Coconut, date, and oil palm genomics

Genomics of Tree Crops

Volumn 9781461409205, Issue , 2012, Pages 299-351

  Meerow, Alan W ^a   Krueger, Robert R ^b   Singh, Rajinder ^c   Low, Eng Ti L ^c   Ithnin, Maizura ^c   Ooi, Leslie C L ^c  

^a U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

^b USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository   (United States)

^c MALAYSIAN PALM OIL BOARD   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Arecaceae; Crop improvement; Genome sequencing; Germplasm; Marker assisted selection; Microsatellite DNA; Palm; QTL

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949176967     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0920-5_10     Document Type: Chapter

References (303)

1. Abdulla M, Gamal O. (2010). Investigation on molecular phylogeny of some date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivars by protein, RAPD and ISSR markers in Saudi Arabia. Aust J Crop Sci 4:23-28
2. Abdullah SNA, Ramli Z. (2007). Regulatory sequences for regulation of gene expression in plants and other organisms, and composition, products and methods related thereto. United States Patent US 7,173,120-B2, 6 Feb 2007
3. Aberlenc-Bertossi F, Chabrillange N, Duval Y, Tregear J. (2008). Contrasting globulin and cysteine proteinase gene expression patterns reveal fundamental developmental differences between zygotic and somatic embryos of oil palm. Tree Physiol 28:1157-1167
4. Adam H, Jouannic S, Morcillo F, Richaud F, Duval Y, Tregear JW. (2006). MADS box genes in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ): patterns in the evolution of the SQUAMOSA, DEFICIENS, GLOBOSA, AGAMOUS, and SEPALLATA subfamilies. J Mol Evol 62:15-31
5. Adam H, Jouannic S, Orieux Y, Morcillo F, Richaud F, Duval Y, Tregear JW. (2007). Functional characterization of MADS box genes involved in the determination of oil palm flower structure. J Exp Bot 58:1245-1259
6. Ahmed TA, Al-Qaradawi AY. (2009). Molecular phylogeny of Qatari date palm genotypes using simple sequence repeats markers. Biotechnology 8:126-131
7. Ahmed TA, Al-Qaradawi AY. (2010). Genetic diversity of date palm genotypes in Qatar as determined by SSR and ISSR markers. Acta Hortic 882:279-286
8. Akkak A, Scariot V, Torello Marinoni D, Boccacci P, Beltramo C, Botta R. (2009). Development and evaluation of microsatellite markers in Phoenix dactylifera L. and their transferability to other Phoenix species. Biol Plant 53:164-166
9. Al-Ani B, Zaid A, Shabana H. (2010). On the status of chromosomes of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Acta Hortic 882:253-268
10. Al-Dous EK, George B, Al-Mahmoud ME, Al-Jaber MY, Wang H, Salameh YM, Al-Azwami EK, Chaludavi S, Pontaroli AC, DeBarry J, Ohlrogge J, Arondel V, Saie IJ, Suliman-Elmcer KM, Bennetzen JL, Krueger RR, Malek JA. (2011). De novo genome sequencing and comparative genomics of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Nat Biotechnol 29(6):521-527
11. Al-Jibouri AAM, Adham KM. (1990). Biochemical classification of date palm male cultivars. J Hortic Sci 65:725-729
12. Al-Khalifa NS, Askari E. (2003). Molecular phylogeny of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivars from Saudi Arabia by DNA fingerprinting. Theor Appl Genet 107:1266-1270
13. Al-Khalifa NS, Askari E. (2007). Early detection of genetic variation in date palms propagated from tissue culture and offshoots by DNA fingerprinting. Acta Hortic 736:105-112
14. Allen E, Xie Z, Gustafson AM, Carrington JC. (2005). MicroRNA-directed phasing during transacting siRNA biogenesis in plants. Cell 121:207-221
15. Al-Ruqaishi IA, Davey M, Alderson P, Mayes S. (2008). Genetic relationships and genotype tracing in date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L) in Oman, based on microsatellite markers. Plant Genet Resour: Charact Util 6:70-72
16. Aranzana MJ, Kim S, Zhao K, Bakker E, Horton M, Jakob K, Lister C, Molitor J, Shindo C, Tang C, Toomajian C, Traw B, Zheng H, Bergelson J, Dean C, Marjoram P, Nordborg M. (2005). Genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis identifies previously known flowering time and pathogen resistance genes. PLoS Genet 1:e60
17. Ashburner GR. (1995). Genetic markers for coconut palms. In: Oropeza C, Howard FW, Ashburner GR (eds) Lethal yellowing: research and practical aspects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 173-186
18. Ashburner GR. (1999). The application of molecular markers to coconut genetic improvement. In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardena R, Santamaria JM (eds) Current advances in coconut biotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 33-44
19. Ashburner GR, Thompson WK, Halloran GM. (1997). RAPD analysis of South Pacific coconut palm populations. Crop Sci 37:992-997
20. Asmono D, Hartana A, Guhardja E, Yahya S. (1993). Genetic diversity and similarity of 35 coconut populations based on isoenzyme banding pattern analysis. Bul Pusat Penelitian Kepala Sawit 1:39-54
21. Asmussen CB, Baker WJ, Dransfield J. (2000). Phylogeny of the palm family (Arecaceae) based on rps16 intron and trnL -trnF plastid DNA sequences. In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA (eds) Systematics and evolution of monocots. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp 525-537
22. Asmussen CB, Dransfield J, Deickmann V, Barfod AS, Pintaud J-C, Baker WJ. (2006). A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae ): evidence from plastid DNA. Bot J Linn Soc 151:15-38
23. Atwell S, Huang YS, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Willems G, Horton M, Li Y, Meng D, Platt A, Tarone AM, Hu TT, Jiang R, Muliyati NW, Zhang X, Amer MA, Baxter I, Brachi B, Chory J, Dean C, Debieu M, De Meaux J, Ecker JR, Faure N, Kniskern JM, Jones JDG, Michael T, Nemri A, Roux F, Salt DE, Tang C, Todesco M, Traw MB, Weigel D, Marjoram P, Borevitz JO, Bergelson J, Nordborg M. (2010). Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines. Nature 465:627-631
24. Azeqour M, Majhourat K, Baaziz M. (2002). Morphological variations in isozyme polymorphism of date palm clones from in vitro culture acclimated and established in South Morocco. Euphytica 123:57-66
25. Baaziz M, Saaidi M. (1988). Preliminary Identification of date palm cultivars by esterase isoenzymes and peroxidase activities. Can J Bot 66:89-93
26. Balick MJ, Beck HT (eds). (1990). Useful palms of the world, a synoptic bibliography. Columbia University Press, New York, 724
27. Barakat A, Tan Han D, Benslimae A-A, Rode A, Bernardi G. (1999). The gene distribution in the genomes of pea, tomato and date palm. FEBS Lett 463:139-142
28. Barrett HC. (1973). Date breeding and improvement in North America. Fruit Varieties J 27:50-55
29. Barrow SC. (1998). A monograph of Phoenix L (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bull 53:513-575
30. Baudouin L, Lebrun P. (2002). The development of a microsatellite kit for use with coconuts. IPGRI, Rome, 66
31. Baudouin L, Lebrun P. (2009). Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) DNA studies support the hypothesis of an ancient Austronesian migration from Southeast Asia to America. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56:257-262
32. Baudouin L, Lebrun P, Rognon F, Ritter E. (2005). Use of molecular markers for coconut improvement: status and prospects. In: Batugal P, Ramanatha R, Oliver J (eds) Coconut genetic resources. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute -Regional Office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania (IPGRI-APO), Serdang, pp 268-281
33. Baudouin L, Lebrun P, Konan JL, Ritter E, Berger A, Billotte N. (2006). QTL analysis of fruit components in the progeny of a Rennell Island Tallcoconut (Cocos nucifera L) individual. Theor Appl Genet 112:258-268
34. Baudouin L, Lebrun P, Berger A, Myrie W, Been B, Dollet M. (2008). The Panama Tall and the Maypan hybrid coconut in Jamaica: did genetic contamination cause a loss of resistance to lethal yellowing?. Euphytica 161:353-360
