Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond

Reports on Progress in Physics

Volumn 77, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Rondin, L ^a,d   Tetienne, J P ^a,b   Hingant, T ^a,b   Roch, J F ^b   Maletinsky, P ^c   Jacques, V ^a,b  

^a LABORATOIRE DE PHOTONIQUE QUANTIQUE ET MOLÉCULAIRE   (France)

^b LABORATOIRE AIMÉ COTTON   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^d ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

diamond; magnetometry; nitrogen vacancy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901600666     PISSN: 00344885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/5/056503     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. Freeman M R and Choi B C 2001 Advances in magnetic microscopy Science 294 1484
2. Wiesendanger R 2009 Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1495
3. Martin Y and Wickramasinghe H K 1987 Magnetic imaging by 'force microscopy' with 1000 resolution Appl. Phys. Lett. 50 1455
4. Rugar D, Budakian R, Mamin H J and Chui B W 2004 Single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy Nature 430 329
5. Degen C, Poggio M, Mamin H J, Rettner C T and Rugar D 2009 Nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106 1313
6. Mamin H J, Poggio M, Degen C L and Rugar D 2007 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with 90 nm resolution Nature Nano. 2 301
7. Vasyukov D et al 2013 A scanning superconducting quantum interference device with single electron spin sensitivity Nature Nanotechnol. 8 639
8. Kirtley J R 2010 Fundamental studies of superconductors using scanning magnetic imaging Rep. Prog. Phys. 73 126501
9. Chernobrod B M and Berman G P 2005 Spin microscope based on optically detected magnetic resonance J. Appl. Phys. 97 014903
10. Sekatskii S K and Letokhov V S 1996 Nanometer-resolution scanning optical microscope with resonance excitation of the fluorescence of the samples from a single-atom excited center J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett. 63 319
11. Wrachtrup J, von Borczyskowski C, Bernard J, Orritt M and Brown R 1993 Optical detection of magnetic resonance in a single molecule Nature 363 244
12. Köhler J, Disselhorst J A J M, Donckers M C J M, Groenen E J J, Schmidt J and Moerner W E 1993 Magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin Nature 363 242
13. Budker D and Romalis M 2007 Optical magnetometry Nature Phys. 3 227
14. Jelezko F and Wrachtrup J 2006 Single defect centres in diamond: a review Phys. Status Solidi a 203 3207
15. Gruber A, Dräbenstedt A, Tietz C, Fleury L, Wrachtrup J and Borczyskowski C V 1997 Scanning confocal optical microscopy and magnetic resonance on single defect centers Science 276 2012
16. Taylor J M et al 2008 High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution Nature Phys. 4 810
17. Degen C L 2008 Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 243111
18. Balasubramanian G et al 2008 Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions Nature 455 648
19. Maze J R et al 2008 Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond Nature 455 644
20. Grinolds M S, Maletinsky P, Hong S, Lukin M D, Walsworth R L and Yacoby A 2011 Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging Nature Phys. 7 687
21. Bouchard L, Acosta V M, Bauch E and Budker D 2011 Detection of the Meissner effect with a diamond magnetometer New J. Phys. 13 025017
22. de Lange G, Ristè D, Dobrovitski V V and Hanson R 2011 Single-Spin magnetometry with multipulse sensing sequences Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 080802
23. Rondin L et al 2012 Nanoscale magnetic field mapping with a single spin scanning probe magnetometer Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 153118
24. Maletinsky P et al 2012 A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres Nature Nanotechnol. 7 320
25. Balasubramanian G et al 2009 Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond Nature Mater. 8 383
26. Mita Y 1996 Change of absorption spectra in type-Ib diamond with heavy neutron irradiation Phys. Rev. B 53 11360
27. Gaebel T et al 2005 Photochromism in single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond Appl. Phys. B 82 243
28. Santori C, Barclay P, Fu K and Beausoleil R 2009 Vertical distribution of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond formed by ion implantation and annealing Phys. Rev. B 79 125313
29. Rondin L et al 2010 Surface-induced charge state conversion of nitrogen-vacancy defects in nanodiamonds Phys. Rev. B 82 115449
30. Hauf M V et al 2011 Chemical control of the charge state of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Phys. Rev. B 83 081304
