M., and Pyöraälä S. Acute phase proteins of dairy cows with acute postpartum metritis. Theriogenology 51 (1999) 1071-1083
52. Horadagoda N.U., Knox K.M., Gibbs H.A., Reid S.W., Horadagoda A., Edwards S.E., and Eckersall P.D. Acute phase proteins in cattle: discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation. Veterinary Record 144 (1999) 437-441
53. Huber T.L. Physiological effects of acidosis on feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 43 (1976) 902-909
54. Ireland-Perry R.L., and Stallings C.C. Fecal consistency as related to dietary composition in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76 (1993) 1074-1082
55. Jacobsen S., Andersen P.H., Toelboell T., and Heegaard P.M.H. Dose dependency and individual variability of the lipopoly-saccharide-induced bovine acute phase protein response. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) 3330-3339
56. Keunen J.E., Plaizier J.C., Kyriazakis I., Duffield T.F., Widowski T.M., Lindinger M.I., and McBride B.W. Effects of a subacute ruminal acidosis model on the diet selection of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (2002) 3304-3313
57. Khafipoor E., Krause D.O., and Plaizier J.C. Influence of grain induced sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA on lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and acute phase proteins. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86 (2006) 577
58. Khafipoor, E., Krause, D.O., Plaizier, J.C., 2007. Induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by replacing alfalfa hay with alfalfa pellets does not stimulate inflammatory response in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 85 (Suppl. 1)/Journal of Dairy Science 90 (Suppl. 1)/Poultry Science (Suppl. 1), 654.
59. Kleen J.L., Hooijer G.A., Rehage J., and Noordhuizen J.P. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. Physiology Pathology and Clinical Medicine 50 (2003) 406-414
60. Krajcarski-Hunt H., Plaizier J.C., Walton J.-P., Spratt R., and McBride B.W. Short communication: effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ fiber digestion in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (2002) 570-573
61. Krause D.O., Smith W.J., Conlan L.L., Gough J.M., Williamson M.A., and McSweeney C.S. Diet influences the ecology of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli along the digestive tract of cattle: neural networks and 16S rDNA. Microbiology 149 (2003) 57-65
62. Krause K.M., and Oetzel G.R. Inducing subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (2005) 3633-3639
63. Kyaw-Tanner M., and Pollitt C.C. Equine laminitis: increased transcription of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) occurs during the developmental phase. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 221-225
64. Leonardi C., and Armentano L.E. Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (2003) 557-564
65. Lecklin A., and Tuomisto L. Feed intake after inhibition of histamine catabolism. Agents and Actions 30 (1990) 216-219
66. Liang F., Wan S., Li Z., Xiong X., Yang L., Zhou X., and Wu C. Medical applications of macrocyclic polyamines. Current Medical Chemistry 13 (2006) 711-727
67. Maekawa M., Beauchemin K.A., and Christensen D.A. Effect of concentrate level and feeding management on chewing activities, saliva production, and ruminal pH of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (2002) 1165-1175
68. Martens H., Gäbel G., and Strozyk B. Mechanism of electrically silent Na and Cl transport across the rumen epithelium of sheep. Experimental Physiology 76 (1991) 103-114
69. Mertens D.R. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 (1997) 1463-1481
70. Nagaraja T.G., Bartley E.E., Fina L.R., and Anthony H.D. Relationship of rumen gram-negative bacteria and free endotoxin to lactic acidosis in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 47 (1978) 1329-1336
71. Nakamura T., Ueno Y., Goda Y., Nakamura A., Shinjo K., and Nagahisa A. Efficacy of a selective histamine H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, in experimental models of endotoxin shock and hepatitis in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 322 (1997) 83-89
72. National Research Council, 2001. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
73. Nocek J.E. Bovine acidosis: implications on laminitis. Journal of Dairy Science 80 (1997) 1005-1028
74. Nordlund K.V., Garrett E.F., and Oetzel G.R. Herd-based rumenocentesis: a clinical approach to the diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis. Compendium for continuing education for the practicing veterinarian. Food Animals 17 (1995) s48-s56
75. Nordlund K.V., Cook N.B., and Oetzel G.R. Investigation strategies for laminitis problem herds. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) E27-E35
76. Oetzel G.R. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cattle. Advances in Dairy Technology 15 (2003) 307-317
77. Oetzel G.R., Nordlund K.V., and Garett E.F. Effect of ruminal pH and stage of lactation on ruminal lactate concentration in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82 Suppl. 1 (1999) P35
78. O'Grady, L., Mulligan, F.J., McCarney, C., Lightbody, W.P., Duane, M., Callan, J., Doherty, M.L., 2006. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in grazing cattle. In: Proceedings of the Dairy Solutions Symposium on "Production Diseases of the Transition Cow". University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, September 28-29, 2006, pp. 46-47.
