A sight on protein-based nanoparticles as drug/gene delivery systems

Therapeutic Delivery

Volumn 6, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1017-1029

  Salatin, Sara ^a,b   Jelvehgari, Mitra ^b   Maleki Dizaj, Solmaz ^c   Adibkia, Khosro ^d  

^a TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

drug delivery; gene delivery; nanoparticles; protein

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; AVENIN; CASEIN; COLLAGEN; DRUG CARRIER; ELASTIN; GELATIN; GLIADIN; MILK PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLE; POLYMER; PROTEIN; SERICIN; SILK; SILK FIBROIN; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; VEGETABLE PROTEIN; VICILIN; ZEIN;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; GENE TARGETING; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WHEY; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; GENE TRANSFER;

ANIMALS; DRUG CARRIERS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; NANOPARTICLES; PROTEINS;

EID: 84945588823     PISSN: 20415990     EISSN: 20416008     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.28     Document Type: Review

References (147)

1. Nitta SK, Numata K. Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(1), 1629-1654 (2013).
2. Adibkia K, Shadbad MRS, Nokhodchi A et al. Piroxicam nanoparticles for ocular delivery: physicochemical characterization and implementation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. J. Drug Target. 15(6), 407-416 (2007).
3. Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Shin DM. Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 14(5), 1310-1316 (2008).
4. Orecchioni AM, Duclairoir C, Irache JM, Nakache E. Plant protein-based nanoparticles. In: Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany, 1-54 (2007).
5. Adibkia K, Omidi Y, Siahi MR et al. Inhibition of endotoxininduced uveitis by methylprednisolone acetate nanosuspension in rabbits. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 23(5), 421-432 (2007).
6. Yuan Y, Tan J, Wang Y, Qian C, Zhang M. Chitosan nanoparticles as non-viral gene delivery vehicles based on atomic force microscopy study. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 41(6), 1-12 (2009).
7. Mohammadi G, Valizadeh H, Barzegar-Jalali M et al. Development of azithromycin-PLGA nanoparticles: physicochemical characterization and antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhi. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 80(1), 34-39 (2010).
8. Adibkia K, Nayebi AM, Barzegar-Jalali M, Hosseinzadeh S, Ghanbarzadeh S. Comparison of the analgesic effect of diclofenac Sodium-Eudragit® RS100 solid dispersion and nanoparticles using formalin test in the rats. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 5(1), 77-81 (2015).
9. Carmen Varela M, Guzmán M, Molpeceres J, Del Rosario Aberturas M, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Rodríguez-Puyol M. Cyclosporine-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles: immunosuppression and nephrotoxicity in rats. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(4), 471-478 (2001).
10. Li YL, Zhu L, Liu Z et al. Reversibly stabilized multifunctional dextran nanoparticles efficiently deliver doxorubicin into the nuclei of cancer cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48(52), 9914-9918 (2009).
11. Kreuter J, Hekmatara T, Dreis S, Vogel T, Gelperina S, Langer K. Covalent attachment of apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein B-100 to albumin nanoparticles enables drug transport into the brain. J. Control. Release 118(1), 54-58 (2007).
12. Yi Y-M, Yang T-Y, Pan W-M. Preparation and distribution of 5-fluorouracil' 1' 2' 5I sodium alginate-bovins serum albumin nanoparticles. World J. Gastroenterol. 5, 57-60 (1999).
13. Nehete JY, Bhambar RS, Narkhede MR, Gawali SR. Natural proteins: sources, isolation, characterization and applications. Pharmacogn. Rev. 7(14), 107 (2013).
14. Shah M, Hsueh PY, Sun G, Chang HY, Janib SM, Mackay JA. Biodegradation of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles. Protein Sci. 21(6), 743-750 (2012).
15. Lohcharoenkal W, Wang L, Chen YC, Rojanasakul Y. Protein nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 1-12 (2014).
16. Hawkins MJ, Soon-Shiong P, Desai N. Protein nanoparticles as drug carriers in clinical medicine. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 60(8), 876-885 (2008).
17. Elzoghby AO, Samy WM, Elgindy NA. Protein-based nanocarriers as promising drug and gene delivery systems. J. Control. Release 161(1), 38-49 (2012).
