Mental practice with motor imagery in stroke recovery: Randomized controlled trial of efficacy

Brain

Volumn 134, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1373-1386

  Ietswaart, Magdalena ^a   Johnston, Marie ^b   Dijkerman, H Chris ^c   Joice, Sara ^d   Scott, Clare L ^b   MacWalter, Ronald S ^d   Hamilton, Steven J C ^e  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^e NHS GRAMPIAN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

motor imagery; motor recovery; plasticity; rehabilitation; stroke; therapeutic benefit

Indexed keywords

AGED; ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DYNAMOMETER; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GRIP STRENGTH; HAND FUNCTION; HANDEDNESS; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; IMAGERY; INTERVENTION STUDY; LIMB WEAKNESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOTOR IMAGERY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OUTPATIENT; PINCH STRENGTH; PLACEBO EFFECT; POWER ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STROKE; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL MEMORY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGERY (PSYCHOTHERAPY); LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR SKILLS; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79957463185     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr077     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Altschuler EL, Wisdom SB, Stone L, Foster C, Galasko D, Llewellyn DME, et al. Rehabilitation of hemiparesis after stroke with a mirror. Lancet 1999; 353: 2035-6. (Pubitemid 29271750)
2. Annett J. Motor imagery - perception or action. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 1395-417.
3. Barsalou LW. Grounded cognition. Ann Rev Psychol 2008; 59: 617-45.
4. Bonetti D, Johnston M. Perceived control predicting the recovery of individual-specific walking behaviours following stroke: Testing psychological models and constructs. Br J Health Psychol 2008; 13: 463-78.
5. Bovend'Eerdt TJ, Dawes H, Sackley C, Izadi H, Wade DT. An integrated motor imagery program to improve functional task performance in neurorehabilitation: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2010; 91: 939-46.
6. Braun SM, Beurskens AJ, Borm PJ, Schack T, Wade DT. The effects of mental practice in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2006; 87: 842-52. (Pubitemid 43767706)
7. Butler AJ, Page SJ. Mental practice with motor imagery: Evidence for motor recovery and cortical reorganization after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2006; 87: S2-11.
8. Carey JR, Kimberley TJ, Lewis SM, Auerbach EJ, Dorsey L, Rundquist P, et al. Analysis of fMRI and finger tracking training in subjects with chronic stroke. Brain 2002; 125: 773-88. (Pubitemid 34279773)
9. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992; 112: 155-9.
10. Crosbie JH, McDonough SM, Gilmore DH, Wiggam MI. The adjunctive role of mental practice in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after hemiplegic stroke: A pilot study. Clin Rehab 2004; 18: 60-8. (Pubitemid 38111285)
11. de Vries S, Mulder T. Motor imagery and stroke rehabilitation: A critical discussion. J Rehab Med 2007; 39: 5-13.
12. Decety J. The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res 1996; 77: 45-52. (Pubitemid 26166300)
13. Decety J, Chaminade T. When the self represents the other: A new cognitive neuroscience view on psychological identification. Consciousness Cogn 2003; 12: 577-96. (Pubitemid 37491348)
14. Decety J, Grezes J. Neural mechanisms subserving the perception of human actions. Trends Cogn Sci 1999; 3: 172-8. (Pubitemid 29215056)
15. De Renzi E, Faglioni P. Normative data and screening power of a shortened version of token test. Cortex 1978; 14: 41-9. (Pubitemid 8327451)
16. Dijkerman HC, Ietswaart M, Johnston M, MacWalter RS. Does motor imagery training improve hand function in chronic stroke patients? A pilot study. Clin Rehab 2004; 18: 538-49. (Pubitemid 39076879)
17. Dijkerman HC, Ietswaart M, Johnston M. Motor imagery and the rehabilitation of movement disorders: An overview. In: Guillot A,Collet C, editors. The neurophysiological foundations of mental and motor imagery. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 127-44.
18. Dimitrov DM, Rumrill PD. Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of change. Work 2003; 20: 159-65. (Pubitemid 36511519)
19. Dromerick AW, Edwards DF, Hahn M. Does the application of constraint-induced movement therapy during acute rehabilitation reduce arm impairment after ischemic stroke? Stroke 2000; 31: 2984-8.
20. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 1997; 13: 629-34. (Pubitemid 27387172)
21. Gaggioli A, Meneghini A, Morganti F, Alcaniz M, Riva G. A strategy for computer-assisted mental practice in stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehab Neural Repair 2006; 20: 503-7. (Pubitemid 44690632)
22. Giraux P, Sirigu A. Illusory movements of the paralyzed limb restore motor cortex activity. Neuroimage 2003; 20: S107-11. (Pubitemid 37338784)
