Bioaccessible antioxidants in milk fermented by bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2015, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Gagnon, Mérilie ^a   Savard, Patricia ^a   Rivière, Audrey ^a   Lapointe, Gisèle ^a   Roy, Denis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CELL EXTRACT; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

ALLELE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENETICS; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGESTION; FERMENTATION; FERMENTED PRODUCT; GENE LOCUS; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; IN VITRO STUDY; MILK; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; NONHUMAN; OPTICAL DENSITY; ORAC ASSAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; SCREENING TEST; SURVIVAL RATE; ANIMAL; BIFIDOBACTERIUM; DAIRY PRODUCT; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; BIFIDOBACTERIUM; DAIRY PRODUCTS; FERMENTATION; MILK; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 84924567165     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2015/169381     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. A. P. S. Hungin, C. Mulligan, B. Pot et al., "Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide," Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 864-886, 2013.
2. M. A. Ciorba, "A Gastroenterologist's guide to probiotics," Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 960-968, 2012.
3. G. S. Howarth and H. Wang, "Role of endogenous microbiota, probiotics and their biological products in human health," Nutrients, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 58-81, 2013.
4. A. Klijn, A. Mercenier, and F. Arigoni, "Lessons from the genomes of bifidobacteria," FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 491-509, 2005.
5. J. Jalanka-Tuovinen, A. Salonen, J. Nikkilä et al., "Intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: temporal analysis reveals individual and common core and relation to intestinal symptoms," PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, no. 7, Article ID e23035, 2011.
6. P. W. O'Toole and M. J. Claesson, "Gut microbiota: changes throughout the lifespan from infancy to elderly," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 281-291, 2010.
7. E. Avershina, O. Storrø, T. Øien et al., "Bifidobacterial succession and correlation networks in a large unselected cohort of mothers and their children," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 497-507, 2013.
8. F. Turroni, C. Peano, D. A. Pass et al., "Diversity of bifidobacteria within the infant gut microbiota," PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, no. 5, Article ID e36957, 2012.
9. F. Turroni, J. R. Marchesi, E. Foroni et al., "Microbiomic analysis of the bifidobacterial population in the human distal gut," ISME Journal, Vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 745-751, 2009.
10. I. Mainville, Y. Arcand, and E. R. Farnworth, "A dynamic model that simulates the human upper gastrointestinal tract for the study of probiotics," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 287-296, 2005.
11. P. Marteau, M. Minekus, R. Havenaar, and J. H. J. Huis In't Veld, "Survival of lactic acid bacteria in a dynamic model of the stomach and small intestine: validation and the effects of bile," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 1031-1037, 1997.
12. A. Bezkorovainy, "Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 73, no. 2 supplement, pp. 399S-405S, 2001.
13. M. A. Schell, M. Karmirantzou, B. Snel et al., "The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 99, no. 22, pp. 14422-14427, 2002.
14. A. L. Brioukhanov and A. I. Netrusov, "Aerotolerance of strictly anaerobic microorganisms and factors of defense against oxidative stress: a review," Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 567-582, 2007.
15. J. A. O. Saide and S. E. Gilliland, "Antioxidative activity of lactobacilli measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1352-1357, 2005.
16. M. L. Stecchini, M. Del Torre, and M. Munari, "Determination of peroxy radical-scavenging of lactic acid bacteria," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 64, no. 1-2, pp. 183-188, 2001.
17. T. Virtanen, A. Pihlanto, S. Akkanen, and H. Korhonen, "Development of antioxidant activity in milk whey during fermentation with lactic acid bacteria," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 106-115, 2007.
18. M. Y. Lin and F. J. Chang, "Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATC C 435 6," Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1617-1622, 2000.
19. M. Xiao, P. Xu, J. Zhao et al., "Oxidative stress-related responses of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 at the proteomic level after exposure to oxygen," Microbiology, Vol. 157, no. 6, pp. 1573-1588, 2011.
20. T. Odamaki, J. Z. Xiao, S. Yonezawa, T. Yaeshima, and K. Iwatsuki, "Improved viability of bifidobacteria in fermented milk by cocultivation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 1112-1121, 2011.
21. Y. Qian, W. J. Borowski, and W. D. Calhoon, "Intracellular granule formation in response to oxidative stress in Bifidobacterium," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 320-325, 2011.
22. A. Keshavarzian, A. Banan, A. Farhadi et al., "Increases in free radicals and cytoskeletal protein oxidation and nitration in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease," Gut, Vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 720-728, 2003.
