메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 542-558

RNA:DNA hybrids are a novel molecular pattern sensed by TLR9

Author keywords

innate immune signalling; pathogen associated molecular pattern; RNA:DNA hybrid; TLR9

Indexed keywords

CD135 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9;

EID: 84898636091     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: 14602075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386117     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 1642443376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative three-dimensional analysis of the intracellular trafficking of plasmid DNA transfected by a nonviral gene delivery system using confocal laser scanning microscopy
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.01.005
    • Akita H, Ito R, Khalil IA, Futaki S, Harashima H, (2004) Quantitative three-dimensional analysis of the intracellular trafficking of plasmid DNA transfected by a nonviral gene delivery system using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Mol Ther 9: 443-451 (Pubitemid 38404534)
    • (2004) Molecular Therapy , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 443-451
    • Akita, H.1    Ito, R.2    Khalil, I.A.3    Futaki, S.4    Harashima, H.5
  • 2
    • 33746488193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid by-products and chronic inflammation
    • DOI 10.1038/ng0806-866, PII NG0806866
    • Alarcon-Riquelme ME, (2006) Nucleic acid by-products and chronic inflammation. Nat Genet 38: 866-867 (Pubitemid 44141652)
    • (2006) Nature Genetics , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 866-867
    • Alarcon-Riquelme, M.E.1
  • 3
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • DOI 10.1038/35099560
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA, (2001) Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413: 732-738 (Pubitemid 33009951)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , Issue.6857 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 4
    • 44049099357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of endocitic organelles by density gradient centrifugation
    • de Araujo ME, Huber LA, Stasyk T, (2008) Isolation of endocitic organelles by density gradient centrifugation. Methods Mol Biol 424: 317-331
    • (2008) Methods Mol Biol , vol.424 , pp. 317-331
    • De Araujo, M.E.1    Huber, L.A.2    Stasyk, T.3
  • 7
    • 77949940198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular toll-like receptors
    • Blasius AL, Beutler B, (2010) Intracellular toll-like receptors. Immunity 32: 305-315
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 305-315
    • Blasius, A.L.1    Beutler, B.2
  • 8
    • 0022516464 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of monoclonal antibody to DNA · RNA and its application to immunodetection of hybrids
    • DOI 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90040-2
    • Boguslawski SJ, Smith DE, Michalak MA, Mickelson KE, Yehle CO, Patterson WL, Carrico RJ, (1986) Characterization of monoclonal antibody to DNA.RNA and its application to immunodetection of hybrids. J Immunol Methods 89: 123-130 (Pubitemid 16079589)
    • (1986) Journal of Immunological Methods , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-130
    • Boguslawski, S.J.1    Smith, D.E.2    Michalak, M.A.3
  • 9
    • 0034332450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of murine dendritic cells from flt3-ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures
    • Brasel K, De Smedt T, Smith JL, Maliszewski CR, (2000) Generation of murine dendritic cells from flt3-ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures. Blood 96: 3029-3039
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 3029-3039
    • Brasel, K.1    De Smedt, T.2    Smith, J.L.3    Maliszewski, C.R.4
  • 10
    • 0037114134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells generated from Flt3 ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures are immature APCs
    • Brawand P, Fitzpatrick DR, Greenfield BW, Brasel K, Maliszewski CR, De Smedt T, (2002) Murine plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells generated from Flt3 ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures are immature APCs. J Immunol 169: 6711-6719 (Pubitemid 36899255)
    • (2002) Journal of Immunology , vol.169 , Issue.12 , pp. 6711-6719
    • Brawand, P.1    Fitzpatrick, D.R.2    Greenfield, B.W.3    Brasel, K.4    Maliszewski, C.R.5    De Smedt, T.6
  • 12
    • 2442450672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct Evidence that Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Functionally Binds Plasmid DNA by Specific Cytosine-phosphate-guanine Motif Recognition
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M313406200
    • Cornelie S, Hoebeke J, Schacht AM, Bertin B, Vicogne J, Capron M, Riveau G, (2004) Direct evidence that toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) functionally binds plasmid DNA by specific cytosine-phosphate-guanine motif recognition. J Biol Chem 279: 15124-15129 (Pubitemid 38618907)
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.15 , pp. 15124-15129
    • Cornelie, S.1    Hoebeke, J.2    Schacht, A.-M.3    Bertin, B.4    Vicogne, J.5    Capron, M.6    Riveau, G.7
  • 15
    • 43949144252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome: An important Mendelian mimic of congenital infection
