Blood biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Myth or reality?

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Robelin, Laura ^a,b   Gonzalez De Aguilar, Jose Luis ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^b INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; EXCITOTOXICITY; HUMAN; METABOLIC DISORDER; NERVE DEGENERATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; BLOOD; DISEASE COURSE; METABOLISM; MOTONEURON;

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; MOTOR NEURONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

EID: 84903643283     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/525097     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. Gordon P. H., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update for 2013 clinical features, pathophysiology, management and therapeutic trials. Aging and Disease 2013 4 295 310
2. Robberecht W., Philips T., The changing scene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2013 14 4 248 264 2-s2.0-84875441083 10.1038/nrn3430
3. DeJesus-Hernandez M., Mackenzie I. R., Boeve B. F., Boxer A. L., Baker M., Rutherford N. J., Nicholson A. M., Finch N. A., Flynn H., Adamson J., Kouri N., Wojtas A., Sengdy P., Hsiung G.-Y. R., Karydas A., Seeley W. W., Josephs K. A., Coppola G., Geschwind D. H., Wszolek Z. K., Feldman H., Knopman D. S., Petersen R. C., Miller B. L., Dickson D. W., Boylan K. B., Graff-Radford N. R., Rademakers R., Expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in noncoding region of C9ORF72 causes chromosome 9p-linked FTD and ALS. Neuron 2011 72 2 245 256 2-s2.0-80054832080 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.011
4. Rosen D. R., Siddique T., Patterson D., Figlewicz D. A., Sapp P., Hentati A., Donaldson D., Goto J., O'Regan J. P., Deng H.-X., Rahmani Z., Krizus A., McKenna-Yasek D., Cayabyab A., Gaston S. M., Berger R., Tanzi R. E., Halperin J. J., Herzfeldt B., Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 1993 362 6415 59 62 2-s2.0-0027401203 10.1038/362059a0 (Pubitemid 23087289)
5. Kwiatkowski T. J. Jr., Bosco D. A., LeClerc A. L., Tamrazian E., Vanderburg C. R., Russ C., Davis A., Gilchrist J., Kasarskis E. J., Munsat T., Valdmanis P., Rouleau G. A., Hosler B. A., Cortelli P., De Jong P. J., Yoshinaga Y., Haines J. L., Pericak-Vance M. A., Yan J., Ticozzi N., Siddique T., McKenna-Yasek D., Sapp P. C., Horvitz H. R., Landers J. E., Brown R. H. Jr., Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 2009 323 5918 1205 1208 2-s2.0-61349156118 10.1126/science.1166066
6. Sreedharan J., Blair I. P., Tripathi V. B., Hu X., Vance C., Rogelj B., Ackerley S., Durnall J. C., Williams K. L., Buratti E., Baralle F., De Belleroche J., Mitchell J. D., Leigh P. N., Al-Chalabi A., Miller C. C., Nicholson G., Shaw C. E., TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 2008 319 5870 1668 1672 2-s2.0-41149180753 10.1126/science.1154584 (Pubitemid 351432505)
7. Bogaert E., D'Ydewalle C., van den Bosch L., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and excitotoxicity: from pathological mechanism to therapeutic target. CNS and Neurological Disorders. Drug Targets 2010 9 3 297 304 2-s2.0-77954317769
8. Barber S. C., Shaw P. J., Oxidative stress in ALS: key role in motor neuron injury and therapeutic target. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2010 48 5 629 641 2-s2.0-75149155060 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.018
9. Blokhuis A. M., Groen E. J. N., Koppers M., van den Berg L. H., Pasterkamp R. J., Protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathologica 2013 125 777 794 2-s2.0-84877612781 10.1007/s00401-013-1125-6
10. Fischer-Hayes L. R., Brotherton T., Glass J. D., Axonal degeneration in the peripheral nervous system: implications for the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Experimental Neurology 2013 246 6 13
11. Cozzolino M., Carrì M. T., Mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. Progress in Neurobiology 2012 97 2 54 66 2-s2.0-84860650335 10.1016/j.pneurobio. 2011.06.003