23. Grafton ST. Embodied cognition and the simulation of action to understand others. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009; 1156: 97-117.
24. Grezes J, Decety J. Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: A meta-analysis. Hum Brain Map 2001; 12: 1-19. (Pubitemid 32048353)
25. Handy TC, Borg JS, Turk DJ, Tipper CM, Grafton ST, Gazzaniga MS. Placing a tool in the spotlight: spatial attention modulates visuomotor responses in cortex. Neuroimage 2005; 26: 266-76. (Pubitemid 40602906)
26. Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke - measurement and recovery over the 1st 3 months. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1987; 50: 714-9. (Pubitemid 17076283)
27. Holmes PS, Collins DJ. The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. J Appl Sport Psychol 2001; 13: 60-83.
28. Ietswaart M, Johnston M, Dijkerman HC, Scott CL, Joice SA, Hamilton S, et al. Recovery of hand function through mental practice: A study protocol. BMC Neurol 2006; 6: 39.
29. Jackson PL, Doyon J, Richards CL, Malouin F. The efficacy of combined physical and mental practice in the learning of a foot-sequence task after stroke: A case report. Neurorehab Neural Repair 2004; 18: 106-11. (Pubitemid 38924185)
30. Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J. Functional cerebral reorganization following motor sequence learning through mental practice with motor imagery. Neuroimage 2003; 20: 1171-80. (Pubitemid 37268135)
31. Jackson PL, Lafleur AF, Malouin F, Richards C, Doyon J. Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2001; 82: 1133-41. (Pubitemid 32744342)
32. Jang SH, Kim YH, Cho SH, Lee JH, Park JW, Kwon YH. Cortical reorganization induced by task-oriented training in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Neuroreport 2003; 14: 137-41. (Pubitemid 36160756)
33. Jeannerod M. The representing brain - neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behav Brain Sci 1994; 17: 187-202.
34. Jeannerod M. Mental-imagery in the motor context. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 1419-32.
35. Jeannerod M. Neural simulation of action: A unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage 2001; 14: S103-9. (Pubitemid 32554537)
36. Jeannerod M, Decety J. Mental motor imagery: A window into the representational stages of action. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 727-32. (Pubitemid 26042621)
37. Johnson-Frey SH. Stimulation through simulation? Motor imagery and functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke patients. Brain Cogn 2004; 55: 328-31. (Pubitemid 38726025)
38. Johnston M, Bonetti D, Joice S, Pollard B, Morrison V, Francis JJ, MacWalter R. Recovery from disability after stroke as a target for a behavioural intervention: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehab 2007; 29: 1117-27. (Pubitemid 47072976)
39. Johnston M, Pollard B, Morrison V, Macwalter R. Functional limitations and survival following stroke: Psychological and clinical predictors of 3-year outcome. Int J Behav Med 2004; 11: 187-96. (Pubitemid 40082765)
40. Johnston M, Morrison V, Macwalter R, Partridge C. Perceived control, coping and recovery from disability following stroke. Psychol Health 1999; 14: 181-92.
41. Kahn RL, Goldfarb AI, Pollack KM, Peck A. Mental status questionnaire [MSQ]. In: Kane RA, Kane RL, editors. Assessing the elderly: A practical guide to measurement. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1981. p. 92-94.
42. Liu KP, Chan CC, Lee TM, Hui-Chan CW. Mental imagery for promoting relearning for people after stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2004; 85: 1403-8. (Pubitemid 39221076)
43. Liu KP, Chan CC, Wong RS, Kwan IW, Yau CS, Li LS, Lee TM. A randomized controlled trial of mental imagery augment generalization of learning in acute poststroke patients. Stroke 2009; 40: 2222-5.
44. Lyle RC. A performance-test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. Int J Rehab Res 1981; 4: 483-92. (Pubitemid 12144660)
45. Mahony FL, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation. The Barthel Index. Maryland State Med J 1965; 14: 61-5.
46. Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J. Reliability of mental chronometry for assessing motor imagery ability after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2008; 89: 311-9.
47. Marshall RS, Perera GM, Lazar RM, Krakauer JW, Constantine RC, DeLaPaz RL. Evolution of cortical activation during recovery from corticospinal tract infarction. Stroke 2000; 31: 656-61. (Pubitemid 30131651)
48. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: Revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2001; 1: 2.
49. Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain - a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2006; 67: 2129-34. (Pubitemid 46035463)
50. Mueller K, Butefisch CM, Seitz RJ, Homberg V. Mental practice improves hand function after hemiparetic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2007; 25: 501-11. (Pubitemid 351525713)
