Mental representation and motor imagery training

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volumn 8, Issue MAY, 2014, Pages

  Schack, Thomas ^a   Essig, Kai ^a   Frank, Cornelia ^a   Koester, Dirk ^a  

^a BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Basic action concepts; Mental imagery; Mental representation; Mental simulation; Motor imagery

Indexed keywords

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; COGNITION; GOLF; HUMAN; IMAGERY; LEARNING; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR IMAGERY TRAINING; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PHYSICAL EDUCATION; SPORT; SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY; STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF MENTAL REPRESENTATION; TASK PERFORMANCE; VOLLEYBALL; WIND SURFING;

EID: 84901391996     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16625161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00328     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Beilock, S. L., Wierenga, S. A., and Carr, T. H. (2002). Expertise, attention and memory in sensorimotor skill execution: impact of novel task constraints on dual-task performance and episodic memory. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. A 55, 1211-1240. doi: 10.1080/02724980244000170
2. Bernstein (Bernstejn), N. A. (1947). O postrojenii dvizenij (On the structure of movements). Mozkva: Medgiz.
3. English translation: Bernstein, N. A. (1967). The Co-Ordination and Regulation ofMovements. University of Michigan: Pergamon Press.
4. Blasing, B., Puttke, M., and Schack, T. (Eds.) (2010a). Neurocognition of Dance. London: Psychology Press.
5. Blasing, B., Schack, T., and Brugger, P. (2010b). The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities. Exp. BrainRes. 203, 119-129. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2216-4
6. Blasing, B., Tenenbaum, G., and Schack, T. (2009). The cognitive structure of movements in classical dance. Psychol. SportExerc. 10, 350-360. doi: 10.1016/j. psychsport.2008.10.001.
7. Boschker, M. S. J. (2001). Action-based Imagery: On theNature of MentallyImagined Motor Actions (Doctoral dissertation, VU University Amsterdam). Amsterdam: Ipskamp.
8. Braun, S. M., Beursken, A. J., Borm, P. J., Schack, T., and Wade, D. T. (2006). The effects of mental practice in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 87, 842-852. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.034
9. Braun, S. M., Beurskens, A. J. H. M., Schack, T., Marcellis, R. G., Oti, K. C., Schols, J. M., et al. (2007). Is it possible to use the SDA-M to investigate representations of motor actions in stroke patients? Clin. Rehabil. 21, 822-832. doi: 10.1177/0269215507078303
10. Callow, N., and Hardy, L. (2005). A critical analysis of applied imagery research," in Handbook ofResearch in Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology: International Perspectives, eds D. Hackfort, J. L. Duda and R. Lidor (Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University), 37-58.
11. Cooley, S. J., Williams, S. E., Burns, V. E., and Cumming, J. (2013). Methodological variations in guided imagery interventions using movement imagery scripts in sport: a systematic review. J. Imagery Res. Sport Phys. Activity 8, 13-34. doi: 10. 1515/jirspa-2012-0005
12. Cruse, H., and Schilling, M. (2013). How and to what end may consciousness contribute to action? Attributing properties of consciousness to an embodied, minimally cognitive artificial neural network. Front. Psychol. 4:324. doi: 10. 3389/fpsyg.2013.00324
13. Cruse, H., Kindermann, T., Schumm, M., Dean, J., and Schmitz, J. (1998). Walknet-a biologically inspired network to control six-legged walking. Neural Netw. 11, 1435-1447. doi: 10.1016/s0893-6080(98)00067-7
14. Cumming, J., and Williams, S. E. (2012). "The role of imagery in performance," in The Oxford Handbook ofSport and Performance Psychology, ed S. M. Murphy (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 213-232.
