Vascular wall extracellular matrix proteins and vascular diseases

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease

Volumn 1842, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2106-2119

  Xu, Junyan ^a   Shi, Guo Ping ^b  

^a SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Aortic aneurysm; Atherosclerosis; Extracellular matrix protein; Hypertension; Varicose vein

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTIN; FIBULIN; INTEGRIN; SCLEROPROTEIN;

ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING; ANGIOGENESIS; AORTA ANEURYSM; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD VESSEL RUPTURE; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CALCIFICATION; CELL ADHESION; CELL DEATH; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURFACE; CIRCULATION; DIASTOLE; GENE MUTATION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEUKOCYTE; MICROVASCULATURE; MOLECULAR IMAGING; NEOINTIMA; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); NONHUMAN; PROTEIN ASSEMBLY; PROTEIN CROSS LINKING; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REGENERATION; VARICOSIS; VASCULAR DISEASE;

EID: 84908448640     PISSN: 09254439     EISSN: 1879260X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.008     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. Yurchenco P.D. Basement membranes: cell scaffoldings and signaling platforms. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2011, 3.
2. Moulton K.S., Olsen B.R., Sonn S., Fukai N., Zurakowski D., Zeng X. Loss of collagen XVIII enhances neovascularization and vascular permeability in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2004, 110:1330-1336.
3. Hallmann R., Horn N., Selg M., Wendler O., Pausch F., Sorokin L.M. Expression and function of laminins in the embryonic and mature vasculature. Physiol. Rev. 2005, 85:979-1000.
4. Wagenseil J.E., Mecham R.P. Vascular extracellular matrix and arterial mechanics. Physiol. Rev. 2009, 89:957-989.
5. Amento E.P., Ehsani N., Palmer H., Libby P. Cytokines and growth factors positively and negatively regulate interstitial collagen gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1991, 11:1223-1230.
6. Ward M.R., Agrotis A., Kanellakis P., Hall J., Jennings G., Bobik A. Tranilast prevents activation of transforming growth factor-beta system, leukocyte accumulation, and neointimal growth in porcine coronary arteries after stenting. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002, 22:940-948.
7. Ghosh J., Baguneid M., Khwaja N., Murphy M.O., Turner N., Halka A., Ferguson M.W., Kielty C.M., Walker M.G. Reduction of myointimal hyperplasia after arterial anastomosis by local injection of transforming growth factor beta3. J. Vasc. Surg. 2006, 43:142-149.
8. Newby A.C., Zaltsman A.B. Fibrous cap formation or destruction-the critical importance of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and matrix formation. Cardiovasc. Res. 1999, 41:345-360.
9. Dufourcq P., Couffinhal T., Alzieu P., Daret D., Moreau C., Duplaa C., Bonnet J. Vitronectin is up-regulated after vascular injury and vitronectin blockade prevents neointima formation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2002, 53:952-962.
10. Lu Q., Ganesan K., Simionescu D.T., Vyavahare N.R. Novel porous aortic elastin and collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004, 25:5227-5237.
11. Simionescu D.T., Lu Q., Song Y., Lee J.S., Rosenbalm T.N., Kelley C., Vyavahare N.R. Biocompatibility and remodeling potential of pure arterial elastin and collagen scaffolds. Biomaterials 2006, 27:702-713.
12. Khan K.M., Howe L.R., Falcone D.J. Extracellular matrix-induced cyclooxygenase-2 regulates macrophage proteinase expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:22039-22046.
13. Schwartz M.A. Integrin signaling revisited. Trends Cell Biol. 2001, 11:466-470.
14. Barnes M.J., Farndale R.W. Collagens and atherosclerosis. Exp. Gerontol. 1999, 34:513-525.
15. Moiseeva E.P. Adhesion receptors of vascular smooth muscle cells and their functions. Cardiovasc. Res. 2001, 52:372-386.
16. Mawatari K., Liu B., Kent K.C. Activation of integrin receptors is required for growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell dysfunction. J. Vasc. Surg. 2000, 31:375-381.
17. Kappert K., Blaschke F., Meehan W.P., Kawano H., Grill M., Fleck E., Hsueh W.A., Law R.E., Graf K. Integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 mediate VSMC migration and are elevated during neointima formation in the rat aorta. Basic Res. Cardiol. 2001, 96:42-49.
18. Rehn M., Veikkola T., Kukk-Valdre E., Nakamura H., Ilmonen M., Lombardo C., Pihlajaniemi T., Alitalo K., Vuori K. Interaction of endostatin with integrins implicated in angiogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:1024-1029.
19. Schultz G.S., Wysocki A. Interactions between extracellular matrix and growth factors in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2009, 17:153-162.
20. Rosenbloom J., Abrams W.R., Mecham R. Extracellular matrix 4: the elastic fiber. FASEB J. 1993, 7:1208-1218.
21. Wolinsky H., Glagov S. A lamellar unit of aortic medial structure and function in mammals. Circ. Res. 1967, 20:99-111.
22. Clark J.M., Glagov S. Transmural organization of the arterial media. The lamellar unit revisited. Arteriosclerosis 1985, 5:19-34.
23. Arribas S.M., Hinek A., Gonzalez M.C. Elastic fibres and vascular structure in hypertension. Pharmacol. Ther. 2006, 111:771-791.
24. Greenwald S.E. Ageing of the conduit arteries. J. Pathol. 2007, 211:157-172.
25. Keeley F.W., Johnson D.J. The effect of developing hypertension on the synthesis and accumulation of elastin in the aorta of the rat. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1986, 64:38-43.
26. Krettek A., Sukhova G.K., Libby P. Elastogenesis in human arterial disease: a role for macrophages in disordered elastin synthesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003, 23:582-587.
