Biosynthesis of pullulan and its applications in food and pharmaceutical industry

Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology

Volumn 9789400722149, Issue , 2012, Pages 509-553

  Singh, R S ^a   Saini, G K ^a  

^a PUNJABI UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Aureobasidium pullulans; Biosynthesis; Fermentative production; Food and biomedical applications; Pullulan; Structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84930979293     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2214-9_24     Document Type: Chapter

References (337)

1. D.G. Ahearn, S.P. Meyers, R.A. Nichols, Appl. Microbiol. 16, 1370-1374 (1968)
2. Aika Industry Co. Ltd., Japanese Patent No. 5,716,5201, 1982a
3. Aika Industry Co. Ltd, Japanese Patent No. 5,717,0701, 1982b
4. G.D. Albertson, R.H. McHale, M.D. Gibbs, P.L. Bergquist, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1354, 35-39 (1997)
5. J.H. Andrews, R.F. Harris, R.N. Spear, W.L. Gee, E.V. Nordheim, Can. J. Microbiol. 40, 6-17 (1994)
6. C. Angioletti, Proprietà topologiche e dinamiche di polisaccaridi mediante methodologie computazionali, PhD Thesis in Biological Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy. 2003 Anonymous, Press release (2001), http://www.hayashibara.co.jp/eng/contents-hn.html
7. H. Aoki, Y. Sakano, Biochem. J. 323, 757-764 (1997)
8. A.C. Aquino, J.A. Jorge, H.F. Terenzi, T.M. Polizeli, Folia Microbiol. 46, 11-16 (2001)
9. C. Arnosti, D.J. Repeta, Starch/Stärke 47, 73-75 (1995)
10. J. Audet, M. Lounes, J. Thibault, Bioprocess Eng. 15, 209-214 (1996)
11. J. Augustin, L. Kuniak, D. Hudecova, Biologia (Bratisl.) 52, 399-404 (1997)
12. S.M. Badr-Eldin, O.M. El-Tayeb, H.G. El-Masry, F.H.A. Mohamad, O.A. Abd El-Rahman, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10, 423-426 (1994)
13. B.-C. Bae, K. Na, Biomaterials 31, 6325-6335 (2010)
14. C. Barnett, A. Smith, B. Scanlon, C.J. Israilides, Carbohydr. Polym. 38, 203-209 (1999)
15. R. Bauer, Zentralbl. Bacteriol. Parasitenkd Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 298, 133-167 (1938)
16. U. Behrens, R. Lohse, Die Nahrung 21, 199-204 (1977)
17. H.D. Belitz, W. Grosch, Food Chemistry (Springer, Berlin, 1999), p. 123
18. H. Bender, K. Wallenfels, Biochem. Z. 334, 79-95 (1961)
19. H. Bender, J. Lehmann, K. Wallenfels, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 36, 309-316 (1959)
20. A.J. Benesi, D.A. Brant, Macromolecules 18, 1109-1116 (1985)
21. B. Bernier, Can. J. Microbiol. 4, 195-204 (1958)
22. C. Bertoldo, G. Antranikian, Curr. Opinion Chem. Biol. 6, 151-160 (2002)
23. P. Biely, Z. Krátký, A. Kocková-Kratochvílová, S. Bauer, Folia Microbiol. 23, 366-371 (1978)
24. P. Biely, Z. Krátký, E. Petráková, S. Bauer, Folia Microbiol. 24, 328-333 (1979)
25. J.M. Boa, A. LeDuy, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 26-30 (1984)
26. J.M. Boa, A. LeDuy, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 30, 463-470 (1987)
27. H.O. Bouveng, H. Kiessling, B. Lindberg, J. McKay, Acta Chem. Scand. 16, 615-622 (1962)
28. H.O. Bouveng, H. Kiessling, B. Lindberg, J. McKay, Acta Chem. Scand. 17, 797-800 (1963a)
29. H.O. Bouveng, H. Kiessling, B. Lindberg, J. McKay, Acta Chem. Scand. 17, 1351-1356 (1963b)
30. B.G. Brand, H.T. Kemp, Mildew Defacement of Organic Coatings. A Review of Literature Describing the Relationship Between Aureobasidium Pullulans and Paint Films (Paint Research Institute, Philadelphia, 1973)
31. G.S. Buliga, D.A. Brant, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 9, 71-76 (1987a)
32. G.S. Buliga, D.A. Brant, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 9, 77-86 (1987b)
33. M.A. Bulmer, B.J. Catley, P.J. Kelly, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 362-365 (1987)
34. B.A. Burton, D.A. Brant, Biopolymers 22, 1769-1792 (1983)
35. B.S. Campbell, A.B. Siddique, B.M. McDougall, R.J. Seviour, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 232, 225-228 (2004)
36. G. Carolan, B.J. Catley, F.J. Mcoungal, Carbohydr. Res. 114, 237-243 (1983)
37. A.K. Carrington, H.D. Goff, D.W. Stanley, Food Res. Int. 29, 207-213 (1996)