15. D'Avella, A., and Bizzi, E. (1998). Low dimensionality of supraspinally induced force fields. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 95, 7711-7714. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95. 13.7711
16. Debicki, D. B., and Gribble, P. L. (2005). Persistence of inter-joint coupling during single-joint elbow flexions after shoulder fixation. Exp. Brain Res. 163, 252-257. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2229-6
17. Driskell, J., Copper, C., and Moran, A. (1994). Does mental practice enhance performance? J. Appl. Psychol. 79, 481-492. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.79.4.481
18. Essig, K., Strogan, O., Ritter, H., and Schack, T. (2012). "Influence of movement expertise on visual perception of objects, events and motor action-a modelling approach, in Developing and Applying Biologically Inspired Vision Systems: Interdisciplinary Concepts, eds M. Pomplun and J. Suzuki (Hershey, PA: IGI Global Publishers), 1-30.
19. Farah, M. J. (1984). The neurological basis of mental imagery: a componential analysis. Cognition 18, 245-272. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(84)90026-x
20. Frank, C., Land, W. M., and Schack, T. (2013). Mental representation and learning: the influence of practice on the development of mental representation structure in complex action. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 14, 353-361. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport. 2012.12.001
21. Frank, C., Land, W. M., Popp, C., and Schack, T. (2014). Mental representation and mental practice: experimental investigation on the functional links between motor memory and motor imagery. PLoS One 9:e95175. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0095175
22. Giummarra, M. J., Gibson, S. J., Georgiou-Karistianis, N., and Bradshaw, J. L. (2007). Central mechanisms in phantom limb perceptions: the past, present and future. Brain Res. Rev. 54, 219-232. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.009
23. Golomer, E., Bouillette, A., Mertz, C., and Keller, J. (2008). Effects of mental imagery styles on shoulder and hip rotations during prepara-tion of pirouettes. J. Mot. Behav. 40, 281-290. doi: 10.3200/jmbr.40.4. 281-290
24. Goss, S., Hall, C., Buckolz, E., and Fishburne, G. (1986). Imagery ability and the acquisition and retention of movements. Mem. Cognit. 14, 469-477. doi: 10. 3758/bf03202518
25. Guldenpenning, I., Koester, D., Kunde, W., Weigelt, M., and Schack, T. (2011). Motor expertise modulatesthe unconscious processingofhuman bodypostures. Exp. BrainRes. 213, 383-391. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2788-7
26. Guldenpenning, I., Steinke, A., Koester, D., and Schack, T. (2013). Athletes and novices are differently capable to recognize feint and non feint actions. Exp. Brain Res. 230, 333-343. doi: 10.1007/s00221-013-3658-2
27. Haggard, P., and Wolpert, D. M. (2005). "Disorders of body scheme, in Higher-order Motor Disorders: From Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology to Clinical Neurol-ogy, eds H.-J. Freund, M. Jeannerod and M. Hallett (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 261-272.
28. Hall, C., and Martin, K. (1997). Measuring movement imagery abilities: a revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. J. Ment. Imagery 21, 143-154.
29. Heinen, T., Schwaiger, J., and Schack, T. (2002). "Optimising gymnastics training with cognitive methods, in Proceedings of 7th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (Athen: ECSS), 608.
30. Heuer, H. (1985). Wie wirkt mentale Ubung? Psychologische Rundschau 36, 191-200.
31. Hodges, N., Huys, R., andStarkes, J. (2007). "Methodological review and evaluation of research in expert performance in sport, in Handbook ofSportPsychology, eds (2008) Tenenbaum and R. C. Eklund, 3rd Edn. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley), 161-183.