23. A. Tüzün, A. Erdil, V. Inal et al., "Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease," Clinical Biochemistry, Vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 569-572, 2002.
24. Y. Wang, O. K. Chun, and W. O. Song, "Plasma and dietary antioxidant status as cardiovascular disease risk factors: a review of human studies," Nutrients, Vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 2969-3004, 2013.
25. G. Mazza, C. D. Kay, T. Cottrell, and B. J. Holub, "Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, no. 26, pp. 7731-7737, 2002.
26. C. B. Pedersen, J. Kyle, A. M. Jenkinson, P. T. Gardner, D. B. McPhail, and G. G. Duthie, "Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 405-408, 2000.
27. H. Palafox-Carlos, J. F. Ayala-Zavala, and G. A. González-Aguilar, "The role of dietary fiber in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of fruit and vegetable antioxidants," Journal of Food Science, Vol. 76, no. 1, pp. R6-R15, 2011.
28. M. A. Lila, D. M. Ribnicky, L. E. Rojo et al., "Complementary approaches to gauge the bioavailability and distribution of ingested berry polyphenolics," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 60, no. 23, pp. 5763-5771, 2012.
29. J. Rafter, M. Bennett, G. Caderni et al., "Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 488-496, 2007.
30. C. Krul, A. Luiten-Schuite, A. Tenfelde, B. van Ommen, H. Verhagen, and R. Havenaar, "Antimutagenic activity of green tea and black tea extracts studied in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model," Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Vol. 474, no. 1-2, pp. 71-85, 2001.
31. B. Fernandez, R. Hammami, P. Savard, J. Jean, and I. Fliss, "Pediococcus acidilactici UL5 and Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454 are able to survive and express their bacteriocin genes under simulated gastrointestinal conditions," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 677-688, 2014.
32. R. C. R. Martinez, A.-E. Aynaou, S. Albrecht et al., "In vitro evaluation of gastrointestinal survival of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698 alone and combined with galactooligosaccharides, milk and/or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 152-158, 2011.
33. M. Khalf, N. Dabour, E. Kheadr, and I. Fliss, "Viability of probiotic bacteria in maple sap products under storage and gastrointestinal conditions," Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, no. 20, pp. 7966-7972, 2010.
34. A. Rivière, F. Moens, M. Selak, D. Maes, S. Weckx, and L. de Vuyst, "The ability of bifidobacteria to degrade arabinoxylan oligosaccharide constituents and derived oligosaccharides is strain dependent," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 204-217, 2014.
35. M. C. Collabo, M. Gueimonde, M. Hernández, Y. Sanz, and S. Salminen, "Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in enteropathogen exclusion," Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 2672-2678, 2005.
36. S. Delgado, E. O'Sullivan, G. Fitzgerald, and B. Mayo, "In vitro evaluation of the probiotic properties of human intestinal Bifidobacterium species and selection of new probiotic candidates," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 1119-1127, 2008.
37. A. Dávalos, C. Gómez-Cordovés, and B. Bartolomé, "Extending applicability of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACfluorescein) assay," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 48-54, 2004.
38. L. Bazinet, S. Brianceau, P. Dubé, and Y. Desjardins, "Evolution of cranberry juice physico-chemical parameters during phenolic antioxidant enrichment by electrodialysis with filtration membrane," Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 87, pp. 31-39, 2012.
39. K. A. Jolley, E. J. Feil, M.-S. Chan, and M. C. J. Maiden, "Sequence type analysis and recombinational tests (START)," Bioinformatics, Vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1230-1231, 2001.
40. M. Minekus, P. Marteau, R. Havenaar, and J. H. J. Huis In't Veld, "A multicompartmental dynamic computer-controlled model simulating the stomach and small intestine," ATLA: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, Vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 197-209, 1995.
41. G. Licitra, J. C. Ogier, S. Parayre et al., "Variability of bacterial biofilms of the "tina" wood vats used in the ragusano cheese-making process," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 73, no. 21, pp. 6980-6987, 2007.
42. T. F. Wegrzyn, J. M. Farr, D. C. Hunter et al., "Stability of antioxidants in an apple polyphenol-milk model system," Food Chemistry, Vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 310-318, 2008.
43. A. Zulueta, A. Maurizi, A. Frígola, M. J. Esteve, R. Coli, and G. Burini, "Antioxidant capacity of cow milk, whey and deproteinized milk," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 19, no. 6-7, pp. 380-385, 2009.