18. Kaul G, Amiji M. Long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol)-modified gelatin nanoparticles for intracellular delivery. Pharm. Res. 19(7), 1061-1067 (2002).
19. Sailaja A, Amareshwar P, Chakravarty P. Different techniques used for the preparation of nanoparticles using natural polymers and their application. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3, 45-50 (2011).
20. Balthasar S, Michaelis K, Dinauer N, Von Briesen H, Kreuter J, Langer K. Preparation and characterisation of antibody modified gelatin nanoparticles as drug carrier system for uptake in lymphocytes. Biomaterials 26(15), 2723-2732 (2005).
21. Saraogi GK, Sharma B, Joshi B et al. Mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles bearing isoniazid for effective management of tuberculosis. J. Drug Target. 19(3), 219-227 (2011).
22. Xu J, Gattacceca F, Amiji M. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of EGFR-targeted thiolated gelatin nanoparticles following systemic administration in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice. Mol. Pharm. 10(5), 2031-2044 (2013).
23. Li JK, Wang N, Wu XS. A novel biodegradable system based on gelatin nanoparticles and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for protein and peptide drug delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. 86(8), 891-895 (1997).
24. Ge J, Neofytou E, Lei J, Beygui RE, Zare RN. Protein-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery. Small 8(23), 3573-3578 (2012).
25. Elzoghby AO, Samy WM, Elgindy NA. Albumin-based nanoparticles as potential controlled release drug delivery systems. J. Control. Release 157(2), 168-182 (2012).
26. Wagner S, Rothweiler F, Anhorn MG et al. Enhanced drug targeting by attachment of an anti αv integrin antibody to doxorubicin loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles. Biomaterials 31(8), 2388-2398 (2010).
27. Weber C, Coester C, Kreuter J, Langer K. Desolvation process and surface characterisation of protein nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. 194(1), 91-102 (2000).
28. Rhaese S, Von Briesen H, Rübsamen-Waigmann H, Kreuter J, Langer K. Human serum albumin-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for gene delivery. J. Control. Release 92(1), 199-208 (2003).
29. Lin W, Garnett MC, Davis SS, Schacht E, Ferruti P, Illum L. Preparation and characterisation of rose Bengalloaded surface-modified albumin nanoparticles. J. Control. Release 71(1), 117-126 (2001).
30. Michaelis K, Hoffmann MM, Dreis S et al. Covalent linkage of apolipoprotein e to albumin nanoparticles strongly enhances drug transport into the brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 317(3), 1246-1253 (2006).
31. Wu Y, Mackay JA, Mcdaniel JR, Chilkoti A, Clark RL. Fabrication of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles for drug delivery by electrospraying. Biomacromolecules 10(1), 19-24 (2008).
32. Machado R, Bessa PC, Reis RL, Rodriguez-Cabello JC, Casal M. Elastin-Based Nanoparticles For Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein. Springer, 353-363 (2012).
33. Maham A, Tang Z, Wu H, Wang J, Lin Y. Protein-based nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery. Small 5(15), 1706-1721 (2009).
34. Bessa PC, Machado R, Nürnberger S et al. Thermoresponsive self-assembled elastin-based nanoparticles for delivery of BMPs. J. Control. Release 142(3), 312-318 (2010).
35. Anumolu R, Gustafson JA, Magda JJ, Cappello J, Ghandehari H, Pease Iii LF. Fabrication of highly uniform nanoparticles from recombinant silk-elastin-like protein polymers for therapeutic agent delivery. ACS Nano 5(7), 5374-5382 (2011).
36. Xia X-X, Wang M, Lin Y, Xu Q, Kaplan DL. Hydrophobic drug-triggered self-assembly of nanoparticles from silk-elastin-like protein polymers for drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 15(3), 908-914 (2014).
37. Li F, Zhang H, Gu C et al. Self-assembled nanoparticles from folate-decorated maleilated pullulan-doxorubicin conjugate for improved drug delivery to cancer cells. Polym. Int. 62(2), 165-171 (2013).
38. Papi M, Palmieri V, Maulucci G et al. Controlled self assembly of collagen nanoparticle. J. Nanopart. Res. 13(11), 6141-6147 (2011).
39. Kasoju N, Ali SS, Dubey VK, Bora U. Exploiting the potential of collagen as a natural biomaterial in drug delivery. Journal of Proteins and Proteomics 1(1), 9-14 (2013).
