Cancer active targeting by nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of literature

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Volumn 141, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 769-784

  Bazak, Remon ^a   Houri, Mohamad ^c   El Achy, Samar ^b   Kamel, Serag ^b   Refaat, Tamer ^a,d  

^a ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^b ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^c BEIRUT ARAB UNIVERSITY   (Lebanon)

^d NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Active targeting; Cancer; Nanoparticles

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; NANOPARTICLE;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; HUMAN; NEOPLASMS; PROCEDURES;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; NANOPARTICLES; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84931439654     PISSN: 01715216     EISSN: 14321335     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1767-3     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Adolphi NL, Butler KS, Lovato DM, Tessier TE, Trujillo JE, Hathaway HJ et al (2012) Imaging of Her2-targeted magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer detection: comparison of SQUID-detected magnetic relaxometry and MRI. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 7(3):308–319
2. Anabousi S, Bakowsky U, Schneider M, Huwer H, Lehr CM, Ehrhardt C (2006) In vitro assessment of transferrin-conjugated liposomes as drug delivery systems for inhalation therapy of lung cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci Off J Eur Fed Pharm Sci 29(5):367–374
3. Asadishad B, Vossoughi M, Alamzadeh I (2010) In vitro release behavior and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles in cancerous cells. Biotechnol Lett 32(5):649–654
4. Bagalkot V, Zhang L, Levy-Nissenbaum E, Jon S, Kantoff PW, Langer R et al (2007) Quantum dot-aptamer conjugates for synchronous cancer imaging, therapy, and sensing of drug delivery based on bi-fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Nano Lett 7(10):3065–3070
5. Beduneau A, Saulnier P, Benoit JP (2007) Active targeting of brain tumors using nanocarriers. Biomaterials 28(33):4947–4967
6. Bisker G, Yeheskely-Hayon D, Minai L, Yelin D (2012) Controlled release of Rituximab from gold nanoparticles for phototherapy of malignant cells. J Control Release 162(2):303–309
7. Bouras A, Kaluzova M, Hadjipanayis CG (2012) 192 Epidermal growth factor receptor antibody-conjugated iron-oxide nanoparticles: therapeutic targeting and radiosensitivity enhancement of glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 71(2):E574–E575
8. Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Gambini C, Allen TM, Ponzoni M, Pastorino F (2003) Development of Fab’ fragments of anti-GD(2) immunoliposomes entrapping doxorubicin for experimental therapy of human neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 197(1–2):199–204
9. Byrne JD, Betancourt T, Brannon-Peppas L (2008) Active targeting schemes for nanoparticle systems in cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(15):1615–1626
10. Chattopadhyay N, Fonge H, Cai Z, Scollard D, Lechtman E, Done SJ et al (2012) Role of antibody-mediated tumor targeting and route of administration in nanoparticle tumor accumulation in vivo. Mol Pharm 9(8):2168–2179
11. Chen H, Gao J, Lu Y, Kou G, Zhang H, Fan L et al (2008a) Preparation and characterization of PE38KDEL-loaded anti-HER2 nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. J Control Release 128(3):209–216
12. Chen HW, Medley CD, Sefah K, Shangguan D, Tang Z, Meng L et al (2008b) Molecular recognition of small-cell lung cancer cells using aptamers. ChemMedChem 3(6):991–1001
13. Chen TJ, Cheng TH, Hung YC, Lin KT, Liu GC, Wang YM (2008c) Targeted folic acid-PEG nanoparticles for noninvasive imaging of folate receptor by MRI. J Biomed Mater Res A 87(1):165–175
14. Chen T, Shukoor MI, Wang R, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Bamrungsap S et al (2011) Smart multifunctional nanostructure for targeted cancer chemotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging. ACS Nano 5(10):7866–7873