32. Hoffmann, J. (1993). Vorhersage und Erkenntnis. Gottingen: Hogrefe.
33. Hoffmann, J., Butz, M. V., Herbort, O., Kiesel, A., and Lenhard, A. (2007). Speku-lationen zur Struktur ideo-motorischer Beziehungen. Zeitschrift fur Sportpsy-chologie 14, 95-104. doi: 10.1026/1612-5010.14.3.95
34. Hoffmann, J., Stocker, C., and Kunde, W. (2004). Anticipatory control of actions. Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychology 2, 346-361. doi: 10.1080/1612197x.2004.9671750
35. Holmes, P. S., and Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: a functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. J. Appl. Sport. Psychol. 13, 60-83. doi: 10.1080/104132001753155958
36. Holmes, P. S. (2007). Theoretical and practical problems for imagery in stroke rehabilitation: an observation solution. Rehabil. Psychol. 52, 1-10. doi: 10. 1037/0090-5550.52.1.1
37. Hommel, B., Musseler, J., Aschersleben, G., and Prinz, W. (2001). The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): a framework for perception and action planning. Behav. Brain Sci. 24, 849-878. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x01000103
38. Ietswaart, M., Johnston, M., Dijkerman, H. C., Joice, S., Scott, C. L., MacWalter, R. S., et al. (2011). Mental practice with motor imagery in stroke recov-ery: randomized controlled trial of efficacy. Brain 134, 1373-1386. doi: 10. 1093/brain/awr077
39. Ijspeert, A. J., Nakanishi, J., and Schaal, S. (2002). Movement imitation with nonlinear dynamical systems in humanoid robots. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Rob. Automation (ICRA2002) 2, 1398-1403. doi: 10.1109/robot.2002.1014739
40. James, W. (1890). ThePrinciples of Psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Holt.
41. Jeannerod, M. (1994). The representing brain: neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behav. Brain Sci. 17, 187-245. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x00034026
42. Jeannerod, M. (1995). Mental imagery in the motor context. Neuropsychologia 33, 1419-1432. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00073-c
43. Jeannerod, M. (2001). Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage 14, S103-S109. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832
44. Jeannerod, M. (2004). Actions from within. Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychology 2, 376-402. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2004.9671752
45. Jeannerod, M. (2006). Motor Cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.
46. Kawato, M. (1999). Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9, 718-727. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00028-8
47. Knuf, L., Aschersleben, G., and Prinz, W. (2001). An analysis of ideomotor action. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 130, 779-798. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.779
48. Koch, I., Keller, P. E., and Prinz, W. (2004). The ideomotor approach to action control: implications for skilled performance. Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychology 2, 362-375. doi: 10.1080/1612197x.2004.9671751
49. Kosslyn, S. M., Ganis, G., and Thompson, W. L. (2001). Neural foundations of imagery. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 635-642. doi: 10.1038/35090055
50. Krause, A. F., Durr, V., Blasing, B., and Schack, T. (2010). Evolutionary optimization of echo state networks: multiple motor pattern learning. Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Information Processing (ANNIIP 2010) 63-71. doi: 10.5220/0003027500630071
51. Kunde, W. (2001). Response-effect compatibility in manual choice reaction tasks. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 27, 387-394. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.27. 2.387
52. Kunde, W., Koch, I., and Hoffmann, J. (2004). Anticipated action effects affect the selection, initiation, and execution of actions. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. A 57, 87-106. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000143
53. Land, W. M., Frank, C., and Schack, T. (2014). The influence of attentional focus on the development of skill representation in a complex action. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 15, 30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.09.006
54. Lang, P. J. (1977). Imagery in therapy: an information processing analysis of fear. Behav. Ther. 8, 862-886. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80157-3
55. Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysi-ology 16, 495-512. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x
56. Lang, P. J. (1985). "The cognitive psychophysiology of emotion: fear and anxiety, in Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, eds A. H. Tuma and J. D. Maser (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), 192-226.
57. Lotze, R. H. (1852). Medizinische Psychologie oder Physiologie der Seele. Leipzig, Germany: Weidmann'sche Buchhandlung, 287-325.
