Inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment in acute cerebrovascular diseases

Current Immunology Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 24-32

  Tuttolomondo, Antonino ^a   Maida, Carlo ^a   Pinto, Antonio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cell immunity; Cerebrovascular disease; Inflammation; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CD28 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY CELL; MACROPHAGE; MICROGLIA; NEUTROPHIL; NULL CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 84929316923     PISSN: 15733955     EISSN: 1875631X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157339551101150417101550     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Arnao V, Pinto A, Licata G. Atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(28): 4266-4288.
2. McColl BW, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM. Systemic inflamma-tory stimulus potentiates the acute phase and CXC chemokine responses to experimental stroke and exacerbates brain damage via inter- leukin-1- and neutrophil-dependent mechanisms. J Neurosci 2007; 27: 4403-4412.
3. Elkind MS, Cheng J, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL. Leukocyte count predicts outcome after ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 13: 220-227.
4. Baird TA, Parsons MW, Barber PA, et al. The influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia on stroke incidence and outcome. J Clin Neurosci 2002; 9: 618-626.
5. Lo EH. Experimental models, neurovascular mechanisms and translational issues in stroke research. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153: S1, S396-S405.
6. Yilmaz G, Granger DN. Cell adhesion molecules and ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2008; 30: 783-793.
7. Mhairi Macrae I. New models of focal cerebral ischemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 302-308.
8. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, di Sciacca R, Pinto A, Licata G. Inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic stroke. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14(33): 3574-89.
9. Amantea D, Nappi G, Bernardi G et al. Post-ischemic brain damage: pathophysiology and role of inflam- matory mediators. FEBS J 2009; 276: 13-26.
10. Kriz J. Inflammation in ischemic brain injury: timing is impor- tant. Crit Rev Neurobiol 2006; 18: 145-157.
11. Schilling M, Besselmann M, Leonhard C, Mueller M, Ringelstein EB, Kiefer RO. Microglial activation precedes and predominates over macrophage infiltration in transient focal cerebral ischemia: a study in green fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow chimeric mice. Exp Neurol 2003; 183: 25-33.
12. Tuttolomondo A, Di Sciacca R, Di Raimondo D, Renda C, Pinto A, Licata G. Inflammation as a therapeutic target in acute ischemic stroke treatment. Curr Top Med Chem 2009; 9(14): 1240-60.
13. Lindsberg PJ, Carpen O, Paetau A, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Kaste M. Endothelial ICAM-1 expression associated with inflammatory cell response in human ischemic stroke. Circulation 1996; 94: 939-945.
14. Gerhard A, Neumaier B, Elitok E, et al. In vivo imaging of activated microglia using [11C]PK11195 and positron emission tomography in pa- tients after ischemic stroke. Neuroreport 2000; 11: 2957-2960.
15. Price CJ, Menon DK, Peters AM, et al. Cerebral neutrophil recruitment, histology, and outcome in acute isch- emic stroke: an imaging-based study. Stroke 2004; 5: 1659-1664.
16. Buck BH, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL, et al. Early neutrophilia is associated with volume of ischemic tissue in acute stroke. Stroke 2008; 39: 355-360.
17. Arai K, Lee F, Miyajima A, Miyatake S, Arai N, Yokota T. Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Ann Rev Biochem 1990; 59: 783-836.
18. Barone FC, Alvin B, White RF, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a. A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke 1997; 28: 1233- 1244.
19. Yilmaz G, Arumugam TV, Stokes KY, et al. Role of T lymphocytes and interferon-g in ischemic stroke. Circulation 2006; 113: 2105-2112.
20. Lambertsen KL, Gregersen R, Meldgaard M, et al. A role for interferon-g in focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004; 63: 942-955.
21. Liu T, Clark RK, McDonnell PC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression in ischemic neurons. Stroke1994; 5: 1481-1488.
22. Wang X, Yue TL, Barone FC, et al. Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-α and IL-1 α mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1994; 23: 103-114.
23. Murakami Y, Saito K, Hara A, et al. Increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha following transient global cerebral ischemia do not contribute to neuron death in mouse hippocampus. J Neurochem 2005; 93: 1616-1622.