27. Hinek A., Keeley F.W., Callahan J. Recycling of the 67-kDa elastin binding protein in arterial myocytes is imperative for secretion of tropoelastin. Exp. Cell Res. 1995, 220:312-324.
28. Rosenbloom J., Bashir M., Yeh H., Rosenbloom J., Ornstein-Goldstein N., Fazio M., Kahari V.M., Uitto J. Regulation of elastin gene expression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1991, 624:116-136.
29. Vrhovski B., Weiss A.S. Biochemistry of tropoelastin. Eur. J. Biochem. 1998, 258:1-18.
30. Robb B.W., Wachi H., Schaub T., Mecham R.P., Davis E.C. Characterization of an in vitro model of elastic fiber assembly. Mol. Biol. Cell 1999, 10:3595-3605.
31. Mochizuki S., Brassart B., Hinek A. Signaling pathways transduced through the elastin receptor facilitate proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:44854-44863.
32. Hinek A. Biological roles of the non-integrin elastin/laminin receptor. Biol. Chem. 1996, 377:471-480.
33. Ito S., Ishimaru S., Wilson S.E. Inhibitory effect of type 1 collagen gel containing alpha-elastin on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1997, 5:176-183.
34. Ooyama T., Fukuda K., Oda H., Nakamura H., Hikita Y. Substratum-bound elastin peptide inhibits aortic smooth muscle cell migration in vitro. Arteriosclerosis 1987, 7:593-598.
35. Ito S., Ishimaru S., Wilson S.E. Effect of coacervated alpha-elastin on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Angiology 1998, 49:289-297.
36. Li D.Y., Brooke B., Davis E.C., Mecham R.P., Sorensen L.K., Boak B.B., Eichwald E., Keating M.T. Elastin is an essential determinant of arterial morphogenesis. Nature 1998, 393:276-280.
37. Liu S.Q., Tieche C., Alkema P.K. Neointima formation on vascular elastic laminae and collagen matrices scaffolds implanted in the rat aortae. Biomaterials 2004, 25:1869-1882.
38. Karnik S.K., Brooke B.S., Bayes-Genis A., Sorensen L., Wythe J.D., Schwartz R.S., Keating M.T., Li D.Y. A critical role for elastin signaling in vascular morphogenesis and disease. Development 2003, 130:411-423.
39. Yamamoto M., Fujita K., Shinkai T., Yamamoto K., Noumura T. Identification of the phenotypic modulation of rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in primary culture by flow cytometry. Exp. Cell Res. 1992, 198:43-51.
40. Robert L. Cell-elastin interaction and signaling. Pathol. Biol. (Paris) 2005, 53:399-404.
41. Faury G., Ristori M.T., Verdetti J., Jacob M.P., Robert L. Effect of elastin peptides on vascular tone. J. Vasc. Res. 1995, 32:112-119.
42. Brassart B., Fuchs P., Huet E., Alix A.J., Wallach J., Tamburro A.M., Delacoux F., Haye B., Emonard H., Hornebeck W., Debelle L. Conformational dependence of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) up-regulation by elastin peptides in cultured fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:5222-5227.
43. Karnik S.K., Wythe J.D., Sorensen L., Brooke B.S., Urness L.D., Li D.Y. Elastin induces myofibrillogenesis via a specific domain, VGVAPG. Matrix Biol. 2003, 22:409-425.
44. Curran M.E., Atkinson D.L., Ewart A.K., Morris C.A., Leppert M.F., Keating M.T. The elastin gene is disrupted by a translocation associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis. Cell 1993, 73:159-168.
45. Li D.Y., Faury G., Taylor D.G., Davis E.C., Boyle W.A., Mecham R.P., Stenzel P., Boak B., Keating M.T. Novel arterial pathology in mice and humans hemizygous for elastin. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 102:1783-1787.
46. Urban Z., Riazi S., Seidl T.L., Katahira J., Smoot L.B., Chitayat D., Boyd C.D., Hinek A. Connection between elastin haploinsufficiency and increased cell proliferation in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002, 71:30-44.
47. Chowdhury T., Reardon W. Elastin mutation and cardiac disease. Pediatr. Cardiol. 1999, 20:103-107.
48. Lowery M.C., Morris C.A., Ewart A., Brothman L.J., Zhu X.L., Leonard C.O., Carey J.C., Keating M., Brothman A.R. Strong correlation of elastin deletions, detected by FISH, with Williams syndrome: evaluation of 235 patients. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1995, 57:49-53.
49. Dao H.H., Essalihi R., Bouvet C., Moreau P. Evolution and modulation of age-related medial elastocalcinosis: impact on large artery stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res. 2005, 66:307-317.
50. Konova E., Baydanoff S., Atanasova M., Velkova A. Age-related changes in the glycation of human aortic elastin. Exp. Gerontol. 2004, 39:249-254.
51. Gorgels T.G., Hu X., Scheffer G.L., van der Wal A.C., Toonstra J., de Jong P.T., van Kuppevelt T.H., Levelt C.N., de Wolf A., Loves W.J., Scheper R.J., Peek R., Bergen A.A. Disruption of Abcc6 in the mouse: novel insight in the pathogenesis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:1763-1773.
52. Myllyharju J., Kivirikko K.I. Collagens and collagen-related diseases. Ann. Med. 2001, 33:7-21.
53. Kong C.H., Lin X.Y., Woo C.C., Wong H.C., Lee C.N., Richards A.M., Sorokin V.A. Characteristics of aortic wall extracellular matrix in patients with acute myocardial infarction: tissue microarray detection of collagen I, collagen III and elastin levels. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2013, 16:11-15.
54. Vogel W., Gish G.D., Alves F., Pawson T. The discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases are activated by collagen. Mol. Cell 1997, 1:13-23.