31. Grotz B et al 2012 Charge state manipulation of qubits in diamond Nature Commun. 3 729
32. Davies G and Hamer M F 1976 Optical studies of the 1.945 eV vibronic band in diamond Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 348 285
33. Jacques V, Murray J D, Marquier F, Chauvat D, Grosshans F, Treussart F and Roch J 2008 Enhancing single-molecule photostability by optical feedback from quantum jump detection Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 203307
34. Mahler B, Spinicelli P, Buil S, Quelin X, Hermier J and Dubertret B 2008 Towards non-blinking colloidal quantum dots Nature Mater. 7 659
35. Faklaris O et al 2009 Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells ACS Nano 3 3955
36. Mohan N, Chen C-S, Hsieh H-H, Wu Y-C and Chang H-C 2010 In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis elegans Nano Lett. 10 3692
37. Wu T et al 2013 Tracking the engraftment and regenerative capabilities of transplanted lung stem cells using fluorescent nanodiamonds Nature Nanotechnol. 8 682
38. Loubser J and Van Wyk J 1977 Optical spin-polarisation in a triplet state in irradiated and annealed type 1b diamonds Diamond Res. 1 11
39. Reddy N, Manson N and Krausz E 1987 Two-laser spectral hole burning in a colour centre in diamond J. Lumin. 38 46
40. Fuchs G D, Dobrovitski V V, Hanson R, Batra A, Weis C D, Schenkel T and Awschalom D D 2008 Excited-state spectroscopy using single spin manipulation in diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 117601
41. Neumann P et al 2009 Excited-state spectroscopy of single NV defects in diamond using optically detected magnetic resonance New J. Phys. 11 013017
42. Rogers L J, Armstrong S, Sellars M J and Manson N B 2008 Infrared emission of the NV centre in diamond: Zeeman and uniaxial stress studies New J. Phys. 10 103024
43. Acosta V M, Jarmola A, Bauch E and Budker D 2010 Optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy singlet levels in diamond Phys. Rev. B 82 201202
44. Ma Y, Rohlfing M and Gali A 2010 Excited states of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond Phys. Rev. B 81 041204
45. Robledo L, Bernien H, van der Sar T and Hanson R 2011 Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond New J. Phys. 13 025013
46. Tetienne J, Rondin L, Spinicelli P, Chipaux M, Debuisschert T, Roch J and Jacques V 2012 Magnetic-field-dependent photodynamics of single NV defects in diamond: an application to qualitative all-optical magnetic imaging New J. Phys. 14 103033
47. Childress L and Hanson R 2013 Diamond NV centers for quantum computing and quantum networks MRS Bull. 38 134
48. Acosta V M, Bauch E, Jarmola A, Zipp L J, Ledbetter M P and Budker D 2010 Broadband magnetometry by infrared-absorption detection of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 174104
49. Dolde F et al 2011 Electric-field sensing using single diamond spins Nature Phys. 7 459
50. Epstein R J, Mendoza F M, Kato Y K and Awschalom D D 2005 Anisotropic interactions of a single spin and dark-spin spectroscopy in diamond Nature Phys. 1 94
51. Lai N, Zheng D, Jelezko F, Treussart F and Roch J-F 2009 Influence of a static magnetic field on the photoluminescence of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in a diamond single-crystal Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 133101
52. Dréau A, Lesik M, Rondin L, Spinicelli P, Arcizet O, Roch J and Jacques V 2011 Avoiding power broadening in optically detected magnetic resonance of single NV defects for enhanced dc magnetic field sensitivity Phys. Rev. B 84 195204
53. Kotler S, Akerman N, Glickman Y, Keselman A and Ozeri R 2011 Single-ion quantum lock-in amplifier Nature 473 61
54. Carr H Y and Purcell E M 1954 Effects of diffusion on free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments Phys. Rev. 94 630
55. Meiboom S and Gill D 1958 Modified spin-echo method for measuring nuclear relaxation times Rev. Sci. Instrum. 29 688
56. Grinolds M S, Hong S, Maletinsky P, Luan L, Lukin M D, Walsworth R L and Yacoby A 2013 Nanoscale magnetic imaging of a single electron spin under ambient conditions Nature Phys. 9 215
57. Mamin H J, Kim M, Sherwood M H, Rettner C T, Ohno K, Awschalom D D and Rugar D 2013 Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor Science 339 557
58. Staudacher T et al 2013 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a (5-Nanometer)3 sample volume Science 339 561
59. Bundy F P, Hall H T, Strong H M and Wentorf R H 1955 Man-made diamond Nature 176 51
60. Markham M, Dodson J, Scarsbrook G, Twitchen D, Balasubramanian G, Jelezko F and Wrachtrup J 2011 CVD diamond for spintronics Diamond Relat. Mater. 20 134
