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1
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NSDUH Series H-46, HHS Publication No. (SMA)
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2
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84890798099
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University of Michigan News Service: Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved 09/24/2013 from
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Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. The rise in teen marijuana use stalls, synthetic marijuana use levels, and use of 'bath salts' is very low. University of Michigan News Service: Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved 09/24/2013 from http://www.monitoringthefuture.org, 2012.
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The Rise in Teen Marijuana Use Stalls, Synthetic Marijuana Use Levels, and Use of 'Bath Salts' is Very Low
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Johnston, L.D.1
O'malley, P.M.2
Bachman, J.G.3
Schulenberg, J.E.4
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3
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84887869784
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Forensic investigation of K2, Spice, and "bath salt" commercial preparations: A three-year study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds
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This study details efforts to track the compositions of commercial SCB products in the state of Arkansas over a three-year period during which several major state and federal legislative changes aimed at controling the proliferation of these substances were enacted. The major psychoactive constituents on commercial SCB products are described, as are the effects of legislation on drug availability
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Seely KA, Patton AL, Moran CL, Womack ML, Prather PL, Fantegrossi WE, et al. Forensic investigation of K2, Spice, and "bath salt" commercial preparations: A three-year study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds. Forensic Sci Int. 2013. 233(1-3): p. 416-22. This study details efforts to track the compositions of commercial SCB products in the state of Arkansas over a three-year period during which several major state and federal legislative changes aimed at controling the proliferation of these substances were enacted. The major psychoactive constituents on commercial SCB products are described, as are the effects of legislation on drug availability.
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Seely, K.A.1
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Prather, P.L.5
Fantegrossi, W.E.6
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4
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66249133962
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‘Spice’ and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs?
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PID: 19189348
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Auwarter V, Dresen S, Weinmann W, Muller M, Putz M, Ferreiros N. ‘Spice’ and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs? J Mass Spectrom. 2009;44(5):832–7.
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J Mass Spectrom
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Auwarter, V.1
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5
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Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of five synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I
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Drug Enforcement Administration. Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of five synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I. Microgram Bulletin, 2011. 44(3): 21-30.
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Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids ("Spice"): a case series
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Musshoff F, Madea B, Kernbach-Wighton G, Bicker W, Kneisel S, Hutter M, et al. Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids ("Spice"): a case series. Int J Leg Med. 2014;128:59–64.
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Int J Leg Med
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Musshoff, F.1
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Hutter, M.6
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7
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Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I
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Spice: a never ending story?
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Lindigkeit R, Boehme A, Eiserloh I, Luebbecke M, Wiggermann M, Ernst L, et al. Spice: a never ending story? Forensic Sci Int. 2009;191(1–3):58–63.
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Lindigkeit, R.1
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Ernst, L.6
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9
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67649159427
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Investigating a not-so-natural high
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12
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Pant S, Deshmukh A, Dholaria B, Kaur V, Ramavaram S, Ukor M, et al. Spicy seizure. Am J Med Sci. 2012;344(1):67–8.
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13
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84857796142
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Convulsions associated with the use of a synthetic cannabinoid product
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PID: 22160733
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Schneir AB, Baumbacher T. Convulsions associated with the use of a synthetic cannabinoid product. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(1):62–4.
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Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: A case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans
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Several cases of SCB use among THC-dependent subjects are described. The fact that SCBs prevent or alleviate THC withdrawal implies that these drugs are likely to share a common site and mechanism of action
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Gunderson EW, Haughey HM, Ait-Daoud N, Joshi AS, Hart CL. "Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans. Am J Addict. 2012. 21(4): p. 320-6. Several cases of SCB use among THC-dependent subjects are described. The fact that SCBs prevent or alleviate THC withdrawal implies that these drugs are likely to share a common site and mechanism of action.
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Am J Addict
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Gunderson, E.W.1
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Hart, C.L.5
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15
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84887946242
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The synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome
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Nacca N, Vatti D, Sullivan R, Sud P, Su M, Marraffa J. The synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome. J Addict Med. 2013;7(4):296–8.
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This is the first demonstration that cannabimimetic effects of a commercial SCB product are induced in mice after "smoking." All of the in vivo endpoints of the cannabinoid tetrad are utilized, and these effects are blunted in mice previously administered a CB1 antagonist
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This paper assesses CB1 receptor affinity and efficacy for a number of hydroxylated Phase I metabolistes of the SCB JWH-018. In vitro, it is shown that many of these metabolites retain high affinity for the CB1 receptor, and exhibit a range of efficacies from full agonism to antagonism. In vivo, one of these metabolites elicits hypothermic effects via activation of CB1 receptors. The formation of these active metabolites will likely differ among individuals as a function of CPY450 polymorphisms, and may be a mechanism for toxicity in some individuals
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