38. B.J. Catley, FEBS Lett. 10, 190-193 (1970)
39. B.J. Catley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 22, 650-654 (1971a)
40. B.J. Catley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 22, 641-649 (1971b)
41. B.J. Catley, FEBS Lett. 20, 174-176 (1972)
42. B.J. Catley, J. Gen. Microbiol. 78, 33-38 (1973)
43. B.J. Catley, J. Gen. Microbiol. 120, 265-268 (1980)
44. B.J. Catley, A. Hutchinson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 76, 451-456 (1981)
45. B.J. Catley, P.J. Kelly, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 3, 1079-1081 (1975)
46. B.J. Catley, W. McDowell, Carbohydr. Res. 103, 65-75 (1982)
47. B.J. Catley, W.J. Whelan, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 143, 138-142 (1971)
48. B.J. Catley, A. Ramsay, C. Servis, Carbohydr. Res. 153, 79-86 (1986)
49. M. Cernáková, A. Kocková-Kratochvílová, L. Suty, J. Zemek, L. Kuniak, Folia Microbiol. 25, 68-73 (1980)
50. K.-C. Cheng, A. Demirci, J.M. Catchmark, V.M. Puri, J. Food Eng. 98, 353-359 (2010)
51. K.-C. Cheng, A. Demirci, J.M. Catchmark, V.M. Puri, J. Food Eng. 103, 115-122 (2011)
52. Z. Chi, S. Zhao, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 33, 206-211 (2003)
53. Z. Chi, F. Wang, Z. Chi, L. Yue, G. Liu, T. Zhang, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 82, 793-804 (2009)
54. R.F. Childers, P.L. Oren, W.M.K Seidler, US Patent No. 5,015,480. 1991
55. A.R. Choudhury, P. Saluja, G.S. Prasad, Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 1547-1552 (2011)
56. K.R. Conca, T.C.S. Yang, in Biodegradable Polymers and Packaging, ed. by C. Ching, D.L. Kaplan, E.L. Thomas (Technomic, Lancaster, 1993), pp. 357-369
57. W.B. Cooke, Mycopathologia 12, 1-45 (1959)
58. W.B. Cooke, Mycopathologia 17, 1-43 (1962)
59. M.M. Corsaro, C. De Castro, A. Evidente, R. Lanzetta, A. Molinaro, M. Parrilli, L. Sparapano, Carbohydr. Polym. 37, 167-172 (1998)
60. P. Dais, in V th International Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules, ed. by T. Theophanides, J. Anastassaopoulou, N. Fotopoulos (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995), pp. 217-221
61. P. Dais, S. Vlachou, F.R. Taravel, Biomacromolecules 2, 1137-1147 (2001)
62. G.S. de Hoog, in The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, ed. by C.P. Kurtzman, J.W. Fell (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998), pp. 123-125
63. G.S. de Hoog, N.A. Yurlova, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 65, 41-54 (1994)
64. F. Delben, A. Forabosco, M. Guerrini, G. Liut, G. Torri, Carbohydr. Polym. 63, 545-554 (2006)
65. C. Dennis, R.W.M. Buhagiar, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 60, 567-575 (1973)
66. M.S. Deshpande, V.B. Rale, J.M. Lynch, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 14, 514-527 (1992)
67. M. Doma?-Pytka, J. Bardowski, Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 30, 107-121 (2004)
68. J.B. Dominguez, F.M. Goni, F. Uruburu, J. Gen. Microbiol. 108, 111-117 (1978)
69. G. Dong, C. Vieille, J.G. Zeikus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 3577-3584 (1997)
70. M.A. Dubick, C.E. Wade, J. Trauma 36, 323-330 (1994)
71. N.P. Elinov, Usp. Mikrobiol. 17, 158-177 (1982)
72. N.P. Elinov, A.K. Matveeva, Biokhimiya 31, 255-257 (1972)
73. N.P. Elinov, E.V. Neshataeva, A.N. Dranishnikov, A.K. Matveeva, Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. (Appl. Biochem. Microbiol.) 10, 557-562 (1974)
74. N.P. Elinov, V.A. Marikhin, A.N. Dranishnikov, L.P. Myasnilova, Y.B. Maryukhta, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 221, 213-216 (1975)
75. F. Federici, Mycologia 74, 738-743 (1982)
76. M.A.J. Finkelman, A. Vardanis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 121-127 (1982)
77. M.J. Finkelman, J.E. Zajic, in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, ed. by L.A. Underkofler (Society for Industrial Microbiology, Arlington, 1978), pp. 459-464
78. M.L. Fishman, W.C. Damert, J.G. Phillips, R.A. Barford, Carbohydr. Res. 160, 215-225 (1987)
79. B. Flannigan, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55, 277-281 (1970)