61. Tallaire A et al 2006 Characterisation of high-quality thick single-crystal diamond grown by CVD with a low nitrogen addition Diamond Relat. Mater. 15 1700
62. Ishikawa T et al 2012 Optical and spin coherence properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers placed in a 100 nm thick isotopically purified diamond layer Nano Lett. 12 2083
63. Bar-Gill N, Pham L M, Jarmola A, Budker D and Walsworth R L 2013 Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second Nature Commun. 4 1743
64. Siyushev P et al 2010 Monolithic diamond optics for single photon detection Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 241902
65. Hadden J P et al 2010 Strongly enhanced photon collection from diamond defect centers under microfabricated integrated solid immersion lenses Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 241901
66. Babinec T M, Hausmann B J M, Khan M, Zhang Y, Maze J R, Hemmer P R and Lončar M 2010 A diamond nanowire single-photon source Nature Nanotechnol. 5 195
67. Beveratos A, Brouri R, Gacoin T, Poizat J and Grangier P 2001 Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals Phys. Rev. A 64 061802
68. Purcell E M 1946 Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies Phys. Rev. 69 681
69. Faraon A, Barclay P E, Santori C, Fu K C and Beausoleil R G 2011 Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a colour centre in a diamond cavity Nature Photon. 5 301
70. Hausmann B J M et al 2013 Integrated high-quality factor optical resonators in diamond Nano Lett. 13 1898
71. Riedrich-Möller J et al 2012 One- and two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities in single crystal diamond Nature Nanotechnol. 7 69
72. Faraon A, Santori C, Huang Z, Acosta V M and Beausoleil R G 2012 Coupling of nitrogen-vacancy centers to photonic crystal cavities in monocrystalline diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 033604
73. Englund D, Shields B, Rivoire K, Hatami F, Vuckovic J, Park H and Lukin M D 2010 Deterministic coupling of a single nitrogen vacancy center to a photonic crystal cavity Nano Lett. 10 3922
74. van der Sar T et al 2011 Deterministic nanoassembly of a coupled quantum emitter-photonic crystal cavity system Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 193103
75. Albrecht R, Bommer A, Deutsch C, Reichel J and Becher C 2013 Coupling of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond to a fiber-based microcavity Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 243602
76. Kaupp H, Deutsch C, Chang H, Reichel J, Hänsch T W and Hunger D 2013 Scaling laws of the cavity enhancement for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Phys. Rev. A 88 053812
77. Huck A, Kumar S, Shakoor A and Andersen U L 2011 Controlled coupling of a single nitrogen-vacancy center to a silver nanowire Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 096801
78. Schietinger S, Barth M, Aichele T and Benson O 2009 Plasmon-enhanced single photon emission from a nanoassembled metal-diamond hybrid structure at room temperature Nano Lett. 9 1694
79. Pfaff W, Vos A and Hanson R 2013 Top-down fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures for deterministic coupling to single quantum emitters J. Appl. Phys. 113 024310
80. Choy J T et al 2011 Enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond-silver aperture Nature Photon. 5 738
81. Bulu I, Babinec T, Hausmann B, Choy J T and Lončar M 2011 Plasmonic resonators for enhanced diamond NV- center single photon sources Opt. Express 19 5268
82. Choy J T, Bulu I, Hausmann B J M, Janitz E, Huang I and Lončar M 2013 Spontaneous emission and collection efficiency enhancement of single emitters in diamond via plasmonic cavities and gratings Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 161101
83. Pham L M et al 2012 Enhanced metrology using preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Phys. Rev. B 86 121202
84. Lesik M, Tetienne J, Tallaire A, Mille U, Gicquel A, Roch J and Jacques V 2012 Perfect preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy defects in a synthetic diamond sample Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 113107
85. Miehl J et al 2014 Perfect alignment and preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers during chemical vapor deposition diamond growth on (111) surfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 102407
86. Botsoa J et al 2011 Optimal conditions for NV- center formation in type-1b diamond studied using photoluminescence and positron annihilation spectroscopies Phys. Rev. B 84 125209
87. Le Sage D, Pham L M, Bar-Gill N, Belthangady C, Lukin M D, Yacoby A and Walsworth R L 2012 Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide Phys. Rev. B 85 121202