12. Ling S. C., Polymenidou M., Cleveland D. W., Converging mechanisms in ALS and FTD: disrupted RNA and protein homeostasis. Neuron 2013 79 416 438
13. Vargas M. R., Johnson J. A., Astrogliosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role and therapeutic potential of astrocytes. Neurotherapeutics 2010 7 4 471 481 2-s2.0-77957056987 10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.012
14. Philips T., Robberecht W., Neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role of glial activation in motor neuron disease. The Lancet Neurology 2011 10 3 253 263 2-s2.0-79951704433 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70015-1
15. Dupuis L., Gonzalez de Aguilar J.-L., Echaniz-Laguna A., Eschbach J., Rene F., Oudart H., Halter B., Huze C., Schaeffer L., Bouillaud F., Loeffler J.-P., Muscle mitochondrial uncoupling dismantles neuromuscular junction and triggers distal degeneration of motor neurons. PLoS ONE 2009 4 4 2-s2.0-65549128133 10.1371/journal.pone.0005390 e5390
16. Boyer J. G., Ferrier A., Kothary R., More than a bystander: the contributions of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects in motor neuron diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 2013 4, article 356
17. Dupuis L., Pradat P.-F., Ludolph A. C., Loeffler J.-P., Energy metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology 2011 10 1 75 82 2-s2.0-78650023926 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70224-6
18. Radunović A., Mitsumoto H., Leigh P. N., Clinical care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology 2007 6 10 913 925 2-s2.0-34548777456 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70244-2 (Pubitemid 47422248)
19. Ryberg H., Bowser R., Protein biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Review of Proteomics 2008 5 2 249 262 2-s2.0-43449137299 10.1586/14789450.5.2.249 (Pubitemid 351670929)
20. Turner M. R., Kiernan M. C., Leigh P. N., Talbot K., Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology 2009 8 1 94 109 2-s2.0-57149120501 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70293-X
21. Joyce N. C., Carter G. T., Electrodiagnosis in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PM & R 2013 5, supplement 5 S89 S95
22. Rashidipour O., Chan K. M., Motor unit number estimation in neuromuscular disease. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2008 35 2 153 159 2-s2.0-45149085569 (Pubitemid 351831050)
23. Nandedkar S. D., Barkhaus P. E., Stålberg E. V., Reproducibility of munix in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle and Nerve 2011 44 6 919 922 2-s2.0-81555224249 10.1002/mus.22204
24. Henderson R. D., Ridall P. G., Hutchinson N. M., Pettitt A. N., McCombe P. A., Bayesian statistical mune method. Muscle and Nerve 2007 36 2 206 213 2-s2.0-34547659069 10.1002/mus.20805 (Pubitemid 47221858)
25. Rutkove S. B., Zhang H., Schoenfeld D. A., Raynor E. M., Shefner J. M., Cudkowicz M. E., Chin A. B., Aaron R., Shiffman C. A., Electrical impedance myography to assess outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials. Clinical Neurophysiology 2007 118 11 2413 2418 2-s2.0-35148849247 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.08.004 (Pubitemid 47539264)
26. Vucic S., Ziemann U., Eisen A., Hallett M., Kiernan M. C., Transcranial magnetic stimulation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathophysiological insights. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2013 84 1161 1170 2-s2.0-84871362772 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304019
27. Turner M. R., Agosta F., Bede P., Govind V., Lulé D., Verstraete E., Neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biomarkers in Medicine 2012 6 3 319 337 2-s2.0-84862889813 10.2217/bmm.12.26
28. Foerster B. R., Welsh R. C., Feldman E. L., 25 years of neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature Reviews Neurology 2013 9 513 524
29. Bede P., Hardiman O., Lessons of ALS imaging: pitfalls and future directions-a critical review. NeuroImage: Clinical 2014 4 436 443