51. Nelles G, Jentzen W, Jueptner M, Muller S, Diener HC. Arm training induced brain plasticity in stroke studied with serial positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 2001; 13: 1146-54. (Pubitemid 32553545)
52. Nico D, Daprati E, Rigal F, Parsons L, Sirigu A. Left and right hand recognition in upper limb amputees. Brain 2004; 127: 120-32. (Pubitemid 38055351)
53. Nudo RJ, Wise BM, SiFuentes F, Milliken GW. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science 1996; 272: 1791-4. (Pubitemid 26256399)
54. Page SJ. Imagery improves upper extremity motor function in chronic stroke patients: A pilot study. Occupat Ther J Res 2000; 20: 200-15. (Pubitemid 30497441)
55. Page SJ, Levine P, Khoury JC. Modified constraint-induced therapy combined with mental practice thinking through better motor outcomes. Stroke 2009; 40: 551-4.
56. Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard A. Mental practice in chronic stroke - results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2007; 38: 1293-7. (Pubitemid 351664256)
57. Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC. Effects of mental practice on affected limb use and function in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2005; 86: 399-402. (Pubitemid 40326616)
58. Page SJ, Levine P, Sisto SA, Johnston MV. Mental practice combined with physical practice for upper-limb motor deficit in subacute stroke. Phys Ther 2001a; 81: 1455-62. (Pubitemid 32718072)
59. Page SJ, Levine P, Sisto S, Johnston MV. A randomized efficacy and feasibility study of imagery in acute stroke. Clin Rehab 2001b; 15: 233-40. (Pubitemid 32471881)
60. Page SJ, Szaflarski JP, Eliassen JC, Pan H, Cramer SC. Cortical plasticity following motor skill learning during mental practice in stroke. Neurorehab Neural Repair 2009; 23: 382-8.
61. Parsons LM. Temporal and kinematic properties of motor behavior reflected in mentally simulated action. J Exp Psychol Hum Percep Perf 1994; 20: 709-30.
62. Parsons LM. Integrating cognitive psychology, neurology and neuroimaging. Acta Psychol 2001; 107: 155-81. (Pubitemid 33647318)
63. Parsons LM, Gabrieli JDE, Phelps EA, Gazzaniga MS. Cerebrally lateralized mental representations of hand shape and movement. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 6539-48. (Pubitemid 28373255)
64. Partridge C, Johnston M. Perceived control and recovery from stroke. Br J Clin Psychol 1989; 28: 53-9.
65. Pascual-Leone A, Dang N, Cohen LG, Brasilneto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor-skills. J Neurophysiol 1995; 74: 1037-45.
66. Pocock ST. Clinical trials: A practical guide. Chichester: Wiley; 1983.
67. Pollard B, Johnston M. Problems with the sickness impact profile: A theoretically based analysis and a proposal for a new method of implementation and scoring. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 921-35.
68. Pulvermuller F. Brain mechanisms linking language and action. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005; 6: 576-82. (Pubitemid 40942824)
69. Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D. Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors. Proc Roy Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 1996; 263: 377-86. (Pubitemid 26146167)
70. Rizzolatti G, Craighero L. The mirror-neuron system. Annu Rev Neurosci 2004; 27: 169-92. (Pubitemid 39050401)
71. Robertson IH, Murre JMJ. Rehabilitation of brain damage: brain plasticity and principles of guided recovery. Psychol Bull 1999; 125: 544-75.
72. Sharma N, Pomeroy VM, Baron JC. Motor imagery: A backdoor to the motor system after stroke? Stroke 2006; 37: 1941-52. (Pubitemid 44297755)
73. Sirigu A, Cohen L, Duhamel JR, Pillon B, Dubois B, Agid Y, et al. Congruent unilateral impairments for real and imagined hand movements. Neuroreport 1995; 6: 997-1001.
74. Sirigu A, Duhamel JR, Cohen L, Pillon B, Dubois B, Agid Y. The mental representation of hand movements after parietal cortex damage. Science 1996; 273: 1564-8.
75. Stevens JA, Stoykov MEP. Using motor imagery in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2003; 84: 1090-2. (Pubitemid 36835143)
76. van der Lee JH, Wagenaar RC, Lankhorst GJ, Vogelaar TW, Deville WL, Bouter LM. Forced use of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients - results from a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Stroke 1999; 30: 2369-75. (Pubitemid 29517737)
77. Weiller C. Recovery from motor stroke - human positron emission tomography studies. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 5: 282-91.
78. Yavuzer G, Selles R, Sezer N, Sutbeyaz S, Bussmann JB, Koseoglu F, et al. Mirror therapy improves hand function in subacute stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2008; 89: 393-8. (Pubitemid 351273169)
79. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiat Scand 1983; 67: 361-70. (Pubitemid 13098606)
80. Zimmermann-Schlatter A, Schuster C, Puhan MA, Siekierka E, Steurer J. Efficacy of motor imagery in post-stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehab 2008; 5: 8.