88. Dumeige Y et al 2013 Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond based on infrared absorption in a doubly resonant optical cavity Phys. Rev. B 87 155202
89. Naydenov B et al 2010 Increasing the coherence time of single electron spins in diamond by high temperature annealing Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 242511
90. Ofori-Okai B K et al 2012 Spin properties of very shallow nitrogen vacancy defects in diamond Phys. Rev. B 86 081406
91. Pezzagna S, Naydenov B, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J and Meijer J 2010 Creation efficiency of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond New J. Phys. 12 065017
92. Ohno K et al 2012 Engineering shallow spins in diamond with nitrogen delta-doping Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 082413
93. Yamamoto T et al 2013 Extending spin coherence times of diamond qubits by high-temperature annealing Phys. Rev. B 88 075206
94. Cui S and Hu E L 2013 Increased negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in fluorinated diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 051603
95. Fu K-M C, Santori C, Barclay P E and Beausoleil R G 2010 Conversion of neutral nitrogen-vacancy centers to negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers through selective oxidation Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 121907
96. Chu Y et al 2014 Coherent optical transitions in implanted nitrogen vacancy centers Nano Lett. 14 1982
97. Acosta V M, Bauch E, Ledbetter M P, Waxman A, Bouchard L-S and Budker D 2010 Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 070801
98. Chen X-D, Dong C-H, Sun F-W, Zou C-L, Cui J-M, Han Z-F and Guo G-C 2011 Temperature dependent energy level shifts of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161903
99. Fang K et al 2013 High-sensitivity magnetometry based on quantum beats in diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 130802
100. Neumann P et al 2013 High-precision nanoscale temperature sensing using single defects in diamond Nano Lett. 13 2738
101. Toyli D M, de las Casas C F, Christle D J, Dobrovitski V V and Awschalom D D 2013 Fluorescence thermometry enhanced by the quantum coherence of single spins in diamond Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110 8417
102. Kucsko G et al 2013 Nanometre-scale thermometry in a living cell Nature 500 54
103. Alegre T P M, Santori C, Medeiros-Ribeiro G and Beausoleil R G 2007 Polarization-selective excitation of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond Phys. Rev. B 76 165205
104. Rondin L et al 2013 Stray-field imaging of magnetic vortices with a single diamond spin Nature Commun. 4 2279
105. Kühn S, Hettich C, Schmitt C, Poizat J-p and Sandoghdar V 2001 Diamond colour centres as a nanoscopic light source for scanning near-field optical microscopy J. Microsc. 202 2
106. Cuche A, Drezet A, Sonnefraud Y, Faklaris O, Treussart F, Roch J-F and Huant S 2009 Near-field optical microscopy with a nanodiamond-based single-photon tip Opt. Express 17 19969
107. Kalish R et al 1997 Nitrogen doping of diamond by ion implantation Diamond Relat. Mater. 6 516
108. Perunicic V S, Hall L T, Simpson D A, Hill C D and Hollenberg L C L 2014 Towards single-molecule NMR detection and spectroscopy using single spins in diamond Phys. Rev. B 89 054432
109. Schoenfeld R S and Harneit W 2011 Real time magnetic field sensing and imaging using a single spin in diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 030802
110. Mamin H J, Sherwood M H and Rugar D 2012 Detecting external electron spins using nitrogen-vacancy centers Phys. Rev. B 86 195422
111. Grotz B et al 2011 Sensing external spins with nitrogen-vacancy diamond New J. Phys. 13 055004
112. Hong S, Grinolds M S, Maletinsky P, Walsworth R L, Lukin M D and Yacoby A 2012 Coherent, mechanical control of a single electronic spin Nano Lett. 12 3920-4
113. Steinert S et al 2010 High sensitivity magnetic imaging using an array of spins in diamond Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 043705
114. Nichol J M, Naibert T R, Hemesath E R, Lauhon L J and Budakian R 2013 Nanoscale Fourier-transform magnetic resonance imaging Phys. Rev. X 3 031016
115. Shin C, Kim C, Kolesov R, Balasubramanian G, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J and Hemmer P R 2010 Sub-optical resolution of single spins using magnetic resonance imaging at room temperature in diamond J. Lumin. 130 1635
116. Rittweger E, Han K Y, Irvine S E, Eggeling C and Hell S W 2009 STED microscopy reveals crystal colour centres with nanometric resolution Nature Photon. 3 144