55. Pozzi A., Wary K.K., Giancotti F.G., Gardner H.A. Integrin alpha1beta1 mediates a unique collagen-dependent proliferation pathway in vivo. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 142:587-594.
56. Brown E.J., Frazier W.A. Integrin-associated protein (CD47) and its ligands. Trends Cell Biol. 2001, 11:130-135.
57. Tiger C.F., Fougerousse F., Grundstrom G., Velling T., Gullberg D. Alpha11beta1 integrin is a receptor for interstitial collagens involved in cell migration and collagen reorganization on mesenchymal nonmuscle cells. Dev. Biol. 2001, 237:116-129.
58. Gullberg D.E., Lundgren-Akerlund E. Collagen-binding I domain integrins-what do they do?. Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 2002, 37:3-54.
59. Turlo K.A., Noel O.D., Vora R., LaRussa M., Fassler R., Hall-Glenn F., Iruela-Arispe M.L. An essential requirement for beta1 integrin in the assembly of extracellular matrix proteins within the vascular wall. Dev. Biol. 2012, 365:23-35.
60. Hou G., Vogel W.F., Bendeck M.P. Tyrosine kinase activity of discoidin domain receptor 1 is necessary for smooth muscle cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Circ. Res. 2002, 90:1147-1149.
61. Hou G., Vogel W., Bendeck M.P. The discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 in arterial wound repair. J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 107:727-735.
62. Regan C.P., Adam P.J., Madsen C.S., Owens G.K. Molecular mechanisms of decreased smooth muscle differentiation marker expression after vascular injury. J. Clin. Invest. 2000, 106:1139-1147.
63. Wamhoff B.R., Hoofnagle M.H., Burns A., Sinha S., McDonald O.G., Owens G.K. A G/C element mediates repression of the SM22alpha promoter within phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells in experimental atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 2004, 95:981-988.
64. Orr A.W., Lee M.Y., Lemmon J.A., Yurdagul A., Gomez M.F., Bortz P.D., Wamhoff B.R. Molecular mechanisms of collagen isotype-specific modulation of smooth muscle cell phenotype. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2009, 29:225-231.
65. von Wnuck Lipinski K., Keul P., Lucke S., Heusch G., Wohlschlaeger J., Baba H.A., Levkau B. Degraded collagen induces calpain-mediated apoptosis and destruction of the X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (xIAP) in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 2006, 69:697-705.
66. Belmadani S., Zerfaoui M., Boulares H.A., Palen D.I., Matrougui K. Microvessel vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to collagen type I deposition through ERK1/2 MAP kinase, alphavbeta3-integrin, and TGF-beta1 in response to ANG II and high glucose. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2008, 295:H69-H76.
67. Hong H., Stegemann J.P. 2D and 3D collagen and fibrin biopolymers promote specific ECM and integrin gene expression by vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2008, 19:1279-1293.
68. Gonzalez-Santiago L., Lopez-Ongil S., Rodriguez-Puyol M., Rodriguez-Puyol D. Decreased nitric oxide synthesis in human endothelial cells cultured on type I collagen. Circ. Res. 2002, 90:539-545.
69. Kemeny S.F., Figueroa D.S., Andrews A.M., Barbee K.A., Clyne A.M. Glycated collagen alters endothelial cell actin alignment and nitric oxide release in response to fluid shear stress. J. Biomech. 2011, 44:1927-1935.
70. Kemeny S.F., Cicalese S., Figueroa D.S., Clyne A.M. Glycated collagen and altered glucose increase endothelial cell adhesion strength. J. Cell. Physiol. 2013, 228:1727-1736.
71. Critser P.J., Kreger S.T., Voytik-Harbin S.L., Yoder M.C. Collagen matrix physical properties modulate endothelial colony forming cell-derived vessels in vivo. Microvasc. Res. 2010, 80:23-30.
72. Naugle J.E., Olson E.R., Zhang X., Mase S.E., Pilati C.F., Maron M.B., Folkesson H.G., Horne W.I., Doane K.J., Meszaros J.G. Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006, 290:H323-H330.
73. Sundaramoorthy M., Meiyappan M., Todd P., Hudson B.G. Crystal structure of NC1 domains. Structural basis for type IV collagen assembly in basement membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:31142-31153.
74. Colorado P.C., Torre A., Kamphaus G., Maeshima Y., Hopfer H., Takahashi K., Volk R., Zamborsky E.D., Herman S., Sarkar P.K., Ericksen M.B., Dhanabal M., Simons M., Post M., Kufe D.W., Weichselbaum R.R., Sukhatme V.P., Kalluri R. Anti-angiogenic cues from vascular basement membrane collagen. Cancer Res. 2000, 60:2520-2526.
75. Maeshima Y., Colorado P.C., Torre A., Holthaus K.A., Grunkemeyer J.A., Ericksen M.B., Hopfer H., Xiao Y., Stillman I.E., Kalluri R. Distinct antitumor properties of a type IV collagen domain derived from basement membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:21340-21348.
76. Petitclerc E., Boutaud A., Prestayko A., Xu J., Sado Y., Ninomiya Y., Sarras M.P., Hudson B.G., Brooks P.C. New functions for non-collagenous domains of human collagen type IV. Novel integrin ligands inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:8051-8061.
77. Coleman G., Gardiner T.A., Boutaud A., Stitt A.W. Recombinant alpha2(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen is an effective regulator of retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation and inhibits pre-retinal neovascularisation. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2007, 245:581-587.
78. Koskimaki J.E., Karagiannis E.D., Tang B.C., Hammers H., Watkins D.N., Pili R., Popel A.S. Pentastatin-1, a collagen IV derived 20-mer peptide, suppresses tumor growth in a small cell lung cancer xenograft model. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:29.