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02062.x
    • Crow YJ, Livingston JH, (2008) Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome: an important Mendelian mimic of congenital infection. Dev Med Child Neurol 50: 410-416 (Pubitemid 351699582)
    • (2008) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 410-416
    • Crow, Y.J.1    Livingston, J.H.2
  • 16
    • 84862855875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid sensing at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity in vaccination
    • Desmet CJ, Ishii KJ, (2012) Nucleic acid sensing at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity in vaccination. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 479-491
    • (2012) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 479-491
    • Desmet, C.J.1    Ishii, K.J.2
  • 17
    • 1542317550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1093616
    • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C, (2004) Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 303: 1529-1531 (Pubitemid 38314425)
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , Issue.5663 , pp. 1529-1531
    • Diebold, S.S.1    Kaisho, T.2    Hemmi, H.3    Akira, S.4    Reis E Sousa, C.5
  • 19
    • 0033524339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 virions produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes are more infectious than those from nonproliferating macrophages due to higher levels of intravirion reverse transcripts: Implications for pathogenesis and transmission
    • DOI 10.1006/viro.1998.9465
    • Dornadula G, Zhang H, Shetty S, Pomerantz RJ, (1999) HIV-1 virions produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes are more infectious than those from nonproliferating macrophages due to higher levels of intravirion reverse transcripts: implications for pathogenesis and transmission. Virology 253: 10-16 (Pubitemid 29391554)
    • (1999) Virology , vol.253 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Dornadula, G.1    Zhang, H.2    Shetty, S.3    Pomerantz, R.J.4
  • 21
    • 84856301080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity initiates in nonhematopoietic cells and progresses via lymphocytes in an interferon-dependent autoimmune disease
    • Gall A, Treuting P, Elkon KB, Loo YM, Gale M Jr, Barber GN, Stetson DB, (2012) Autoimmunity initiates in nonhematopoietic cells and progresses via lymphocytes in an interferon-dependent autoimmune disease. Immunity 36: 120-131
    • (2012) Immunity , vol.36 , pp. 120-131
    • Gall, A.1    Treuting, P.2    Elkon, K.B.3    Loo, Y.M.4    Gale, Jr.M.5    Barber, G.N.6    Stetson, D.B.7
  • 23
    • 77955195871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating novel proteins by combining design and selection
    • Grove TZ, Hands M, Regan L, (2010) Creating novel proteins by combining design and selection. Protein Eng Des Sel 23: 449-455
    • (2010) Protein Eng des Sel , vol.23 , pp. 449-455
    • Grove, T.Z.1    Hands, M.2    Regan, L.3
  • 24
    • 40249088259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA Sugar Backbone 2′ Deoxyribose Determines Toll-like Receptor 9 Activation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.01.013, PII S1074761308000770
    • Haas T, Metzger J, Schmitz F, Heit A, Muller T, Latz E, Wagner H, (2008) The DNA sugar backbone 2 deoxyribose determines toll-like receptor 9 activation. Immunity 28: 315-323 (Pubitemid 351335308)
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-323
    • Haas, T.1    Metzger, J.2    Schmitz, F.3    Heit, A.4    Muller, T.5    Latz, E.6    Wagner, H.7
  • 25
    • 0032476602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation
    • DOI 10.1093/emboj/17.21.6230
    • Hacker H, Mischak H, Miethke T, Liptay S, Schmid R, Sparwasser T, Heeg K, Lipford GB, Wagner H, (1998) CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation. EMBO J 17: 6230-6240 (Pubitemid 28497796)
    • (1998) EMBO Journal , vol.17 , Issue.21 , pp. 6230-6240
    • Hacker, H.1    Mischak, H.2    Miethke, T.3    Liptay, S.4    Schmid, R.5    Sparwasser, T.6    Heeg, K.7    Lipford, G.B.8    Wagner, H.9
  • 30
    • 0024517436 scopus 로고
    • A multisubstrate adduct inhibitor of a purine biosynthetic enzyme with a picomolar dissociation constant
    • DOI 10.1021/jm00125a002
    • Inglese J, Blatchly RA, Benkovic SJ, (1989) A multisubstrate adduct inhibitor of a purine biosynthetic enzyme with a picomolar dissociation constant. J Med Chem 32: 937-940 (Pubitemid 19122138)
    • (1989) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 937-940
    • Inglese, J.1    Blatchly, R.A.2    Benkovic, S.J.3
  • 32
    • 79960466171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune sensing of retroviral infection via Toll-like receptor 7 occurs upon viral entry
    • Kane M, Case LK, Wang C, Yurkovetskiy L, Dikiy S, Golovkina TV, (2011) Innate immune sensing of retroviral infection via Toll-like receptor 7 occurs upon viral entry. Immunity 35: 135-145
    • (2011) Immunity , vol.35 , pp. 135-145
    • Kane, M.1    Case, L.K.2    Wang, C.3    Yurkovetskiy, L.4    Dikiy, S.5    Golovkina, T.V.6
  • 36
    • 40749098665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNC93B1 delivers nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors to endolysosomes