79. Os M., van Vuuren A.M., and van Spoelstra S.F. Mechanisms of adaptation in sheep to overcome silage intake depression induced by biogenic amines. British Journal of Nutrition 77 (1997) 399-415
80. Plaizier J.C. Alfalfa as chopped hay or silage in alfalfa based total mixed rations for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) 2495-2505
81. Plaizier J.C., Keunen J.E., Walton J.-P., Duffield T.F., and McBride B.W. Short communication: effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ digestion of mixed hay in lactating dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81 (2001) 421-423
82. Plaizier J.C., Garner T., Droppo T., and Whiting T. Nutritional practices on Manitoba dairy farms. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84 (2004) 501-509
83. Reynolds C.K., Dürst B., Lupoli B., Humphries D.J., and Beever D.E. Visceral tissue mass and rumen volume in dairy cows during the transition from late gestation to early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (2004) 961-971
84. Rossi R., Del Prete E., and Scharrer E. Effects of histamine H1 receptors on the feeding and drinking patterns in pygmy goats. Journal of Dairy Science 81 (1998) 2369-2375
85. Ruegg, P., 2000. Hooves: a laminitis history book. In: Proceedings Annual Conference of the American Society for Bovine Practitioners, vol. 33, pp. 69-74.
86. Rustomo B., Cant J.P., Fan M.P., Duffield T.F., Odongo N.E., and McBride B.W. Acidogenic value of feeds I. The relationship between the acidogenic value of feeds and in vitro ruminal pH changes. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86 (2006) 109-117
87. Rustomo B., Alzahal O., Cant J.P., Fan M.Z., Duffield T.F., Odongo N.E., and McBride B.W. Acidogenic value of feeds II. Effects of rumen acid load from feeds on dry matter intake, ruminal pH, fiber degradability and milk production in the lactating dairy cow. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86 (2006) 119-127
88. Rustomo B., AlZahal O., Odongo N.E., Duffield T.F., and McBride B.W. Effects of rumen acid load from feed and forage particle size on ruminal pH and dry matter intake in the lactating dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science 89 (2006) 4758-4768
89. Sehested J., Diernes L., Møller P.D., and Skadhauge E. Transport of sodium across the isolated bovine rumen epithelium: interaction with short-chain fatty acids, chloride and bicarbonate. Experimental Physiology 81 (1996) 79-94
90. Shi Y., and Weimer P.J. Response surface analysis of the effects of pH and dilution rate on Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 in cellulose-fed continuous culture. Applied Environmental Microbiology 58 (2002) 2583-2591
91. Slyter L.L., and Rumsey T.S. Effect of coliform bacteria, feed deprivation, and pH on ruminal d-lactic acid production by steer or continuous-culture microbial populations changed from forage to concentrates. Journal of Animal Science 69 (1991) 3055-3066
92. Stone, W.C., 1999. The effect of subclinical acidosis on milk components. In: Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, pp. 40-46.
93. Stone W.C. Nutritional approaches to minimize subacute ruminal acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 87 E.Suppl. (2004) E13-E26
94. Underwood W.J. Rumen lactic acidosis. Part II. Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Compendium for continuing education for the practicing veterinarian. Food Animals 14 (1992) 1265-1270
95. Van Soest P.J. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. second ed. (1994), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
96. Vignola A.M., Merendino A.M., Chiappara G., Chanez P., Pace E., Siena L., Profita M., Bousquet J., and Bonsignore G. Markers of acute airway inflammation. Monaldi Archives for Chest Diseases 52 (1997) 83-85
97. Waldron M.R., Nishida T., Nonnecke B.J., and Overton T.R. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on indices of peripheral and hepatic metabolism in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (2003) 3447-3459
98. Weingarten H.P. Cytokines and food intake: the relevance of the immune system to the student of ingestive behavior. Neuroscience Biobehavior Review 20 (1996) 163-170
99. Wells J.E., and Russel J.B. Why do many ruminal bacteria die and lyse so quickly?. Journal of Dairy Science 79 (1996) 1487-1495
100. Werling D.F., Sutter M., Arnold G., Kun P.C., Tooten E., Gruys M., Kreuzer W., and Langhans W. Characterization of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide. Research in Veterinary Science (1996) 252-257
101. Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A., and Rode L.M. Effects of grain processing, forage to concentrate ratio, and forage particle size on rumen pH and digestion by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 84 (2001) 2203-2216
102. Yang W.Z., and Beauchemin K.A. Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science 89 (2006) 217-228