35. Beal JM. (1937). Cytological studies in the genus Phoenix. Bot Gaz 99:400-407
36. Beaulieu JM, Moles AT, Leitch IJ, Bennett MD, Dickie JB, Knight CA. (2007). Correlated evolution of genome size and seed mass. New Phytol 173:422-437
37. Ben Abdallah A, Stiti K, Lepoivre P, du Jardin P. (2000). Identification De cultivars De palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L) par l,ampli fication aléatoire d,AND (RAPD). Cah Agric 9:103-107
38. Bendiab K, Baaziz M, Brakez Z, Sedra MH. (1993). Correlation of isozyme polymorphism and Bayoud-disease resistance in date palm cultivars and progeny. Euphytica 65:23-32
39. Bendiab K, Maaziz M, Majourhat M. (1998). Preliminary date palm cultivar composition of Moroccan palm groves as revealed by leaf isoenzyme phenotypes. Biochem Syst Ecol 26:71-82
40. Bennaceur M, Lanaud C, Chevallier MH, Bounaga N. (1991). Genetic diversity of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) from Algeria revealed by enzyme markers. Plant Breed 107:56-69
41. Benoit H. (1979). Isozymic variation within and between coconut populations. Paper presented during the 50th session of the FAO technical working party on coconut production, protection and processing, Manila, 3-8 Dec 1979
42. Benoit H, Ghesquière M. (1984). Electrophrèse, compte rendu cocotier. IV. Le déterminisme génétique. CIRAD-IRHO, Montpellier
43. Benslimane AA, Rose A, Quétier F, Hartmann C. (1994). Characterization of two minicircular plasmid-like DNAs isolated from date-palm mitochondria. Curr Genet 26:535-541
44. Benslimane AA, Hartmann C, Ouenzar B, Rode A. (1996). Intramolecular recombination of a mitochondrial minicircular plasmid-like DNA of date-palm mediated by a set of short direct-repeat sequences. Curr Genet 29:591-593
45. Beulé T, Camps C, Debiesse S, Tranchant C, Dussert S, Sabau X, Jaligot E, Alwee SSRS, Tregear JW. (2010). Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes associated with the mantled homeotic flowering abnormality in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Tree Genet Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-010-0323-9
46. Billotte N, Risterucci AM, Barcelos E, Noyer JL, Amblard P, Baurens FC. (2001). Development, characterisation, and across-taxa utility of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) microsatellite markers. Genome 44:413-425
47. Billotte N, Marseillac N, Brottier P, Noyer J-L, Jacquemond-Collet J-P, Moreau C, Couvreur T, Chevallier M-H, Pintaus J-C, Risterucci A-M. (2004). Nuclear microsatellite markers for the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L): characterization and utility across the genus Phoenix and in other palm genera. Mol Ecol Notes 4:256-258
48. Billotte N, Marseillac N, Risterucci AM, Adon B, Brottier P, Baurens FC, Singh R, Herrán A, Asmady H, Billot C, Amblard P, Durand-Gasselin T, Courtois B, Asmono D, Cheah SC, Rohde W, Ritter E, Charrier A. (2005). Microsatellite-based high density linkage map in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Theor Appl Genet 110:754-765
49. Billotte N, Jourjon MF, Marseillac N, Berger A, Flori A, Asmady H, Adon B, Singh R, Nouy B, Potier F, Cheah SC, Rohde W, Ritter E, Courtois B, Charrier A, Mangin B. (2010). QTL detection by multi-parent linkage mapping in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Theor Appl Genet 120:1673-1687
50. Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB. (1996). Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene recovery. Genome Res 6:791-806
51. Borrone JW, Kuhn DN, Schnell RJ. (2004). Isolation, characterization, and development of WRKY genes as useful genetic markers in Theobroma cacao . Theor Appl Genet 109:495-507
52. Bouchireb N, Clark MS. (1997). The application of biotechnology to date palm culture. In: Watanabe K, Pehu E (eds) Plant biotechnology and plant genetic resources for sustainability and productivity. RG Landes Co., Austin, pp 183-195
53. Budiman MA, Singh R, Low ETL, Nunberg A, Citek R, Rohlfing T, Bedell JA, Lakey ND, Martienssen RA, Cheah SC. (2005). Sequencing of the oil palm genespace. In: Proceedings of PIPOC 2005 international palm oil congress. Agriculture, biotechnology and sustainability conference, Kuala Lumpur, 25-29 Sept 2005, pp 628-639
54. Canto-Canché B, Quintal-Salazar E, Villanueva MA. (1992). Biochemical markers of variety in Cocos nucifera L. from Yucatan. Turrialba 42:375-381
55. Cao BR, Chao C-CT. (2002). Identification of date cultivars in California using AFLP markers. HortScience 37:966-968
56. Cardeña R, Oropeza C, Zizumbo D. (1998). Leaf proteins as markers useful in the genetic improvement of coconut palms. Euphytica 102:81-86
57. Cardeña R, Ashburner GR, Oropeza C. (2003). Identification of RAPDs associated with resistance to lethal yellowing of the coconut (Cocos nucifera L) palm. Sci Hortic 98:257-263
58. Carpenter JB, Elmer HS. (1978). Pests and diseases of the date palm. Agriculture handbook no. 527. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 42
59. Carpenter JB, Ream CL. (1976). Date palm breeding, a review. Date Grow Inst Rep 53:25-33
60. Carpio CB. (1982). Biochemical studies of Cocos nucifera L. Kalikasan Philipp J Biol 11:319-338
61. Castilho A, Vershinin A, Heslop-Harrison JS. (2000). Repetitive DNA and the chromosomes in the genome of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Ann Botany 85:837-844
62. Cha TS, Shah FH. (2001). Kernel-specific cDNA clones encoding three different isoforms of seed storage protein glutelin from oil palm Elaeis guineensis . Plant Sci 160:913-923
63. Chan PL, Ma LS, Low ETL, Elyana MS, Ooi LCL, Cheah SC, Singh R. (2010). Normalized embryoid cDNA library of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Electron J Biotechnol 13:14
64. Chao CCT, Krueger RR. (2007). The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L): overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. HortScience 42:1077-1082
65. Chao CCT, Krueger RR. (2008). Phoenix dactylifera . In: Janick J, Paull RE (eds) Encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Cambridge, pp 138-150
66. Cheah SC, Siti Nor Akmar A, Ooi LCL, Rahimah AR, Maria M. (1993). Detection of DNA variability in the oil palm using RFLP probes. In: Proceedings of the 1991 PORIM international palm oil conference: agriculture (module 1), Malaysia, pp 144-150
67. Cheah SC, Ooi LCL, Rahimah AR. (1996). Quality control process for oil palm tissue culture using DNA probes. PORIM information series no. 40. Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM), Bangi
68. Cheah SC, Low ETL, Rajinder S, Fatimah HAZ, Mardhiah MZ (2003). Palm genes. MPOB information series no. 186. Malaysia Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Bangi
69. Chevalier A. (1934). La patrie des divers Elaeis, les especes et les varieties. Rev Bot Appl Agric Trop 14:187-196
70. Ching A, Caldwell KS, Jung M, Dolan M, Smith OS, Tingey S, Morgante M, Rafalski AJ. (2002). SNP frequency, haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium in elite maize inbred lines. BMC Genet 3:19. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-3-19
71. Choong Y, Shah H, Rajanaidu N, Zakri H. (1996). Isoenzyme variation of Zairean oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) germplasm collection. Elaeis 8:45-53
72. Cochard B, Adon B, Rekima S, Billotte N, De Chenon RD, Koutou A, Nouy B, Omore A, Purba AR, Glazsmann JC, Noyer JL. (2009). Geographic and genetic structure of African oil palm diversity suggests new approaches to breeding. Tree Genet Genomes 5:493-504
73. Cockram J, White J, Zuluaga DL, Smith D, Comadran J, Macaulay M, Luo Z, Kearsey MJ, Werner P, Harrap D, Tapsell C, Liu H, Hedley PE, Stein N, Schulte D, Steuernagel B, Marshall DF, Thomas WTB, Ramsay L, Mackay I, Balding DJ, The Agoueb Consortium, Waugh R, O,sullivan DM. (2010). Genome-wide association mapping to candidate polymorphism resolution in the unsequenced barley genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:21611-21616