30. Jokic N., Gonzalez De Aguilar J.-L., Pradat P.-F., Dupuis L., Echaniz-Laguna A., Muller A., Dubourg O., Seilhean D., Hauw J.-J., Loeffler J.-P., Meininger V., Nogo expression in muscle correlates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity. Annals of Neurology 2005 57 4 553 556 2-s2.0-20144389664 10.1002/ana.20420 (Pubitemid 40471166)
31. Pradat P.-F., Dubourg O., de Tapia M., di Scala F., Dupuis L., Lenglet T., Bruneteau G., Salachas F., Lacomblez L., Corvol J.-C., Demougin P., Primig M., Meininger V., Loeffler J.-P., Gonzalez De Aguilar J.-L., Muscle gene expression is a marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity. Neurodegenerative Diseases 2011 9 1 38 52 2-s2.0-80055053362 10.1159/000329723
32. Tarasiuk J., Kułakowska A., Drozdowski W., Kornhuber J., Lewczuk P., CSF markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neural Transmission 2012 119 7 747 757 2-s2.0-84863462965 10.1007/s00702-012-0806-y
33. Ferrarese C., Sala G., Riva R., Begni B., Zoia C., Tremolizzo L., Galimberti G., Millul A., Bastone A., Mennini T., Balzarini C., Frattola L., Beghi E., Micheli A., Moretto G., Caponnetto C., Ceroni M., Alimonti D., Siciliano G., Pastorini E., Bonomi M., Carvelli L., Decreased platelet glutamate uptake in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 2001 56 2 270 272 2-s2.0-0035936606 (Pubitemid 32095377)
34. Poulopoulou C., Davaki P., Koliaraki V., Kolovou D., Markakis I., Vassilopoulos D., Reduced expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2mRNA in T cells of ALS patients. Annals of Neurology 2005 58 6 946 949 2-s2.0-28544440970 10.1002/ana.20675 (Pubitemid 41746885)
35. Spreux-Varoquaux O., Bensimon G., Lacomblez L., Salachas F., Pradat P. F., Le Forestier N., Marouan A., Dib M., Meininger V., Glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a reappraisal using a new HPLC method with coulometric detection in a large cohort of patients. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2002 193 2 73 78 2-s2.0-0037081113 10.1016/S0022-510X(01)00661-X (Pubitemid 34098937)
36. Zoccolella S., Simone I. L., Lamberti P., Samarelli V., Tortelli R., Serlenga L., Logroscino G., Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 2008 70 3 222 225 2-s2.0-38149038841 10.1212/01.wnl.0000297193.53986.6f
37. Valentino F., Bivona G., Butera D., Paladino P., Fazzari M., Piccoli T., Ciaccio M., La Bella V., Elevated cerebrospinal fluid and plasma homocysteine levels in ALS. European Journal of Neurology 2010 17 1 84 89 2-s2.0-73449121943 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02752.x
38. Babu G. N., Kumar A., Chandra R., Puri S. K., Singh R. L., Kalita J., Misra U. K., Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the erythrocytes of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients correlates with the progression of disease. Neurochemistry International 2008 52 6 1284 1289 2-s2.0-40949149410 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.01.009
39. Cova E., Bongioanni P., Cereda C., Metelli M. R., Salvaneschi L., Bernuzzi S., Guareschi S., Rossi B., Ceroni M., Time course of oxidant markers and antioxidant defenses in subgroups of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurochemistry International 2010 56 5 687 693 2-s2.0-77949569546 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.004
40. Tuncel D., Aydin N., Aribal Kocatürk P., Özelçi Kavas G., Sarikaya S., Red cell superoxide dismutase activity in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2006 13 10 991 994 2-s2.0-33750987912 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.10.019 (Pubitemid 44750687)
41. Boll M.-C., Alcaraz-Zubeldia M., Montes S., Murillo-Bonilla L., Rios C., Raised nitrate concentration and low SOD activity in the CSF of sporadic ALS patients. Neurochemical Research 2003 28 5 699 703 2-s2.0-0037403787 10.1023/A:1022853531855 (Pubitemid 36438382)
42. Kokić A. N., Stević Z., Stojanović S., Blagojević D. P., Jones D. R., Pavlović S., Niketić V., Apostolski S., Spasić M. B., Biotransformation of nitric oxide in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Redox Report 2005 10 5 265 270 2-s2.0-33646711195 10.1179/135100005X70242 (Pubitemid 44111133)