80. A. Forabosco, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, G. Liut, D. Marino, F. Delben, Carbohydr. Polym. 63, 535-544 (2006)
81. C.G. Fraser, H.J. Jennings, Can. J. Chem. 49, 1804-1807 (1971)
82. N. Fujii, S. Shinohara, H. Ueno, K. Imada, Kenkyu Hokuku-Miyazaki Daigaku Nogakubu 31, 253-262 (1984)
83. G.M. Gadd, L.A. Cooper, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 23, 47-49 (1984)
84. D. Ganghofner, J. Kellermann, W.L. Staudenbauer, K. Bronnenmeier, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 302-308 (1998)
85. H. Gantelet, F. Duchiron, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49, 770-777 (1998)
86. R. Gaur, R. Singh, M. Gupta, M.K. Gaur, African J. Biotechnol. 9, 7889-7997 (2010)
87. L. Ghimici, M. Constantin, G. Fundueanu, J. Hazard. Mat. 181, 351-358 (2010)
88. P.A. Gibbs, R.J. Seviour, Biotechnol. Lett. 14, 491-494 (1992)
89. P.A. Gibbs, R.J. Seviour, in Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, ed. by S. Dimitiu (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996), pp. 59-86
90. H.D. Goff, Pure Appl. Chem. 67, 1801-1808 (1995)
91. H.D. Goff, M.E. Sahagian, in Freezing Effects on Food Quality, ed. by L.E. Jeremiah (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996), pp. 299-335
92. Y. Göksungur, S. Da?ba?li, A. Uçan, U. Güvenç, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80, 819-827 (2005)
93. Y. Göksungur, P. Uzuno?ullar?, S. Da?ba?l?, Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 1330-1337 (2011)
94. W.E. Goldstein, in Enzymes in Industry, ed. by W. Gerhartz (VCH Publishers, New York, 1990), pp. 97-100
95. C.R. Goncalves, S.R. Pombeiro-Sponchiado, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 1129-1131 (2005)
96. M. Gupta, A.K. Gupta, J. Control. Release 99, 157-166 (2004)
97. H. Guterman, Y. Shabtai, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 51, 501-510 (1996)
98. H. Haljamäe, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 37, 25-28 (1993)
99. S. Hayashi, T. Hinotani, Y. Takasaki, K. Imada, Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 247-248 (1994)
100. P.J. Heald, B. Kristiansen, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 27, 1516-1519 (1985)
101. C. Heller, Electrophoresis 19, 1691-1698 (1998)
102. E.J. Hermanides-Nijhof, Studies Mycol. 15, 141-177 (1977)
103. Y. Hiji, US Patent No. 4,629,725, 1986
104. H. Hijiya, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,784,390, 1974
105. H. Hijiya, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,873,333, 1975a
106. H. Hijiya, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,872,228, 1975b
107. H. Hijiya, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,871,892, 1975c
108. H. Hijiya, T. Miyake, US Patent No. 4,927,636. 1990
109. T. Himi, Y. Kurochi, T. Fukada, Y. Mizutani, T. Ito, M. Kuriaki, Nippon Kontakuto Renzu Gakkai Kaishi 24, 266-270 (1981)
110. H. Hirohara, S.Nabeshima, M. Fujimoto, T. Nagase, US Patent No. 4,247,642, 1981
111. H. Hosseinkhani, T. Aoyama, O. Ogawa, Y. Tabata, J. Control. Release 83, 287-302 (2002)
112. Y.-C. Hung, G.S. Huang, V.M. Sava, V.A. Blagodarsky, M.-Y. Hong, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29, 2284-2291 (2006)
113. T. Igarashi, K. Nomura, K. Naito, M. Yoshida, US Patent No. 4,370,472, 1983
114. A.A. Imshenetskii, T.F. Kondrat'eva, A.N. Smut'ko, Mikrobiologiia 50, 471-475 (1981a)
115. A.A. Imshenetskii, T.F. Kondrat'eva, A.N. Smut'ko, Mikrobiologiia 50, 102-105 (1981b)
116. A.A. Imshenetskii, T.F. Kondrat'eva, L.I. Kudriashev, S.M. Iarovaia, A.N. Smut'ko, Mikrobiologiia 52, 816-820 (1983)
117. A.A. Imshenetskii, T.F. Kondrat'eva, E.A. Dvadtsatova, N.N. Vorontsova, Mikrobiologiia 54, 927-929 (1985)
118. C.J. Israilides, A. Smith, J.E. Harthill, C. Barnett, G. Bambalov, B. Scanlon, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49, 613-617 (1998)
119. Y. Izutsu, K. Sogo, S. Okamoto, T. Tanaka, US Patent No. 4,650,666, 1987
120. S. Janecek, B. Svensson, B. Henrissat, J. Mol. Evol. 45, 322-331 (1997)
121. Japan Carlit Co. Ltd., Japanese Patent No. 58,115,196, 1983