79. Fukai N., Eklund L., Marneros A.G., Oh S.P., Keene D.R., Tamarkin L., Niemela M., Ilves M., Li E., Pihlajaniemi T., Olsen B.R. Lack of collagen XVIII/endostatin results in eye abnormalities. EMBO J. 2002, 21:1535-1544.
80. Menzel O., Bekkeheien R.C., Reymond A., Fukai N., Boye E., Kosztolanyi G., Aftimos S., Deutsch S., Scott H.S., Olsen B.R., Antonarakis S.E., Guipponi M. Knobloch syndrome: novel mutations in COL18A1, evidence for genetic heterogeneity, and a functionally impaired polymorphism in endostatin. Hum. Mutat. 2004, 23:77-84.
81. O'Reilly M.S., Boehm T., Shing Y., Fukai N., Vasios G., Lane W.S., Flynn E., Birkhead J.R., Olsen B.R., Folkman J. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 1997, 88:277-285.
82. Ferreras M., Felbor U., Lenhard T., Olsen B.R., Delaisse J. Generation and degradation of human endostatin proteins by various proteinases. FEBS Lett. 2000, 486:247-251.
83. Lin H.C., Chang J.H., Jain S., Gabison E.E., Kure T., Kato T., Fukai N., Azar D.T. Matrilysin cleavage of corneal collagen type XVIII NC1 domain and generation of a 28-kDa fragment. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2001, 42:2517-2524.
84. Chang J.H., Javier J.A., Chang G.Y., Oliveira H.B., Azar D.T. Functional characterization of neostatins, the MMP-derived, enzymatic cleavage products of type XVIII collagen. FEBS Lett. 2005, 579:3601-3606.
85. Kuivaniemi H., Tromp G., Prockop D.J. Mutations in fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, and XI), fibril-associated collagen (type IX), and network-forming collagen (type X) cause a spectrum of diseases of bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Hum. Mutat. 1997, 9:300-315.
86. De Paepe A., Malfait F. Bleeding and bruising in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and other collagen vascular disorders. Br. J. Haematol. 2004, 127:491-500.
87. Pepin M., Schwarze U., Superti-Furga A., Byers P.H. Clinical and genetic features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, the vascular type. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 342:673-680.
88. Pope F.M., Burrows N.P. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome has varied molecular mechanisms. J. Med. Genet. 1997, 34:400-410.
89. Hata R., Kurata S., Shinkai H. Existence of malfunctioning pro alpha2(I) collagen genes in a patient with a pro alpha 2(I)-chain-defective variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Eur. J. Biochem. 1988, 174:231-237.
90. Nicholls A.C., Osse G., Schloon H.G., Lenard H.G., Deak S., Myers J.C., Prockop D.J., Weigel W.R., Fryer P., Pope F.M. The clinical features of homozygous alpha 2(I) collagen deficient osteogenesis imperfecta. J. Med. Genet. 1984, 21:257-262.
91. Rahkonen O., Su M., Hakovirta H., Koskivirta I., Hormuzdi S.G., Vuorio E., Bornstein P., Penttinen R. Mice with a deletion in the first intron of the Col1a1 gene develop age-dependent aortic dissection and rupture. Circ. Res. 2004, 94:83-90.
92. Lohler J., Timpl R., Jaenisch R. Embryonic lethal mutation in mouse collagen I gene causes rupture of blood vessels and is associated with erythropoietic and mesenchymal cell death. Cell 1984, 38:597-607.
93. You W.K., Bonaldo P., Stallcup W.B. Collagen VI ablation retards brain tumor progression due to deficits in assembly of the vascular basal lamina. Am. J. Pathol. 2012, 180:1145-1158.
94. Ooshima A., Midorikawa O. Increased lysyl oxidase activity in blood vessels of hypertensive rats and effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on arteriosclerosis. Jpn. Circ. J. 1977, 41:1337-1340.
95. Lopez B., Querejeta R., Gonzalez A., Beaumont J., Larman M., Diez J. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009, 53:236-242.
96. Chen M.M., Lam A., Abraham J.A., Schreiner G.F., Joly A.H. CTGF expression is induced by TGF-beta in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes: a potential role in heart fibrosis. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2000, 32:1805-1819.
97. Nili N., Zhang M., Strauss B.H., Bendeck M.P. Biochemical analysis of collagen and elastin synthesis in the balloon injured rat carotid artery. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 2002, 11:272-276.
98. Deguchi J.O., Huang H., Libby P., Aikawa E., Whittaker P., Sylvan J., Lee R.T., Aikawa M. Genetically engineered resistance for MMP collagenases promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice infused with angiotensin II. Lab. Invest. 2009, 89:315-326.
99. Megens R.T., Oude Egbrink M.G., Cleutjens J.P., Kuijpers M.J., Schiffers P.H., Merkx M., Slaaf D.W., van Zandvoort M.A. Imaging collagen in intact viable healthy and atherosclerotic arteries using fluorescently labeled CNA35 and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Mol. Imaging 2007, 6:247-260.
100. Megens R.T., oude Egbrink M.G., Merkx M., Slaaf D.W., van Zandvoort M.A. Two-photon microscopy on vital carotid arteries: imaging the relationship between collagen and inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques. J. Biomed. Opt. 2008, 13:044022.
101. Bhatwadekar A.D., Glenn J.V., Li G., Curtis T.M., Gardiner T.A., Stitt A.W. Advanced glycation of fibronectin impairs vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells: implications for vasodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49:1232-1241.
102. Martinez-Lemus L.A., Hill M.A., Meininger G.A. The plastic nature of the vascular wall: a continuum of remodeling events contributing to control of arteriolar diameter and structure. Physiology (Bethesda) 2009, 24:45-57.