40. Sahithi B. A review on collagen based drug delivery systems Ind. J. Res. Pharm. Biotechnol. 1(3), 461-468 (2013).
41. Nicklas M, Schatton W, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Kreuter J. Preparation and characterization of marine sponge collagen nanoparticles and employment for the transdermal delivery of 17β-estradiol-hemihydrate. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 35(9), 1035-1042 (2009).
42. Ye A, Cui J, Singh H. Proteolysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins during in vitro gastric digestion of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 94(6), 2762-2770 (2011).
43. Arora N, Garg T, Bilandi A. Review on casein production and casein based nano-formulations. Int. Res. J. Pharm 3(1), 41-45 (2012).
44. Huang J, Wang L, Lin R et al. Casein-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for high MRI contrast enhancement and efficient cell targeting. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 5(11), 4632-4639 (2013).
45. Zhen X, Wang X, Xie C, Wu W, Jiang X. Cellular uptake, antitumor response and tumor penetration of cisplatinloaded milk protein nanoparticles. Biomaterials 34(4), 1372-1382 (2013).
46. Shapira A, Assaraf YG, Epstein D, Livney YD. Beta-casein nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for chemotherapeutic drugs: impact of drug structure and properties on coassembly. Pharm. Res. 27(10), 2175-2186 (2010).
47. Nakagawa K, Kagemoto M. Characterization of caseinbased nanoparticles formed upon freezing by in situ SAXS measurement. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 103, 366-374 (2013).
48. Shapira A, Davidson I, Avni N, Assaraf YG, Livney YD. β-Casein nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery system for potential treatment of gastric carcinoma: stability, target-activated release and cytotoxicity. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 80(2), 298-305 (2012).
49. Bachar M, Mandelbaum A, Portnaya I et al. Development and characterization of a novel drug nanocarrier for oral delivery, based on self-assembled β-casein micelles. J. Control. Release 160(2), 164-171 (2012).
50. Gunasekaran S, Ko S, Xiao L. Use of whey proteins for encapsulation and controlled delivery applications. J. Food Eng. 83(1), 31-40 (2007).
51. Zhou J, Wang S, Gunasekaran S. Preparation and characterization of whey protein film incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Food Sci. 74(7), N50-N56 (2009).
52. Gülseren I, Fang Y, Corredig M. Complexation of high methoxyl pectin with ethanol desolvated whey protein nanoparticles: physico-chemical properties and encapsulation behaviour. Food Funct. 3(8), 859-866 (2012).
53. Gülseren I, Fang Y, Corredig M. Zinc incorporation capacity of whey protein nanoparticles prepared with desolvation with ethanol. Food Chem. 135(2), 770-774 (2012).
54. Aramwit P, Siritientong T, Srichana T. Potential applications of silk sericin, a natural protein from textile industry byproducts. Waste Manage. Res. 30(3), 217-224 (2011).
55. Cho KY, Moon JY, Lee YW et al. Preparation of self-assembled silk sericin nanoparticles. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 32(1), 36-42 (2003).
56. Tudora M-R, Zaharia C, Stancu I-C, Vasile E, Truşcə R, Cincu C. Natural silk fibroin micro-and nanoparticles with potential uses in drug delivery systems. UPB Sci. Bull. 75(1), 43-52 (2013).
57. Myung SJ, Kim H-S, Kim Y, Chen P, Jin H-J. Fluorescent silk fibroin nanoparticles prepared using a reverse microemulsion. Macromol. Res. 16(7), 604-608 (2008).
58. Numata K, Kaplan DL. Silk-based delivery systems of bioactive molecules. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 62(15), 1497-1508 (2010).
59. Zhu L, Hu R-P, Wang H-Y, Wang Y-J, Zhang Y-Q. Bioconjugation of neutral protease on silk fibroin nanoparticles and application in the controllable hydrolysis of sericin. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 59(18), 10298-10302 (2011).
60. Zhang Y-Q, Wang Y-J, Wang H-Y, Zhu L, Zhou Z-Z. Highly efficient processing of silk fibroin nanoparticle-lasparaginase bioconjugates and their characterization as a drug delivery system. Soft Matter 7(20), 9728-9736 (2011).