15. Cherukuri P, Curley SA (2010) Use of nanoparticles for targeted, noninvasive thermal destruction of malignant cells. Methods Mol Biol 624:359–373
16. Chiu TC, Huang CC (2009) Aptamer-functionalized nano-biosensors. Sensors (Basel) 9(12):10356–10388
17. Cho YS, Yoon TJ, Jang ES, Soo Hong K, Young Lee S, Ran Kim O et al (2010) Cetuximab-conjugated magneto-fluorescent silica nanoparticles for in vivo colon cancer targeting and imaging. Cancer Lett 299(1):63–71
18. Choi H, Choi SR, Zhou R, Kung HF, Chen IW (2004) Iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agent for tumor imaging via folate receptor-targeted delivery. Acad Radiol 11(9):996–1004
19. Choi CH, Alabi CA, Webster P, Davis ME (2010) Mechanism of active targeting in solid tumors with transferrin-containing gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(3):1235–1240
20. Choi J, Yang J, Bang D, Park J, Suh JS, Huh YM et al (2012) Targetable gold nanorods for epithelial cancer therapy guided by near-IR absorption imaging. Small 8(5):746–753
21. Cirstoiu-Hapca A, Bossy-Nobs L, Buchegger F, Gurny R, Delie F (2007) Differential tumor cell targeting of anti-HER2 (Herceptin) and anti-CD20 (Mabthera) coupled nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 331(2):190–196
22. Corbin IR, Ng KK, Ding L, Jurisicova A, Zheng G (2012) Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of metastatic ovarian cancer using folate receptor-targeted high-density lipoprotein nanocarriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 8(6):875–890
23. Corsi F, Fiandra L, De Palma C, Colombo M, Mazzucchelli S, Verderio P et al (2011) HER2 expression in breast cancer cells is downregulated upon active targeting by antibody-engineered multifunctional nanoparticles in mice. ACS Nano 5(8):6383–6393
24. Danhier F, Feron O, Preat V (2010) To exploit the tumor microenvironment: passive and active tumor targeting of nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. J Control Release 148(2):135–146
25. Daniels TR, Bernabeu E, Rodriguez JA, Patel S, Kozman M, Chiappetta DA et al (2012) The transferrin receptor and the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents against cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1820(3):291–317
26. Day ES, Bickford LR, Slater JH, Riggall NS, Drezek RA, West JL (2010) Antibody-conjugated gold–gold sulfide nanoparticles as multifunctional agents for imaging and therapy of breast cancer. Int J Nanomed 5:445–454
27. Debbage P (2009) Targeted drugs and nanomedicine: present and future. Curr Pharm Des 15(2):153–172
28. Deepagan VG, Sarmento B, Menon D, Nascimento A, Jayasree A, Sreeranganathan M et al (2012) In vitro targeted imaging and delivery of camptothecin using cetuximab-conjugated multifunctional PLGA-ZnS nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 7(4):507–519
29. Derycke AS, De Witte PA (2002) Transferrin-mediated targeting of hypericin embedded in sterically stabilized PEG-liposomes. Int J Oncol 20(1):181–187
30. Destounis SV, DiNitto P, Logan-Young W, Bonaccio E, Zuley ML, Willison KM (2004) Can computer-aided detection with double reading of screening mammograms help decrease the false-negative rate? Initial experience. Radiology 232(2):578–584
31. Dhar S, Gu FX, Langer R, Farokhzad OC, Lippard SJ (2008) Targeted delivery of cisplatin to prostate cancer cells by aptamer functionalized Pt(IV) prodrug-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(45):17356–17361
32. Dilnawaz F, Singh A, Mohanty C, Sahoo SK (2010) Dual drug loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 31(13):3694–3706
33. Eavarone DA, Yu X, Bellamkonda RV (2000) Targeted drug delivery to C6 glioma by transferrin-coupled liposomes. J Biomed Mater Res 51(1):10–14
34. Elnakat H, Ratnam M (2004) Distribution, functionality and gene regulation of folate receptor isoforms: implications in targeted therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56(8):1067–1084