43. Iłzecka J., Total antioxidant status is increased in the serum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2003 63 4 297 302 2-s2.0-0042232471 10.1080/00365510308541 (Pubitemid 36999997)
44. Keizman D., Ish-Shalom M., Berliner S., Maimon N., Vered Y., Artamonov I., Tsehori J., Nefussy B., Drory V. E., Low uric acid levels in serum of patients with ALS: further evidence for oxidative stress? Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2009 285 1-2 95 99 2-s2.0-69549116245 10.1016/j.jns.2009. 06.002
45. Bogdanov M., Brown R. H. Jr., Matson W., Smart R., Hayden D., O'Donnell H., Flint Beal M., Cudkowicz M., Increased oxidative damage to DNA in ALS patients. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2000 29 7 652 658 2-s2.0-0033807443 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00349-X
46. Ihara Y., Nobukuni K., Takata H., Hayabara T., Oxidative stress and metal content in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with and without a Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase mutation. Neurological Research 2005 27 1 105 108 2-s2.0-13244275028 10.1179/016164105X18430 (Pubitemid 40189615)
47. Iłzecka J., Prostaglandin E2 is increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2003 108 2 125 129 2-s2.0-0042168943 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00102.x (Pubitemid 36920662)
48. Simpson E. P., Henry Y. K., Henkel J. S., Smith R. G., Appel S. H., Increased lipid peroxidation in sera of ALS patients: a potential biomarker of disease burden. Neurology 2004 62 10 1758 1765 2-s2.0-2442701519 (Pubitemid 38661731)
49. Babu G. N., Kumar A., Chandra R., Puri S. K., Kalita J., Misra U. K., Elevated inflammatory markers in a group of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from northern India. Neurochemical Research 2008 33 6 1145 1149 2-s2.0-42149154856 10.1007/s11064-007-9564-x
50. Mitchell R. M., Simmons Z., Beard J. L., Stephens H. E., Connor J. R., Plasma biomarkers associated with ALS and their relationship to iron homeostasis. Muscle and Nerve 2010 42 1 95 103 2-s2.0-77954129033 10.1002/mus.21625
51. Zhang R., Gascon R., Miller R. G., Gelinas D. F., Mass J., Lancero M., Narvaez A., McGrath M. S., MCP-1 chemokine receptor CCR2 is decreased on circulating monocytes in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS). Journal of Neuroimmunology 2006 179 1-2 87 93 2-s2.0-33749150137 10.1016/j.jneuroim. 2006.06.008 (Pubitemid 44468128)
52. Mantovani S., Garbelli S., Pasini A., Alimonti D., Perotti C., Melazzini M., Bendotti C., Mora G., Immune system alterations in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients suggest an ongoing neuroinflammatory process. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2009 210 1-2 73 79 2-s2.0-67349139435 10.1016/j.jneuroim. 2009.02.012
53. Gupta P. K., Prabhakar S., Sharma N. K., Anand A., Possible association between expression of chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients of North India. PLoS ONE 2012 7 6 2-s2.0-84862001946 10.1371/journal.pone.0038382 e38382
54. Schubert W., Schwan H., Detection by 4-parameter microscopic imaging and increase of rare mononuclear blood leukocyte types expressing the Fc γ RIII receptor (CD16) for immunoglobulin G in human sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuroscience Letters 1995 198 1 29 32 2-s2.0-0029151134 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11956-W
55. Rentzos M., Evangelopoulos E., Sereti E., Zouvelou V., Marmara S., Alexakis T., Evdokimidis I., Alterations of T cell subsets in ALS: a systemic immune activation? Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2012 125 4 260 264 2-s2.0-84858278403 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01528.x
56. Ikeda J., Kohriyama T., Nakamura S., Elevation of serum soluble E-selectin and antisulfoglucuronyl paragloboside antibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology 2000 7 5 541 547 2-s2.0-0034440170 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00114.x (Pubitemid 32530116)