58. Malouin, F., and Richards, C. L. (2013). Mental practice for relearning locomotor skills. Phys. Ther. 90, 240-251. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090029
59. Malouin, F., Jackson, P. L., and Richards, C. L. (2013). Towards the integration of mental practice in rehabilitation programs. a critical review. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7:576. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00576
60. Maycock, J., Dornbusch, D., Elbrechter, C., Haschke, R., Schack, T., and Ritter, H. (2010). Approaching manual intelligence. KI-Kunstliche Intelligenz 24, 287-294. doi: 10.1007/s13218-010-0064-9
61. Mechsner, F., Kerzel, D., Knoblich, G., and Prinz, W. (2001). Perceptual basis of bimanual coordination. Nature 414, 69-73. doi: 10.1038/35102060
62. Morris, T., Spittle, M., and Watt, A. (2005). Imagery in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
63. Munzert, J., Zentgraf, K., Stark, R., and Vaitl, D. (2008). Neural activation in cogni-tive motor processes: comparing motor imagery and observation of gymnastic movements. Exp. Brain Res. 188, 437-444. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1376-y
64. Nordin, S. M., and Cumming, J. (2007). Where, when and how: a quantita-tive account of dance imagery. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 78, 390-395. doi: 10. 1080/02701367.2007.10599437
65. Poppele, R., and Bosco, G. (2003). Sophisticated spinal contributions to motor control. Trends Neurosci. 26, 269-276. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00073-0
66. Prinz, W. (1987). "Ideo-motor action in Perspectives on Perception and Action, eds (2009) Heuer and A. F. Sanders (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum), 47-76.
67. Prinz, W. (1997). Perception and action planning. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 9, 129-154. doi: 10.1080/713752551
68. Raab, M., and Johnson, J. G. (2007). Expertise-based differences in search and option-generation strategies. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 13, 158-170. doi: 10. 1037/1076-898x.13.3.158
69. Roberts, R., Callow, N., Hardy, L., Markland, D., and Bringer, J. (2008). Movement imagery ability: development and assessment of a revised version of the vivid-ness of movement imagery questionnaire. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychol. 30, 200-221.
70. Robin, N., Dominique, L., Toussaint, L., Blandin, Y., Guillot, A., and Le Her, M. (2007). Effects of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: the role of imagery ability. Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 5, 175-186. doi: 10. 1080/1612197x.2007.9671818
71. Rodgers, W., Hall, C., and Buckolz, E. (1991). The effect of an imagery training program on imagery ability, imagery use, and figure skating per-formance. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 3, 109-125. doi: 10.1080/104132091 08406438
72. Rosch, E. (1978). "Principles of categorization, in Cognition and Categorization, eds E. Rosch and B. B. Lloyd (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum), 27-48.
73. Rosenbaum, D. A., Cohen, R. G., Jax, S. A., Van der Wel, R., and Weiss, D. J. (2007). The problem of serial order in behavior: Lashley's legacy. Hum. Mov. Sci. 26, 525-554. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.04.001
74. Sackett, R. S. (1935). The relationship between amount of symbolic rehearsal and retention of a maze habit. J. Gen. Psychol. 13, 113-130. doi: 10.1080/00221309. 1935.9917869
75. Schack, T. (2004a). The cognitive architecture of complex movement. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology; Special Issue Part II: The Construc-tion of Action-New Perspectives in Movement Science 2, 403-438. doi: 10. 1080/1612197x.2004.9671753
76. Schack, T. (2004b). Knowledge and performance in action. J. Knowl. Manag. 8, 38-53. doi: 10.1108/13673270410548478
77. Schack, T. (2010). "Die kognitive Architektur menschlicher Bewegungen-inno-vative Zugange fur Psychologie, Sportwissenschaft und Robotik, in Series "Sportforum", (Aachen: Meyer and Meyer).
78. Schack, T. (2012). "Measuring mental representations, in Handbook of Measure-ment in Sport, eds G. Tenenbaum and B. Eklund (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), 203-214.
79. Schack, T., and Bar-Eli, M. (2007). "Psychological factors in technical preparation, in Psychology ofSport Training, eds B. Blumenstein, R. Lidor and G. Tenenbaum (Oxford: Meyer and Meyer Sport), 62-103.