61. Yan H-B, Zhang Y-Q, Ma Y-L, Zhou L-X. Biosynthesis of insulin-silk fibroin nanoparticles conjugates and in vitro evaluation of a drug delivery system. J. Nanopart. Res. 11(8), 1937-1946 (2009).
62. Numata K, Yamazaki S, Naga N. Biocompatible and biodegradable dual-drug release system based on silk hydrogel containing silk nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 13(5), 1383-1389 (2012).
63. Subia B, Kundu S. Drug loading and release on tumor cells using silk fibroin-albumin nanoparticles as carriers. Nanotechnology 24(3), 1-11 (2013).
64. Mandal BB, Kundu S. Self-assembled silk sericin/ poloxamer nanoparticles as nanocarriers of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs for targeted delivery. Nanotechnology 20(35), 1-14 (2009).
65. Praveen G, Sreerekha P, Menon D, Nair SV, Chennazhi KP. Fibrin nanoconstructs: A novel processing method and their use as controlled delivery agents. Nanotechnology 23(9), 1-11 (2012).
66. Vedakumari WS, Prabu P, Babu SC, Sastry TP. Fibrin nanoparticles as Possible vehicles for drug delivery. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1830(8), 4244-4253 (2013).
67. Alphonsa BM, Kumar PS, Praveen G, Biswas R, Chennazhi K, Jayakumar R. Antimicrobial drugs encapsulated in fibrin nanoparticles for treating microbial infested wounds. Pharm. Res. 31(5), 1338-1351 (2014).
68. Nalwa HS. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology. Academic Press, MA, USA (1999).
69. Duclairoir C, Orecchioni A-M, Depraetere P, Osterstock F, Nakache E. Evaluation of gliadins nanoparticles as drug delivery systems: A study of three different drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 253(1), 133-144 (2003).
70. Joye IJ, Nelis VA, Mcclements DJ. Gliadin-based nanoparticles: stabilization by post-production polysaccharide coating. Food Hydrocolloids 43, 236-242 (2014).
71. Arangoa MA, Campanero MA, Renedo MJ, Ponchel G, Irache JM. Gliadin nanoparticles as carriers for the oral administration of lipophilic drugs. Relationships between bioadhesion and pharmacokinetics. Pharm. Res. 18(11), 1521-1527 (2001).
72. Ramteke S, Jain NK. Clarithromycin-and omeprazolecontaining gliadin nanoparticles for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. J. Drug Target. 16(1), 65-72 (2008).
73. Umamaheshwari R, Jain N. Receptor mediated targeting of lectin conjugated gliadin nanoparticles in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. J. Drug Target. 11(7), 415-424 (2003).
74. Gulfam M, Kim J-E, Lee JM, Ku B, Chung BH, Chung BG. Anticancer drug-loaded gliadin nanoparticles induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Langmuir 28(21), 8216-8223 (2012).
75. Duclairoir C, Orecchioni A, Depraetere P, Nakache E. α-Tocopherol encapsulation and in vitro release from wheat gliadin nanoparticles. J. Microencapsul. 19(1), 53-60 (2002).
76. Shukla R, Cheryan M. Zein: The industrial protein from corn. Ind. Crops. Prod. 13(3), 171-192 (2001).
77. Luo Y, Zhang B, Whent M, Yu LL, Wang Q. Preparation and characterization of zein/chitosan complex for encapsulation of α-tocopherol, and its in vitro controlled release study. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 85(2), 145-152 (2011).
78. Matthews LB, Kunkel ME, Acton JC, Ogale AA, Dawson PL. Bioavailability of soy protein and corn zein films. Food Nutr. Sci. 2(10), 1-9 (2011).
79. Zhang J, Field CJ, Vine D, Chen L. Intestinal uptake and transport of vitamin B12-loaded soy protein nanoparticles. Pharm. Res. 32(4), 1288-1303 (2015).
80. Gomez-Estaca J, Balaguer M, Gavara R, Hernandez-Munoz P. Formation of zein nanoparticles by electrohydrodynamic atomization: effect of the main processing variables and suitability for encapsulating the food coloring and active ingredient curcumin. Food Hydrocolloids 28(1), 82-91 (2012).