35. Estevez MC, Huang YF, Kang H, O’Donoghue MB, Bamrungsap S, Yan J et al (2010) Nanoparticle-aptamer conjugates for cancer cell targeting and detection. Methods Mol Biol 624:235–248
36. Fan K, Cao C, Pan Y, Lu D, Yang D, Feng J et al (2012) Magnetoferritin nanoparticles for targeting and visualizing tumour tissues. Nat Nanotechnol 7(7):459–464
37. Fang X, Tan W (2010) Aptamers generated from cell-SELEX for molecular medicine: a chemical biology approach. Acc Chem Res 43(1):48–57
38. Farokhzad OC, Jon S, Khademhosseini A, Tran TN, Lavan DA, Langer R (2004) Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates: a new approach for targeting prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 64(21):7668–7672
39. Farokhzad OC, Cheng J, Teply BA, Sherifi I, Jon S, Kantoff PW et al (2006) Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:6315–6320
40. Fonseca C, Moreira JN, Ciudad CJ (2005) Pedroso de Lima MC, Simoes S. Targeting of sterically stabilised pH-sensitive liposomes to human T-leukaemia cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 59(2):359–366
41. Gabizon A, Horowitz AT, Goren D, Tzemach D, Shmeeda H, Zalipsky S (2003) In vivo fate of folate-targeted polyethylene-glycol liposomes in tumor-bearing mice. Clin Cancer Res 9(17):6551–6559
42. Gabizon A, Tzemach D, Gorin J, Mak L, Amitay Y, Shmeeda H et al (2010) Improved therapeutic activity of folate-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in folate receptor-expressing tumor models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 66(1):43–52
43. Gan CW, Feng SS (2010) Transferrin-conjugated nanoparticles of poly(lactide)-D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate diblock copolymer for targeted drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier. Biomaterials 31(30):7748–7757
44. Gao X, Luo Y, Wang Y, Pang J, Liao C, Lu H et al (2012) Prostate stem cell antigen-targeted nanoparticles with dual functional properties: in vivo imaging and cancer chemotherapy. Int J Nanomed 7:4037–4051
45. Glazer ES, Massey KL, Zhu C, Curley SA (2010a) Pancreatic carcinoma cells are susceptible to noninvasive radio frequency fields after treatment with targeted gold nanoparticles. Surgery 148(2):319–324
46. Glazer ES, Zhu C, Massey KL, Thompson CS, Kaluarachchi WD, Hamir AN et al (2010b) Noninvasive radiofrequency field destruction of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts treated with targeted gold nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res 16(23):5712–5721
47. Gosk S, Vermehren C, Storm G, Moos T (2004) Targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 24(11):1193–1204
48. Greish K (2007) Enhanced permeability and retention of macromolecular drugs in solid tumors: a royal gate for targeted anticancer nanomedicines. J Drug Target 15(7–8):457–464
49. Greish K (2010) Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for anticancer nanomedicine drug targeting. Methods Mol Biol 624:25–37
50. Groothuis DR (2000) The blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers: a review of strategies for increasing drug delivery. Neuro Oncol 2(1):45–59
51. Harding J, Burtness B (2005) Cetuximab: an epidermal growth factor receptor chemeric human-murine monoclonal antibody. Drugs Today (Barc) 41(2):107–127
52. Hathaway HJ, Butler KS, Adolphi NL, Lovato DM, Belfon R, Fegan D et al (2011) Detection of breast cancer cells using targeted magnetic nanoparticles and ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors. Breast Cancer Res 13(5):R108
53. Herr JK, Smith JE, Medley CD, Shangguan D, Tan W (2006) Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for selective collection and detection of cancer cells. Anal Chem 78(9):2918–2924
54. Hilgenbrink AR, Low PS (2005) Folate receptor-mediated drug targeting: from therapeutics to diagnostics. J Pharm Sci 94(10):2135–2146
55. Hong M, Zhu S, Jiang Y, Tang G, Sun C, Fang C et al (2010) Novel anti-tumor strategy: pEG-hydroxycamptothecin conjugate loaded transferrin-PEG-nanoparticles. J Control Release 141(1):22–29
