The use of magnetoencephalography in the study of psychopharmacology (pharmaco-MEG)

Journal of Psychopharmacology

Volumn 28, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 815-829

  Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh D ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

electroencephalography; evoked fields; Magnetoencephalography; neural oscillations; psychopharmacology

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE; ALCOHOL; DEXAMPHETAMINE; DIAZEPAM; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; KETAMINE; LEVODOPA; LORAZEPAM; MEMANTINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; NICOTINE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PLACEBO; PSILOCYBINE; SCOPOLAMINE; SEROTONIN; TIAGABINE; ZOLPIDEM; ZOPICLONE;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; CONNECTOME; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; GAMMA RHYTHM; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; REVIEW; BRAIN; DRUG EFFECTS; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; IMAGE PROCESSING; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; TRENDS;

BRAIN; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84906057869     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: 14617285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0269881114536790     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Aghajanian GK, Marek GJ. Serotonin induces excitatory postsynaptic potentials in apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells. Neuropharmacology. 1997 ; 36: 589-599
2. Ahonen AI, Hamalainen MS, Kajola MJ, et al. 122-Channel squid instrument for investigating the magnetic signals from the human brain. Physica Scripta. 1993 ; T49a: 198-205
3. Ahveninen J, Tiitinen H, Hirvonen J, et al. Scopolamine augments transient auditory 40-hz magnetic response in humans. Neurosci Lett. 1999 ; 277: 115-118
4. Apitz T, Bunzeck N. Dopamine controls the neural dynamics of memory signals and retrieval accuracy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 ; 12: 2409-2417
5. Arnold LE. Methylphenidate vs. amphetamine: Comparative review. J Atten Disord. 2000 ; 3: 200-211
6. Attal Y, Bhattacharjee M, Yelnik J, et al. Modeling and detecting deep brain activity with MEG & EEG. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007 ; 2007: 4937-4940
7. Attal Y, Schwartz D. Assessment of subcortical source localization using deep brain activity imaging model with minimum norm operators: A MEG study. PLoS One. 2013 ; 8: e59856
8. Azar NJ, Bangalore-Vittal N, Arain A, et al. Tiagabine-induced stupor in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus or encephalopathy?. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 ; 27: 330-332
9. Barth DS. Empirical comparison of the MEG and EEG: Animal models of the direct cortical response and epileptiform activity in neocortex. Brain Topogr. 1991 ; 4: 85-93
10. Barth DS, Sutherling W, Broffman J, et al. Magnetic localization of a dipolar current source implanted in a sphere and a human cranium. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1986 ; 63: 260-273
11. Bastos AM, Usrey WM, Adams RA, et al. Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding. Neuron. 2012 ; 76: 695-711
12. Bauer M, Kluge C, Bach D, et al. Cholinergic enhancement of visual attention and neural oscillations in the human brain. Curr Biol. 2012 ; 22: 397-402
13. Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, et al. Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 ; 47: 351-354
14. Boeinga PH. Ketamine effects on CNS responses assessed with MEG/EEG in a passive auditory sensory-gating paradigm: An attempt for modelling some symptoms of psychosis in man (vol 21, pg 321, 2007). J Psychopharmacol. 2007 ; 21: 900-900
15. Brookes MJ, Woolrich M, Luckhoo H, et al. Investigating the electrophysiological basis of resting state networks using magnetoencephalography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 ; 108: 16783-16788
16. Buzsaki G, Anastassiou CA, Koch C. The origin of extracellular fields and currents-EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 ; 13: 407-420
17. Campbell AE, Sumner P, Singh KD, et al. Acute effects of alcohol on stimulus-induced gamma oscillations in human primary visual and motor cortices. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 ;:
18. Carl C, Acik A, Konig P, et al. The saccadic spike artifact in MEG. NeuroImage. 2012 ; 59: 1657-1667
19. Chapman RM, Ilmoniemi RJ, Barbanera S, et al. Selective localization of alpha-brain activity with neuromagnetic measurements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1984 ; 58: 569-572
20. Claus S, Velis D, Lopes da, Silva FH, et al. High frequency spectral components after secobarbital: The contribution of muscular origin-A study with MEG/EEG. Epilepsy Res. 2012 ; 100: 132-141
21. Cobb SR, Buhl EH, Halasy K, et al. Synchronization of neuronal-activity in hippocampus by individual gabaergic interneurons. Nature. 1995 ; 378: 75-78
22. Cohen D. Magnetoencephalography: Detection of the brain's electrical activity with a superconducting magnetometer. Science. 1972 ; 175: 664-666
23. Cohen D, Hosaka H. Magnetic-field produced by a current dipole. J Electrocardiol. 1976 ; 9: 409-417
24. Cooper R, Winter AL, Crow HJ, et al. Comparison of subcortical cortical and scalp activity using chronically indwelling electrodes in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1965 ; 18: 217-228
25. Cornwell BR, Carver FW, Coppola R, et al. Evoked amygdala responses to negative faces revealed by adaptive MEG beamformers. Brain Res. 2008a ; 1244: 103-112
26. Cornwell BR, Johnson LL, Holroyd T, et al. Human hippocampal and parahippocampal theta during goal-directed spatial navigation predicts performance on a virtual Morris water maze. J Neurosci. 2008b ; 28: 5983-5990
27. Cornwell BR, Salvadore G, Furey M, et al. Synaptic potentiation is critical for rapid antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 ; 72: 555-561
28. Dalal S, Jerbi K, Bertrand O, et al. Evidence for MEG detection of hippocampus oscillations and cortical gamma-band activity from simultaneous intracranial EEG. Epilepsy and Behav. 2013 ; 28: 310-311
29. de Pasquale F, Della Penna S, Snyder AZ, et al. Temporal dynamics of spontaneous MEG activity in brain networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 ; 107: 6040-6045
30. Deouell LY. The frontal generator of the mismatch negativity revisited. J Psychophysiol. 2007 ; 21: 188-203
31. Eckart C, Bunzeck N. Dopamine modulates processing speed in the human mesolimbic system. NeuroImage. 2012 ; 66C: 293-300
32. Farrant M, Nusser Z. Variations on an inhibitory theme: Phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 ; 6: 215-229
33. Fingelkurts AA, Kivisaari R, Pekkonen E, et al. The interplay of lorazepam-induced brain oscillations: Microstructural electromagnetic study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 ; 115: 674-690
34. Fink-Jensen A, Suzdak PD, Swedberg MD, et al. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, increases extracellular brain levels of GABA in awake rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 ; 220: 197-201
35. Fitzgibbon S, Lewis T, Powers D, et al. Surface laplacian of central scalp electrical signals is insensitive to muscle contamination. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2012 ; 60: 4-9
36. Franzen JD, Heinrichs-Graham E, White ML, et al. Atypical coupling between posterior regions of the default mode network in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A pharmaco-magnetoencephalography study. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2013 ; 38: 333-340
37. Franzen JD, Wilson TW. Amphetamines modulate prefrontal gamma oscillations during attention processing. Neuroreport. 2012 ; 23: 731-735
38. Fries P, Scheeringa R, Oostenveld R. Finding gamma. Neuron. 2008 ; 58: 303-305
39. Friston KJ, Harrison L, Penny W. Dynamic causal modelling. NeuroImage. 2003 ; 19: 1273-1302
40. Gaetz W, Edgar JC, Wang DJ, et al. Relating MEG measured motor cortical oscillations to resting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. NeuroImage. 2011 ; 55: 616-621
41. Garrido MI, Barnes GR, Sahani M, et al. Functional evidence for a dual route to amygdala. Curr Biol. 2012 ; 22: 129-134
42. Garrido MI, Kilner JM, Stephan KE, et al. The mismatch negativity: A review of underlying mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 ; 120: 453-463
43. Geddes LA, Baker LE. The specific resistance of biological material-A compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med Biol Eng. 1967 ; 5: 271-293
