Methodological Variations in Guided Imagery Interventions Using Movement Imagery Scripts in Sport: A Systematic Review

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 13-34

  Williams, Sarah E ^a   Burns, Victoria E ^a   Cumming, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

bio informational theory; mental imagery; PETTLEP model

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925357791     PISSN: 2194637X     EISSN: 19320191     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2012-0005     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Ahsen, A. (1984). The triple code model for imagery and psychophysiology. Journal of Mental Imagery, 8, 15–42.
2. Callow, N., Hardy, L., & Hall, C. (2001). The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 389–400.
3. Callow, N., & Waters, A. (2005). The effect of kinaesthetic imagery on the sport confidence of flat-race horse jockeys. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 443–459.
4. Calmels, C., Holmes, P., Berthoumieux, C., & Singer, R. N. (2004). The development of movement imagery vividness through a structured intervention in softball. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 27, 307–322.
5. Choudhury, S., Charman, T., Bird, V., & Blakemore, S. (2007). Adolescent development of motor imagery in a visually guided pointing task. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 886–896.
6. Collet, C., Guillot, A., Lebon, F., Maclntyre, T., & Moran, A. (2011). Measuring motor imagery using psychometric, behavioural, and psychophysiological tools. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 39, 85–92.
7. Cumming, J., & Anderson, G. M. (2013). Guided imagery. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 881–883). New York, NY: Springer.
8. Cumming, J., Olphin, T., & Law, M. (2007). Physiological and self-reported responses to different motivational general mastery scripts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 29–644.
9. Cumming, J., & Ramsey, R. (2008). Imagery interventions in sport. In S. D. Mellalieu & S. Hanton (Eds.), Advances in applied sport psychology: A review (pp. 5–36). London: Routledge.
10. Cumming, J., & Ste-Marie, D. (2001). The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery training: A matter of perspective. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 276–288.
11. Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2012). Imagery: The role of imagery in performance. In S. Murphy (Ed.), Handbook of sport and performance psychology (pp. 213–232). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
12. Denis, M. (1995). Vividness of visual imagery and the evaluation of its effects on cognitive performance. In S. J. McKelvie (Ed.), Vividness of visual imagery. Measurement, nature, function and dynamics (pp. 136–138). New York, NY: Brandon House.
13. Dunbar-Jacob, J. (2012). Minimising threats to internal validity. In B.M. Melnyk & D. Morrisson-Beedy (Eds.), Intervention research: Designing, conducting, analysing, and funding (pp. 91–106). New York, NY: Springer.
14. Etnier, J. L., & Landers, D. M. (1996). The influence of procedural variables on the efficacy of mental practice. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 48–57.
15. Feltz, D., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 25–57.
16. Fournier, J. F., Calmels, C., Durand-Bush, N., & Salmela, J. H. (2005). Effects of a season-long PST program on gymnastic performance and on psychological skill development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3, 59–78.
17. Goss, S., Hall, C. R., Buckolz, E., & Fishburne, G. (1986). Imagery ability and the acquisition and retention of movements. Memory and Cognition, 14, 469–477.
18. Guillot, A., Nadrowska, E., & Collet, C. (2009). Using motor imagery to learn tactical movements in basketball. Journal of Applied Sport Behaviour, 32, 189–206.
19. Hall, C. R. (2001). Imagery in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 529–549). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
20. Hall, C. R., & Martin, K. (1997). Measuring movement imagery abilities: A revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Mental Imagery, 21, 143–154.
21. Hall, C. R., & Pongrac, J. (1983). Movement imagery questionnaire. London: University of Western Ontario.
22. Hanin, Y. L. (2000). Individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model: Emotions- performance relationships in sport. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 65–89). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
23. Hardy, L., & Fazey, J. (1990). Mental rehearsal. Leeds: National Coaching Foundation.
24. Hinshaw, K. E. (1991). The effects of mental practice on motor skill performance: Critical evaluation and meta-analysis. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 11, 3–35.
25. Hishitani, S. (1991). Vividness of image and retrieval time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 115–123.
26. Holmes, P. S., & Calmels, C. (2008). A neuroscientific review of imagery and observation use in sport. Journal of Motor Behaviour, 40, 433–445.
27. Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 60–83.
28. Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. J. (2002). Functional equivalence solutions for problems with motor imagery. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 120–140). London: Thomson.
29. Isaac, A., Marks, D., & Russel, D. (1986). An instrument for assessing imagery of movement. The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ). Journal of Mental Imagery, 10, 23–30.
30. Jeannerod, M. (1994). The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 17, 187–202.
31. Kosslyn, S. M., Ganis, G., & Thompson, W. L. (2001). Neural foundations of imagery. Neuroscience, 2, 635–642.
32. Lang, P. J. (1977). Imagery in therapy: An information processing analysis of fear. Behaviour Therapy, 8, 862–886.
33. Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, 195–512.
34. Lang, P. J., Kozak, M. J., Miller, G. A., Levin, D. N., & McLean, A. (1980). Emotional Imagery: Conceptual structure and pattern of somato-visceral response. Psychophysiology, 17, 179–192.
35. Lebon F., Collet, C., & Guillot, A. (2010). Benefits of motor imagery training on muscle strength. Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength & Conditioning Association, 24, 1680–1687.
36. Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomised controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83, 713–721.
37. Marczyk, G. R., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2010). Essentials of research design and methodology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
38. Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. R. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245–268.
39. Mellalieu, S., Hanton, S., & Thomas, O. (2009). The effects of a motivational general-arousal imagery intervention upon pre-performance symptoms in male rugby union players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 175–185.
40. Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. P. (2005). Imagery in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
41. Nordin, S., & Cumming, J. (2005). Professional dancers describe their imagery: Where, when, what, why, and how. The Sport Psychologist, 19, 395–416.
42. Orlick, T. (1990). In pursuit of excellence: How to win sport and life through mental training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
43. Pain, M. A., Harwood, C., & Anderson, R. (2011). Pre-competition imagery and music: The impact on flow and performance in competitive soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 212–232.
44. Paivio, A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 22–28.
45. Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations. New York: Oxford University Press.
46. Ramsey, R., Cumming, J., Edwards, M. G., Williams, S., & Brunning, C. (2010). Examining the emotion aspect of PETTLEP-based imagery with penalty taking in soccer. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33, 295–314.
47. Robin, N., Dominique, L., Toussaint, L., Blandin, Y., Guillot, A., & Le Her, M. (2007). Effects of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: The role of imagery ability. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 175–186.
48. Rodgers, W., Hall, C., & Buckolz, E. (1991). The effect of an imagery training program on imagery ability, imagery use, and figure skating performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3, 109–125.
49. Schick, J. (1970). Effects of mental practice on selected volleyball skills for college women. Research Quarterly, 41, 88–94.
50. Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2006). Effect of a psychological skills training program on swimming performance and positive psychological development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4, 149–169.
51. Shearer, D., Mellalieu, S., Thomson, R., & Shearer, C. (2008). The effects of an imagery intervention with motivational general mastery content upon collective efficacy perceptions for a novel team task. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 27, 293–311.
52. Skoura, X., Vinter, A., & Papaxanthis, C. (2009). Mentally simulated mental actions in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 34, 356–367.
53. Smith, D. (2011). Enhancing sports performance through imagery: The PETTLEP model explained with practical recommendations. The Sport and Exercise Scientist, 27, 18–19.
54. Smith, D., & Holmes, P. (2004). The effect of imagery modality on golf putting performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 385–395.
55. Smith, D., Holmes, P., Whitemore, L., Collins, D., & Devonport, T. (2001). The effect of theoretically-based imagery scripts on field hockey performance. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 24, 408–419.
56. Smith, D., Wright, C. J., Allsopp, A., & Westhead, H. (2007). It's all in the mind: PETTLEP-based imagery and sports performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 80–92.
57. Smith, D., Wright, C. J., & Cantwell, C. (2008). Beating the bunker: The effect of PETTLEP imagery on golf bunker shot performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79, 385–391.
58. Tate, R. L., McDonald, S., Perdices, M., Togher, L., Schultz, R., & Savage, S. (2008). Rating the methodological quality of single-subject designs and n-of-1 trails: Introducing the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) Scale. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18, 385–401.
59. Thelwell, R. C., & Greenlees, I. A. (2003). Developing competitive endurance performance using mental skills training. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 318–337.
60. Thomas, J. R., Nelson, K. N., Silverman, S. J. (2005). Research methods in physical activity (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
61. Velentzas, K., Heinen, T., & Schack, T. (2011). Routine integration strategies and their effects on volleyball serve performance and players' movement mental representation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23, 209–222.
62. Verhagen, A. P., de Vet, H. C. W., de Bie, R. A., Kessels A. G. H., Boers, M., Bouter, L. M., & Knipschild, P. G. (1998). The delphi list: A criteria list for quality assessment of randomised clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 1235–1241.
63. Vincent, W. J. (1999). Statistics in kinesiology (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
64. Wakefield, C., & Smith, D. (2009). Impact of differing frequencies of PETTLEP imagery on netball shooting performance. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 4, 1–12.
65. White, A., & Hardy, L. (1998). An in-depth analysis of the uses of imagery by high-level slalom canoeists and artistic gymnasts. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 387–403.
66. Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2011). Measuring athlete imagery ability: The sport imagery ability questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 416–440.
67. Williams, S. E., Cumming, J., & Balanos, G.M. (2010). The use of imagery to manipulate challenge and threat appraisal states in athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32, 339–358.
68. Williams, S. E., Cumming, J., Ntoumanis, N., Nordin-Bates, S. M., Ramsey, R., & Hall, C. (2012). Further validation and development of the movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34, 621–646.
69. Wilson, C., Smith, D., Burden, A., & Holmes, P. (2010). Participant-generated imagery scripts produce greater EMG activity and imagery ability. European Journal of Sport Science, 10, 417–425.
70. Wright, C. J., & Smith, D. (2009). The effect of PETTLEP imagery on strength performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7, 18–31.