74. Cohen Y, Gurevich V, Korchinsky R. (2007). Molecular and phenotypic characterization of somaclonal variation in date palm off-types originated from tissue culture. Acta Hortic 738:417-423
75. Comstock RR, Robinson HF. (1952). Estimation of average dominance of genes. In: Gowen JW (ed) Heterosis. Iowa State College Press, Iowa, pp 494-516
76. Corley RHV. (1983). Potential productivity of tropical perennial crops. Exp Agric 19:217-237
77. Corley RHV. (1998). What is the upper limit to oil extraction ratio?. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International oil palm conference Oil and kernel production in oil palm -a global perspective (eds N Rajanaidu, IE Henson and BS Jalani), Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, pp 256-269
78. Corley RHV, Lee CH. (1992). The physiological basis for genetic improvement of oil palm in Malaysia. Euphytica 60:179-184
79. Corner EJH. (1966). The natural history of palms. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London
80. Corniquel B, Mercier L. (1994). Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivar Identification by RFLP and RAPD. Plant Sci 101:163-172
81. Corniquel B, Mercier L. (1997). Identification of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivars by RFLP: partial characterization of a cDNA probe that contains a sequence encoding a zinc fi nger motif. Int J Plant Sci 158:152-156
82. Darlington SD, Wylie AP. (1955). Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London
83. Dasanayaka PN, Everard JMDT, Karunanayaka EH, Nandadasa HG. (2009). Analysis of coconut (Cocos nucifera L) diversity using microsatellite markers with emphasis on management and utilisation of genetic resources. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 37:99-109
84. De Blank S. (1952). A reconnaissance of the American oil palm. Trop Agric Trinidad 29:90-101
85. De Mason DA, Sekhar KNC. (1988). The breeding system in the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) and its recognition by early cultivators. Adv Econ Bot 6:20-35
86. Devakumar K, Jayadev K, Rajesh MK, Chandrasekar A, Manimekalai R, Kumaran PM, Parthasarathy VA. (2006). Assessment of the genetic diversity of Indian coconut accessions and their relationship to other cultivars, using microsatellite markers. Plant Genet Resour Newsl FAO-Bioversity 145:38-45
87. Devanand PS, Chao CT. (2003a). Identification of genetic strains of Medjool, and Deglet Noor, date palm cultivars in California using ampli fied fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Acta Hortic 623:333-340
88. Devanand PS, Chao CT. (2003b). Genetic variations within Medjool, and Deglet Noor, date (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivars in California detected by fl uorescent-AFLP markers. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 78:405-409
89. Diaz S, Pire C, Ferrer J, Bonete MJ. (2003). Identification of Phoenix dactylifera L. varieties based on ampli fied fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Cell Mol Biol Lett 8:891-899
90. Djerbi M. (1983). Diseases of the date palm. FAO regional project for the control of Bayoud in North Africa, Baghdad, 112
91. Dong J, Chen C, Chen Z. (2003). Expression pro files of the Arabidopsis WRKY gene superfamily during plant defense response. Plant Mol Biol 51:21-37
92. Donnelly RJ, Yadav J, Zaid A. (2007). Sequencing the date palm genome. Acta Hortic 736:113-115
93. Dransfield J, Uhl NW, Asmussen CB, Baker WJ, Harley MM, Lewis CE. (2008). Genera palmarum: the evolution and classification of palms. Kew Publishing, Kew, 744
94. Duran Y, Rohde W, Kullaya A, Goikoetxea P, Ritter E. (1997). Molecular analysis of East African Tall coconut genotypes by DNA marker technology. J Genet Breed 51:279-288
95. El Modafar C. (2010). Mechanisms of date palm resistance to Bayoud disease: current state of knowledge and research prospects. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 74:287-294
96. El-Assar AM, Krueger RR, Devanand PS, Chao C-CT. (2005). Genetic analysis of Egyptian date (Phoenix dactylifera L) accessions using AFLP markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 52:601-607
97. Elhoumaizi MA, Devanand PS, Fang J, Chao C-CT. (2006). Con firmation of Medjool, date as a landrace variety through genetic analysis of Medjool, accessions in Morocco. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 131:403-407
98. Elshibli S. (2009). Genetic diversity and adaptation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Helsinki
99. Elshibli S, Korpelainen H. (2008a). Microsatellite markers reveal high genetic diversity in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) germplasm from Sudan. Genetica 134:251-260
100. Elshibli S, Korpelainen H. (2008b). Excess heterozygosity and scarce genetic differentiation in the populations of Phoenix dactylifera L.: human impact or ecological determinants. Plant Genet Resour: Charact Util 7:95-104
101. Elshibli S, Korpelainen H. (2009). Biodiversity of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L) in Sudan: chemical, morphological and DNA polymorphisms of selected cultivars. Plant Genet Resour: Charact Util 7:194-203
102. Eulgem T, Somssich IE. (2007). Networks of WRKY transcription factors in defense signaling. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:366-371
103. Eulgem T, Rushton PJ, Robatzek S, Somssich LE. (2000). The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci 5:199-206
104. Fang J-G, Chao CT. (2007). Methylation-sensitive ampli fication polymorphism in date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L) and their off-shoots. Plant Biol 9:526-533
105. Fernando WMU. (1995). Patterns of isozyme variation in Cocos nucifera L. Proc Annu Sess Sri Lanka Assoc Adv Sci 51:84-86
106. Fernando WMU, Gajanayake G. (1997). Patterns of isozyme variations in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) populations used for breeding improved varieties. Plant Recherche et Développement 4:256-263
107. Finnegan EJ, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES. (2000). DNA methylation, a key regulator of plant development and other processes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 10:21723
108. Garcia D, Gerald JNF, Berger F. (2005). Maternal control of integument cell elongation and zygotic control of endosperm growth are coordinated to determine seed size in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell 17:52-60
109. Gaut BS, Muse SV, Clark WD, Clegg MT. (1992). Relative rates of nucleotide substitution at the rbcl locus of monocotyledonous plants. J Mol Evol 35:292-303
110. Gaut BS, Morton BR, McCaig BC, Clegg MT. (1996). Substitution rate comparisons between grasses and palms: synonymous rate differences at the nuclear gene adh parallel rate differences at the plastid gene rbcL . Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 93:10274-10279
111. Geethalakshiui P, Niral V, Parthasarathy VA. (2004). Allozyme variation in populations of dwarf coconut cultivars. J Plant Crops 3:13-15
112. Geethalakshiui P, Parthasarathy YA, Niral V. (2005). Genetic diversity among coconut (Cocos nucifera L) genotypes using isozymes. Asian J Plant Sci 4:678-683
113. Ghesquiere M. (1984). Enzyme polymorphism in oil palm I: genetic control of nine enzyme systems. Oleagineux 39:561-574
114. Ghesquiere M. (1985). Enzyme polymorphism in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Oleagineux 40:529-540
115. Ghesquire M, Barcelos E, Santos MDM, Amblard P. (1987). Enzymatic polymorphism in Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Analysis of populations in the Amazon Basin. Oleagineux 42:143-153
116. Gómez-Vidal S, Salinas J, Tena M, Lopez-Llorca LV. (2009). Proteomic analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) responses to endophytic colonization by entomophagous fungi. Electrophoresis 30:2996-3005