122. H.J. Jennings, I.C.P. Smith, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 606-608 (1973)
123. L. Jiang, Carbohydr. Polym. 79, 414-417 (2010)
124. D.K. Kachhawa, P. Bhattacharjee, R.S. Singhal, Carbohydr. Polym. 52, 25-28 (2003)
125. J.H. Kang, Y. Tachibana, W. Kamata, A. Mahara, M. Harada-Shiba, T. Yamaoka, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18, 3946-3950 (2010)
126. J.-X. Kang, X.-J. Chen, W.R. Chen, M.-S. Li, Y. Fang, D.-S. Li, Y.-Z. Ren, D.-Q. Liu, Process Biochem 46 (3), 792-795 (2011)
127. D.L. Kaplan, B.J. Wiley, S. Arcidiacono, J. Mayer, S. Sousa, in First Material Biotechnology Symposium, ed. by D.L. Kaplan, Technical report NATICK/TR-88/033. (US Army, Natick, 1987), pp. 149-173
128. S. Kashiwabara, S. Ogawa, N. Miyoshi, M. Oda, Y. Suzuki, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63, 1736-1748 (1999)
129. K. Kato, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,875,308, 1975a
130. K. Kato, M. Shiosaka, US Patent No. 3,912,591, 1975b
131. K. Kato, T. Nomura, US Patent No. 395,9009, 1976
132. K. Kato, T. Nomura, US Patent No. 400,4977, 1977
133. T. Kato, T. Okamoto, T. Tokuya, A. Takahashi, Biopolymers 21, 1623-1633 (1982)
134. T. Kato, T. Katsuki, A. Takahashi, Macromolecules 17, 1726-1730 (1984)
135. K. Kawahara, K. Ohta, H. Miyamoto, S. Nakamura, Carbohydr. Polym. 4, 335-356 (1984)
136. G. Keilich, H. Bittiger, Biopolymers 11, 1997-2013 (1972)
137. Y. Kikuchi, R. Taguchi, Y. Sakanbo, T. Kobayashi, Agric. Biol. Chem. 37, 1751-1753 (1973)
138. T. Kimoto, T. Shibuya, S. Shiobara, Food Chem. Toxicol. 35, 323-329 (1997)
139. J. Klimek, D.F. Ollis, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 22, 2321-2342 (1980)
140. A. Kocková-Kratochvílová, M. Cernáková, E. Sláviková, Folia Microbiol. 25, 56-67 (1980)
141. T.F. Kondrat'eva, N.A. Lobacheva, Mikrobiologiia 59, 1004-1009 (1990)
142. L. Kremnicky, P. Biely, Arch. Microbiol. 167, 350-355 (1997)
143. L. Kremnicky, E. Slavikova, D. Mislovicova, P. Biely, Folia Microbiol. 41, 43-47 (1996)
144. B. Kristiansen, R.C. Charley, B. Seviour, L. Harvey, S. Habeeb, J.E. Smith, in Overproduction of Microbial Products, ed. by V. Kumphanzi, B. Sikyta, Z. Vanek (Academic, London, 1983), pp. 195-210
145. J.M. Krochta, C. De Mulder-Johnston, Food Technol. 51, 61-74 (1997)
146. J.I. Kroschwitz, Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (Wiley, New York, 1998)
147. W.-M. Kulicke, T. Heinze, Macromol. Symp. 231, 47-59 (2006)
148. T. Kuriki, T. Imanaka, J. Biosci. Bioengg. 87, 557-565 (1999)
149. S. Kusano, S.-I. Takahashi, D. Fujimoto, Y. Sakano, Carbohydr. Res. 199, 83-89 (1990)
150. C. Lacroix, A. LeDuy, G. Noel, L. Choplin, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 27, 202-207 (1985)
151. A. Lazaridou, T. Roukas, C.G. Biliaderis, H. Vaikousi, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 31, 122-132 (2002)
152. G. Leal-Serrano, P. Ruperez, J.A. Leal, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75, 57-62 (1980)
153. T.D. Leathers, J. Ind. Microbiol. 4, 341-348 (1989)
154. T.D. Leathers, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 110, 217-222 (1993)
155. T.D. Leathers, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 62, 468-473 (2003)
156. T.D. Leathers, S.C. Gupta, Biotechnol. Lett. 16, 1163-1166 (1994)
157. T.D. Leathers, C.P. Kurtzman, R.W. Detroy, Biotechnol. Bioengg. Symp. 14, 225-240 (1984)
158. T. Leathers, in First Materials Biotechnology Symposium, ed. by D.L. Kaplan, Technical report NATICK/TR-88/033. (US Army, Natick, 1987), pp. 175-185
159. T.D. Leathers, G.W. Nofsinger, C.P. Kurtzman, R.J. Bothast, J. Ind. Microbiol. 3, 231-239 (1988)
160. A. LeDuy, J.M. Boa, Can. J. Microbiol. 29, 143-146 (1983)
161. A. LeDuy, A.A. Marsan, B. Coupal, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 16, 61-76 (1974)
162. A. LeDuy, J.-J. Varmoff, A. Chagraoui, Biotechnol. Lett. 5, 49-54 (1983)
163. M.J. Lee, G. Forstner, Biochem. Cell Biol. 68, 1103-1111 (1990)
164. K.Y. Lee, Y.J. Yoo, Biotechnol. Lett. 15, 1021-1024 (1993)
165. M.J. Lee, Y.C. Lee, C.H. Kim, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 337, 308-316 (1997)