44. Goncalves S, de Munck JC, Verbunt JP, et al. In vivo measurement of the brain and skull resistivities using an EIT-based method and the combined analysis of SEF/SEP data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2003 ; 50: 1124-1128
45. Gonzalez-Burgos G, Lewis DA. GABA neurons and the mechanisms of network oscillations: Implications for understanding cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2008 ; 34: 944-961
46. Gross J, Baillet S, Barnes GR, et al. Good-practice for conducting and reporting MEG research. NeuroImage. 2013 ; 65: 349-363
47. Gross J, Kujala J, Hamalainen M, et al. Dynamic imaging of coherent sources: Studying neural interactions in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 ; 98: 694-699
48. Hall SD, Barnes GR, Furlong PL, et al. Neuronal network pharmacodynamics of GABAergic modulation in the human cortex determined using pharmaco-magnetoencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010a ; 31: 581-594
49. Hall SD, Stanford IM, Yamawaki N, et al. The role of GABAergic modulation in motor function related neuronal network activity. NeuroImage. 2011 ; 56: 1506-1510
50. Hall SD, Yamawaki N, Fisher AE, et al. GABA(A) alpha-1 subunit mediated desynchronization of elevated low frequency oscillations alleviates specific dysfunction in stroke-A case report. Clin Neurophysiol. 2010b ; 121: 549-555
51. Hamalainen M, Hari R, Ilmoniemi RJ, et al. Magnetoencephalography - theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain. Rev Mod Phys. 1993 ; 65: 413-497
52. Hamalainen MS, Ilmoniemi RJ. Interpreting magnetic-fields of the brain - minimum norm estimates. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1994 ; 32: 35-42
53. Hamalainen MS, Sarvas J. Realistic conductivity geometry model of the human head for interpretation of neuromagnetic data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1989 ; 36: 165-171
54. Hamandi K, Myers J, Muthukumaraswamy S. Tiagabine-induced stupor - more evidence for an encephalopathy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 ; 31: 196-197
55. Hamdy TC Event-Related Potentials: A Methods Handbook. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press ; 2005 :
56. Hari R, Salmelin R. Magnetoencephalography: From SQUIDs to neuroscience. Neuroimage 20th anniversary special edition. NeuroImage. 2012 ; 61: 386-396
57. Heimer L The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide. New York: Springer ; 1994 :
58. Heinrichs-Graham E, Franzen JD, Knott NL, et al. Pharmaco-MEG evidence for attention related hyper-connectivity between auditory and prefrontal cortices in ADHD. Psychiatry Res. 2014 ; 221: 240-245
59. Hillebrand A, Barnes GR. A quantitative assessment of the sensitivity of whole-head MEG to activity in the adult human cortex. NeuroImage. 2002 ; 16: 638-650
60. Huang MX, Mosher JC, Leahy RM. A sensor-weighted overlapping-sphere head model and exhaustive head model comparison for MEG. Phys Med Biol. 1999 ; 44: 423-440
61. Huttunen J, Jaaskelainen IP, Hirvonen J, et al. Scopolamine reduces the P35m and P60m deflections of the human somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. Neuroreport. 2001 ; 12: 619-623
62. Huttunen J, Kähkönen S, Kaakkola S, et al. Effects of an acute D-2-dopaminergic blockade on the somatosensory cortical responses in healthy humans: Evidence from evoked magnetic fields. Neuroreport. 2003 ; 14: 1609-1612
63. Iannetti GD, Wise RG. BOLD functional MRI in disease and pharmacological studies: Room for improvement?. Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 ; 25: 978-988
64. Jaaskelainen IP, Hirvonen J, Huttunen J, et al. Scopolamine enhances middle-latency auditory evoked magnetic fields. Neurosci Lett. 1999 ; 259: 41-44
65. Jensen O, Goel P, Kopell N, et al. On the human sensorimotor-cortex beta rhythm: Sources and modeling. NeuroImage. 2005 ; 26: 347-355
66. Jones EG, Peters A The Cerebral Cortex Series. New York/London: Plenum ; 1986 :
67. Kähkönen S. Magnetoencephalography (MEG): A non-invasive tool for studying cortical effects in psychopharmacology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 ; 9: 367-372
68. Kähkönen S, Ahveninen J, Jaaskelainen IP, et al. Acute tryptophan depletion does not change somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. Psychopharmacology. 2003 ; 170: 332-333