57. Liu G. T., Hwang C. S., Hsieh C. H., Lu C. H., Chang S. L., Lee J. C., Huang C. F., Chang H. T., Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is elevated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mediators of Inflammation 2013 2013 7 421389 10.1155/2013/421389
58. Kuhle J., Lindberg R. L. P., Regeniter A., Mehling M., Steck A. J., Kappos L., Czaplinski A., Increased levels of inflammatory chemokines in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology 2009 16 6 771 774 2-s2.0-65449167187 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02560.x
59. Ilzecka J., Granzymes A and B levels in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical Biochemistry 2011 44 8-9 650 653 2-s2.0-79955803720 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.02.006
60. Hwang C. S., Liu G. T., Chang M. D., Liao I. L., Chang H. T., Elevated serum autoantibody against high mobility group box 1 as a potent surrogate biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiology of Disease 2013 58 13 18
61. Moreau C., Devos D., Brunaud-Danel V., Defebvre L., Perez T., Destée A., Tonnel A. B., Lassalle P., Just N., Elevated IL-6 and TNF- α levels in patients with ALS: inflammation or hypoxia? Neurology 2005 65 12 1958 1960 2-s2.0-33645747484 10.1212/01.wnl.0000188907.97339.76 (Pubitemid 43970118)
62. Baron P., Bussini S., Cardin V., Corbo M., Conti G., Galimberti D., Scarpini E., Bresolin N., Wharton S. B., Shaw P. J., Silani V., Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle and Nerve 2005 32 4 541 544 2-s2.0-25844496913 10.1002/mus.20376 (Pubitemid 41395989)
63. Keizman D., Rogowski O., Berliner S., Ish-Shalom M., Maimon N., Nefussy B., Artamonov I., Drory V. E., Low-grade systemic inflammation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2009 119 6 383 389 2-s2.0-65649135839 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01112.x
64. Iłzecka J., Serum soluble OX40 in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Clinica Croatica 2012 51 1 3 7 2-s2.0-84868667056
65. Beers D. R., Henkel J. S., Zhao W., Wang J., Huang A., Wen S., Liao B., Appel S. H., Endogenous regulatory T lymphocytes ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice and correlate with disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2011 134 5 1293 1314 2-s2.0-79957528028 10.1093/brain/awr074
66. Iłzecka J., Serum-soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2009 120 2 119 122 2-s2.0-67651227458 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008. 01133.x
67. Cereda C., Baiocchi C., Bongioanni P., Cova E., Guareschi S., Metelli M. R., Rossi B., Sbalsi I., Cuccia M. C., Ceroni M., TNF and sTNFR1/2 plasma levels in ALS patients. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2008 194 1-2 123 131 2-s2.0-39849105705 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.028
68. Iłzecka J., Decreased serum-soluble TRAIL levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2008 117 5 343 346 2-s2.0-41849101398 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00947.x (Pubitemid 351503325)
69. Cronin S., Greenway M. J., Ennis S., Kieran D., Green A., Prehn J. H. M., Hardiman O., Elevated serum angiogenin levels in ALS. Neurology 2006 67 10 1833 1836 2-s2.0-33845432230 10.1212/01.wnl.0000244466.46020.47 (Pubitemid 44900762)
70. Lacomblez L., Doppler V., Beucler I., Costes G., Salachas F., Raisonnier A., Le Forestier N., Pradat P.-F., Bruckert E., Meininger V., APOE: a potential marker of disease progression in ALS. Neurology 2002 58 7 1112 1114 2-s2.0-0037046183 (Pubitemid 34298558)
71. Iłzecka J., Increased serum CNTF level in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Cytokine Network 2003 14 3 192 194 2-s2.0-0141922963 (Pubitemid 37249241)
72. Iłzecka J., Stelmasiak Z., Creatine kinase activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurological Sciences 2003 24 4 286 287 2-s2.0-17644440780 10.1007/s10072-003-0158-3 (Pubitemid 37493189)