81. Hu K, Mcclements DJ. Fabrication of biopolymer nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation and electrostatic deposition: zein-alginate core/shell nanoparticles. Food Hydrocolloids 44, 101-108 (2015).
82. Patel AR, Velikov KP. Zein as a source of functional colloidal nano-and microstructures. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 19(5), 450-458 (2014).
83. Chen H, Zhong Q. A novel method of preparing stable zein nanoparticle dispersions for encapsulation of peppermint oil. Food Hydrocolloids 43, 593-602 (2014).
84. Paliwal R, Palakurthi S. Zein in controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. J. Control. Release 189, 108-122 (2014).
85. Xu H, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Reddy N, Yang Y. Biodegradable hollow zein nanoparticles for removal of reactive dyes from wastewater. J. Environ. Manage. 125, 33-40 (2013).
86. Xu H, Jiang Q, Reddy N, Yang Y. Hollow nanoparticles from zein for potential medical applications. J. Mater. Chem. 21(45), 18227-18235 (2011).
87. Luo Y, Wang Q. Zein-based micro-and nano-particles for drug and nutrient delivery: A review. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131(16), 1-12 (2014).
88. Lai L, Guo H. Preparation of new 5-fluorouracil-loaded zein nanoparticles for liver targeting. Int. J. Pharm. 404(1), 317-323 (2011).
89. Lee S, Alwahab NSA, Moazzam ZM. Zein-based oral drug delivery system targeting activated macrophages. Int. J. Pharm. 454(1), 388-393 (2013).
90. Zou T, Gu L. TPGS emulsified zein nanoparticles enhanced oral bioavailability of daidzin: in vitro characteristics and in vivo performance. Mol. Pharm. 10(5), 2062-2070 (2013).
91. Hu D, Lin C, Liu L, Li S, Zhao Y. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro release investigation of lutein/zein nanoparticles via solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids. J. Food Eng. 109(3), 545.552 (2012).
92. Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH. Biologically active constituents of soybean In: A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research . Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen Relationships. Intech Open, 239-260 (2013).
93. Teng Z, Luo Y, Wang Q. Nanoparticles synthesized from soy protein: preparation, characterization, and application for nutraceutical encapsulation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60(10), 2712.2720 (2012).
94. Xu J. Effect of glycinin and conglycinin on the absorbing capacity of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 8(2), 73.78 (2014).
95. Yuan YJ, Velev OD, Chen K, Campbell BE, Kaler EW, Lenhoff AM. Effect of pH and Ca2+-induced associations of soybean proteins. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 50(17), 4953.4958 (2002).
96. Cully J. Book Of Aspects Of Structure And Functionality In Legumin And Vicilin From Vicia Faba Seeds. University of Durham, Durham, UK (1987).
97. Irache JM, Bergougnoux L, Ezpeleta I, Gueguen J, Orecchioni A-M. Optimization and in vitro stability of legumin nanoparticles obtained by a coacervation method. Int. J. Pharm. 126(1), 103.109 (1995).
98. Mirshahi T, Irache J, Nicolas C et al. Adaptive immune responses of legumin nanoparticles. J. Drug Target. 10(8), 625.631 (2002).
99. O'kane FE, Happe RP, Vereijken JM, Gruppen H, Van Boekel MA. Characterization of pea vicilin. 1. Denoting convicilin as the subunit of the Pisum vicilin family. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52(10), 3141.3148 (2004).
100. Das S, Banerjee R, Bellare J. Aspirin loaded albumin nanoparticles by coacervation: implications in drug delivery. Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs 18(2), 203.212 (2005).
101. Merodio M, Arnedo A, Renedo MJ, Irache JM. Ganciclovirloaded albumin nanoparticles: characterization and in vitro release properties. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(3), 251.259 (2001).
102. Quinlan GJ, Martin GS, Evans TW. Albumin: biochemical properties and therapeutic potential. Hepatology 41(6), 1211.1219 (2005).
103. Mishra V, Mahor S, Rawat A et al. Targeted brain delivery of AZT via transferrin anchored pegylated albumin nanoparticles. J. Drug Target. 14(1), 45.53 (2006).
104. Irache J, Merodio M, Arnedo A, Camapanero M, Mirshahi M, Espuelas S. Albumin nanoparticles for the intravitreal delivery of anticytomegaloviral drugs. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 5(3), 293.305 (2005).