69. Kähkönen S, Ahveninen J, Pekkonen E, et al. Dopamine modulates involuntary attention shifting and reorienting: An electromagnetic study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002a ; 113: 1894-1902
70. Kähkönen S, Ahveninen J, Pekkonen E, et al. No evidence for dependence of early cortical auditory processing on dopamine D-2-receptor modulation: A whole-head magnetoencephalographic study. Psychiat Res Neuroim. 2001 ; 107: 117-123
71. Kähkönen S, Ahveninen J, Pennanen S, et al. Serotonin modulates early cortical auditory processing in healthy subjects: Evidence from MEG with acute tryptophan depletion. europsychopharmacology. 2002b ; 27: 862-868
72. Kähkönen S, Jaaskelainen IP, Pennanen S, et al. Acute tryptophan depletion decreases intensity dependence of auditory evoked magnetic N1/P2 dipole source activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002c ; 164: 221-227
73. Kähkönen S, Marttinen Rossi E, Yamashita H. Alcohol impairs auditory processing of frequency changes and novel sounds: A combined MEG and EEG study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 ; 177: 366-372
74. Kaplan R, Doeller CF, Barnes GR, et al. Movement-related theta rhythm in humans: Coordinating self-directed hippocampal learning. Plos Biology. 2012 ; 10: e1001267
75. Kaufman L, Okada Y, Tripp J, et al. Evoked neuromagnetic fields. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984 ; 425: 722-742
76. Kiebel SJ, Garrido MI, Moran RJ, et al. Dynamic causal modelling for EEG and MEG. Cogn Neurodyn. 2008 ; 2: 121-136
77. Kodaira M, Wasaka T, Motomura E, et al. Effects of acute nicotine on somatosensory change-related cortical responses. Neuroscience. 2013 ; 229: 20-26
78. Korostenskaja M, Kicic D, Kähkönen S. The effect of methylphenidate on auditory information processing in healthy volunteers: A combined EEG/MEG study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 ; 197: 475-486
79. Korostenskaja M, Nikulin VV, Kicic D, et al. Effects of NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on mismatch negativity. Brain Res Bull. 2007 ; 72: 275-283
80. Kovacevic S, Azma S, Irimia A, et al. Theta oscillations are sensitive to both early and late conflict processing stages: Effects of alcohol intoxication. PLoS One. 2012 ; 7: e43957
81. Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Rosburg T, Demme U, et al. Effect of ketamine on the neuromagnetic mismatch field in healthy humans. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2001 ; 12: 109-116
82. Litvak V, Eusebio A, Jha A, et al. Movement-related changes in local and long-range synchronization in Parkinson's disease revealed by simultaneous magnetoencephalography and intracranial recordings. Journal of Neuroscience. 2012 ; 32: 10541-10553
83. Litvak V, Jha A, Eusebio A, et al. Resting oscillatory cortico-subthalamic connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2011 ; 134: 359-374
84. Lopes da, Silva F Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography. 2011 ) Biophysical aspects of EEG and magnetoencephalogram generation. In: SchomerDL andLopesdaSilvaF (eds) Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography. 6th Edition ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp.91-110. Schomer DL and Lopes da Silva F, ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins ; 2011: 91-110.
85. Lorento de No R. Action potential of the motoneurons of the hypoglossal nucleus. J Cell Comp Physiol. 1947 ; 29: 207-287
86. Lu ZL, Williamson SJ. Spatial extent of coherent sensory-evoked cortical activity. Exp Brain Res. 1991 ; 84: 411-416
87. Marinkovic K, Rosen BQ, Cox B, et al. Spatio-temporal processing of words and nonwords: Hemispheric laterality and acute alcohol intoxication. Brain Res. 2014 ; 1558: 18-32
88. Marinkovic K, Rosen BQ, Cox B, et al. Event-related theta power during lexical-semantic retrieval and decision conflict is modulated by alcohol intoxication: Anatomically constrained MEG. Front Psychol. 2012 ; 3: 121
89. Markram H, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, et al. Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 ; 5: 793-807
90. Mills T, Lalancette M, Moses SN, et al. Techniques for detection and localization of weak hippocampal and medial frontal sources using beamformers in MEG. Brain Topogr. 2012 ; 25: 248-263
91. Moran RJ, Symmonds M, Stephan KE, et al. An in vivo assayof synaptic function mediating human cognition. Curr Biol. 2011 ; 21: 1320-1325