166. S.-H. Leung, R.S. Leone, L.D. Kumar, N. Kulkarni, A.F. Sorg, US Patent No. 7,025,983, 2006
167. C. Li, J. Bai, Z. Cai, F. Ouyang, J. Biotechnol. 93, 27-34 (2002)
168. Y. Lin, Z. Zhang, J. Thibault, Process Biochem. 42, 820-827 (2007)
169. V.R. Linardi, K.M.G. Machado, Can. J. Microbiol. 36, 751-753 (1990)
170. R. Luedeking, E.L. Piret, J. Biochem. Microb. Technol. Engg. 1, 393-412 (1959)
171. J.H.T. Luong, A. Mulchandani, A. LeDuy, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 10, 326-332 (1988)
172. N.S. Madi, B. McNeil, L.M. Harvey, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 66, 343-350 (1996)
173. N.S. Madi, L.M. Harvey, A. Mehlert, B. McNeil, Carbohydr. Polym. 32, 307-314 (1997)
174. S.P. Mathupala, S.E. Lowe, S.M. Podkovyrov, J.G. Zeikus, J. Biol. Chem. 268, 16332-16344 (1993)
175. H. Matsunaga, K. Tsuji, T. Saito, US Patent No.3,976,605, 1976
176. H. Matsunaga, S. Fujimura, H. Namioka, K. Tsuji, M. Watanabe, US Patent No. 4,045,204, 1977a
177. H. Matsunaga, K. Tsuji, T. Saito, US Patent No. 4,045,388, 1977b
178. H. Matsunaga, K. Tsuji, M. Watanabe, US Patent No. 4,067,141, 1978
179. J. Matzke, A. Herrmann, E. Schneider, E.P. Bakker, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 183, 55-61 (2000)
180. D.D. McIntyre, H.J. Vogel, Starch/Stärke 45, 406-410 (1993)
181. B. McNeil, L.M. Harvey, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 13, 275-304 (1993)
182. B. McNeil, B. Kristiansen, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 12, 521-526 (1990)
183. B. McNeil, B. Kristiansen, R.J. Seviour, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 33, 1210-1212 (1989)
184. R. Mehvar, T.L. Shepard, J. Pharm. Sci. 81, 908-912 (1992)
185. M. Mitsuhashi, S. Koyama, US Patent No. 4,659,569, 1987
186. M. Mitsuhashi, M. Yoneyama, S. Sakai, Canadian Patent No. 2,007,270, 1990
187. T. Miyaka, Canadian Patent No. 104,945, 1979
188. Y. Miyamoto, H. Goto, H. Sato, H. Okano, M. Iijima, US Patent No. 4,610,891, 1986
189. E.R. Morris, in Fronteirs in Carbohydrate Research-I: Food Applications, ed. by R.P. Millane, J.N. BeMiller, R. Chandrasekaran (Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1989), pp. 132-163
190. M. Moscovici, C. Ionescu, C. Oniscu, O. Fotea, P. Protopopescu, L.D. Hanganu, C. Vitan, Biotechnol. Lett. 18, 787-790 (1996)
191. Y. Motozato, H. Ihara, T. Tomoda, C. Hirayama, J. Chromatogr. 355, 434-437 (1986)
192. A. Mulchandani, J.H.T. Luong, A. Leduy, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 32, 639-646 (1988)
193. A. Mulchandani, J.H.T. Luong, A. LeDuy, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 33, 306-312 (1989)
194. K. Murofushi, S. Nagura, J. Moriya, US Patent No. 5,709,801, 1998
195. K. Na, E.S. Lee, Y.H. Bae, J. Control. Release 87, 3-13 (2003)
196. T. Nagase, K. Tsuji, M. Fujimoto, F. Masuko, US Patent No. 4,152,170, 1979
197. Y. Nakanishi, T. Norisuye, A. Teramoto, S. Kitamura, Macromolecules 26, 4220-4225 (1993)
198. S. Nakashio, N. Sekine, N. Toyota, F. Fujita, US Patent No. 3,888,809, 1975a
199. S. Nakashio, K. Tsuji, N. Toyota, F. Fujita, T. Nomura, German Patent No. 2,512,110, 1975b
200. S. Nakashio, N. Sekine, N. Toyota, F. Fujita, M. Domoto, US Patent No. 3,932,192, 1976a
201. S. Nakashio, K. Tsuji, N. Toyota, F. Fujita, US Patent No. 3,972,997, 1976b
202. L. Navarini, J. Bella, A. Flaibani, R. Gilli, V. Rizza, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 19, 157-163 (1996)
203. Q.D. Nguyen, J.M. Rezessy-Szabó, Á. Hoschke, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 38, 229-234 (2000)
204. F. Niehaus, C. Bertoldo, M. Kahler, G. Antranikian, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51, 711-729 (1999)
205. F. Niehaus, A. Peters, T. Groudieva, G. Antranikian, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 190, 223-229 (2000)
206. K. Nishinari, K. Kohyama, P.A. Williams, G.O. Phillips, W. Burchard, K. Ogino, Macromolecules 24, 5590-5593 (1991)
207. T. Nomura, US Patent No. 3,936,347, 1976
208. E. Nordmeier, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 5770-5785 (1993)