56. Hrkach J, Von Hoff D, Mukkaram Ali M, Andrianova E, Auer J, Campbell T et al (2012) Preclinical development and clinical translation of a PSMA-targeted docetaxel nanoparticle with a differentiated pharmacological profile. Sci Transl Med 4(128):128ra39
57. Huang YF, Chang HT, Tan W (2008) Cancer cell targeting using multiple aptamers conjugated on nanorods. Anal Chem 80(3):567–572
58. Huang YF, Lin YW, Lin ZH, Chang HT (2009) Aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer cells through light scattering. J Nanopart Res 11:775–783
59. Huh YM, Jun YW, Song HT, Kim S, Choi JS, Lee JH et al (2005) In vivo magnetic resonance detection of cancer by using multifunctional magnetic nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 127(35):12387–12391
60. Huwyler J, Wu D, Pardridge WM (1996) Brain drug delivery of small molecules using immunoliposomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(24):14164–14169
61. Hwang do W, Ko HY, Lee JH, Kang H, Ryu SH, Song IC et al (2010) A nucleolin-targeted multimodal nanoparticle imaging probe for tracking cancer cells using an aptamer. J Nucl Med 51(1):98–105
62. Iinuma H, Maruyama K, Okinaga K, Sasaki K, Sekine T, Ishida O et al (2002) Intracellular targeting therapy of cisplatin-encapsulated transferrin-polyethylene glycol liposome on peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 99(1):130–137
63. Ishida O, Maruyama K, Tanahashi H, Iwatsuru M, Sasaki K, Eriguchi M et al (2001) Liposomes bearing polyethyleneglycol-coupled transferrin with intracellular targeting property to the solid tumors in vivo. Pharm Res 18(7):1042–1048
64. Javier DJ, Nitin N, Levy M, Ellington A, Richards-Kortum R (2008) Aptamer-targeted gold nanoparticles as molecular-specific contrast agents for reflectance imaging. Bioconjug Chem 19(6):1309–1312
65. Jefferies WA, Brandon MR, Hunt SV, Williams AF, Gatter KC, Mason DY (1984) Transferrin receptor on endothelium of brain capillaries. Nature 312(5990):162–163
66. Jiang W, Xie H, Ghoorah D, Shang Y, Shi H, Liu F et al (2012) Conjugation of functionalized SPIONs with transferrin for targeting and imaging brain glial tumors in rat model. PLoS ONE 7(5):e37376
67. Kim D, Jeong YY, Jon S (2010) A drug-loaded aptamer-gold nanoparticle bioconjugate for combined CT imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. ACS Nano 4(7):3689–3696
68. Kobayashi T, Ishida T, Okada Y, Ise S, Harashima H, Kiwada H (2007) Effect of transferrin receptor-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistant tumor cells. Int J Pharm 329(1–2):94–102
69. Kohler G, Milstein C (1975) Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256(5517):495–497
70. Kolishetti N, Dhar S, Valencia PM, Lin LQ, Karnik R, Lippard SJ et al (2010) Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely controlled combination drug therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(42):17939–17944
71. Kreuter J (2007) Nanoparticles—a historical perspective. Int J Pharm 331(1):1–10
72. LaRocque J, Bharali DJ, Mousa SA (2009) Cancer detection and treatment: the role of nanomedicines. Mol Biotechnol 42(3):358–366
73. Lee JH, Yigit MV, Mazumdar D, Lu Y (2010) Molecular diagnostic and drug delivery agents based on aptamer-nanomaterial conjugates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62(6):592–605
74. Li X, Ding L, Xu Y, Wang Y, Ping Q (2009a) Targeted delivery of doxorubicin using stealth liposomes modified with transferrin. Int J Pharm 373(1–2):116–123
75. Li G, Li D, Zhang L, Zhai J, Wang E (2009b) One-step synthesis of folic acid protected gold nanoparticles and their receptor-mediated intracellular uptake. Chemistry 15(38):9868–9873
76. Li N, Larson T, Nguyen HH, Sokolov KV, Ellington AD (2010) Directed evolution of gold nanoparticle delivery to cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 46(3):392–394
77. Liao C, Sun Q, Liang B, Shen J, Shuai X (2011) Targeting EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells using cetuximab-immunomicelles loaded with doxorubicin and superparamagnetic iron oxide. Eur J Radiol 80(3):699–705