44. A. Shihata and N. P. Shah, "Proteolytic profiles of yogurt and probiotic bacteria," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 10, no. 5-6, pp. 401-408, 2000.
45. D. Roy, "Technological aspects related to the use of bifidobacteria in dairy products," Lait, Vol. 85, no. 1-2, pp. 39-56, 2005.
46. T. Kullisaar, M. Zilmer, M. Mikelsaar et al., "Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 215-224, 2002.
47. D. B. Kell, A. S. Kaprelyants, D. H. Weichart, C. R. Harwood, and M. R. Barer, "Viability and activity in readily culturable bacteria: a review and discussion of the practical issues," Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 169-187, 1998.
48. É. Desfossés-Foucault, V. Dussault-Lepage, C. Le Boucher, P. Savard, G. LaPointe, and D. Roy, "Assessment of probiotic viability during cheddar cheese manufacture and ripening using propidium monoazide-PCR quantification," Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 3, article 350, 2012.
49. M. Begley, C. Hill, and C. G. M. Gahan, "Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 1729-1738, 2006.
50. D. Roy and V. Delcenserie, "The protective role of probiotics in a disturbed enteric microbiota," in Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections, J. J. Malago, J. F. J. G. Koninkx, and R. Marinsek-Logar, Eds., pp. 221-261, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2011.
51. L. V. McFarland, "Use of probiotics to correct dysbiosis of normal microbiota following disease or disruptive events: a systematic review," BMJ Open, Vol. 4, no. 8, Article ID e005047, 2014.
52. V. Rochet, L. Rigottier-Gois, A. Ledaire et al., "Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 in the faecal microbiota after administration in lyophilised form or in fermented product - a randomised study in healthy adults," Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 14, no. 1-3, pp. 128-136, 2007.
53. P. Pochart, P. Marteau, Y. Bouhnik, I. Goderel, P. Bourlioux, and J.-C. Ramboud, "Survival of bifidobacteria ingested via fermented milk during their passage through the human small intestine: an in vivo study using intestinal perfusion," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 78-80, 1992.
54. P. Marteau, P. Pochart, Y. Bouhnik, S. Zidi, I. Goderel, and J.-C. Rambaud, "Survival of Lactobaccilus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp ingested in a fermented milk in the small intestine: a rational basis for the use of probiotics in man," Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique, Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 25-28, 1992.
55. Y. Bouhnik, P. Pochart, P. Marteau, G. Arlet, I. Goderel, and J. C. Rambaud, "Fecal recovery in humans of viable Bifidobacterium sp. ingested in fermented milk," Gastroenterology, Vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 875-878, 1992.
56. L. Masco, C. Crockaert, K. van Hoorde, J. Swings, and G. Huys, "In vitro assessment of the gastrointestinal transit tolerance of taxonomic reference strains from human origin and probiotic product isolates of Bifidobacterium," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 90, no. 8, pp. 3572-3578, 2007.
57. S. Fujiwara, Y. Seto, A. Kimura, and H. Hashiba, "Intestinal transit of an orally administered streptomycin-rifampicin-resistant variant of Bifidobacterium longum SBT2928: its long-term survival and effect on the intestinal microflora and metabolism," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 43-52, 2001.
58. J. Wang, Z. Zhong, W. Zhang et al., "Comparative analysis of the gene expression profile of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang with and without fermented milk as a vehicle during transit in a simulated gastrointestinal tract," Research in Microbiology, Vol. 163, no. 5, pp. 357-365, 2012.
59. C. A. Adams, "The probiotic paradox: live and dead cells are biological response modifiers," Nutrition Research Reviews, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 37-46, 2010.
60. O. M. Laudanno, L. Vasconcelos, J. Catalana, and J. A. Cesolari, "Anti-inflammatory effect of bioflora probiotic administered orally or subcutaneously with live or dead bacteria," Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2180-2183, 2006.
61. J. Kataria, N. Li, J. L. Wynn, and J. Neu, "Probiotic microbes: do they need to be alive to be beneficial?" Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 546-550, 2009.
62. M. A. Azcárate-Peril, M. Sikes, and J. M. Bruno-Bárcena, "The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer?" The American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 301, no. 3, pp. G401-G424, 2011.
63. D. Bahaka, C. Neut, A. Khattabi, D. Monget, and F. Gavini, "Phenotypic and genomic analyses of human strains belonging or related to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium breve," International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 565-573, 1993.