117. Pham L M et al 2011 Magnetic field imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles New J. Phys. 13 045021
118. Maertz B J, Wijnheijmer A P, Fuchs G D, Nowakowski M E and Awschalom D D 2010 Vector magnetic field microscopy using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 092504
119. Steinert S et al 2013 Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution Nature Commun. 4 1607
120. Kaufmann S et al 2013 Detection of atomic spin labels in a lipid bilayer using a single-spin nanodiamond probe Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110 10894
121. Tetienne J-P et al 2013 Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing Phys. Rev. B 87 235436
122. Ermakova A et al 2013 Detection of a few metallo-protein molecules using color centers in nanodiamonds Nano Lett. 13 3305
123. Miron I M et al 2010 Current-driven spin torque induced by the Rashba effect in a ferromagnetic metal layer Nature Mater. 9 230
124. Miron I M et al 2011 Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection Nature 476 189
125. Tetienne J, Hingant T, Rondin L, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Jué E, Gaudin G, Rach J and Jacques V 2014 Nitrogen-vacancy-center imaging of bubble domains in a 6-Å film of cobalt with perpendicular magnetization J. Appl. Phys. 115 17D501
126. Heinze S et al 2011 Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions Nature Phys. 7 713
127. Kimura T, Otani Y, Sato T, Takahashi S and Maekawa S 2007 Room-temperature reversible spin Hall effect Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 156601
128. Zhang H, Liu C-X, Qi X-L, Dai X, Fang Z and Zhang S-C 2009 Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface Nature Phys. 5 438
129. Dash S P, Sharma S, Patel R S, de Jong M P and Jansen R 2009 Electrical creation of spin polarization in silicon at room temperature Nature 462 491
130. Pisani L, Montanari B and Harrison N M 2008 A defective graphene phase predicted to be a room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor New J. Phys. 10 033002
131. Wang X J et al 2009 Room-temperature defect-engineered spin filter based on a non-magnetic semiconductor Nature Mater. 8 198
132. Sidles J A 1991 Noninductive detection of single-proton magnetic resonance Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 2854
133. Toyli D M, Christle D J, Alkauskas A, Buckley B B, Van de Walle C G and Awschalom D D 2012 Measurement and control of single nitrogen-vacancy center spins above 600 K Phys. Rev. X 2 031001
134. McGuinness L P et al 2011 Quantum measurement and orientation tracking of fluorescent nanodiamonds inside living cells Nature Nanotechnol. 6 358
135. Chang Y et al 2008 Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds Nature Nanotechnol. 3 284
136. Le Sage D et al 2013 Optical magnetic imaging of living cells Nature 496 486
137. Hall L T, Cole J H, Hill C D and Hollenberg L C L 2009 Sensing of fluctuating nanoscale magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 220802
138. Ziem F C, Götz N S, Zappe A, Steinert S and Wrachtrup J 2013 Highly sensitive detection of physiological spins in a microfluidic device Nano Lett. 13 4093
139. Hall L T et al 2012 High spatial and temporal resolution wide-field imaging of neuron activity using quantum NV-diamond Sci. Rep. 2 401
140. Hall L T et al 2010 Monitoring ion-channel function in real time through quantum decoherence Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107 18777
141. Thiaville A, Rohart S, Jué E, Cros V and Fert A 2012 Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films Europhys. Lett. 100 57002
142. Wang R F et al 2006 Artificial 'spin ice' in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands Nature 439 303
143. Hasan M Z and Moore J E 2011 Three-Dimensional topological insulators Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2 55
144. Coleman P 2003 Many body physics: unfinished revolution Ann. Henri Poincaré 4 559
145. Dolde F et al 2014 Nanoscale detection of a single fundamental charge in ambient conditions using the NV- center in diamond Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 097603
146. Michaelis J, Hettich C, Mlynek J and Sandoghdar V 2000 Optical microscopy using a single-molecule light source Nature 405 325
147. Frimmer M, Chen Y and Koenderink A 2011 Scanning emitter lifetime imaging microscopy for spontaneous emission control Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 123602
148. Krachmalnicoff V, Castanié E, De Wilde Y and Carminati R 2010 Fluctuations of the local density of states probe localized surface plasmons on disordered metal films Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 183901