73. Iłzecka J., Decreased serum endoglin level in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a preliminary report. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2008 68 4 348 351 2-s2.0-46949083065 10.1080/00365510701604628 (Pubitemid 351962411)
74. Hosback S., Hardiman O., Nolan C. M., Doyle M. A. C., Gorman G., Lynch C., O'Toole O., Jakeman P., Circulating insulin-like growth factors and related binding proteins are selectively altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Growth Hormone and IGF Research 2007 17 6 472 479 2-s2.0-35848932533 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.06.002 (Pubitemid 350056416)
75. Dupuis L., Corcia P., Fergani A., Gonzalez De Aguilar J.-L., Bonnefont-Rousselot D., Bittar R., Seilhean D., Hauw J.-J., Lacomblez L., Loeffler J.-P., Meininger V., Dyslipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 2008 70 13 1004 1009 2-s2.0-41349122697 10.1212/01.wnl.0000285080.70324.27 (Pubitemid 351451324)
76. Simone I. L., Ruggieri M., Tortelli R., Ceci E., D'Errico E., Leo A., Zoccolella S., Mastrapasqua M., Capozzo R., Livrea P., Logroscino G., Serum N-acetylaspartate level in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 2011 68 10 1308 1312 2-s2.0-80855144994 10.1001/archneurol.2011.217
77. Fujita K., Honda M., Hayashi R., Ogawa K., Ando M., Yamauchi M., Nagata Y., Transglutaminase activity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible use as an indicator of extent of the motor neuron loss. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998 158 1 53 57 2-s2.0-0032507891 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00088-4 (Pubitemid 28277535)
78. Wilms H., Sievers J., Dengler R., Bufler J., Deuschl G., Lucius R., Intrathecal synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: further evidence for microglial activation in neurodegeneration. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2003 144 1-2 139 142 2-s2.0-0142226956 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.08.042 (Pubitemid 37329939)
79. Jawaid A., Poon M., Strutt A. M., Rice L. K., Mcdowell E. J., Salamone A. R., Qureshi S. U., Simpson E., Appel S. H., York M. K., Schulz P. E., Does apolipoprotein E genotype modify the clinical expression of ALS? European Journal of Neurology 2011 18 4 618 624 2-s2.0-79952725883 10.1111/j.1468-1331. 2010.03225.x
80. Anand A., Thakur K., Gupta P. K., ALS and oxidative stress: the neurovascular scenario. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 2013 14 635831 10.1155/2013/635831
81. González De Aguilar J.-L., Gordon J. W., René F., de Tapia M., Lutz-Bucher B., Gaiddon C., Loeffler J.-P., Alteration of the Bcl-x/Bax ratio in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence for the implication of the p53 signaling pathway. Neurobiology of Disease 2000 7 4 406 415 2-s2.0-0033826143 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0295
82. Ilzecka J., Stelmasiak Z., Dobosz B., Interleukin-1 β converting enzyme/Caspase-1 (ICE/Caspase-1) and soluble APO-1/Fas/CD 95 receptor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2001 103 4 255 258 2-s2.0-0034744513 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2001.103004255.x (Pubitemid 32304264)
83. Iłzecka J., Serum caspase-9 levels are increased in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurological Sciences 2012 33 4 825 829 2-s2.0-84863990032 10.1007/s10072-011-0837-4
84. Sengun I. S., Appel S. H., Serum anti-Fas antibody levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2003 142 1-2 137 140 2-s2.0-0642279126 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00263-7 (Pubitemid 38368596)
85. Wilson M. E., Boumaza I., Lacomis D., Bowser R., Cystatin C: a candidate biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS ONE 2010 5 12 2-s2.0-78650087291 10.1371/journal.pone.0015133 e15133
86. Gaiottino J., Norgren N., Dobson R., Increased neurofilament light chain blood levels in neurodegenerative neurological diseases. PLoS ONE 2013 8 e75091