209. K. Okada, M. Yoneyama, T. Mandai, H. Aga, S. Sakai, T. Ichikawa, Nippon Eiyo Shokoryo Gakkaishi (J. Japan Soc. Nutr. Food Sci.) 43, 23-29 (1990)
210. R. Okada, S. Matsukawa, T. Watanabe, J. Mol. Struct. 602-603, 473-483 (2002)
211. T. Oku, K. Yamada, N. Hosoya, Nutr. Food Sci. 32, 235-241 (1979)
212. E.M. Oliva, A.F. Cirelli, R.M. de Lederkremer, Carbohydr. Res. 158, 262-267 (1986)
213. Y. Onda, H. Muto, H. Suzuki, US Patent No. 4,322,524, 1982
214. K. Ono, Y. Kawahara, S. Ueda, Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 2313-2317 (1977)
215. D. Park, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 78, 385-388 (1982)
216. G.M. Pavlov, E.V. Korneeva, Biofizika 40, 1227-1233 (1995)
217. D.G. Pechak, R.E. Crang, Mycologia 69, 783-792 (1977)
218. P.T. Petrov, K.I. Shingel, A.D. Scripko, V.M. Tsarenkov, Carbohydr. Res. 339, 447-460 (2002)
219. T.J. Pollock, L. Thorne, R.W. Armentrout, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 877-883 (1992)
220. O. Possot, L. Lettelier, A.P. Pugsley, Mol. Microbiol. 24, 457-464 (1997)
221. K. Promma, E. Miki, M. Matsuda, K. Okutani, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59, 529-534 (1993)
222. S. Ramos, I. García-Acha, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64, 129-135 (1975)
223. B. Reed-Hamer, T.P. West, Microbios 80, 83-90 (1994)
224. M. Reeslev, B. Jensen, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42, 910-915 (1995)
225. M. Reeslev, J.C. Nielsen, J. Olsen, B. Jensen, T. Jacobsen, Mycol. Res. 95, 220-226 (1991)
226. M. Reeslev, B.B. Jørgensen, O.B. Jørgensen, J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 3065-3070 (1993)
227. M. Reeslev, T. Størm, B. Jensen, J. Olsen, Mycol. Res. 101, 650-652 (1997)
228. R.A. Reis, C.A. Tischer, P.A.J. Gorrin, M. Iacomini, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 210, 1-5 (2002)
229. M.R. Rekha, C.P. Sharma, Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs 20, 116-121 (2007)
230. M.R. Rekha, C.P. Sharma, Acta Biomat. 7, 370-379 (2011)
231. A. Renz, S. Schikora, R. Schmid, J. Kossmann, E. Beck, Biochem. J. 331, 937-945 (1998)
232. D. Rho, A. Mulchandani, J.H.T. Luong, A. LeDuy, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 28, 361-366 (1988)
233. M. Ronen, H. Guterman, Y. Shabtai, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 51, 243-249 (2002)
234. T. Roukas, Process Biochem. 33, 805-810 (1998)
235. T. Roukas, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15, 447-450 (1999)
236. T. Roukas, C.G. Biliaderis, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 55, 27-44 (1995)
237. T. Roukas, M. Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, J. Food Engg. 40, 89-94 (1999)
238. T. Roukas, F. Mantzouridou, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 76, 371-376 (2001)
239. J. Ruiz-Herrera, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 60, 73-81 (1991)
240. B.C. Saha, R.J. Bothast, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 216-220 (1998)
241. B.C. Saha, J.G. Zeikus, Trends Biotechnol. 7, 234-239 (1989)
242. B.C. Saha, G.-J. Shen, C.K. Srivastava, L.W. LeCureux, J.G. Zeikus, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11, 760-764 (1989)
243. B.C. Saha, R.W. Silman, R.J. Bothast, Curr. Microbiol. 26, 267-273 (1993)
244. T. Sano, Y. Uemura, A. Furuta, US Patent No. 3,960,685, 1976
245. M. Sasago, M. Endo, K. Takeyama, N. Nomura, US Patent No. 4,745,042, 1988
246. K. Satoh, F. Chen, A. Aoyama, H. Date, K. Akiyoshi, Eur. J. Cancer Suppl. 6, 139 (2008)
247. R. Schuster, E. Wenzig, A. Mersmann, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39, 155-158 (1993)
248. R. Scott, D. Cade, X. He, US Patent No. 6,887,307, 2005
249. H. Seibutsu, M. Kenkyujo, UK Patent GB 2,109,391, 1983
250. H.-P. Seo, C.-W. Son, C.-H. Chung, D.-I. Jung, S.-K. Kim, R.A. Gross, D.L. Kaplan, J.-W. Lee, Biores. Technol. 95, 293-299 (2004)
251. H.-P. Seo, K.-I. Jo, C.-W. Son, J.-K. Yang, C.-H. Chung, S.-W. Nam, S.-K. Kim, J.-W. Lee, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16, 374-380 (2006)
252. R.J. Seviour, B. Kristiansen, L. Harvey, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 82, 350-356 (1984)