80. Schack, T., and Hackfort, D. (2007). "An action theory approach to applied sport psychology, in Handbook of Sport Psychol., eds G. Tenenbaum and R. C. Eklund, 3rd Edn. (NJ: Wiley), 332-351.
81. Schack, T., and Heinen, T. (2000). "Mental training based on mental represen-tation, in Sport Psychology Conference in the New Millennium-A Dynamic Research-Practise Perspective, eds B. A. Carlsson, U. Johnson and F. Wetterstrand (Sweden: Halmstadt University), 333-337.
82. Schack, T., and Mechsner, F. (2006). Representation of motor skills in human long-term memory. Neurosci. Lett. 391, 77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.009
83. Schack, T., and Ritter, H. (2009). "The cognitive nature of action-functional links between cognitive psychology, movement science and robotics, in Progress in Brain Research: Mind and Motion-The Bidirectional Link between Thought and Action, eds M. Raab, J. Johnson and H. Heukeren (Amsterdam: Elsevier), 231-252.
84. Schack, T., and Ritter, H. (2013). Representation and learning in motor action-Bridges between experimental research and cognitive robotics. New Ideas Psychol. 31, 258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.04.003
85. Schilling, M., Hoinville, T., Schmitz, J., and Cruse, H. (2013). Walknet, a bio-inspired controller for hexapod walking: a review. Biol. Cybern. 107, 397-419. doi: 10.1007/s00422-013-0563-5
86. Schmidt, R. A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychol. Rev. 82, 225-260. doi: 10.1037/h0076770
87. Schuster, C., Hilfiker, R., Amft, O., Scheidhauer, A., Andrews, B., Butler, J., et al. (2011). Best practice for motor imagery: a systematic literature review on motor imagery training elements in five different disciplines. BMC Med. 9:75. doi: 10. 1186/1741-7015-9-75
88. Shin, Y. K., Proctor, R. W., and Capaldi, E. J. (2010). A review of contemporary ideomotor theory. Psychol. Bull. 136, 943-974. doi: 10.1037/a0020541
89. Sima, J. F., and Freksa, C. (2012). Towards computational modelling of mental imagery. KI-Kunstliche Intelligenz 26, 261-267. doi: 10.1007/s13218-012-0186-3
90. Smith, D., Wright, C., Allsopp, A., and Westhead, H. (2007). It's all in the mind: PETTLEP-based imagery and sports performance. J. Appl. SportPsychol. 19, 80-92. doi: 10.1080/10413200600944132
91. Tenenbaum, G., Hatfield, B., Eklund, R. C., Land, W. M., Calmeiro, L., Razon, S., et al. (2009). "A conceptual framework for studying emotions-cognitions-performance linkage under conditions that vary in perceived pressure, in Progress in Brain Research, eds M. Raab, J. Johnson and H. Heukeren (Amsterdam: Elsevier), 159-178.
92. Todorov, E. (2004). Optimality principles in sensorimotor control. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 907-915. doi: 10.1038/nn1309
93. Velentzas, K. (2010). Mental Representations, Routines and Mental Training in Volleyball. German Sport University of Cologne: Unpublished Dissertation.
94. Velentzas, K., Heinen, T., and Schack, T. (2011). Routine integration strategies and their effects on volleyball serve performance and players' movement mental representation. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 23, 209-222. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2010. 546826
95. Wakefield, C., Smith, D., Moran, A. P., and Holmes, P. (2013). Functional equiva-lence or behavioural matching? A critical reflection on 15 years of research using the PETTLEP model of motor imagery. Int. Rev. SportExerc. Psychol. 6, 105-121. doi: 10.1080/1750984x.2012.724437
96. Williams, S. E., and Cumming, J. (2011). Measuring athlete imagery ability: the sport imagery ability questionnaire. J. SportExerc. Psychol. 33, 416-440.
97. Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z., and Jordan, M. I. (1995). An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science 269, 1880-1882. doi: 10.1126/science.7569931