117. González-Pérez MA, Sosa PA. (2009). Hybridization and introgression between the endemic Phoenix canariensis and the introduced P. dactylifera in the Canary Islands. Open For Sci J 7:78-85
118. González-Pérez MA, Caujapé-Castells J, Sosa PA. (2004). Molecular evidence of hybridisation between the endemic Phoenix canariensis and the widespread P. dactylifera with random ampli fied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Plant Syst Evol 247:165-175
119. Gruezo WS, Harries HC. (1984). Self-sown, wild-type coconuts in the Philippines. Biotropica 16:140-147
120. Gunn B. (2004). The phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with emphasis on Cocos nucifera . Ann Missouri Bot Gard 91:505-522
121. Guo HS, Xie Q, Fei JF, Chua NH. (2005). MicroRNA directs mRNA cleavage of the transcription factor NAC1 to downregulate auxin signals for Arabidopsis lateral root development. Plant Cell 17:1376-1386
122. Gurevich V, Lavi U, Cohen Y. (2005). Genetic variation in date palms propagated from offshoots and tissue culture. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 130:46-53
123. Hahn WJ. (2002a). A molecular phylogenetic study of the Palmae (Arecaceae) based on atpB, rbcL, and 18S nrDNA sequences. Syst Biol 51:92-112
124. Hahn WJ. (2002b). A phylogenetic analysis of the Arecoid line of palms based on plastid DNA sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 23:189-204
125. Hamwieh A, Farah J, Moussally S, Al-Sham,aa K, Almer K, Khierallah H, Udupa S, Lababidi S, Malek JA, Aouine M, Baum M. (2010). Development of 1000 microsatellite markers across the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) genome. Acta Hortic 882:269-277
126. Hamza H, Elbekky M, Ben Abederrahim MA, Ferchichi A. (2011). Molecular and morphological analysis of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) subpopulations in the Southern of Tunisia. Span J Agric Res 9:484-493
127. Hardon JJ, Tan GY. (1969). Interspecific hybrids in the genus Elaeis I and II. Euphytica 18:372-380
128. Hardon JJ, Rao V, Rajanaidu N. (1985). A review of oil palm breeding. In: Rusell GE (ed) Progress in plant breeding. Butterworths, London, pp 139-163
129. Harries H. (1978). The evolution, dissemination and classification of Cocos nucifera L. Bot Rev 44:265-319
130. Harries HC. (1995). In: Smartt J, Simmonds NW (eds) Evolution of crop plants. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York, pp 389-395
131. Harries HC. (2001). The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L). In: Last FT (ed) Tree crop ecosystems. Elsevier, New York, pp 321-338
132. Harries HC, Paull RE. (2008). Cocos nucifera . In: Janick J, Paull RE (eds) Encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Cambridge, pp 107-118
133. Harries H, Baudouin L, Cardeña R. (2004). Floating, boating and introgression: molecular techniques and the ancestry of coconut palm populations on Pacific islands. Ethnobot Res App 2:37-53. http://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol2/i1547-3465-02-037.pdf
134. Hartana A, Novarianto H, Asmono D. (1993). Analisis keragaman dan pewarisan pola pita isozim tanaman kelapa. Jurnal Matematika Sains 1:63-76
135. Hartley CWS. (1977). The development of groves. In: The oil palm, 2nd edn. Longman, London, pp 77-96
136. Hartley CWS. (1988). The botany of oil palm. In: The oil palm, 3rd edn. Longman, London, pp 47-94
137. Hayati A, Wickneswari R, Maizura I, Rajanaidu N. (2004). Genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) germplasm collections from Africa: implications for improvement and conservation of genetic resources. Theor Appl Genet 108:274-1284
138. Hemerly AS, Ferreira PJE, Van Montagu M, Engler G, Inze D. (1993). cdc2a expression in Arabidopsis is linked with the competence for cell division. Plant Cell 5:1711-1723
139. Henderson SA, Billotte N, Pintaus J-C. (2006). Genetic isolation of Cape Verde Island Phoenix atlantica (Arecaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers. Conserv Genet 7:213-223
140. Herran A, Estioko L, Becker D, Rodriguez MJB, Rohde W, Ritter E. (2000). Linkage mapping and QTL analysis in coconut (Cocos nucifera L). Theor Appl Genet 101:292-300
141. Hewezi T, Howe P, Maier TR, Baum TJ. (2008). Arabidopsis small RNAs and their targets during cyst nematode parasitism. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21:1622-1634
142. Ho CL, Kwan YY, Choi MC, Tee SS, Ng WH, Lim KA, Lee YP, Ooi SE, Lee WW, Tee JM, Tan SH, Kulaveerasingam H, Alwee SSRS, Abdullah MO. (2007). Analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from multiple tissues of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). BMC Genomics 8:381
143. Huang X, Wei X, Sang T, Zhao Q, Feng Q, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhu C, Lu T, Zhang Z, Li M, Fan D, Guo Y, Wang A, Wang L, Deng L, Li W, Lu Y, Weng Q, Liu K, Huang T, Zhou T, Jing Y, Li W, Lin Z, Buckler ES, Qian Q, Zhang QF, Li J, Han B. (2010). Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces. Nat Genet 42:961-969
144. Jack PL, Dimitrijevic TAF, Mayes S. (1995). Assessment of nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast RFLP markers in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Theor Appl Genet 90:643-649
145. Jacquemard JC, Meunier J, Bonnet F. (1982). Genetic study of the reproduction of an Elaeis guineensis oil palm cross. In: Puspharajah E, Chew PS (eds) The oil palm in agriculture in the eighties, vol 1. International Society of Planters (ISP), Kuala Lumpur, pp 19-32
146. Jay M, Bourdeix R, Potier F, Sanlaville C. (1988). Premiers résultats De l,étude des polyphénols foliaires du cocotier. Oléagineux 44:151-161
147. Johnson D. (1998). Tropical palms. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forestry report, Nonwood forests products no. 10. FAO, Rome
148. Johnson C, Cullis TA, Cullis MA, Cullis CA. (2009). DNA markers for variety Identification in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 84:591-594
149. Jouannic S, Argout X, Lechauve F, Fizames C, Borgel A, Morcillo F, Aberlenc-Bertossi F, Duval Y, Tregear J. (2005). Analysis of expressed sequence tags from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). FEBS Lett 579:2709-2714
150. Jubrael JMS, Udupa SM, Baum M. (2005). Assessment of AFLP-based genetic relationships among date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) varieties of Iraq. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 130:442-447
151. Kaeppler SM, Kaeppler HF, Rhee Y. (2000). Epigenetic aspects of somaclonal variation in plants. Plant Mol Biol 43:179-188
152. Karp A. (1999). The use of polymorphic microsatellites for assessing genetic diversity in coconut. In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardena R, Santamaria JM (eds) Current advances in coconut biotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 121-129
153. Khemvong S, Suvachittanont W. (2005). Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase from oil palm in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Plant Sci 169:571-578
154. Knutzon DS, Lardizabal KD, Nelsen JS, Bleibaum JL, Davies HM, Metz JC. (1995). Cloning of a coconut endosperm cDNA encoding a 1-acyl-sn-alycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase that accepts medium-chain-length substrates. Plant Physiol 109:999-1006
155. Krueger R. (2011). Date palm germplasm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayari JM, Johnson D (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, pp 313-336
156. Kularatne RS, Shah FH, Rajanaidu N. (2000). Investigation of genetic diversity in African natural oil palm populations and Deli using AFLP markers. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on oil palm genetic resources and their utilisation. Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bangi, pp 497-555