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06726, PII NATURE06726
    • Kim YM, Brinkmann MM, Paquet ME, Ploegh HL, (2008) UNC93B1 delivers nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors to endolysosomes. Nature 452: 234-238 (Pubitemid 351380247)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , Issue.7184 , pp. 234-238
    • Kim, Y.-M.1    Brinkmann, M.M.2    Paquet, M.-E.3    Ploegh, H.L.4
  • 41
    • 33947134377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1136880
    • Lee HK, Lund JM, Ramanathan B, Mizushima N, Iwasaki A, (2007) Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Science 315: 1398-1401 (Pubitemid 46399546)
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , Issue.5817 , pp. 1398-1401
    • Lee, H.K.1    Lund, J.M.2    Ramanathan, B.3    Mizushima, N.4    Iwasaki, A.5
  • 43
    • 84863129261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA binding to proteolytically activated TLR9 is sequence-independent and enhanced by DNA curvature
    • Li Y, Berke IC, Modis Y, (2012) DNA binding to proteolytically activated TLR9 is sequence-independent and enhanced by DNA curvature. EMBO J 31: 919-931
    • (2012) EMBO J , vol.31 , pp. 919-931
    • Li, Y.1    Berke, I.C.2    Modis, Y.3
  • 44
    • 0035710746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -ΔΔCT method
    • DOI 10.1006/meth.2001.1262
    • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD, (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25: 402-408 (Pubitemid 34164012)
    • (2001) Methods , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-408
    • Livak, K.J.1    Schmittgen, T.D.2
  • 45
    • 0042123694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
    • DOI 10.1084/jem.20030162
    • Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R, Iwasaki A, (2003) Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Exp Med 198: 513-520 (Pubitemid 36976063)
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Medicine , vol.198 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-520
    • Lund, J.1    Sato, A.2    Akira, S.3    Medzhitov, R.4    Iwasaki, A.5
  • 47
    • 0028201732 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance, danger, and the extended family
    • Matzinger P, (1994) Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol 12: 991-1045 (Pubitemid 24140436)
    • (1994) Annual Review of Immunology , vol.12 , pp. 991-1045
    • Matzinger, P.1
  • 52
    • 56349114913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolytic cleavage in an endolysosomal compartment is required for activation of Toll-like receptor 9
    • Park B, Brinkmann MM, Spooner E, Lee CC, Kim YM, Ploegh HL, (2008) Proteolytic cleavage in an endolysosomal compartment is required for activation of Toll-like receptor 9. Nat Immunol 9: 1407-1414
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 1407-1414
    • Park, B.1    Brinkmann, M.M.2    Spooner, E.3    Lee, C.C.4    Kim, Y.M.5    Ploegh, H.L.6
  • 53
    • 34249782859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of extracellular DNA during the clearance of dead and dying cells
    • DOI 10.1080/08916930701358826, PII 778899545
    • Pisetsky DS, Fairhurst AM, (2007) The origin of extracellular DNA during the clearance of dead and dying cells. Autoimmunity 40: 281-284 (Pubitemid 46845521)
    • (2007) Autoimmunity , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 281-284
    • Pisetsky, D.S.1    Fairhurst, A.-M.2
  • 55
    • 0031851748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of persistent RNA-DNA hybrid structures within the origin of replication of human cytomegalovirus
    • Prichard MN, Jairath S, Penfold ME, St Jeor S, Bohlman MC, Pari GS, (1998) Identification of persistent RNA-DNA hybrid structures within the origin of replication of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 72: 6997-7004 (Pubitemid 28377826)
    • (1998) Journal of Virology , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 6997-7004
    • Prichard, M.N.1    Jairath, S.2    Penfold, M.E.T.3    St. Jeor, S.4    Bohlman, M.C.5    Pari, G.S.6
  • 57
    • 79952431682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of Epstein-Barr virus lytic replication requires transcription and the formation of a stable RNA-DNA hybrid molecule at OriLyt
    • Rennekamp AJ, Lieberman PM, (2011) Initiation of Epstein-Barr virus lytic replication requires transcription and the formation of a stable RNA-DNA hybrid molecule at OriLyt. J Virol 85: 2837-2850
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 2837-2850
    • Rennekamp, A.J.1    Lieberman, P.M.2
  • 58
    • 10744221686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of natural interferon-α producing cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) in autoimmunity
    • DOI 10.1080/08916930310001602128
    • Ronnblom L, Eloranta ML, Alm GV, (2003) Role of natural interferon-alpha producing cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 36: 463-472 (Pubitemid 37498242)
    • (2003) Autoimmunity , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 463-472
    • Ronnblom, L.1    Eloranta, M.-L.2    Alm, G.V.3
  • 59
    • 0034767753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral actions of interferons
    • DOI 10.1128/CMR.14.4.778-809.2001
    • Samuel CE, (2001) Antiviral actions of interferons. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 778-809 (Pubitemid 32979631)