103. Sottile J., Hocking D.C. Fibronectin polymerization regulates the composition and stability of extracellular matrix fibrils and cell-matrix adhesions. Mol. Biol. Cell 2002, 13:3546-3559.
104. Chiang H.Y., Korshunov V.A., Serour A., Shi F., Sottile J. Fibronectin is an important regulator of flow-induced vascular remodeling. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2009, 29:1074-1079.
105. Roy J., Tran P.K., Religa P., Kazi M., Henderson B., Lundmark K., Hedin U. Fibronectin promotes cell cycle entry in smooth muscle cells in primary culture. Exp. Cell Res. 2002, 273:169-177.
106. Ni H., Yuen P.S., Papalia J.M., Trevithick J.E., Sakai T., Fassler R., Hynes R.O., Wagner D.D. Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003, 100:2415-2419.
107. Matuskova J., Chauhan A.K., Cambien B., Astrof S., Dole V.S., Piffath C.L., Hynes R.O., Wagner D.D. Decreased plasma fibronectin leads to delayed thrombus growth in injured arterioles. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2006, 26:1391-1396.
108. Shih P.T., Elices M.J., Fang Z.T., Ugarova T.P., Strahl D., Territo M.C., Frank J.S., Kovach N.L., Cabanas C., Berliner J.A., Vora D.K. Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein induces monocyte adhesion to endothelial connecting segment-1 by activating beta1 integrin. J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 103:613-625.
109. Serini G., Bochaton-Piallat M.L., Ropraz P., Geinoz A., Borsi L., Zardi L., Gabbiani G. The fibronectin domain ED-A is crucial for myofibroblastic phenotype induction by transforming growth factor-beta1. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 142:873-881.
110. Astrof S., Crowley D., Hynes R.O. Multiple cardiovascular defects caused by the absence of alternatively spliced segments of fibronectin. Dev. Biol. 2007, 311:11-24.
111. Jarnagin W.R., Rockey D.C., Koteliansky V.E., Wang S.S., Bissell D.M. Expression of variant fibronectins in wound healing: cellular source and biological activity of the EIIIA segment in rat hepatic fibrogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 1994, 127:2037-2048.
112. Tan M.H., Sun Z., Opitz S.L., Schmidt T.E., Peters J.H., George E.L. Deletion of the alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIA domain in mice reduces atherosclerosis. Blood 2004, 104:11-18.
113. Dietrich T., Perlitz C., Licha K., Stawowy P., Atrott K., Tachezy M., Meyborg H., Stocker C., Grafe M., Fleck E., Schirner M., Graf K. ED-B fibronectin (ED-B) can be targeted using a novel single chain antibody conjugate and is associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Basic Res. Cardiol. 2007, 102:298-307.
114. Arai H., Hirano H., Mushiake S., Nakayama M., Takada G., Sekiguchi K. Loss of EDB+fibronectin isoform is associated with differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells in human fetal lung. Am. J. Pathol. 1997, 151:403-412.
115. Fukuda T., Yoshida N., Kataoka Y., Manabe R., Mizuno-Horikawa Y., Sato M., Kuriyama K., Yasui N., Sekiguchi K. Mice lacking the EDB segment of fibronectin develop normally but exhibit reduced cell growth and fibronectin matrix assembly in vitro. Cancer Res. 2002, 62:5603-5610.
116. McLaughlin P.J., Chen Q., Horiguchi M., Starcher B.C., Stanton J.B., Broekelmann T.J., Marmorstein A.D., McKay B., Mecham R., Nakamura T., Marmorstein L.Y. Targeted disruption of fibulin-4 abolishes elastogenesis and causes perinatal lethality in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:1700-1709.
117. Huang J., Davis E.C., Chapman S.L., Budatha M., Marmorstein L.Y., Word R.A., Yanagisawa H. Fibulin-4 deficiency results in ascending aortic aneurysms: a potential link between abnormal smooth muscle cell phenotype and aneurysm progression. Circ. Res. 2010, 106:583-592.
118. Hanada K., Vermeij M., Garinis G.A., de Waard M.C., Kunen M.G., Myers L., Maas A., Duncker D.J., Meijers C., Dietz H.C., Kanaar R., Essers J. Perturbations of vascular homeostasis and aortic valve abnormalities in fibulin-4 deficient mice. Circ. Res. 2007, 100:738-746.
119. Yanagisawa H., Davis E.C., Starcher B.C., Ouchi T., Yanagisawa M., Richardson J.A., Olson E.N. Fibulin-5 is an elastin-binding protein essential for elastic fibre development in vivo. Nature 2002, 415:168-171.
120. Wang X., LeMaire S.A., Chen L., Carter S.A., Shen Y.H., Gan Y., Bartsch H., Wilks J.A., Utama B., Ou H., Thompson R.W., Coselli J.S., Wang X.L. Decreased expression of fibulin-5 correlates with reduced elastin in thoracic aortic dissection. Surgery 2005, 138:352-359.
121. Spencer J.A., Hacker S.L., Davis E.C., Mecham R.P., Knutsen R.H., Li D.Y., Gerard R.D., Richardson J.A., Olson E.N., Yanagisawa H. Altered vascular remodeling in fibulin-5-deficient mice reveals a role of fibulin-5 in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:2946-2951.
122. Wan W., Gleason R.L. Dysfunction in elastic fiber formation in fibulin-5 null mice abrogates the evolution in mechanical response of carotid arteries during maturation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2013, 304:H674-H686.
123. Strom A., Olin A.I., Aspberg A., Hultgardh-Nilsson A. Fibulin-2 is present in murine vascular lesions and is important for smooth muscle cell migration. Cardiovasc. Res. 2006, 69:755-763.