78. Ling Y, Wei K, Luo Y, Gao X, Zhong S (2011) Dual docetaxel/superparamagnetic iron oxide loaded nanoparticles for both targeting magnetic resonance imaging and cancer therapy. Biomaterials 32(29):7139–7150
79. Liss M, Petersen B, Wolf H, Prohaska E (2002) An aptamer-based quartz crystal protein biosensor. Anal Chem 74(17):4488–4495
80. Liu G, Mao X, Phillips JA, Xu H, Tan W, Zeng L (2009) Aptamer-nanoparticle strip biosensor for sensitive detection of cancer cells. Anal Chem 81(24):10013–10018
81. Liu D, Chen C, Hu G, Mei Q, Qiu H, Long G (2011) Specific targeting of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1 by C225-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles with magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 43(4):301–306
82. Low PS, Kularatne SA (2009) Folate-targeted therapeutic and imaging agents for cancer. Current Opin Chem Biol 13(3):256–262
83. Lu Y, Yang J, Sega E (2006) Issues related to targeted delivery of proteins and peptides. AAPS J 8(3):E466–E478
84. Lu RM, Chang YL, Chen MS, Wu HC (2011) Single chain anti-c-Met antibody conjugated nanoparticles for in vivo tumor-targeted imaging and drug delivery. Biomaterials 32(12):3265–3274
85. Manju S, Sreenivasan K (2012) Gold nanoparticles generated and stabilized by water soluble curcumin-polymer conjugate: blood compatibility evaluation and targeted drug delivery onto cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 368(1):144–151
86. Marty C, Schwendener RA (2005) Cytotoxic tumor targeting with scFv antibody-modified liposomes. Methods Mol Med 109:389–402
87. Marty C, Odermatt B, Schott H, Neri D, Ballmer-Hofer K, Klemenz R et al (2002) Cytotoxic targeting of F9 teratocarcinoma tumours with anti-ED-B fibronectin scFv antibody modified liposomes. Br J Cancer 87(1):106–112
88. Marty C, Langer-Machova Z, Sigrist S, Schott H, Schwendener RA, Ballmer-Hofer K (2006) Isolation and characterization of a scFv antibody specific for tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1), a new reagent for targeted tumor therapy. Cancer Lett 235(2):298–308
89. Matherly LH, Goldman DI (2003) Membrane transport of folates. Vitam Horm 66:403–456
90. Medley CD, Smith JE, Tang Z, Wu Y, Bamrungsap S, Tan W (2008) Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay for the direct detection of cancerous cells. Anal Chem 80(4):1067–1072
91. Nahta R, Yu D, Hung MC, Hortobagyi GN, Esteva FJ (2006) Mechanisms of disease: understanding resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in human breast cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3(5):269–280
92. Nakase M, Inui M, Okumura K, Kamei T, Nakamura S, Tagawa T (2005) p53 gene therapy of human osteosarcoma using a transferrin-modified cationic liposome. Mol Cancer Ther 4(4):625–631
93. Ni S, Stephenson SM, Lee RJ (2002) Folate receptor targeted delivery of liposomal daunorubicin into tumor cells. Anticancer Res 22(4):2131–2135
94. Ni X, Castanares M, Mukherjee A, Lupold SE (2011) Nucleic acid aptamers: clinical applications and promising new horizons. Curr Med Chem 18(27):4206–4214
95. Nobs L, Buchegger F, Gurny R, Allemann E (2006) Biodegradable nanoparticles for direct or two-step tumor immunotargeting. Bioconjug Chem 17(1):139–145
96. Oghabian MA, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Zolfaghari A, Shamsipour F, Khoei S, Amanpour S (2011) Detectability of Her2 positive tumors using monoclonal antibody conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles in MRI. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11(6):5340–5344
97. Pan XQ, Zheng X, Shi G, Wang H, Ratnam M, Lee RJ (2002) Strategy for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia based on folate receptor beta-targeted liposomal doxorubicin combined with receptor induction using all-trans retinoic acid. Blood 100(2):594–602
98. Pan X, Wu G, Yang W, Barth RF, Tjarks W, Lee RJ (2007) Synthesis of cetuximab-immunoliposomes via a cholesterol-based membrane anchor for targeting of EGFR. Bioconjug Chem 18(1):101–108