92. Moses SN, Houck JM, Martin T, et al. Dynamic neural activity recorded from human amygdala during fear conditioning using magnetoencephalography. Brain Res Bull. 2007 ; 71: 452-460
93. Mosher JC, Leahy RM, Lewis PS. EEG and MEG: Forward solutions for inverse methods. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1999 ; 46: 245-259
94. Murakami S, Okada Y. Contributions of principal neocortical neurons to magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography signals. J Physiol. 2006 ; 575: 925-936
95. Muthukumaraswamy S, Singh K. Visual gamma oscillations: The effects of stimulus type, visual field coverage and stimulus motion on MEG and EEG recordings. NeuroImage. 2013 ; 69: 223-230
96. Muthukumaraswamy SD, Carhart-Harris RL, Moran RJ, et al. Broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state. J Neurosci. 2013a ; 33: 15171-15183
97. Muthukumaraswamy SD, Edden RAE, Jones DK, et al. Resting GABA concentration predicts peak gamma frequency and fMRI amplitude in response to visual stimulation in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 ; 106: 8356-8361
98. Muthukumaraswamy SD, Myers JF, Wilson SJ, et al. The effects of elevated endogenous GABA levels on movement-related network oscillations. NeuroImage. 2013b ; 66: 36-41
99. Muthukumaraswamy SD, Myers JFM, Wilson SJ, et al. Elevating endogenous GABA levels with GAT-1 blockade modulates evoked but not induced responses in human visual cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013c ; 38: 1105-1112
100. Myers JF, Evans CJ, Kalk NJ, et al. Measurement of GABA using J-difference edited 1 H-MRS following modulation of synaptic GABA concentration with tiagabine. Synapse. 2014 ; 68: 355-362
101. Nikulin VV, Nikulina AV, Yamashita H, et al. Effects of alcohol on spontaneous neuronal oscillations: A combined magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005 ; 29: 687-693
102. Nunez PL, Srinivassan R Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. 2006 ) Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG (2nd Ed). New York: Oxford University Press. New York: Oxford University Press ; 2006 :
103. Okada YC, Lahteenmaki A, Xu CB. Experimental analysis of distortion of magnetoencephalography signals by the skull. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 ; 110: 230-238
104. Oostenveld R, Fries P, Maris E, et al. FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2011 ; 2011: 156869
105. Osipova D, Ahveninen J, Kaakkola S, et al. Effects of scopolamine on MEG spectral power and coherence in elderly subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 ; 114: 1902-1907
106. Otsuru N, Tsuruhara A, Motomura E, et al. Effects of acute nicotine on auditory change-related cortical responses. Psychopharmacology. 2012 ; 224: 327-335
107. Paterson LM, Kornum BR, Nutt DJ, et al. 5-HT radioligands for human brain imaging with PET and SPECT. Med Res Rev. 2013 ; 33: 54-111
108. Pekkonen E, Hirvonen J, Ahveninen J, et al. Memory-based comparison process not attenuated by haloperidol: a combined MEG and EEG study. Neuroreport. 2002 ; 13: 177-181
109. Pekkonen E, Hirvonen J, Jaaskelainen IP, et al. Auditory sensory memory and the cholinergic system: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. NeuroImage. 2001 ; 14: 376-382
110. Petroff OA, Hyder F, Collins T, et al. Vigabatrin increases brain GABA within one hour. Epilepsia. 1999 ; 40: 146-146
111. Quaedflieg CW, Munte S, Kalso E, et al. Effects of remifentanil on processing of auditory stimuli: A combined MEG/EEG study. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 ; 28: 39-48
112. Quraan MA, Moses SN, Hung Y, et al. Detection and localization of hippocampal activity using beamformers with MEG: A detailed investigation using simulations and empirical data. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011 ; 32: 812-827
113. Ramon y CajalS (1899). Comparative study of the sensory areas of the human cortex. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/ comparativestud00cajagoog (accessed 26 May 2014).
114. Rinne T, Alho K, Ilmoniemi RJ, et al. Separate time behaviors of the temporal and frontal mismatch negativity sources. NeuroImage. 2000 ; 12: 14-19
115. Robinson SE, Vrba J Recent Advances in Biomagnetism. Yoshimoto T Kotani M Kuriki S, ed. Sendai: Tohoku University Press ; 1999: 302-305.