253. Y. Shabtai, M. Ronen, I. Mukmenev, H. Guterman, Comp. Chem. Engg. 20, 321-326 (1996)
254. F.F. Shih, Cereal Chem. 73, 406-409 (1996)
255. T. Shimizu, M. Moriwaki, W. Shimoma, Japanese Patent No. 58,098,909, 1983
256. Y.C. Shin, Y.H. Kim, H.S. Lee, S.J. Cho, S.M. Byun, Biotechnol. Lett. 9, 621-624 (1987)
257. Y.C. Shin, Y.H. Kim, H.S. Lee, S.J. Cho, S.M. Byun, Biotechnol. Bioengg. 33, 129-133 (1989)
258. K.I. Shingel, Carbohydr. Res. 337, 1445-1451 (2002)
259. K.I. Shingel, Carbohydr. Res. 339, 447-460 (2004)
260. D.J. Siehr, J. Coat. Technol. 53, 23-25 (1981)
261. R.W. Silman, W.L. Bryan, T.D. Leathers, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 71, 65-70 (1990)
262. L. Simon, C. Caye-Vaugien, M. Bouchonneau, J. Gen. Microbiol. 9, 979-985 (1993)
263. L. Simon, B. Bouchet, C. Caye-Vaugien, D.J. Gallant, Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 35-45 (1995)
264. L. Simon, B. Bouchet, K. Bremond, D.J. Gallant, M. Bouchonneau, Can. J. Microbiol. 44, 1193-1199 (1998)
265. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, Biores. Technol. 99, 3896-3899 (2008a)
266. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J. Biotechnol. 136S, S506-S518 (2008b)
267. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 73, 515-531 (2008)
268. R.S. Singh, H. Singh, G.K. Saini, Appl.. Biotechnol. 152, 42-53 (2009a)
269. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 78, 89-94 (2009b)
270. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 80, 402-408 (2010a)
271. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 80, 252-259 (2010b)
272. R.S. Singh, G.K. Saini, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 672-675 (2011)
273. W. Sowa, A.C. Blackwood, G.A. Adams, Can. J. Chem. 41, 2314-2319 (1963)
274. A. Steinbüchel, Macromol. Biosci. 1, 1-24 (2001)
275. Y. Sugawa-Katayama, F. Kondou, T. Mandai, M. Yoneyama, Oyo Toshitsu Kagaku 41, 413-418 (1994)
276. K. Sugimoto, J. Ferment. Assoc. Japan 36, 98-108 (1978)
277. J. Sunamoto, T. Sato, M. Hirota, K. Fukushima, K. Hiratani, K. Hara, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 898, 323-330 (1987)
278. Y. Tabata, Y. Matsui, K. Uno, Y. Sokawa, Y. Ikada, J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19, 287-292 (1999)
279. R. Taguchi, Y. Kikuchi, Y. Sakano, T. Kobayashi, Agric. Biol. Chem. 37, 1583-1588 (1973a)
280. R. Taguchi, Y. Kikuchi, Y. Sakano, T. Kobayashi, Agric. Biol. Chem. 37, 1635-1641 (1973b)
281. M. Takada, T. Yuzuriha, K. Katayama, K. Iwamoto, J. Sunamoto, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 802, 237-244 (1984)
282. K. Takeo, H. Mine, K. Nishimura, M. Miyaji, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 111, 153-158 (1993)
283. N. Takizawa, Y. Murooka, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49, 294-298 (1985)
284. J. Thibault, A. LeDuy, in Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology, Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation, ed. by M.C. Flickeringer, S.W. Drew (Wiley, New York, 1999), pp. 2232-2247
285. L.P. Thorne, T.J. Pollock, R.W. Armentrout, US Patent No. 5,268,460, 1993
286. L.P. Thorne, T.J. Pollock, R.W. Armentrout, US Patent No. 6,010,899, 2000
287. K. Tsuji, N. Toyota, F. Fujita, US Patent No. 3,993,840, 1976
288. Y. Tsujisaka, M. Mitsuhashi, in Industrial Gums, Polysaccharides and their Derivatives, ed. by R.L. Whistler, J.N. BeMiller (Academic, San Diego, 1993), pp. 447-460
289. N. Tsukada, K. Hagihara, K. Tsuji, M. Fujimoto, T. Nagase, US Patent No. 4,095,525, 1978
290. V.N. Tsvetkov, Rigid-Chain Polymers (Plenum, New York, 1986)
291. S. Ueda, H. Kono, Appl. Microbiol. 13, 882-885 (1965)
292. S. Ueda, K. Fujita, K. Komatsu, Z.-I. Nakashima, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 211-215 (1963)
293. Z. Ürküt, S. Daçbaçli, Y. Göksungur, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 82, 837-846 (2007)
294. J.T. Vermeersch, P.J. Coppens, G.I. Hauquier, E.H. Schacht, US Patent No. 5,402,725, 1995
295. S.V.N. Vijayendra, D. Bansal, M.S. Prasad, K. Nand, Process Biochem. 37, 359-364 (2001)