124. Chapman S.L., Sicot F.X., Davis E.C., Huang J., Sasaki T., Chu M.L., Yanagisawa H. Fibulin-2 and fibulin-5 cooperatively function to form the internal elastic lamina and protect from vascular injury. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2010, 30:68-74.
125. Yousif L.F., Di Russo J., Sorokin L. Laminin isoforms in endothelial and perivascular basement membranes. Cell Adhes. Migr. 2013, 7:101-110.
126. Wang B., Sun J., Kitamoto S., Yang M., Grubb A., Chapman H.A., Kalluri R., Shi G.P. Cathepsin S controls angiogenesis and tumor growth via matrix-derived angiogenic factors. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:6020-6029.
127. Pfaff M., Reinhardt D.P., Sakai L.Y., Timpl R. Cell adhesion and integrin binding to recombinant human fibrillin-1. FEBS Lett. 1996, 384:247-250.
128. Pereira L., Andrikopoulos K., Tian J., Lee S.Y., Keene D.R., Ono R., Reinhardt D.P., Sakai L.Y., Biery N.J., Bunton T., Dietz H.C., Ramirez F. Targetting of the gene encoding fibrillin-1 recapitulates the vascular aspect of Marfan syndrome. Nat. Genet. 1997, 17:218-222.
129. Robinson P.N., Godfrey M. The molecular genetics of Marfan syndrome and related microfibrillopathies. J. Med. Genet. 2000, 37:9-25.
130. Ekmekci H., Ekmekci O.B., Sonmez H., Ozturk Z., Domanic N., Kokoglu E. Evaluation of fibronectin, vitronectin, and leptin levels in coronary artery disease: impacts on thrombosis and thrombolysis. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2005, 11:63-70.
131. Peng L., Bhatia N., Parker A.C., Zhu Y., Fay W.P. Endogenous vitronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promote neointima formation in murine carotid arteries. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002, 22:934-939.
132. Reheman A., Gross P., Yang H., Chen P., Allen D., Leytin V., Freedman J., Ni H. Vitronectin stabilizes thrombi and vessel occlusion but plays a dual role in platelet aggregation. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2005, 3:875-883.
133. Seeger F.H., Blessing E., Gu L., Bornhold R., Denger S., Kreuzer J. Fibrinogen induces chemotactic activity in endothelial cells. Acta Physiol. Scand. 2002, 176:109-115.
134. Maehnss K., Kobarg J., Schmitt W.H., Hansen H.P., Lange H., Csernok E., Gross W.L., Lemke H. Vitronectin- and fibronectin-containing immune complexes in primary systemic vasculitis. J. Autoimmun. 2002, 18:239-250.
135. Rodriguez C., Alcudia J.F., Martinez-Gonzalez J., Guadall A., Raposo B., Sanchez-Gomez S., Badimon L. Statins normalize vascular lysyl oxidase down-regulation induced by proatherogenic risk factors. Cardiovasc. Res. 2009, 83:595-603.
136. Korol R.M., Canham P.B., Liu L., Viswanathan K., Ferguson G.G., Hammond R.R., Finlay H.M., Baker H.V., Lopez C., Lucas A.R. Detection of altered extracellular matrix in surface layers of unstable carotid plaque: an optical spectroscopy, birefringence and microarray genetic analysis. Photochem. Photobiol. 2011, 87:1164-1172.
137. Frontini M.J., O'Neil C., Sawyez C., Chan B.M., Huff M.W., Pickering J.G. Lipid incorporation inhibits Src-dependent assembly of fibronectin and type I collagen by vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ. Res. 2009, 104:832-841.
138. Yasuda O., Fukuo K., Maeda N., Ogihara T. Elevated expression of type VIII collagen gene in the atherosclerotic plaque of the ApoE-deficient mouse. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2001, 947:312-315.
139. Brasselet C., Durand E., Addad F., Al Haj Zen A., Smeets M.B., Laurent-Maquin D., Bouthors S., Bellon G., de Kleijn D., Godeau G., Garnotel R., Gogly B., Lafont A. Collagen and elastin cross-linking: a mechanism of constrictive remodeling after arterial injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2005, 289:H2228-H2233.
140. Carmo M., Colombo L., Bruno A., Corsi F.R., Roncoroni L., Cuttin M.S., Radice F., Mussini E., Settembrini P.G. Alteration of elastin, collagen and their cross-links in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2002, 23:543-549.
141. Xiong J., Wang S.M., Chen L.H., Lin Y., Zhu Y.F., Ye C.S. Elastic fibers reconstructed using adenovirus-mediated expression of tropoelastin and tested in the elastase model of abdominal aortic aneurysm in rats. J. Vasc. Surg. 2008, 48:965-973.
142. Isenburg J.C., Simionescu D.T., Vyavahare N.R. Elastin stabilization in cardiovascular implants: improved resistance to enzymatic degradation by treatment with tannic acid. Biomaterials 2004, 25:3293-3302.
143. Isenburg J.C., Simionescu D.T., Starcher B.C., Vyavahare N.R. Elastin stabilization for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circulation 2007, 115:1729-1737.
144. Aoki T., Kataoka H., Ishibashi R., Nozaki K., Morishita R., Hashimoto N. Reduced collagen biosynthesis is the hallmark of cerebral aneurysm: contribution of interleukin-1beta and nuclear factor-kappaB. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2009, 29:1080-1086.
145. Jeanneret C., Baldi T., Hailemariam S., Koella C., Gewaltig J., Biedermann B.C. Selective loss of extracellular matrix proteins is linked to biophysical properties of varicose veins assessed by ultrasonography. Br. J. Surg. 2007, 94:449-456.