99. Parab HJ, Huang JH, Lai TC, Jan YH, Liu RS, Wang JL et al (2011) Biocompatible transferrin-conjugated sodium hexametaphosphate-stabilized gold nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Nanotechnology 22(39):395706
100. Patra CR, Bhattacharya R, Wang E, Katarya A, Lau JS, Dutta S et al (2008) Targeted delivery of gemcitabine to pancreatic adenocarcinoma using cetuximab as a targeting agent. Cancer Res 68(6):1970–1978
101. Patra CR, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P (2010) Fabrication and functional characterization of goldnanoconjugates for potential application in ovarian cancer. J Mater Chem 20(3):547–554
102. Prabaharan M, Grailer JJ, Pilla S, Steeber DA, Gong S (2009) Gold nanoparticles with a monolayer of doxorubicin-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 30(30):6065–6075
103. Press MF, Cordon-Cardo C, Slamon DJ (1990) Expression of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in normal human adult and fetal tissues. Oncogene 5(7):953–962
104. Pulkkinen M, Pikkarainen J, Wirth T, Tarvainen T, Haapa-aho V, Korhonen H et al (2008) Three-step tumor targeting of paclitaxel using biotinylated PLA-PEG nanoparticles and avidin-biotin technology: formulation development and in vitro anticancer activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 70(1):66–74
105. Puvanakrishnan P, Diagaradjane P, Kazmi SM, Dunn AK, Krishnan S, Tunnell JW (2012) Narrow band imaging of squamous cell carcinoma tumors using topically delivered anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanorods. Lasers Surg Med 44(4):310–317
106. Qian ZM, Tang PL (1995) Mechanisms of iron uptake by mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1269(3):205–214
107. Riviere K, Huang Z, Jerger K, Macaraeg N, Szoka FC Jr (2011) Antitumor effect of folate-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in KB tumor-bearing mice after intravenous administration. J Drug Target 19(1):14–24
108. Ruan J, Song H, Qian Q, Li C, Wang K, Bao C et al (2012) HER2 monoclonal antibody conjugated RNase-A-associated CdTe quantum dots for targeted imaging and therapy of gastric cancer. Biomaterials 33(29):7093–7102
109. Rudolph C, Schillinger U, Plank C, Gessner A, Nicklaus P, Muller R et al (2002) Nonviral gene delivery to the lung with copolymer-protected and transferrin-modified polyethylenimine. Biochim Biophys Acta 1573(1):75–83
110. Sahoo SK, Labhasetwar V (2005) Enhanced antiproliferative activity of transferrin-conjugated paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles is mediated via sustained intracellular drug retention. Mol Pharm 2(5):373–383
111. Sahoo SK, Ma W, Labhasetwar V (2004) Efficacy of transferrin-conjugated paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles in a murine model of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 112(2):335–340
112. Sapra P, Moase EH, Ma J, Allen TM (2004) Improved therapeutic responses in a xenograft model of human B lymphoma (Namalwa) for liposomal vincristine versus liposomal doxorubicin targeted via anti-CD19 IgG2a or Fab’ fragments. Clin Cancer Res 10(3):1100–1111
113. Schroeder JE, Shweky I, Shmeeda H, Banin U, Gabizon A (2007) Folate-mediated tumor cell uptake of quantum dots entrapped in lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 124(1–2):28–34
114. Serda RE, Adolphi NL, Bisoffi M, Sillerud LO (2007) Targeting and cellular trafficking of magnetic nanoparticles for prostate cancer imaging. Mol Imaging 6(4):277–288
115. Shah N, Chaudhari K, Dantuluri P, Murthy RS, Das S (2009) Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles surface modified with transferrin and Pluronic((R))P85, an in vitro cell line and in vivo biodistribution studies on rat model. J Drug Target 17(7):533–542
116. Shangguan D, Li Y, Tang Z, Cao ZC, Chen HW, Mallikaratchy P et al (2006) Aptamers evolved from live cells as effective molecular probes for cancer study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(32):11838–11843
117. Shi X, Wang S, Meshinchi S, Van Antwerp ME, Bi X, Lee I et al (2007) Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a platform for cancer-cell targeting and imaging. Small 3(7):1245–1252