296. N. Waksman, R.M. de Lederkremer, A.S. Cerezo, Carbohdr. Res. 59, 505-515 (1977)
297. K. Wallenfels, H. Bender, G. Keilich, G. Bechtler, Angew. Chem. 73, 245-246 (1961)
298. K. Wallenfels, G. Keilich, G. Bechtler, D. Freudenberger, Biochem. Z. 341, 433-450 (1965)
299. K. Wallenfels, H. Bender, J.R. Rached, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 22, 254-261 (1966)
300. T. Wartmann, I. Kunze, M.D. Bui, R. Manteuffel, G. Kunze, Microbiol. Res. 150, 113-120 (1995)
301. E.C. Webb, Enzyme Nomenclature 1992: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Academic, Orlando, 1992)
302. J.S. Webb, M. Nixon, I.M. Eastwood, M. Greenhalgh, G.D. Robson, P.S. Handley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 3194-3200 (2000)
303. T.P. West, J. Basic Microbiol. 40, 397-401 (2000)
304. T.P. West, B. Reed-Hamer, Microbios 67, 117-124 (1991)
305. T.P. West, B. Reed-Hamer, Microbios 71, 115-123 (1992)
306. T.P. West, B. Reed-Hamer, Microbios 75, 261-268 (1993)
307. T.P. West, B. Strohfus, Microbios 88, 177-187 (1996)
308. T.P. West, B. Strohfus, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13, 233-235 (1997a)
309. T.P. West, B. Strohfus, Microbios 91, 121-130 (1997b)
310. T.P. West, B. Strohfus, Microbiol. Res. 153, 253-256 (1998)
311. L.J. Wickerham, C.P. Kurtzman, Mycologia 67, 342-361 (1975)
312. B.J. Wiley, D.H. Ball, S.M. Arcidiacono, S. Sousa, J.M. Mayer, D.L. Kaplan, J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 1, 3-9 (1993)
313. M.C. Witmer, C. Martínez del Rio, Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74, 584-593 (2001)
314. B.W. Wolf, US Patent No. 6,916,796, 2005
315. C. Wu, C. Colleoni, A.M. Myers, M.G. James, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 406, 21-32 (2002)
316. S. Wu, Z. Jin, J.M. Kim, Q. Tong, H. Chen, Carbohydr. Polym. 77, 750-753 (2009)
317. E.S. Wynne, C.L. Gott, J. Gen. Microbiol. 14, 512-519 (1956)
318. R. Yamaguchi, H. Iwai, Y. Otsuka, S. Yamamoto, K. Ueda, M. Usui, Y. Taniguchi, T. Matuhasi, Microbiol. Immunol. 29, 163-168 (1985)
319. S. Yamaguchi, J. Sunamoto, US Patent No. 4,997,819, 1991
320. T. Yamaoka, Y. Tabata, Y. Ikada, Drug Deliv. 1, 75-82 (1993)
321. H. Yamasaki, M.S. Lee, T. Tanaka, K. Nakanishi, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39, 26-30 (1993a)
322. H. Yamasaki, M.S. Lee, T. Tanaka, K. Nakanishi, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39, 21-25 (1993b)
323. M. Yamashita, D. Matsumoto, Y. Murooka, J. Ferment. Bioengg. 84, 283-290 (1997)
324. M.J. Yebra, J. Arroyo, P. Sanz, J.A. Preito, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 68, 113-120 (1997)
325. M. Yoneyama, K. Okada, T. Mandai, H. Aga, S. Sakai, T. Ichikawa, Denpun Kagaku 37, 123-127 (1990)
326. F. Youssef, C.G. Biliaderis, T. Roukas, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 74, 13-30 (1998)
327. F. Youssef, T. Roukas, C.G. Biliaderis, Process Biochem. 34, 355-366 (1999)
328. S. Yuen, Process Biochem. 9, 7-9 (1974)
329. H. Yuji, I. Kazuaki, O. Katsuya, A. Katsutoshi, H. Jun, K. Tohru, K. Shuji, W. Tomoyoshi, I. Susumu, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24075-24083 (1996)
330. J.W. Yun, M.G. Lee, S.K. Song, Biotechnol. Lett. 16, 359-362 (1994)
331. N.A. Yurlova, G.S. de Hoog, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 72, 141-147 (1997)
332. N.A. Yurlova, Z.B. Gun, I.A. Sintiskaja, M.A. Kashkina, I.F. Khmara, Mikol. Fitopatol. 27, 41-47 (1993)
333. J.E. Zajic, A. LeDuy, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 25, 628-635 (1973)
334. J.E. Zajic, US Patent No. 3,320,136, 1967
335. J.E. Zajic, K.K. Ho, N. Kosaric, in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, ed. by L.A. Underkofler (Society for Industrial Microbiology, Arlington, 1979), pp. 631-639
336. H.Z. Zhang, F.-P. Gao, L.-R. Liu, X.-M. Li, Z.-M. Zhou, X.-D. Yang, Q.-Q. Zhang, Colloids Surf. B 71, 19-26 (2009)
337. R.G. Zhbankov, V.M. Andrianov, H. Ratajczak, M. Marchewka, in III rd National Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy 'Molecular Interactions and Recognition ,' (Wroclaw, Poland, 1995), p. 29