116. Ronnqvist KC, McAllister CJ, Woodhall GL, et al. A multimodal perspective on the composition of cortical oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 ; 7: 132
117. Rosen BQ, O'Hara R, Kovacevic S, et al. Oscillatory spatial profile of alcohol's effects on the resting state: Anatomically-constrained MEG. Alcohol. 2014 ; 48: 89-97
118. Rowland LM, Bustillo JR, Mullins PG, et al. Effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate glutamate metabolism in healthy humans: A 4-T proton MRS study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 ; 162: 394-396
119. Saletu B, Anderer P, Kinsperger K, et al. Topographic brain mapping of EEG in neuropsychopharmacology. 2. Clinical-applications (Pharmaco EEG Imaging). Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1987 ; 9: 385-408
120. Salvadore G, Cornwell BR, Colon-Rosario V, et al. Increased anterior cingulate cortical activity in response to fearful faces: A neurophysiological biomarker that predicts rapid antidepressant response to ketamine. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 ; 65: 289-295
121. Salvadore G, Cornwell BR, Sambataro F, et al. Anterior cingulate desynchronization and functional connectivity with the amygdala during a working memory task predict rapid antidepressant response to ketamine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 ; 35: 1415-1422
122. Sarvas J. Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the biomagnetic inverse problem. Phys Med Biol. 1987 ; 32: 11-22
123. Saxena N, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Diukova A, et al. Enhanced stimulus-induced gamma activity in humans during propofol-induced sedation. PLoS One. 2013 ; 8: e57685
124. Schomer DL, Lopes da, Silva F Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography. 2012 ) Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography. 6th ed.Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; 2012 :
125. Shah VK, Wakai RT. A compact, high performance atomic magnetometer for biomedical applications. Phys Med Biol. 2013 ; 58: 8153-8161
126. Singh K Methods in Mind. 2009 ) Magnetoencephalography. In: SeniorCRussellTGazzanigaM (eds) Methods in Mind (1st Ed). Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, pp. 291-326. Senior C Russell T Gazzaniga M, ed. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press ; 2009: 291-326.
127. Sik A, Penttonen M, Ylinen A, et al. Hippocampal CA1 interneurons: An in vivo intracellular labeling study. J Neurosci. 1995 ; 15: 6651-6665
128. Singh KD. Which "neural activity" do you mean? fMRI, MEG, oscillations and neurotransmitters. NeuroImage. 2012 ; 62: 1121-1130
129. Smith SM, Fox PT, Miller KL, et al. Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 ; 106: 13040-13045
130. Stam CJ, van Dijk BW. Synchronization likelihood: An unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets. Physica D. 2002 ; 163: 236-251
131. Stoffers D, Bosboom JLW, Deijen JB, et al. Slowing of oscillatory brain activity is a stable characteristic of Parkinson's disease without dementia. Brain. 2007 ; 130: 1847-1860
132. Stoffers D, Bosboom JLW, Wolters EC, et al. Dopaminergic modulation of cortico-cortical functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease: An MEG study. Exp Neurol. 2008 ; 213: 191-195
133. Stokes MG, Chambers CD, Gould IC, et al. Simple metric for scaling motor threshold based on scalp-cortex distance: Application to studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 2005 ; 94: 4520-4527
134. Stone JM, Dietrich C, Edden R, et al. Ketamine effects on brain GABA and glutamate levels with 1H-MRS: Relationship to ketamine- induced psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 ; 17: 664-665
135. Taulu S, Simola J. Spatiotemporal signal space separation method for rejecting nearby interference in MEG measurements. Phys Med Biol. 2006 ; 51: 1759-1768
136. Thomson AJ, Nimmo AF, Tiplady B, et al. Evaluation of a new method of assessing depth of sedation using two-choice visual reaction time testing on a mobile phone. Anaesthesia. 2009 ; 64: 32-38
137. Todd J, Harms L, Schall U, et al. Mismatch negativity: Translating the potential. Front Psychiatry. 2013 ; 4: 171
138. Van Veen BD, van Drongelen W, Yuchtman M, et al. Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1997 ; 44: 867-880
139. Vrba J, Betts K, Burbank M, et al. Whole cortex, 64 channel squid biomagnetometer system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercon. 1993 ; 3: 1878-1882
140. Vrba J, Robinson SE. Signal processing in magnetoencephalography. Methods. 2001 ; 25: 249-271
141. Whitham EM, Lewis T, Pope KJ, et al. Thinking activates EMG in scalp electrical recordings. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 ; 119: 1166-1175
142. Whitham EM, Pope KJ, Fitzgibbon SP, et al. Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: Quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20 Hz are contaminated by EMG. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 ; 118: 1877-1888
143. Wilson HR, Cowan JD. Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons. Biophys J. 1972 ; 12: 1-24
144. Wilson TW, Franzen JD, Heinrichs-Graham E, et al. Broadband neurophysiological abnormalities in the medial prefrontal region of the default-mode network in adults with ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013 ; 34: 566-574
145. Zilles K The Human Nervous System. Paxinos G, ed. San Diego: Academic Press Inc ; 1990: 757-802.