24. Offner H, Subramanian S, Parker SM, et al. Experimental stroke induces massive, rapid activation of the peripheral immune system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26: 654-665.
25. Barger SW, Horster D, Furukawa K, et al. Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta protect neurons against amyloid beta-peptide toxicity: evidence for involvement of a kappa B-binding factor and attenuation of peroxide and Ca2+ accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 92: 9328- 9332.
26. Tuttolomondo A, Pecoraro R, Pinto A. Studies of selective TNF inhibitors in the treatment of brain injury from stroke and trauma: a review of the evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2014; 8: 2221-2239.
27. Zeng L, Liu J, Wang Y, et al. Cocktail blood biomarkers: prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol 2013; 69(2), 68-75.
28. Giulian D, Vaca K, Corpuz M. Brain glia release factors with opposing actions upon neuronal survival. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 29- 37.
29. Betz K, Schielke GP, Yang GY. Interleukin-1 in cerebral ischaemia. Keio J Med 1996; 45: 230-238.
30. Rothwell NJ, Luheshi G, Toulmond S. Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology and pathology. Pharmacol Ther 1996; 69: 85-95.
31. Toulmond S, Serrano A, Benavides J, Zavala F. Increase in IL_6, IL_1 and TNF levels in rat brain following traumatic lesion. Influence of pre- and post-traumatic treatment with R05 4864 a periph- eral-type (p site) benzodiazepine ligand. J Neuroimmunol 1993; 42: 177-185.
32. Beneviste EN. Cytokines: influence on glial cell gene expression and function. Chem Immunol 1992; 52: 106-153.
33. Boutin H, LeFeuvre RA, Horai R, et al. Role of IL-1alpha and IL- 1beta in ischemic brain damage. J Neurosci 2001; 21: 5528-5534.
34. Yamasaki Y, Matsuura N, Shozuhara H, et al. Interleukin-1 as a pathogenetic mediator of ischemic brain damage in rats. Stroke 1995; 26: 676-680.
35. Basu A, Lazovic J, Krady JK, et al. Interleukin-1 and the interleukin-1 type 1 receptor are essential for the progressive neurodegeneration that ensues subsequent to a mild hypoxic/ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25: 17- 29.
36. Herrmann O, Tarabin V, Suzuki S, et al. Regulation of body temperature and neuroprotection by endogenous interleukin-6 in cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003; 23: 406-415.
37. Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 176-179.
38. O'Garra A, Vieira PL, Vieira P, Goldfeld AE. IL-10-producing and naturally occurring CD4+ Tregs: limiting collateral damage. J Clin Invest 2004; 114: 1372-1378.
39. Grilli M, Barbieri I, Basudev H, et al. Interleukin-10 modulates neuronal threshold of vul- nerability to ischaemic damage. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12: 2265-2272.
40. Gross CE, Bednar MM, Howard DB, Sporn MB. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 reduces infarct size after experimental cerebral ischemia in a rabbit model. Stroke 1993; 24(4): 558-562.
41. Ruocco A, Nicole O, Docagne F, et al. A transforming growth factor-b antagonist unmasks the neuroprotective role of this endogenous cytokine in excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 1345-1353.
42. Wang Q, Tang XN, Yenari MA. The inflammatory response in stroke. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 184: 53-68.
43. Schilling M, Besselmann M, Muller M. Predominant phagocytic activity of resident microglia over hematogenous macrophages following transient focal cerebral ischemia: an investigation using green fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow chimeric mice. Exp Neurol 2005; 196(2): 290-297.
44. Watanabe H, Abe H, Takeuchi S, et al. Protective effect of microglial conditioning medium on neuronal damage induced by glutamate. Neurosci Lett 2000; 289: 53-56.
45. Ponomarev ED, Veremeyko T, Weiner HL. MicroRNAs are universal regulators of differen- tiation, activation, and polarization of microglia and macrophages in normal and diseased CNS. Glia 2013; 61: 91-103.
46. Neumann J, Sauerzweig S, Ronicke R. Microglia cells protect neurons by direct engulfment of invading neutrophil granulocytes: a new mechanism of CNS immune privilege. J Neurosci 2008; 28(23): 5965-5975.