157. Kumar N, Modi AR, Singh AS, Gajera BB, Patel AR, Patem MP, Subhash N. (2010). Assessment of genetic fi delity of micropropagated date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) plants by RAPD and ISSR markers assay. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 16:207-213
158. Kunert KJ, Vorster J, Bey E, Cullis CA. (2000). Representational difference analysis as a DNAbased quality assurance program for date palm micropropagation. In: Proceedings of the date palm international symposium, Windhoel, Namibia, pp 72-80
159. Kunert KJ, Baaziz M, Cullis CA. (2003). Techniques for determination of true-to-type date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) plants: a literature review. Emirates J Agric Res 15:1-16
160. Lacze P, Giraud-Henry I, Brackpool A. (2000). Molecular fingerprinting of date palm cultivars using AFLP. In: Proceedings of the date palm international symposium, Windhoek, Namibia, Feb 2000, pp 89-95
161. Latiff A. (2000). The biology of the genus Elaeis . In: Basiron Y, Jalani BS, Chan KW (eds) Advances in oil palm research, vol 1. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Bangi, pp 19-38
162. Lebrun P, Grivet L, Baudouin L. (1998a). The spread and domestication of the coconut palm in the light of RFLP markers. Dissémination et domestication du cocotier à la lumière des marqueurs RFLP. Plant Recherche et développement 5:233-245
163. Lebrun P, N,Cho YP, Seguin M, Grivet L, Baudouin L. (1998b). Genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera L) revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Euphytica 101:103-108
164. Lebrun P, Grivet L, Baudouin L. (1999). Use of RFLP markers to study the diversity of the coconut palm. In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardena R, Santamaria JM (eds) Current advances in coconut biotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 73-89
165. Lebrun P, Baudouin L, Bourdeix R, Konan JL, Barker JH, Aldam C, Herran A, Ritter E. (2001). Construction of a linkage map of the Rennell Island Tall coconut type (Cocos nucifera L) and QTL analysis for yield characters. Genome 44:962-970
166. Lebrun P, Berger A, Hodgkin T, Baudouin L. (2005). Biochemical and molecular methods for characterizing coconut diversity. In: Batugal P, Ramanatha R, Oliver J (eds) Coconut genetic resources. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute -Regional Office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania (IPGRI-APO), Serdang, pp 225-247
167. Lebrun P, Baudouin L, Myrie W, Berger A, Dollet M. (2008). Recent lethal yellowing outbreak: why is the Malayan Yellow Dwarf coconut no longer resistant in Jamaica?. Tree Genet Genomes 4:125-131
168. Li D, Fan YM. (2008). Construction and characterization of a cDNA library from the pulp of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Agric Sci China 7:1071-1076
169. Li D, Zheng Y, Wan L, Zhu X, Wang Z. (2009). Differentially expressed microRNAs during solid endosperm development in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Sci Hortic 122:666-669
170. Lin HC, Morcillo F, Dussert S, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Tregear JW, Tranbarger TJ. (2009). Transcriptome analysis during somatic embryogenesis of the tropical monocot Elaeis guineensis: evidence for conserved gene functions in early development. Plant Mol Biol 70:173-192
171. Low ETL, Alias H, Boon SH, Shariff EM, Tan CYA, Ooi LCL, Cheah SC, Raha AR, Wan KL, Singh R. (2008). Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) tissue culture ESTs: identifying genes associated with callogenesis and embryogenesis. BMC Plant Biol 8:62
172. Luo M, Dennis ES, Berger F, Peacock WJ, Chaudhury A. (2005). MINISEED3 (MINI3), a WRKY family gene, and HAIKU2 (IKU2), a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) KINASE gene, are regulators of seed size in Arabidopsis . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17531-17536
173. Madon M, Clyde MM, Cheah SC. (1998). Cytological analysis of Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera chromosomes. JOPR 10:68-91
174. Madon M, Phoon LQ, Clyde MM, Mohd DA. (2008). Application of flow cytometry for estimation of nuclear DNA content in Elaeis . JOPR 20:447-452
175. Maizura I. (1999). Genetic variability of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) germplasm collections using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Ph.D. dissertation, National University Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
176. Maizura I, Rajanaidu N, Zakri AH, Cheah SC. (2006). Assessment of genetic diversity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:187-195
177. Malek JA. (2010). Next generation DNA sequencing applied to the date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L). Acta Hortic 882:249-252
178. Manimekalai R, Nagarajan P. (2006a). Interrelationships among coconut (Cocos nucifera L) accessions using RAPD technique. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:1137-1144
179. Manimekalai R, Nagarajan P. (2006b). Assessing genetic relationships among coconut (Cocos nucifera L) accessions using inter simple sequence repeat markers. Sci Hortic 108:49-54
180. Manimekalai R, Nagarajan P. (2010). Bulk line analysis in coconut (Cocos nucifera L) for inferring relationship between Talls, Dwarfs and Niu Leka dwarf forms. Indian J Plant Genet Resour 23:77-81
181. Marqués J, Fadda ZGN, Duran-Vila N, Flores R, Bové JM, Darós JA. (2008). A set of novel RNAs transcribed from the chloroplast genome accumulates in date palm lea fl ets affected by brittle leaf disease. Phytopthology 98:337-344
182. Martinez MC, Jorgensen JE, Lawton MA, Lamb CJ, Doerner PW. (1992). Spatial pattern of cdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:7360-7364
183. Martinez RT, Baudouin L, Berger A, Dollet M. (2010). Characterization of the genetic diversity of the Tall coconut( Cocos nucifera L) in the Dominican republic using microsatellite (SSR) markers. Tree Genet Genomes 6:73-81
184. Mauro-Herrera M, Meerow AW, Borrone JW, Kuhn DN, Schnell RJ. (2006). Ten informative markers developed from WRKY sequences in coconut (Cocos nucifera ). Mol Ecol Notes 6:904-906
185. Mauro-Herrera M, Meerow AW, Borrone JW, Kuhn DN, Schnell RJ. (2007). Usefulness of WRKY gene-derived markers for assessing genetic population structure: an example with Florida coconut cultivars. Sci Hortic 115:19-26
186. Mauro-Herrera M, Meerow AW, Perera L, Russell J, Schnell RJ. (2010). Ambiguous genetic relationships among coconut (Cocos nucifera L) cultivars: the effects of outcrossing, sample source and size, and method of analysis. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57:203-217
187. Mayes S, James C, Horner SF, Jack PL, Corley RHV. (1996). The application of restriction fragment length polymorphism for the genetic fingerprinting of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Mol Breed 2:175-180
188. Mayes S, Jack PL, Marshall DF, Corley RHV. (1997). Construction of a RFLP genetic linkage map for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Genome 40:116-122
189. Mayes S, Jack PL, Corley RHV. (2000). The use of molecular markers to investigate the genetic structure of an oil palm breeding program. Heredity 85:288-293
190. Meerow AW, Wisser RJ, Brown SJ, Kuhn DN, Schnell RJ, Broschat TK. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within Florida coconut (Cocos nucifera L) germplasm using microsatellite DNA, with special emphasis on the Fiji Dwarf cultivar. Theor Appl Genet 106:715-726
191. Meerow AW, Noblick L, Borrone JW, Couvreur TLP, Mauro-Herrera M, Hahn WJ, Kuhn DN, Nakamura K, Oleas NH, Schnell RJ. (2009). Phylogenetic analysis of seven WRKY genes across the palm subtribe Attaleinae (Arecaceae) identifies Syagrus as sister group of the coconut. PLoS One 4:e7353. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007353
192. Men AE, Wilson P, Siemering K, Forrest S. (2008). Sanger DNA sequencing. In: Janitz M (ed) Next-generation genome sequencing: towards personalized medicine. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 3-11