118. Shi X, Wang SH, Van Antwerp ME, Chen X, Baker JR Jr (2009a) Targeting and detecting cancer cells using spontaneously formed multifunctional dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Analyst 134(7):1373–1379
119. Shi X, Wang SH, Lee I, Shen M, Baker JR Jr (2009b) Comparison of the internalization of targeted dendrimers and dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles into cancer cells. Biopolymers 91(11):936–942
120. Shmeeda H, Mak L, Tzemach D, Astrahan P, Tarshish M, Gabizon A (2006) Intracellular uptake and intracavitary targeting of folate-conjugated liposomes in a mouse lymphoma model with up-regulated folate receptors. Mol Cancer Ther 5(4):818–824
121. Song EQ, Zhang ZL, Luo QY, Lu W, Shi YB, Pang DW (2009) Tumor cell targeting using folate-conjugated fluorescent quantum dots and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Clin Chem 55(5):955–963
122. Spector NL, Blackwell KL (2009) Understanding the mechanisms behind trastuzumab therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 27(34):5838–5847
123. Steinhauser I, Spankuch B, Strebhardt K, Langer K (2006) Trastuzumab-modified nanoparticles: optimisation of preparation and uptake in cancer cells. Biomaterials 27(28):4975–4983
124. Sugano M, Egilmez NK, Yokota SJ, Chen FA, Harding J, Huang SK et al (2000) Antibody targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes suppresses the growth and metastatic spread of established human lung tumor xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Cancer Res 60(24):6942–6949
125. Suzuki R, Takizawa T, Kuwata Y, Mutoh M, Ishiguro N, Utoguchi N et al (2008) Effective anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin encapsulated in transferrin-PEG-liposome. Int J Pharm 346(1–2):143–150
126. Taghdisi SM, Lavaee P, Ramezani M, Abnous K (2011) Reversible targeting and controlled release delivery of daunorubicin to cancer cells by aptamer-wrapped carbon nanotubes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 77(2):200–206
127. Talekar M, Kendall J, Denny W, Garg S (2011) Targeting of nanoparticles in cancer: drug delivery and diagnostics. Anticancer Drugs 22(10):949–962
128. Taylor RM, Sillerud LO (2012) Paclitaxel-loaded iron platinum stealth immunomicelles are potent MRI imaging agents that prevent prostate cancer growth in a PSMA-dependent manner. Int J Nanomed 7:4341–4352
129. Taylor RM, Huber DL, Monson TC, Ali AM, Bisoffi M, Sillerud LO (2011) Multifunctional iron platinum stealth immunomicelles: targeted detection of human prostate cancer cells using both fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. J Nanopart Res 13(10):4717–4729
130. Thistlethwaite JR Jr, Cosimi AB, Delmonico FL, Rubin RH, Talkoff-Rubin N, Nelson PW et al (1984) Evolving use of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for treatment of renal allograft rejection. Transplantation 38(6):695–701
131. Thomas TP, Patri AK, Myc A, Myaing MT, Ye JY, Norris TB et al (2004) In vitro targeting of synthesized antibody-conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 5(6):2269–2274
132. Torchilin VP (2010) Passive and active drug targeting: drug delivery to tumors as an example. Handb Exp Pharmacol 197:3–53
133. Ulbrich K, Hekmatara T, Herbert E, Kreuter J (2009) Transferrin- and transferrin-receptor-antibody-modified nanoparticles enable drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 71(2):251–256
134. Waldmann TA (2003) Immunotherapy: past, present and future. Nat Med 9(3):269–277
135. Wang AZ, Gu F, Zhang L, Chan JM, Radovic-Moreno A, Shaikh MR et al (2008a) Biofunctionalized targeted nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 8(8):1063–1070
136. Wang X, Yang L, Chen ZG, Shin DM (2008b) Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and imaging. CA Cancer J Clin 58(2):97–110
137. Wang AZ, Bagalkot V, Vasilliou CC, Gu F, Alexis F, Zhang L et al (2008c) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for combined prostate cancer imaging and therapy. ChemMedChem 3(9):1311–1315