146. Sansilvestri-Morel P., Rupin A., Badier-Commander C., Kern P., Fabiani J.N., Verbeuren T.J., Vanhoutte P.M. Imbalance in the synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in smooth muscle cells derived from human varicose veins. J. Vasc. Res. 2001, 38:560-568.
147. Bujan J., Gimeno M.J., Jimenez J.A., Kielty C.M., Mecham R.P., Bellon J.M. Expression of elastic components in healthy and varicose veins. World J. Surg. 2003, 27:901-905.
148. Sansilvestri-Morel P., Rupin A., Jullien N.D., Lembrez N., Mestries-Dubois P., Fabiani J.N., Verbeuren T.J. Decreased production of collagen type III in cultured smooth muscle cells from varicose vein patients is due to a degradation by MMPs: possible implication of MMP-3. J. Vasc. Res. 2005, 42:388-398.
149. O'Donnell C.J., Shea M.K., Price P.A., Gagnon D.R., Wilson P.W., Larson M.G., Kiel D.P., Hoffmann U., Ferencik M., Clouse M.E., Williamson M.K., Cupples L.A., Dawson-Hughes B., Booth S.L. Matrix Gla protein is associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis but not with coronary artery calcification. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2006, 26:2769-2774.
150. Cario-Toumaniantz C., Boularan C., Schurgers L.J., Heymann M.F., Le Cunff M., Leger J., Loirand G., Pacaud P. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human varicose veins: involvement of matrix Gla protein in extracellular matrix remodeling. J. Vasc. Res. 2007, 44:444-459.
151. Xu N., Zhang Y.Y., Lin Y., Bao B., Zheng L., Shi G.P., Liu J. Increased levels of lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins in human varicose veins: a histology study. Thromb. Haemost. 2014, 111:333-344.
152. Nichols W.W. Clinical measurement of arterial stiffness obtained from noninvasive pressure waveforms. Am. J. Hypertens. 2005, 18:3S-10S.
153. Castro M.M., Rizzi E., Figueiredo-Lopes L., Fernandes K., Bendhack L.M., Pitol D.L., Gerlach R.F., Tanus-Santos J.E. Metalloproteinase inhibition ameliorates hypertension and prevents vascular dysfunction and remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats. Atherosclerosis 2008, 198:320-331.
154. Castro M.M., Rizzi E., Rodrigues G.J., Ceron C.S., Bendhack L.M., Gerlach R.F., Tanus-Santos J.E. Antioxidant treatment reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2-induced vascular changes in renovascular hypertension. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2009, 46:1298-1307.
155. Intengan H.D., Schiffrin E.L. Structure and mechanical properties of resistance arteries in hypertension: role of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix determinants. Hypertension 2000, 36:312-318.
156. Intengan H.D., Schiffrin E.L. Vascular remodeling in hypertension: roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hypertension 2001, 38:581-587.
157. Hinek A. Nature and the multiple functions of the 67-kD elastin-/laminin binding protein. Cell Adhes. Commun. 1994, 2:185-193.
158. Faury G., Pezet M., Knutsen R.H., Boyle W.A., Heximer S.P., McLean S.E., Minkes R.K., Blumer K.J., Kovacs A., Kelly D.P., Li D.Y., Starcher B., Mecham R.P. Developmental adaptation of the mouse cardiovascular system to elastin haploinsufficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 112:1419-1428.
159. Wagenseil J.E., Nerurkar N.L., Knutsen R.H., Okamoto R.J., Li D.Y., Mecham R.P. Effects of elastin haploinsufficiency on the mechanical behavior of mouse arteries. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2005, 289:H1209-H1217.
160. Ewart A.K., Morris C.A., Ensing G.J., Loker J., Moore C., Leppert M., Keating M. A human vascular disorder, supravalvular aortic stenosis, maps to chromosome 7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:3226-3230.
161. Li D.Y., Toland A.E., Boak B.B., Atkinson D.L., Ensing G.J., Morris C.A., Keating M.T. Elastin point mutations cause an obstructive vascular disease, supravalvular aortic stenosis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1997, 6:1021-1028.
162. Metcalfe K., Rucka A.K., Smoot L., Hofstadler G., Tuzler G., McKeown P., Siu V., Rauch A., Dean J., Dennis N., Ellis I., Reardon W., Cytrynbaum C., Osborne L., Yates J.R., Read A.P., Donnai D., Tassabehji M. Elastin: mutational spectrum in supravalvular aortic stenosis. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2000, 8:955-963.
163. Urban Z., Zhang J., Davis E.C., Maeda G.K., Kumar A., Stalker H., Belmont J.W., Boyd C.D., Wallace M.R. Supravalvular aortic stenosis: genetic and molecular dissection of a complex mutation in the elastin gene. Hum. Genet. 2001, 109:512-520.
164. Le V.P., Knutsen R.H., Mecham R.P., Wagenseil J.E. Decreased aortic diameter and compliance precedes blood pressure increases in postnatal development of elastin-insufficient mice. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2011, 301:H221-H229.
165. Hirano E., Knutsen R.H., Sugitani H., Ciliberto C.H., Mecham R.P. Functional rescue of elastin insufficiency in mice by the human elastin gene: implications for mouse models of human disease. Circ. Res. 2007, 101:523-531.
166. Martyn C.N., Greenwald S.E. Impaired synthesis of elastin in walls of aorta and large conduit arteries during early development as an initiating event in pathogenesis of systemic hypertension. Lancet 1997, 350:953-955.
167. Martyn C.N., Greenwald S.E. A hypothesis about a mechanism for the programming of blood pressure and vascular disease in early life. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2001, 28:948-951.