47. Giulian D, Corpuz M, Chapman S, et al. Reactive mononuclear phagocytes release neurotoxins after ischemic and traumatic injury to the central nervous system. J Neurosci Res 1993; 36: 681-693.
48. Lehnardt S, Massillon L, Follett P, et al. Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a toll-like receptor 4- dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 8514-8519.
49. Zhang Z, Chopp M, Powers C. Temporal profile of microglial response following transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain Res 1997; 744; 189-198.
50. Martinez FO, Gordon S. The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment. F1000Prime Rep 2014; 6: 13.
51. Bednar MM, Raymond S, McAuliffe T, Lodge PA, Gross CE. The role of neutrophils and platelets in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. Stroke 1991; 22(1): 44-50.
52. Bowes MP, Rothlein R, Fagan SC, Zivin JA. Monoclonal antibodies preventing leukocyte activation reduce experimental neurologic injury and enhance efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. Neurology 1995; 45(4): 815-9.
53. Connolly ES Jr, Winfree CJ, Springer TA, et al. Cerebral protection in homozygous null ICAM-1 mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Role of neutrophil adhesion in the pathogenesis of stroke. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 209-216.
54. Castellanos M, Leira R, Serena J, et al. Plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003; 34: 40-46.
55. Montaner J, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina C, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase expression after human cardioembolic stroke: temporal profile and relation to neurological impairment. Stroke 2001; 32: 1759-1766.
56. Jander S, Kraemer M, Schroeter M, et al. Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in photochemically induced ischemia of the rat cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995; 15: 42-51.
57. Hurn PD, Subramanian S, Parker SM, et al. T- and B- cell-deficient mice with experimental stroke have reduced lesion size and inflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27: 1798-1805.
58. Arumugam TV, Salter JW, Chidlow JH, et al. Contributions of LFA-1 and Mac-1 to brain injury and microvascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 287: H2555-H2560.
59. Ishikawa M, Vowinkel T, Stokes KY, et al. CD40/CD40 ligand signaling in mouse cerebral microvasculature after focal ischemia/reperfusion. Circulation 2005; 111: 1690-1696.
60. McGeachy MJ, Stephens LA, Anderton SM. Natural recovery and protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis: contribution of CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells within the central nervous system. J Immunol 2005; 175: 3025-3032.
61. Suri-Payer E, Fritzsching B. Regulatory T cells in experimental autoimmune disease. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006; 28: 3- 16.
62. Sakaguchi S, Ono M, Setoguchi R, et al. Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self tolerance and autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev 2006; 212: 8-27.
63. Liesz A, Suri-Payer E, Veltkamp C. Regulatory T cells are key cerebroprotective immunomodulators in acute experimental stroke. Nat Med 2009; 15: 138 -139.
64. Shibata K, Yamada H, Hara H, et al. Resident V δ1+γδ T cells control early infiltration of neutrophils after Escherichia coli infection via IL-17 production. J Immunol 2007; 178: 4466-4472.
65. Snyder MR, Nakajima T, Leibson PJ, et al. Stimulatory killer Iglike receptors modulate T cell activation through DAP12- dependent and DAP12-independent mechanisms. J Immunol 2004; 173: 3725-3731.
66. Zal B, Kaski JC, Arno G, et al. Baboonian, Heat-shock protein 60- reactive CD4+CD28null T cells in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004; 109: 1230-1235.
67. Weyand CM, Brandes JC, Schmidt D, et al. Functional properties of CD4t CD28- T cells in the aging immune system. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 102: 131-147.
68. Nowik M, Nowacki P, Grabarek J, et al. Can we talk about CD4+CD28- lymphocytes as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol 2007; 58(1): 26-33.
69. Nadareishvili ZG, Li H, Wright V, et al. Elevated proinflamma tory CD4+CD28- lymphocytes and stroke recurrence and death. Neurology 2004; 63: 1446-1451.
70. Licata G, Tuttolomondo A, Corrao S, et al. Immunoinflammatory activation during the acute phase of lacunar and non-lacunar ischemic stroke, association with time of onset and diabetic state. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19(3): 639-646.
71. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, et al. Inflammation in ischemic stroke subtypes. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(28): 4289- 4310.
72. Jiang N, Chopp M, Chahwala S. Neutrophil inhibitory factor treatment of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res 1998; 788: 25-34.
73. Zhang RL, Chopp M, Li Y, et al. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurology 1994; 44: 1747-1751.
74. Martin D, Chinookoswong N, Miller G. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) protects against cerebral infarction in a rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Exp Neurol 1994; 130(2): 362-367.
75. Mulcahy NJ, Ross J, Rothwell NJ, et al. Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against transient cerebral ischaemia in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 140(3): 471-476.
76. Lavine SD, Hofman FM, Zlokovic BV. Circulating antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha protects rat brain from reperfusion injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18(1): 52-58.
77. Del Zoppo GJ. Lessons from stroke trials using anti-inflammatory approaches that have failed. In: Dirnagl U, Elger B, editors. Neuroinflammation in stroke. Berlin - Heidelberg: Springer- Verlagh 2004; 155-184.
78. Yrjanheikki J, Keinanen R, Pellikka M, et al. Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 15769-15774.
79. Yrjanheikki J, Tikka T, Keinanen R, et al. A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 13496-13500.
80. Fagan SC, Waller JL, Nichols FT, et al. Minocycline to improve neurologic outcome in stroke (MINOS): a dose-finding study. Stroke 2010; 41: 2283-2287.
81. Liesz A, Hagmann S, Zschoche C, et al. The spectrum of systemic immune alterations after murine focal ischaemia: immunodepression versus immunomodulation. Stroke 2009; 40: 2849-2858.
82. Chaitanya GV, Schwaninger M, Alexander JS, et al. Granzyme-b is involved in mediating post-ischaemic neuronal death during focal cerebral ischaemia in rat model. Neuroscience 2010; 165: 1203- 1216.
83. Sairanen T, Carpen O, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, et al. Evolution of cerebral tumor necrosis factor-alpha production during human ischemic stroke. Stroke 2001; 32(8): 1750-1758.
84. Liesz A, Zhou W, Mracsko E, et al. Inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking shields the brain against deleterious neuroinflammation after stroke. Brain 2011; 134(3): 704-720.
85. Albanese A, Tuttolomondo A, Anile C, et al. Spontaneous chronic subdural hematomas in young adults with a deficiency in coagulation factor XIII. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 2005 Jun; 102(6): 1130-1132.
86. Davi G, Tuttolomondo A, Santilli F, et al. CD40 ligand and MCP-1 as predictors of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16(6): 707-713.
87. Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A, Casuccio A, et al. Immunoinflammatory predictors of stroke at follow-up in patients with chronic non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 116(10): 781-789.
88. Tuttolomondo A, Pecoraro R, Di Raimondo D, et al. Immuneinflammatory markers and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke with and without metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6(1): 28.
89. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Di Sciacca R, et al. Arterial stiffness and ischemic stroke in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225(1): 216-219.
90. Pinto A, Di Raimondo D, Tuttolomondo A, Fernandez P, Arnao V, Licata G. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to evaluate effects on blood pressure of physical activity in hypertensive patients. Clin J Sport Med 2006; 16(3): 238-243.
91. Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile and morbidity in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot. Metabolism 2008; 57(5): 676-682.
92. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Forte GI, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of pro-inflammatory/antiinflammatory and thrombotic/fibrinolytic genes in patients with acute ischemic stroke in relation to TOAST subtype. Cytokine 2012; 58(3): 398-405.
93. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, et al. Immuneinflammatory markers and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213(1): 311-318.
94. Tuttolomondo A, La Placa S, Di Raimondo D, et al. Adiponectin, resistin and IL-6 plasma levels in subjects with diabetic foot and possible correlations with clinical variables and cardiovascular comorbidity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9: 50.
95. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Di Sciacca R, et al. Fetuin-A and CD40 L plasma levels in acute ischemic stroke: differences in relation to TOAST subtype and correlation with clinical and laboratory variables. Atherosclerosis 2010; 208(1): 290-296.
96. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Arnao V, Pinto A, Licata G. Inflammation in ischemic stroke subtypes. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(28): 4289-4310.