138. Wang X, Wang Y, Chen ZG, Shin DM (2009) Advances of cancer therapy by nanotechnology. Cancer Res Treat 41(1):1–11
139. Wang H, Wang S, Liao Z, Zhao P, Su W, Niu R et al (2012) Folate-targeting magnetic core-shell nanocarriers for selective drug release and imaging. Int J Pharm 430(1–2):342–349
140. Wang H, Zheng L, Peng C, Shen M, Shi X, Zhang G (2013) Folic acid-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes for targeted CT imaging of human lung adenocarcinoma. Biomaterials 34(2):470–480
141. Wartlick H, Michaelis K, Balthasar S, Strebhardt K, Kreuter J, Langer K (2004) Highly specific HER2-mediated cellular uptake of antibody-modified nanoparticles in tumour cells. J Drug Target 12(7):461–471
142. Wu J, Lu Y, Lee A, Pan X, Yang X, Zhao X et al (2007) Reversal of multidrug resistance by transferrin-conjugated liposomes co-encapsulating doxorubicin and verapamil. J Pharm Pharm Sci Publ Can Soc Pharm Sci (Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques) 10(3):350–357
143. Xu L, Pirollo KF, Tang WH, Rait A, Chang EH (1999) Transferrin-liposome-mediated systemic p53 gene therapy in combination with radiation results in regression of human head and neck cancer xenografts. Hum Gene Ther 10(18):2941–2952
144. Xu Z, Gu W, Huang J, Sui H, Zhou Z, Yang Y et al (2005) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of actively targetable nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery. Int J Pharm 288(2):361–368
145. Yang J, Eom K, Lim EK, Park J, Kang Y, Yoon DS et al (2008) In situ detection of live cancer cells by using bioprobes based on Au nanoparticles. Langmuir 24(21):12112–12115
146. Yang L, Mao H, Wang YA, Cao Z, Peng X, Wang X et al (2009) Single chain epidermal growth factor receptor antibody conjugated nanoparticles for in vivo tumor targeting and imaging. Small 5(2):235–243
147. Yang HM, Park CW, Woo MA, Kim MI, Jo YM, Park HG et al (2010) HER2/neu antibody conjugated poly(amino acid)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for breast cancer MR imaging. Biomacromolecules 11(11):2866–2872
148. Yu B, Tai HC, Xue W, Lee LJ, Lee RJ (2010) Receptor-targeted nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery to cancer. Mol Membr Biol 27(7):286–298
149. Yu MK, Kim D, Lee IH, So JS, Jeong YY, Jon S (2011a) Image-guided prostate cancer therapy using aptamer-functionalized thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Small 7(15):2241–2249
150. Yu C, Hu Y, Duan J, Yuan W, Wang C, Xu H et al (2011b) Novel aptamer-nanoparticle bioconjugates enhances delivery of anticancer drug to MUC1-positive cancer cells in vitro. PLoS ONE 6(9):e24077
151. Yu MK, Park J, Jon S (2012) Targeting strategies for multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer imaging and therapy. Theranostics 2(1):3–44
152. Zhang Y, Kohler N, Zhang M (2002) Surface modification of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake. Biomaterials 23(7):1553–1561
153. Zhang L, Radovic-Moreno AF, Alexis F, Gu FX, Basto PA, Bagalkot V et al (2007) Co-delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs from nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates. ChemMedChem 2(9):1268–1271
154. Zhang Y, Hong H, Cai W (2011) Tumor-targeted drug delivery with aptamers. Curr Med Chem 18(27):4185–4194
155. Zhao N, Bagaria HG, Wong MS, Zu Y (2011) A nanocomplex that is both tumor cell-selective and cancer gene-specific for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Nanobiotechnol 9:2
156. Zheng Y, Yu B, Weecharangsan W, Piao L, Darby M, Mao Y et al (2010) Transferrin-conjugated lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of aromatase inhibitor 7alpha-APTADD to breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 390(2):234–241
157. Zhou Y, Drummond DC, Zou H, Hayes ME, Adams GP, Kirpotin DB et al (2007) Impact of single-chain Fv antibody fragment affinity on nanoparticle targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing tumor cells. J Mol Biol 371(4):934–947