87. Tortelli R., Ruggieri M., Cortese R., D'Errico E., Capozzo R., Leo A., Mastrapasqua M., Zoccolella S., Leante R., Livrea P., Logroscino G., Simone I. L., Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible marker of disease severity and progression. European Journal of Neurology 2012 19 12 1561 1567 2-s2.0-84869498484 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03777.x
88. Ganesalingam J., An J., Shaw C. E., Shaw G., Lacomis D., Bowser R., Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS. Journal of Neurochemistry 2011 117 3 528 537 2-s2.0-79954414960 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07224.x
89. Boylan K. B., Glass J. D., Crook J. E., Yang C., Thomas C. S., Desaro P., Johnston A., Overstreet K., Kelly C., Polak M., Shaw G., Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in peripheral blood and CSF as a potential prognostic biomarker in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2013 84 4 467 472 2-s2.0-84875225946 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303768
90. Brettschneider J., Petzold A., Süßmuth S. D., Ludolph A. C., Tumani H., Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS. Neurology 2006 66 6 852 856 2-s2.0-33645800776 10.1212/01.wnl.0000203120.85850. 54 (Pubitemid 43739759)
91. Ganesalingam J., An J., Bowser R., Andersen P. M., Shaw C. E., PNfH is a promising biomarker for ALS. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 2013 14 2 146 149 2-s2.0-84875467176 10.3109/21678421.2012.729596
92. Otto M., Bahn E., Wiltfang J., Boekhoff I., Beuche W., Decrease of S100 beta protein in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience Letters 1998 240 3 171 173 2-s2.0-0032535979 10.1016/S0304-3940(97) 00947-6 (Pubitemid 28079049)
93. Süssmuth S. D., Tumani H., Ecker D., Ludolph A. C., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: disease stage related changes of tau protein and S100 beta in cerebrospinal fluid and creatine kinase in serum. Neuroscience Letters 2003 353 1 57 60 2-s2.0-17544398505 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.018 (Pubitemid 37464619)
94. Belzil V. V., Bauer P. O., Prudencio M., Reduced C9orf72 gene expression in c9FTD/ALS is caused by histone trimethylation, an epigenetic event detectable in blood. Acta Neuropathologica 2013 126 895 905
95. Ilzecka J., EMMPRIN levels in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2011 124 6 424 428 2-s2.0-80054934044 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01519.x
96. Ono S., Imai T., Shimizu N., Nakayama M., Yamano T., Tsumura M., Serum markers of type I collagen synthesis and degradation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Neurology 2000 44 1 49 56 2-s2.0-0033934650 (Pubitemid 30456793)
97. Fang F., Kwee L. C., Allen K. D., Umbach D. M., Ye W., Watson M., Keller J., Oddone E. Z., Sandler D. P., Schmidt S., Kamel F., Association between blood lead and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. American Journal of Epidemiology 2010 171 10 1126 1133 2-s2.0-77952400682 10.1093/aje/kwq063
98. Sokolowska B., Jozwik A., Niebroj-Dobosz I., Janik P., Kwiecinski H., Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with pattern recognition methods. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2009 60 117 120 2-s2.0-77955015789
99. Beuche W., Yushchenko M., Mäder M., Maliszewska M., Felgenhauer K., Weber F., Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NeuroReport 2000 11 16 3419 3422 2-s2.0-0034626855
100. de Marco G., Lupino E., Calvo A., Moglia C., Buccinnà B., Grifoni S., Ramondetti C., Lomartire A., Rinaudo M. T., Piccinini M., Giordana M. T., Chiò A., Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in circulating lymphomonocytes of ALS patients with and without TARDBP mutations. Acta Neuropathologica 2011 121 5 611 622 2-s2.0-79958141527 10.1007/s00401-010-0786-7
101. Verstraete E., Kuiperij H. B., Van Blitterswijk M. M., Veldink J. H., Schelhaas H. J., Van Den Berg L. H., Verbeek M. M., TDP-43 plasma levels are higher in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 2012 13 5 446 451 2-s2.0-84865337487 10.3109/17482968.2012.703208