64. P. Savard, B. Lamarche, M.-E. Paradis, H. Thiboutot, É. Laurin, and D. Roy, "Impact of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5-containing yoghurt, on fecal bacterial counts of healthy adults," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 50-57, 2011.
65. D. Roy, P. Ward, and G. Champagne, "Differentiation of bifidobacteria by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 11-29, 1996.
66. D. Haytowitz and S. Bhagwat, USDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods, Release 2, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2010.
67. A. P. S. Hungin, C. Mulligan, B. Pot et al., "Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide," Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 864-886, 2013.
68. M. A. Ciorba, "A Gastroenterologist's guide to probiotics," Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 960-968, 2012.
69. G. S. Howarth and H. Wang, "Role of endogenous microbiota, probiotics and their biological products in human health," Nutrients, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 58-81, 2013.
70. A. Klijn, A. Mercenier, and F. Arigoni, "Lessons from the genomes of bifidobacteria," FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 491-509, 2005.
71. J. Jalanka-Tuovinen, A. Salonen, J. Nikkilä et al., "Intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: temporal analysis reveals individual and common core and relation to intestinal symptoms," PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, no. 7, Article ID e23035, 2011.
72. P. W. O'Toole and M. J. Claesson, "Gut microbiota: changes throughout the lifespan from infancy to elderly," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 281-291, 2010.
73. E. Avershina, O. Storrø, T. Øien et al., "Bifidobacterial succession and correlation networks in a large unselected cohort of mothers and their children," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 497-507, 2013.
74. F. Turroni, C. Peano, D. A. Pass et al., "Diversity of bifidobacteria within the infant gut microbiota," PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, no. 5, Article ID e36957, 2012.
75. F. Turroni, J. R. Marchesi, E. Foroni et al., "Microbiomic analysis of the bifidobacterial population in the human distal gut," ISME Journal, Vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 745-751, 2009.
76. I. Mainville, Y. Arcand, and E. R. Farnworth, "A dynamic model that simulates the human upper gastrointestinal tract for the study of probiotics," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 287-296, 2005.
77. P. Marteau, M. Minekus, R. Havenaar, and J. H. J. Huis In't Veld, "Survival of lactic acid bacteria in a dynamic model of the stomach and small intestine: validation and the effects of bile," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 1031-1037, 1997.
78. A. Bezkorovainy, "Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 73, no. 2 supplement, pp. 399S-405S, 2001.
79. M. A. Schell, M. Karmirantzou, B. Snel et al., "The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 99, no. 22, pp. 14422-14427, 2002.
80. A. L. Brioukhanov and A. I. Netrusov, "Aerotolerance of strictly anaerobic microorganisms and factors of defense against oxidative stress: a review," Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 567-582, 2007.
81. J. A. O. Saide and S. E. Gilliland, "Antioxidative activity of lactobacilli measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1352-1357, 2005.
82. M. L. Stecchini, M. Del Torre, and M. Munari, "Determination of peroxy radical-scavenging of lactic acid bacteria," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 64, no. 1-2, pp. 183-188, 2001.
83. T. Virtanen, A. Pihlanto, S. Akkanen, and H. Korhonen, "Development of antioxidant activity in milk whey during fermentation with lactic acid bacteria," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 106-115, 2007.
84. M. Y. Lin and F. J. Chang, "Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATC C 435 6," Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1617-1622, 2000.
85. M. Xiao, P. Xu, J. Zhao et al., "Oxidative stress-related responses of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 at the proteomic level after exposure to oxygen," Microbiology, Vol. 157, no. 6, pp. 1573-1588, 2011.
86. T. Odamaki, J. Z. Xiao, S. Yonezawa, T. Yaeshima, and K. Iwatsuki, "Improved viability of bifidobacteria in fermented milk by cocultivation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 1112-1121, 2011.
87. Y. Qian, W. J. Borowski, and W. D. Calhoon, "Intracellular granule formation in response to oxidative stress in Bifidobacterium," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 320-325, 2011.
88. A. Keshavarzian, A. Banan, A. Farhadi et al., "Increases in free radicals and cytoskeletal protein oxidation and nitration in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease," Gut, Vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 720-728, 2003.
89. A. Tüzün, A. Erdil, V. Inal et al., "Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease," Clinical Biochemistry, Vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 569-572, 2002.
90. Y. Wang, O. K. Chun, and W. O. Song, "Plasma and dietary antioxidant status as cardiovascular disease risk factors: a review of human studies," Nutrients, Vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 2969-3004, 2013.