193. Michielse CB, Rep M. (2009). Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum . Mol Plant Pathol 10:311-324
194. Mohd Noor Mahat. (1992). Analisa polimor fi sme isoenzim esterase, glutamat-oksaloasetat, transaminase dan malat dehidrogenase dalam koleksi germplasma kelapa sawit Zaire. Dissertation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
195. Mohsenzadeh S, Pasalari H. (2010). Identification of a male-specific RAPD marker in Phoenix dactylifera . J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 85:144-146
196. Montero-Cortés M, Rodríguez-Paredes F, Burgeff C, Pérez-Nuñez T, Córdova I, Oropeza C, Verdeil J-L, Sáenz L. (2010). Characterisation of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) gene expressed during somatic embryogenesis of coconut palm. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 102:251-258
197. Moore HE Jr. (1963). An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. Principes 7:119-182
198. Moore HE Jr. (1971). Additions and corrections to An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. Principes 15:102-106
199. Morcillo F, Hartmann C, Duval Y, Tregear JW. (2001). Regulation of 7S globulin gene expression in zygotic and somatic embryos of oil palm. Physiol Plant 112:233-243
200. Morcillo F, Gagneur C, Adam H, Richaud F, Singh R, Cheah SC, Rival A, Duval Y, Tregear JW. (2006). Somaclonal variation in micropropagated oil palm. Characterization of two novel genes with enhanced expression in epigenetically abnormal cell lines and in response to auxin. Tree Physiol 26:585-594
201. Morcillo F, Gallard A, Pillot M, Jouannic S, Aberlenc-Bertossi F, Collin M, Verdeil JL, Tregear JW. (2007). EgAP2-1, an AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) gene expressed in meristematic and proliferating tissues of embryos in oil palm. Planta 226:1353-1362
202. Moretzsohn MC, Ferreira MA, Amaral ZPS, Coelho PJA, Grattapaglia D, Ferreira ME. (2002). Genetic diversity of Brazilian oil palm (Elaeis oleifera HBK) germplasm collected in the Amazon Forest. Euphytica 124:35-45
203. Namsi A, Marqués J, Fadda Z, Takrouni ML, Ban Mahamoud O, Zouba A, Darós FR, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N. (2006). Diagnosis of maladie des feuilles cassantes or brittle leaf disease of date palms by detection of associated chloroplast encoded double stranded RNAs. Mol Cell Probes 20:366-370
204. Namsi A, Montarone M, Serra P, Ben Mahamoud O, Takrouni ML, Zouba A, Khoualdia O, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N. (2007). Manganese and brittle leaf disease of date palms. J Plant Pathol 89:125-136
205. NCBI. (2010). dbEST release 120110: summary by organism. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbEST/dbEST-summary.html . Accessed 1 Dec 2010
206. Nei M. (1978). Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89:583-590
207. Niral V, Geethalakshmi P, Parthasarathy VA. (2007). Intrapopulation allelomorphism in tall and dwarf populations of the coconut. Acta Bot Croat 66:35-42
208. Nixon RW. (1959). Pollination, breeding, and selection of date palms. First FAO international technical meeting on date palm production and processing, Tripoli. FAO, Rome, 5-11 Dec 1959
209. Nixon RW, Furr JR. (1965). Problems and progress in date breeding. Date Grow Inst Rept 42:2-5
210. Noorhariza MZ, Ismanizan I, Rozana R, Ting NC, Singh R. (2010). Development and characterization of Elaeis oleifera microsatellite markers. Sains Malaysiana 39:909-912
211. Norziha A, Rafii MY, Maizura I, Ghizan S. (2008). Genetic variation among oil palm parent genotypes and their progenies based on microsatellite markers. JOPR 20:533-541
212. Nurniwalis AW, Suhaimi N, Siti Nor Akmar A, Aminah S, Manaf MA. (2008). Gene discovery via expressed sequence tags from the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) mesocarp. JOPR Spec Issue Malaysia-MIT Biotechnol Partnersh Program (Oil Palm Metabol Eng) 2:87-96
213. Oboh BO, Fakorede MAB. (1989). Optimum time for yield evaluation and selection in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Oleagineux 44:509-513
214. Ooi LCL, Ong PW, Ithnin M, Singh R. (2010). Discovery of oil palm SNPs and their application in the characterization of oil palm genetic resources and breeding materials. In: Proceedings of the national biotechnology seminar 2010, Kuala Lumpur, 24-26 May 2010
215. Ori N, Cohen AR, Etzioni A, Brand A, Yanai O, Shleizer S, Menda N, Amsellem Z, Efroni I, Pekker I, Alvarez JP, BlumE ZD, Eshed Y. (2007). Regulation of LANCEOLATE by miR319 is required for compound-leaf development in tomato. Nat Genet 39:787-791
216. Ouenzar B, Trifi M, Boucharine B, Hartmann C, Marrakchi M, Benslimae AA, Rode A. (2001). A mitochondrial molecular marker of resistance to Bayoud disease in date palm. Theor Appl Genet 103:366-370
217. Ould Mohamed Salem A, Trifi M, Sakka H, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M. (2001a). Genetic inheritance analysis of four enzymes in date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol 48:361-368
218. Ould Mohamed Salem A, Trifi M, Salhi-Hannachi A, Rhouma A, Marrakchi N. (2001b). Genetic variability analysis of Tunisian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) cultivars. J Genet Breed 55:269-278
219. Ould Mohamed Salem A, Rhouma S, Zehdi S, Marrakchi M, Trifi M. (2007). Molecular characterization of Mauritanian date palm cultivars using plasmid-like DNAs markers. Biol Plant 51:169-172
220. Parida SK, Kalia SK, Kaul S, Dalal V, Hemaprabha G, Selvi A, Pandit A, Singh A, Gaikwad K, Sharma TR, Srivastava PS, Singh NK, Mohapatra T. (2009). Informative genomic microsatellite markers for efficient genotyping applications in sugarcane. Theor Appl Genet 118:327-338
221. Perera L. (2002). Chloroplast DNA variation in coconut is opposite to its nuclear DNA variation. CORD XVIII:56-72
222. Perera L, Russell JR, Provan J, McNichol JW, Powell W. (1998). Evaluating genetic relationships between indigenous coconut (Cocos nucifera L) accessions from Sri Lanka by means of AFLP profiling. Theor Appl Genet 96:545-550
223. Perera L, Russell JR, Provan J, Powell W. (1999). Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in coconut (Cocos nucifera L) and the analysis of coconut populations in Sri Lanka. Mol Ecol 8:344-346
224. Perera L, Russell JR, Provan J, Powell W. (2000). Use of microsatellite DNA markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Genome 43:15-21
225. Perera L, Russell JR, Provan J, Powell W. (2003). Studying genetic relationships among coconut varieties/populations using microsatellite markers. Euphytica 132:121-128
226. Purba AR, Noyer JL, Baudouin L, Perrier X, Hamon S, Lagoda PJL. (2000). A new aspect of genetic diversity of Indonesian oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) revealed by isoenzyme and AFLP markers and its consequences for breeding. Theor Appl Genet 101:956-961
227. Rabinowicz PD, Schutz K, Dedhia N, Yordan C, Parnell LD, Stein L, Mccombie WR, Martienssen RD. (1999). Differential methylation of genes and retrotransposons facilitates shotgun sequencing of the maize genome. Nature Genet 23:305-308
228. Rajanaidu N. (1985). Elaeis oleifera collection in Central and South America. In: Proceedings of international workshop on oil palm germplasm and utilisation. Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM), Bangi, 26-27 Mar 1985, pp 84-94
229. Rajanaidu N. (1990). Major developments in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) breeding. In: Proceedings of the 12th plenary meeting of association for the taxonomic study of the fl ora of tropical Africa (AETFAT). Mitteilungen aus dem Staatsinstitut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg, pp 39-52
230. Rajanaidu N, Sapurah R, Rao V, Zakri AH, Md. Noor Embi. (1993). Isoenzyme variation in Nigerian oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm. In: Proceedings of the 1993 ISOPB international symposium on recent development in oil palm tissue culture and biotechnology, pp 209-216