102. Houi K., Kobayashi T., Kato S., Mochio S., Inoue K., Serum type IV collagen increases with duration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle & Nerve 2000 23 430 432 (Pubitemid 30126990)
103. Niebroj-Dobosz I., Janik P., Sokołowska B., Kwiecinski H., Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology 2010 17 2 226 231 2-s2.0-74549186988 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02775.x
104. Roos P. M., Vesterberg O., Syversen T., Flaten T. P., Nordberg M., Metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biological Trace Element Research 2013 151 159 170 2-s2.0-84870372718 10.1007/s12011-012-9547-x
105. Noto Y.-I., Shibuya K., Sato Y., Kanai K., Misawa S., Sawai S., Mori M., Uchiyama T., Isose S., Nasu S., Sekiguchi Y., Fujimaki Y., Kasai T., Tokuda T., Nakagawa M., Kuwabara S., Elevated CSF TDP-43 levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: specificity, sensitivity, and a possible prognostic value. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 2011 12 2 140 143 2-s2.0-79951764734 10.3109/17482968.2010.541263
106. Rocha J. A., Reis C., Simões F., Fonseca J., Mendes Ribeiro J., Diagnostic investigation and multidisciplinary management in motor neuron disease. Journal of Neurology 2005 252 12 1435 1447 2-s2.0-29144486979 10.1007/s00415-005-0007-9 (Pubitemid 41803831)
107. Lehnert S., Costa J., de Carvalho M., Multicentre quality control evaluation of different biomarker candidates for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration 2014 10.3109/21678421.2014.884592
108. Freischmidt A., Müller K., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Systemic dysregulation of TDP-43 binding microRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2013 1, article 42
109. Henriksen K., O'Bryant S. E., Hampel H., Blood-Based Biomarker Interest Group. The future of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2014 10 115 131
110. Garbuzova-Davis S., Sanberg P. R., Blood-CNS barrier impairment in ALS patients versus an animal model. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2014 8, article 21 10.3389/fncel.2014.00021
111. Rozen S., Cudkowicz M. E., Bogdanov M., Matson W. R., Kristal B. S., Beecher C., Harrison S., Vouros P., Flarakos J., Vigneau-Callahan K., Matson T. D., Newhall K. M., Beal M. F., Brown R. H. Jr., Kaddurah-Daouk R., Metabolomic analysis and signatures in motor neuron disease. Metabolomics 2005 1 2 101 108 2-s2.0-20344385568 10.1007/s11306-005-4810-1 (Pubitemid 40778831)
112. Mougeot J.-L. C., Li Z., Price A. E., Wright F. A., Brooks B. R., Microarray analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from ALS patients and the SAFE detection of the KEGG ALS pathway. BMC Medical Genomics 2011 4, article 74 2-s2.0-80054862015 10.1186/1755-8794-4-74
113. Nardo G., Pozzi S., Pignataro M., Lauranzano E., Spano G., Garbelli S., Mantovani S., Marinou K., Papetti L., Monteforte M., Torri V., Paris L., Bazzoni G., Lunetta C., Corbo M., Mora G., Bendotti C., Bonetto V., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis multiprotein biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS ONE 2011 6 10 2-s2.0-80053615914 10.1371/journal.pone.0025545 e25545
114. de Felice B., Guida M., Guida M., Coppola C., De Mieri G., Cotrufo R., A miRNA signature in leukocytes from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Gene 2012 508 1 35 40 2-s2.0-84865536102 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.058
115. Lawton K. A., Cudkowicz M. E., Brown M. V., Alexander D., Caffrey R., Wulff J. E., Bowser R., Lawson R., Jaffa M., Milburn M. V., Ryals J. A., Berry J. D., Biochemical alterations associated with ALS. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 2012 13 1 110 118 2-s2.0-84855398606 10.3109/17482968.2011.619197
116. Krüger T., Lautenschläger J., Grosskreutz J., Rhode H., Proteome analysis of body fluids for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker discovery. Proteomics. Clinical Applications 2013 7 1-2 123 135 2-s2.0-84872731142 10.1002/prca.201200067