168. Briones A.M., Gonzalez J.M., Somoza B., Giraldo J., Daly C.J., Vila E., Gonzalez M.C., McGrath J.C., Arribas S.M. Role of elastin in spontaneously hypertensive rat small mesenteric artery remodelling. J. Physiol. 2003, 552:185-195.
169. Jimenez-Altayo F., Martin A., Rojas S., Justicia C., Briones A.M., Giraldo J., Planas A.M., Vila E. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion causes different structural, mechanical, and myogenic alterations in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2007, 293:H628-H635.
170. Boumaza S., Arribas S.M., Osborne-Pellegrin M., McGrath J.C., Laurent S., Lacolley P., Challande P. Fenestrations of the carotid internal elastic lamina and structural adaptation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2001, 37:1101-1107.
171. Arribas S.M., Briones A.M., Bellingham C., Gonzalez M.C., Salaices M., Liu K., Wang Y., Hinek A. Heightened aberrant deposition of hard-wearing elastin in conduit arteries of prehypertensive SHR is associated with increased stiffness and inward remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2008, 295:H2299-H2307.
172. Briones A.M., Xavier F.E., Arribas S.M., Gonzalez M.C., Rossoni L.V., Alonso M.J., Salaices M. Alterations in structure and mechanics of resistance arteries from ouabain-induced hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006, 291:H193-H201.
173. Gonzalez J.M., Briones A.M., Somoza B., Daly C.J., Vila E., Starcher B., McGrath J.C., Gonzalez M.C., Arribas S.M. Postnatal alterations in elastic fiber organization precede resistance artery narrowing in SHR. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006, 291:H804-H812.
174. Safar M.E., Levy B.I., Struijker-Boudier H. Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 2003, 107:2864-2869.
175. Franklin S.S. Pulse pressure as a risk factor. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 2004, 26:645-652.
176. Nakamura T., Lozano P.R., Ikeda Y., Iwanaga Y., Hinek A., Minamisawa S., Cheng C.F., Kobuke K., Dalton N., Takada Y., Tashiro K., Ross J., Honjo T., Chien K.R. Fibulin-5/DANCE is essential for elastogenesis in vivo. Nature 2002, 415:171-175.
177. Wolinsky H. Response of the rat aortic media to hypertension. Morphological and chemical studies. Circ. Res. 1970, 26:507-522.
178. Todorovich-Hunter L., Johnson D.J., Ranger P., Keeley F.W., Rabinovitch M. Altered elastin and collagen synthesis associated with progressive pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline. A biochemical and ultrastructural study. Lab. Invest. 1988, 58:184-195.
179. Olsen M.H., Christensen M.K., Wachtell K., Tuxen C., Fossum E., Bang L.E., Wiinberg N., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E., Hildebrandt P., Dige-Petersen H., Rokkedal J., Ibsen H. Markers of collagen synthesis is related to blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy: a LIFE substudy. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2005, 19:301-307.
180. Rizzoni D., Muiesan M.L., Porteri E., Salvetti M., Castellano M., Bettoni G., Tiberio G., Giulini S.M., Monteduro C., Garavelli G., Agabiti-Rosei E. Relations between cardiac and vascular structure in patients with primary and secondary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998, 32:985-992.
181. Intengan H.D., Deng L.Y., Li J.S., Schiffrin E.L. Mechanics and composition of human subcutaneous resistance arteries in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1999, 33:569-574.
182. Intengan H.D., Thibault G., Li J.S., Schiffrin E.L. Resistance artery mechanics, structure, and extracellular components in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of angiotensin receptor antagonism and converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation 1999, 100:2267-2275.
183. Rossi G.P., Cavallin M., Belloni A.S., Mazzocchi G., Nussdorfer G.G., Pessina A.C., Sartore S. Aortic smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and fibrillar collagen deposition in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res. 2002, 55:178-189.
184. Volpe M. Treatment of systolic hypertension: spotlight on recent studies with angiotensin II antagonists. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2005, 19:93-102.
185. Aronson D. Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pathogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes. J. Hypertens. 2003, 21:3-12.
186. Bezie Y., Lamaziere J.M., Laurent S., Challande P., Cunha R.S., Bonnet J., Lacolley P. Fibronectin expression and aortic wall elastic modulus in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1998, 18:1027-1034.
187. Ruperez M., Lorenzo O., Blanco-Colio L.M., Esteban V., Egido J., Ruiz-Ortega M. Connective tissue growth factor is a mediator of angiotensin II-induced fibrosis. Circulation 2003, 108:1499-1505.
188. Brassard P., Amiri F., Schiffrin E.L. Combined angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor blockade on vascular remodeling and matrix metalloproteinases in resistance arteries. Hypertension 2005, 46:598-606.
189. Touyz R.M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms in vascular injury in hypertension: role of angiotensin II. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2005, 14:125-131.
190. Ruiz-Ortega M., Rodriguez-Vita J., Sanchez-Lopez E., Carvajal G., Egido J. TGF-beta signaling in vascular fibrosis. Cardiovasc. Res. 2007, 74:196-206.
191. ten Dijke P., Arthur H.M. Extracellular control of TGFbeta signalling in vascular development and disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007, 8:857-869.
192. Fu K., Corbley M.J., Sun L., Friedman J.E., Shan F., Papadatos J.L., Costa D., Lutterodt F., Sweigard H., Bowes S., Choi M., Boriack-Sjodin P.A., Arduini R.M., Sun D., Newman M.N., Zhang X., Mead J.N., Chuaqui C.E., Cheung H.K., Zhang X., Cornebise M., Carter M.B., Josiah S., Singh J., Lee W.C., Gill A., Ling L.E. SM16, an orally active TGF-beta type I receptor inhibitor prevents myofibroblast induction and vascular fibrosis in the rat carotid injury model. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2008, 28:665-671.