91. G. Mazza, C. D. Kay, T. Cottrell, and B. J. Holub, "Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, no. 26, pp. 7731-7737, 2002.
92. C. B. Pedersen, J. Kyle, A. M. Jenkinson, P. T. Gardner, D. B. McPhail, and G. G. Duthie, "Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 405-408, 2000.
93. H. Palafox-Carlos, J. F. Ayala-Zavala, and G. A. González-Aguilar, "The role of dietary fiber in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of fruit and vegetable antioxidants," Journal of Food Science, Vol. 76, no. 1, pp. R6-R15, 2011.
94. M. A. Lila, D. M. Ribnicky, L. E. Rojo et al., "Complementary approaches to gauge the bioavailability and distribution of ingested berry polyphenolics," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 60, no. 23, pp. 5763-5771, 2012.
95. J. Rafter, M. Bennett, G. Caderni et al., "Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 488-496, 2007.
96. C. Krul, A. Luiten-Schuite, A. Tenfelde, B. van Ommen, H. Verhagen, and R. Havenaar, "Antimutagenic activity of green tea and black tea extracts studied in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model," Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Vol. 474, no. 1-2, pp. 71-85, 2001.
97. B. Fernandez, R. Hammami, P. Savard, J. Jean, and I. Fliss, "Pediococcus acidilactici UL5 and Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454 are able to survive and express their bacteriocin genes under simulated gastrointestinal conditions," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 677-688, 2014.
98. R. C. R. Martinez, A.-E. Aynaou, S. Albrecht et al., "In vitro evaluation of gastrointestinal survival of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698 alone and combined with galactooligosaccharides, milk and/or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 152-158, 2011.
99. M. Khalf, N. Dabour, E. Kheadr, and I. Fliss, "Viability of probiotic bacteria in maple sap products under storage and gastrointestinal conditions," Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, no. 20, pp. 7966-7972, 2010.
100. A. Rivière, F. Moens, M. Selak, D. Maes, S. Weckx, and L. de Vuyst, "The ability of bifidobacteria to degrade arabinoxylan oligosaccharide constituents and derived oligosaccharides is strain dependent," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 204-217, 2014.
101. M. C. Collabo, M. Gueimonde, M. Hernández, Y. Sanz, and S. Salminen, "Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in enteropathogen exclusion," Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 2672-2678, 2005.
102. S. Delgado, E. O'Sullivan, G. Fitzgerald, and B. Mayo, "In vitro evaluation of the probiotic properties of human intestinal Bifidobacterium species and selection of new probiotic candidates," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 1119-1127, 2008.
103. A. Dávalos, C. Gómez-Cordovés, and B. Bartolomé, "Extending applicability of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACfluorescein) assay," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 48-54, 2004.
104. L. Bazinet, S. Brianceau, P. Dubé, and Y. Desjardins, "Evolution of cranberry juice physico-chemical parameters during phenolic antioxidant enrichment by electrodialysis with filtration membrane," Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 87, pp. 31-39, 2012.
105. K. A. Jolley, E. J. Feil, M.-S. Chan, and M. C. J. Maiden, "Sequence type analysis and recombinational tests (START)," Bioinformatics, Vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1230-1231, 2001.
106. M. Minekus, P. Marteau, R. Havenaar, and J. H. J. Huis In't Veld, "A multicompartmental dynamic computer-controlled model simulating the stomach and small intestine," ATLA: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, Vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 197-209, 1995.
107. G. Licitra, J. C. Ogier, S. Parayre et al., "Variability of bacterial biofilms of the "tina" wood vats used in the ragusano cheese-making process," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 73, no. 21, pp. 6980-6987, 2007.
108. T. F. Wegrzyn, J. M. Farr, D. C. Hunter et al., "Stability of antioxidants in an apple polyphenol-milk model system," Food Chemistry, Vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 310-318, 2008.
109. A. Zulueta, A. Maurizi, A. Frígola, M. J. Esteve, R. Coli, and G. Burini, "Antioxidant capacity of cow milk, whey and deproteinized milk," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 19, no. 6-7, pp. 380-385, 2009.
110. A. Shihata and N. P. Shah, "Proteolytic profiles of yogurt and probiotic bacteria," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 10, no. 5-6, pp. 401-408, 2000.
111. D. Roy, "Technological aspects related to the use of bifidobacteria in dairy products," Lait, Vol. 85, no. 1-2, pp. 39-56, 2005.