231. Rajanaidu N, Kushiari A, Jalani BS. (1999). Systems approach to the management of oil palm breeding and biotechnology. In: Darus A, Chan KW, Sharifah SRSA (eds) Proceedings of the 1999 PORIM international palm oil congress (PIPOC). Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM), Bangi, 1-6 Feb 1999, pp 79-89
232. Rajanaidu N, Kushairi A, Rafii M, Mohd Din A, Maizura I, Jalani BS. (2000a). Oil palm breeding and genetic resources. In: Basiron Y, Jalani BS, Chan KW (eds) Advances in oil palm research, vol 1. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Bangi, pp 171-237
233. Rajanaidu N, Maizura I, Cheah SC. (2000b). Screening of oil palm natural populations using RAPD and RFLP molecular markers. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on oil palm genetic resources and their utilisation. Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bangi, pp 556-584
234. Rance KA, Mayes S, Price Z, Jack PL, Corley RHV. (2001). Quantitative trait loci for yield components in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Theor Appl Genet 103:1302-1310
235. Read RW. (1966). New chromosome counts in the Palmae. Principes 10:55-61
236. Ream CL, Carpenter JB. (1975). Date palm breeding in California. In: Third FAO technical conference on the improvement of date production, processing, and marketing, Baghdad. FAO, Rome, 30 Nov-4 Dec 1975
237. Rhouma S, Zehdi-Azouzi S, Dakhlaoui-Dkhil S, Ould Mohaned Salem A, Othmani A, Cherif E, Marrakchi M, Trifi M. (2010). Genetic variation in the Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). In: Ramawat KG (ed) Desert plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 355-369
238. Riedel M, Riederer M, Becker D, Herran A, Kullaya A, Arana-López G, Peña-Rodríguez L, Billotte N, Sniady V, Rohde W, Ritter E. (2009). Cuticular wax composition in Cocos nucifera L.: physicochemical analysis of wax components and mapping of their QTLs onto the coconut molecular linkage map. Tree Genet Genomes 5:53-69
239. Riju A, Arunachalam V. (2009). Interspecific differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels in expressed sequence tag libraries of oil palm Elaeis guineensis and E. oleifera . Nature proceedings. http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2009.3593.2
240. Riju A, Chandrasekar A, Arunachalam V. (2007). Mining for single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions in expressed sequence tag libraries of oil palm. Bioinformation 2:128-131
241. Ritter E, Rodriguez MJB, Herran A, Estoiko L, Becker D, Rohde W. (2000). Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) based on linkage maps in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). In: Arenciba A (ed) Plant genetic engineering towards the third millennium. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, pp 42-48
242. Rival A, Beule T, Barre P, Hamon S, Duval Y, Noirot M. (1997). Comparative flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) tissue cultures and seedderived plants. Plant Cell Rep 16:884-887
243. Rival A, Jaligot E, Beule T, Finnegan EJ. (2008). Isolation and expression analysis of genes encoding MET, CMT, and DRM methyltransferases in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in relation to the mantled, somaclonal variation. J Exp Bot 59:3271-3281
244. Rivera R, Edwards KJ, Barker JHA, Arnold GM, Ayad G, Hodgkin T, Karp A. (1999). Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in Cocos nucifera L. Genome 42:668-675
245. Rohde W, Kullaya A, Rodriguez J, Ritter E. (1995). Genome analysis of Cocos nucifera L. by PCR ampli fication of spacer sequences separating a subset of Copia -like Eco R1 repetitive elements. J Genet Breed 49:179-186
246. Rohde W, Becker D, Kullaya A, Rodriguez J, Herran A, Ritter E. (1999). Analysis of coconut germplasm biodiversity by DNA marker technologies and construction of a genetic linkage map. In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardena R, Santamaria JM (eds) Current advances in coconut biotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 99-120
247. Roowi SH, Ho CL, Alwee SSRS, Abdullah MO, Napis S. (2010). Isolation and characterization of differentially expressed transcripts from the suspension cells of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in response to different concentration of auxins. Mol Biotechnol 46:1-19
248. Rozana R, Low ETL, Ooi LCL, Singh R. (2005). PalmDNABase, an automated work flow for sequence analysis. In: Proceedings of the biotechnology of plantation commodities: biotechnology -emerging frontier for plantation commodities, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, 9-11 Aug 2005, pp 456-564
249. Saïdi MN, Gargouri-Bouzid R, Rayanni M, Drira N. (2009). Optimization of RNA isolation from brittle leaf disease affected date palm leaves and construction of a subtractive DNA library. Mol Biotechnol 41:63-68
250. Saidi MN, Ladouce N, Hadri R, Grima-Pettenati J, Drira N, Gargouri-Bouzid R. (2010). Identification and characterization of differentially expressed ESTs in date palm leaves affected by brittle leaf disease. Plant Sci 179:325-332
251. Saitou N, Nei M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406-425
252. Saker MM, Moursy HA. (1999). Molecular characterization of Egyptian date palm cultivars: RAPD fingerprints. Arab J Biotechnol 2:71-78
253. Saker MM, Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Fahmy AS, Moursy HA. (2000). Detection of somaclonal variations in tissue culture-derived date palm plants using isoenzyme analysis and RAPD fingerprints. Biol Plant 43:347-351
254. Saker MM, Adawy SS, Mohamed AA, El-Itriby HA. (2006). Monitoring of cultivar identity in tissue culture-derived date palms using RAPD and AFLP analysis. Biol Plant 50:198-204
255. Sakka H, Trifi M, Ould Mohamed Salem A, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M. (2000). Rapid construction of a random genomic library from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). Plant Mol Biol Rep 17:1-7
256. Sakka H, Zehdi S, Ould Mohamed Salem A, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M, Trifi M. (2004). Genetic polymorphism of plastid DNA in Tunisian date-palm germplasm (Phoenix dactylifera L) detected with PCR-RFLP. Genet Resour Crop Evol 51:479-487
257. Salman M, Al-Jibouri M, Al-Quadhy K, Omar S. (1988). Isozyme and chromosomal analysis of tissue culture derived date palms. Date Palm J 6:401-411
258. Sapurah R. (1990). Variasi isoenzim germplasma kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dari Nigeria. Dissertation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
259. Sarkar SK. (1957). Sex chromosomes in palms. Genet Iber 9:133-142
260. Schultes RE. (1990). Taxonomic nomenclature and ethnobotanic notes on Elaeis . Elaeis 2:172-187
261. Schultes RE, Raffauf RF. (1990). The healing forest. Dioscorides Press, Portland, pp 500
262. Sedra MH, Lashermes P, Trouslot P, Combes M-C, Hamon S. (1998). Identification and genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) varieties from Morocco using RAPD markers. Euphytica 103:75-82
263. Sghaier-Hammami B, Drira N, Jorrín-Novo JV. (2009a). Comparative 2-DE proteomic analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) somatic and zygotic embryos. J Proteomics 73:161-177
264. Sghaier-Hammami B, Valledor L, Drira N, Jorrín-Novo JV. (2009b). Proteomic analysis of the development and germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) zygotic embryos. Proteomics 9:2543-2554
265. Shah FH, Rasid O, Simons AJ, Dunsdon A. (1994). The utility of RAPD markers for the determination of genetic variation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Theor Appl Genet 89:713-718
266. Shalini KV, Manjunatha S, Lebrun P, Berger A, Baudouin L, Pirany N, Ranganath RM, Theertha PD. (2007). Identification of molecular markers associated with mite resistance in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Genome 50:35-42