105. Zimmer AK, Chetoni P, Saettone MF, Zerbe H, Kreuter J. Evaluation of pilocarpine-loaded albumin particles as controlled drug delivery systems for the eye. II. Coadministration with bioadhesive and viscous polymers. J. Control. Release 33(1), 31.46 (1995).
106. Kufleitner J, Wagner S, Worek F, Von Briesen H, Kreuter J. Adsorption of obidoxime onto human serum albumin nanoparticles: drug loading, particle size and drug release. J. Microencapsul. 27(6), 506.513 (2010).
107. Luppi B, Bigucci F, Corace G et al. Albumin nanoparticles carrying cyclodextrins for nasal delivery of the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 44(4), 559.565 (2011).
108. Ulbrich K, Knobloch T, Kreuter J. Targeting the insulin receptor: nanoparticles for drug delivery across the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). J. Drug Target. 19(2), 125.132 (2011).
109. Merodio M, Irache JM, Valamanesh F, Mirshahi M. Ocular disposition and tolerance of ganciclovir-loaded albumin nanoparticles after intravitreal injection in rats. Biomaterials 23(7), 1587.1594 (2002).
110. Vandervoort J, Ludwig A. Preparation and evaluation of drug-loaded gelatin nanoparticles for topical ophthalmic use. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 57(2), 251.261 (2004).
111. Naidu B, Paulson AT. A new method for the preparation of gelatin nanoparticles: encapsulation and drug release characteristics. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 121(6), 3495.3500 (2011).
112. Lu Z, Yeh T-K, Tsai M, Au JL-S, Wientjes MG. Paclitaxelloaded gelatin nanoparticles for intravesical bladder cancer therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(22), 7677.7684 (2004).
113. Lee EJ, Khan SA, Park JK, Lim K-H. Studies on the characteristics of drug-loaded gelatin nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 35(1.2), 297.307 (2012).
114. Leo E, Angela Vandelli M, Cameroni R, Forni F. Doxorubicin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles stabilized by glutaraldehyde: involvement of the drug in the cross-linking process. Int. J. Pharm. 155(1), 75.82 (1997).
115. Nahar M, Mishra D, Dubey V, Jain NK. Development, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of amphotericin B-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 4(3), 252.261 (2008).
116. Jain SK, Gupta Y, Jain A, Saxena AR, Khare P, Jain A. Mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles bearing an anti-HIV drug didanosine for site-specific delivery. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 4(1), 41.48 (2008).
117. Shi P, Aluri S, Lin Y-A et al. Elastin-based protein polymer nanoparticles carrying drug at both corona and core suppress tumor growth in vivo. J. Control. Release 171(3), 330.338 (2013).
118. Machado R, Araujo R, Silva C et al. Recombinant elastin like polymers: from the design towards application. Book of Abstracts of MicroBiotec 09. 6, 58 (2009).
119. Herrero-Vanrell R, Rincon A, Alonso M, Reboto V, Molina-Martinez I, Rodriguez-Cabello J. Self-assembled particles of an elastin-like polymer as vehicles for controlled drug release. J. Control. Release 102(1), 113.122 (2005).
120. El-Samaligy M, Rohdewald P. Reconstituted collagen nanoparticles, a novel drug carrier delivery system. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 35(8), 537.539 (1983).
121. Seib FP, Jones GT, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Lin Y, Kaplan DL. pHdependent anticancer drug release from silk nanoparticles. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2(12), 1606.1611 (2013).
122. Livney YD. Bioavailability of vitamin D encapsulated in casein micelles, compared with its bioavailability in a synthetic emulsifier currently used for supplementation and enrichment. www.halavi.org.il/info/research/8/838-0576-12.pdf
123. Shapira A, Markman G, Assaraf YG, Livney YD. casein.based nanovehicles for oral delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs: drug-protein interactions and mitoxantrone loading capacity. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 6(4), 547.555 (2010).
124. Elzoghby AO, Helmy MW, Samy WM, Elgindy NA. Novel ionically crosslinked casein nanoparticles for flutamide delivery: formulation, characterization, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Int. J. Nanomed. 8, 1721 (2013).
125. Elzoghby AO, Samy WM, Elgindy NA. Novel spray-dried genipin-crosslinked casein nanoparticles for prolonged release of alfuzosin hydrochloride. Pharm. Res. 30(2), 512.522 (2013).