112. T. Kullisaar, M. Zilmer, M. Mikelsaar et al., "Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 215-224, 2002.
113. D. B. Kell, A. S. Kaprelyants, D. H. Weichart, C. R. Harwood, and M. R. Barer, "Viability and activity in readily culturable bacteria: a review and discussion of the practical issues," Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 169-187, 1998.
114. É. Desfossés-Foucault, V. Dussault-Lepage, C. Le Boucher, P. Savard, G. LaPointe, and D. Roy, "Assessment of probiotic viability during cheddar cheese manufacture and ripening using propidium monoazide-PCR quantification," Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 3, article 350, 2012.
115. M. Begley, C. Hill, and C. G. M. Gahan, "Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 1729-1738, 2006.
116. D. Roy and V. Delcenserie, "The protective role of probiotics in a disturbed enteric microbiota," in Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections, J. J. Malago, J. F. J. G. Koninkx, and R. Marinsek-Logar, Eds., pp. 221-261, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2011.
117. L. V. McFarland, "Use of probiotics to correct dysbiosis of normal microbiota following disease or disruptive events: a systematic review," BMJ Open, Vol. 4, no. 8, Article ID e005047, 2014.
118. V. Rochet, L. Rigottier-Gois, A. Ledaire et al., "Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 in the faecal microbiota after administration in lyophilised form or in fermented product - a randomised study in healthy adults," Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 14, no. 1-3, pp. 128-136, 2007.
119. P. Pochart, P. Marteau, Y. Bouhnik, I. Goderel, P. Bourlioux, and J.-C. Ramboud, "Survival of bifidobacteria ingested via fermented milk during their passage through the human small intestine: an in vivo study using intestinal perfusion," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 78-80, 1992.
120. P. Marteau, P. Pochart, Y. Bouhnik, S. Zidi, I. Goderel, and J.-C. Rambaud, "Survival of Lactobaccilus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp ingested in a fermented milk in the small intestine: a rational basis for the use of probiotics in man," Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique, Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 25-28, 1992.
121. Y. Bouhnik, P. Pochart, P. Marteau, G. Arlet, I. Goderel, and J. C. Rambaud, "Fecal recovery in humans of viable Bifidobacterium sp. ingested in fermented milk," Gastroenterology, Vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 875-878, 1992.
122. L. Masco, C. Crockaert, K. van Hoorde, J. Swings, and G. Huys, "In vitro assessment of the gastrointestinal transit tolerance of taxonomic reference strains from human origin and probiotic product isolates of Bifidobacterium," Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 90, no. 8, pp. 3572-3578, 2007.
123. S. Fujiwara, Y. Seto, A. Kimura, and H. Hashiba, "Intestinal transit of an orally administered streptomycin-rifampicin-resistant variant of Bifidobacterium longum SBT2928: its long-term survival and effect on the intestinal microflora and metabolism," Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 43-52, 2001.
124. J. Wang, Z. Zhong, W. Zhang et al., "Comparative analysis of the gene expression profile of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang with and without fermented milk as a vehicle during transit in a simulated gastrointestinal tract," Research in Microbiology, Vol. 163, no. 5, pp. 357-365, 2012.
125. C. A. Adams, "The probiotic paradox: live and dead cells are biological response modifiers," Nutrition Research Reviews, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 37-46, 2010.
126. O. M. Laudanno, L. Vasconcelos, J. Catalana, and J. A. Cesolari, "Anti-inflammatory effect of bioflora probiotic administered orally or subcutaneously with live or dead bacteria," Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2180-2183, 2006.
127. J. Kataria, N. Li, J. L. Wynn, and J. Neu, "Probiotic microbes: do they need to be alive to be beneficial?" Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 546-550, 2009.
128. M. A. Azcárate-Peril, M. Sikes, and J. M. Bruno-Bárcena, "The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer?" The American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 301, no. 3, pp. G401-G424, 2011.
129. D. Bahaka, C. Neut, A. Khattabi, D. Monget, and F. Gavini, "Phenotypic and genomic analyses of human strains belonging or related to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium breve," International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 565-573, 1993.
130. P. Savard, B. Lamarche, M.-E. Paradis, H. Thiboutot, É. Laurin, and D. Roy, "Impact of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5-containing yoghurt, on fecal bacterial counts of healthy adults," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 50-57, 2011.
131. D. Roy, P. Ward, and G. Champagne, "Differentiation of bifidobacteria by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction," International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 11-29, 1996.
132. D. Haytowitz and S. Bhagwat, USDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods, Release 2, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2010.