267. Shendure J, Ji H. (2008). Next-generation DNA sequencing. Nat Biotechnol 26:1135-1145
268. Siljac-Yakovlev S, Benmalek S, Cerbah M, Coba De la Peña T, Bounaga N, Brown SC, Sarr A. (1996). Chromosomal sex determination and heterochromatin structure in date palm. Sex Plant Reprod 9:127-132
269. Singh R, Noorhariza MZ, Ting NC, Rozana R, Tan SG, Low ETL, Maizura I, Cheah SC. (2008a). Exploiting an oil palm EST database for the development of gene-derived SSR markers and their exploitation for assessment of genetic diversity. Biologia 63:227-235
270. Singh R, Tan SG, Panandam J, Abdul Rahman R, Cheah SC. (2008b). Identification of cDNA-RFLP markers and their use for molecular mapping in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ). Asia Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 16:53-63
271. Singh R, Tan SG, Panandam JM, Abdul Rahman R, Ooi LCL, Low ETL, Sharma M, Jansen J, Cheah SC. (2009). Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition in an interspecific cross of oil palm. BMC Plant Biol 9:114
272. Soh AC, Kee KK, Goh KJ, Ang BN, Ooi LH. (2008). Elaeis guineensis . In: Janick J, Paull RE (eds) Encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Cambridge, pp 118-127
273. Sunkar R, Kapoor A, Zhu JK. (2006). Posttranscriptional induction of two Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase genes in Arabidopsis is mediated by downregulation ofmiR398 and important for oxidative stress tolerance. Plant Cell 18:2051-2065
274. Tanksley SD, Orton TJ (eds). (1983). Isozymes in plant genetics and breeding (Developments in plant genetics and breeding, parts 1A & 1B). Elsevier, New York
275. Tay HH. (1989). Analisis polimo fi sme isoenzim esterase dalam koleksi germplasma kelapa sawit Zaire. Dissertation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
276. Teulat B, Aldam C, Trehin R, Lebrun P, Barker JHA, Arnold GM, Karp A, Baudouin L, Rognon F. (2000). An analysis of genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera) populations from across the geographic range using sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSRs) and AFLPs. Theor Appl Genet 100:764-771
277. Thuc LV, Ky H, Ooi SE, Napis S, Ishak Z, Namasivayam P. (2008). Molecular characterization of an unknown protein from the ESTs of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) cell suspension culture. Pertanika J Sci Technol 16:189-199
278. Ting NC, Cheah SC, Zamzuri I, Tan SG, Faridah QZ, Maizura I, Singh R. (2006). Statistical mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling the time to first callusing in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) tissue culture. Pertanika J Trop Agric Sci 29:35-45
279. Ting NC, Noorhariza MZ, Rozana R, Low ETL, Maizura I, Cheah SC, Singh R. (2010). SSR mining in oil palm EST database: application in oil palm germplasm diversity studies. J Genet 89:135-145
280. Tisserat B, Torres AM. (1979). Isozymes as genetic indicators in date palms. Date Grow Inst Rep 54:24-28
281. Torres AM, Tisserat B. (1980). Leaf isozymes as genetic markers in date palms. Am J Bot 67:162-167
282. Tregear JW, Morcillo F, Richaud F, Berger A, Singh R, Cheah SC, Hartmann C, Rival A, Duval Y. (2002). Characterization of a defensin gene expressed in oil palm in fl orescences: induction during tissue culture and possible association with epigenetic somaclonal variation events. J Exp Bot 53:1387-1396
283. Trifi M, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships in Tunisian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) germplasm collection using DNA ampli fication fingerprinting. Agronomie 20:665-671
284. Triki MA, Zouba A, Khoualdia O, Ben Mahamoud O, Takrouni ML, Garnier M, Bové JM, Montarose M, Pouper A, Flores R, Darós JA, Fadda ZGN, Moreno P, Duran-Vila N (2003). Maladie De feuilles cassantes or brittle leaf disease of date palms in Tunisia: biotic or abiotic disease?. J Plant Pathol 85:71-79
285. Ülker B, Somssich LE. (2004). WRKY transcription factors: from DNA binding towards biological function. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:491-498
286. Upadhyay A, Jayadev K, Manimekalai R, Parthasarathy VA. (2004). Genetic relationship and diversity in Indian coconut accessions based on RAPD markers. Sci Hortic 99:353-362
287. Vorster BJ, Kunert KJ, Cullis CA. (2002). Use of representational difference analysis for the characterization of sequence differences between date palm varieties. Plant Cell Rep 21:271-275
288. Wadt LHO, Sakiyama NS, Pereira MG, Tupinamba EA, Ribeiro FE, Aragao WM. (1999). RAPD markers in the genetic diversity study of the coconut palm. In: Oropeza C, Verdeil JL, Ashburner GR, Cardena R, Santamaria JM (eds) Current advances in coconutbiotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 89-97
289. Waterson JM. (1953). Observations on the influence of some ecological factors on the incidence of oil palm diseases in Nigeria. J West Afr Inst Oil Palm Res 1:24-59
290. Wrigley G. (1995). Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In: Smartt J, Simmonds NW (eds) The evolution of crop plants. Longman, London, pp 399-403
291. Wu K-L, Guo Z-J, Wang H-H, Li J. (2005). The WRKY family of transcription factors in rice and Arabidopsis and their origins. DNA Res 12:9-26
292. Xie Z, Zhang Z-L, Zou X, Huang J, Ruas P, Thompson D, Shen QJ. (2005). Annotations and functional analyses of the rice WRKY gene superfamily reveal positive and negative regulators of abscisic acid signaling in aleurone cells. Plant Physiol 137:176-189
293. Xu L, Ye R, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Zhou P, Lin Y, Li D. (2010). Isolation of the endosperm-specific LPAAT gene promoter from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) and its functional analysis in transgenic rice plants. Plant Cell Rep 29:1061-1068
294. Yang M, Zhang X, Liu G, Chen K, Yun Q, Zhao D, Al-Mssallem IS, Yu J. (2010). The complete chloroplast genome sequence of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). PLoS One 5(9):e12762. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012762
295. Younis RAA, Ismail OM, Soliman SS. (2008). Identification of sex-specific DNA markers for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) using RAPD and ISSR techniques. Res J Agric Biol Sci 4:278-284
296. Zehdi S, Trifi M, Ould Mohamed Salem A, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M. (2002). Survey of inter simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in Tunisian date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J Genet Y Breed 56:77-83
297. Zehdi S, Trifi M, Billotte N, Marrakchi M, Pintaud JC. (2004). Genetic diversity of Tunisian date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L) revealed by nuclear microsatellite polymorphism. Hereditas 141:278-287
298. Zehdi S, Pintaud JD, Billotte N, Ould Mohamed Salem A, Sakka H, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M, Trifi M. (2006). Etablissement d,une clé d,intenti fication variétale chez le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L) par les marquers microsatellites. Plant Genet Resour Newsl 145:11-18
299. Zeven AC. (1965). The origin of the oil palm. J Nig Inst Oil Palm Res 4:218-225
300. Zeven AC. (1967). The semi-wild oil palm and its industry in Africa. Agricultural research reports no. 698. Agricultural University, Wageningen
301. Zhang Y, Wang L. (2005). The WRKY transcription factor superfamily: its origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants. BMC Evol Biol 5:1
302. Zhu YL, Song QJ, Hyten DL, Van Tassell CP, Matukumalli LK, Grimm DR, Hyatt SM, Fickus EW, Young ND, Cregan PB. (2003). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in soybean. Genetics 163:1123-1134
303. Zizumbo-Villarreal D, Ruiz-Rodriguez M, Harries H, Colunga-GarcíaMarín P. (2006). Population genetics, lethal yellowing disease, and relationships among Mexican and imported coconut ecotypes. Crop Sci 46:2509-2516