126. Zhen X, Wang X, Yang C et al. Synthesis, cellular uptake, and biodistribution of Whey-Rich nanoparticles. Macromol. Biosci. 14(8), 1149.1159 (2014).
127. Satpathy G, Rosenberg M. Encapsulation of chlorothiazide in whey proteins: effects of wall-to-core ratio and crosslinking conditions on microcapsule properties and drug release. J. Microencapsul. 20(2), 227.245 (2003).
128. Ezpeleta I, Irache JM, Stainmesse S et al. Gliadin nanoparticles for the controlled release of all-trans-retinoic acid. Int. J. Pharm. 131(2), 191.200 (1996).
129. Arangoa M, Ponchel G, Orecchioni A, Renedo M, Duchene D, Irache J. Bioadhesive potential of gliadin nanoparticulate systems. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(4), 333.341 (2000).
130. Podaralla S, Perumal O. Influence of formulation factors on the preparation of zein nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 13(3), 919.927 (2012).
131. Luo Y, Teng Z, Wang Q. Development of zein nanoparticles coated with carboxymethyl chitosan for encapsulation and controlled release of vitamin D3. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 60(3), 836.843 (2012).
132. Hosseinkhani H, He W-J, Chiang C-H et al. Biodegradable nanoparticles for gene therapy technology. J. Nanopart. Res. 15(7), 1.15 (2013).
133. Dizaj SM, Jafari S, Khosroushahi AY. A sight on the current nanoparticle-based gene delivery vectors. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9(1), 1.9 (2014).
134. Boulaiz H, Marchal JA, Prados J, Melguizo C, Aranega A. Non-viral and viral vectors for gene therapy. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 51(1), 3.22 (2004).
135. Raftery R, O'brien FJ, Cryan S-A. Chitosan for gene delivery and orthopedic tissue engineering applications. Molecules. 18(5), 5611.5647 (2013).
136. Mo Y, Barnett ME, Takemoto D, Davidson H, Kompella UB. Human serum albumin nanoparticles for efficient delivery of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase gene. Mol. Vis. 13, 746 (2007).
137. Langiu M, Dadparvar M, Kreuter J, Ruonala MO. Human serum albumin-based nanoparticle-mediated in vitro gene delivery. PLoS ONE 9(9), e107603 (2014).
138. Lee SJ, Yhee JY, Kim SH, Kwon IC, Kim K. Biocompatible gelatin nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of polymerized siRNA in tumor-bearing mice. J. Control. Release 172(1), 358.366 (2013).
139. Zorzi GK, Parraga JE, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Hybrid nanoparticle design based on cationized gelatin and the polyanions dextran sulfate and chondroitin sulfate for ocular gene therapy. Macromol. Biosci. 11(7), 905.913 (2011).
140. Xu J, Singh A, Amiji MM. Redox-responsive targeted gelatin nanoparticles for delivery of combination wt-p53 expressing plasmid DNA and gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 14(1), 75 (2014).
141. Konat Zorzi G, Contreras-Ruiz L, Parraga JE et al. Expression of MUC5AC in ocular surface epithelial cells using cationized gelatin nanoparticles. Mol. Pharm. 8(5), 1783.1788 (2011).
142. Regier MC, Taylor JD, Borcyk T, Yang Y, Pannier AK. Fabrication and characterization of DNA.loadedzein nanospheres. J. Nanobiotechnol. 10(1), 44 (2012).
143. Deshayes S, Gref R. Synthetic and bioinspired cage nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nanomed. 9(10), 1545.1564 (2014).
144. Lim S, Peng T, Sana B. Protein cages as theranostic agent carriers. IFMBE PROC. 39, 321.324 (2012).
145. Flenniken ML, Uchida M, Liepold LO, Kang S, Young MJ, Douglas T. A library of protein cage architectures as nanomaterials. Vir. Nanotechnol. 327, 71.93 (2009).
146. Heddle JG. Protein cages, rings and tubes: useful components of future nanodevices? Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 1, 67.78 (2008).
147. Bhushan B, Kumar SU, Matai I, Sachdev A, Dubey P, Gopinath P. Ferritin nanocages: A novel platform for biomedical applications. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 10(10), 2950.2976 (2014).