    • (2001) Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 778-809
    • Samuel, C.E.1
  • 60
    • 2342520028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Transfers Extracellular DNA Plasmid to the Nuclear Compartment of Mammalian Cells via Lipid Rafts and Proteoglycan-dependent Endocytosis
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M311440200
    • Sandgren S, Wittrup A, Cheng F, Jonsson M, Eklund E, Busch S, Belting M, (2004) The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 transfers extracellular DNA plasmid to the nuclear compartment of mammalian cells via lipid rafts and proteoglycan-dependent endocytosis. J Biol Chem 279: 17951-17956 (Pubitemid 38568102)
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.17 , pp. 17951-17956
    • Sandgren, S.1    Wittrup, A.2    Cheng, F.3    Jonsson, M.4    Eklund, E.5    Busch, S.6    Belting, M.7
  • 62
    • 0034699340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of CpG DNA is mediated by signaling pathways dependent on the adaptor protein MyD88
    • Schnare M, Holt AC, Takeda K, Akira S, Medzhitov R, (2000) Recognition of CpG DNA is mediated by signaling pathways dependent on the adaptor protein MyD88. Curr Biol 10: 1139-1142
    • (2000) Curr Biol , vol.10 , pp. 1139-1142
    • Schnare, M.1    Holt, A.C.2    Takeda, K.3    Akira, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 63
    • 0014682495 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme from calf thymus degrading the RNA moiety of DNA-RNA hybrids: Effect on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    • Stein H, Hausen P, (1969) Enzyme from calf thymus degrading the RNA moiety of DNA-RNA hybrids: effect on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Science 166: 393-395
    • (1969) Science , vol.166 , pp. 393-395
    • Stein, H.1    Hausen, P.2
  • 64
    • 67049134634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections between antiviral defense and autoimmunity
    • Stetson DB, (2009) Connections between antiviral defense and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 21: 244-250
    • (2009) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 244-250
    • Stetson, D.B.1
  • 65
    • 49549100511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity
    • Stetson DB, Ko JS, Heidmann T, Medzhitov R, (2008) Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity. Cell 134: 587-598
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 587-598
    • Stetson, D.B.1    Ko, J.S.2    Heidmann, T.3    Medzhitov, R.4
  • 66
    • 0019949367 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate
    • Summers J, Mason WS, (1982) Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 29: 403-415 (Pubitemid 12024833)
    • (1982) Cell , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 403-415
    • Summers, J.1    Mason, W.S.2
  • 67
    • 4043065769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necessity of oligonucleotide aggregation for toll-like receptor 9 activation
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M311662200
    • Wu CC, Lee J, Raz E, Corr M, Carson DA, (2004) Necessity of oligonucleotide aggregation for toll-like receptor 9 activation. J Biol Chem 279: 33071-33078 (Pubitemid 39062950)
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.32 , pp. 33071-33078
    • Wu, C.C.N.1    Lee, J.2    Raz, E.3    Corr, M.4    Carson, D.A.5
  • 68
    • 0037114185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: A novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-β promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling
    • Yamamoto M, Sato S, Mori K, Hoshino K, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Akira S, (2002) Cutting edge: a novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling. J Immunol 169: 6668-6672 (Pubitemid 36899248)
    • (2002) Journal of Immunology , vol.169 , Issue.12 , pp. 6668-6672
    • Yamamoto, M.1    Sato, S.2    Mori, K.3    Hoshino, K.4    Takeuchi, O.5    Takeda, K.6    Akira, S.7
  • 72
    • 0037302292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylated serine residues and an arginine-rich domain of the moloney murine leukemia virus p12 protein are required for early events of viral infection
    • DOI 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1820-1829.2003
    • Yueh A, Goff SP, (2003) Phosphorylated serine residues and an arginine-rich domain of the moloney murine leukemia virus p12 protein are required for early events of viral infection. J Virol 77: 1820-1829 (Pubitemid 36109994)
    • (2003) Journal of Virology , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 1820-1829
    • Yueh, A.1    Goff, S.P.2
  • 73
    • 79959344720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DDX1, DDX21, and DHX36 helicases form a complex with the adaptor molecule TRIF to sense dsRNA in dendritic cells
    • Zhang Z, Kim T, Bao M, Facchinetti V, Jung SY, Ghaffari AA, Qin J, Cheng G, Liu YJ, (2011) DDX1, DDX21, and DHX36 helicases form a complex with the adaptor molecule TRIF to sense dsRNA in dendritic cells. Immunity 34: 866-878
    • (2011) Immunity , vol.34 , pp. 866-878
    • Zhang, Z.1    Kim, T.2    Bao, M.3    Facchinetti, V.4    Jung, S.Y.5    Ghaffari, A.A.6    Qin, J.7    Cheng, G.8    Liu, Y.J.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.