Hypocholesterolaemic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl flavanones enriched fraction from bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia): "In vivo" studies

Journal of Functional Foods

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 558-568

  Di Donna, Leonardo ^a   Iacopetta, Domenico ^a   Cappello, Anna R ^a   Gallucci, Giselda ^a   Martello, Emanuela ^a   Fiorillo, Marco ^a   Dolce, Vincenza ^a   Sindona, Giovanni ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bergamot fruit; Brutieridin; High density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein; Melitidin; Statin like compounds

Indexed keywords

CITRUS; CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA; RATTUS;

EID: 84898020562     PISSN: 17564646     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.029     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Arsenault B.J., Rana J.S., Stroes E.S., Despres J.P., Shah P.K., Kastelein J.J., et al. Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009, 55(1):35-41.
2. Balbisi E.A. Management of hyperlipidemia: New LDL-C targets for persons at high-risk for cardiovascular events. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 2006, 12(2):RA34-RA39.
3. Barreca D., Bellocco E., Caristi C., Leuzzi U., Gattuso G. Flavonoid composition and antioxidant activity of juices from Chinotto (Citrus × myrtifolia Raf.) fruits at different ripening stages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 58(5):3031-3036.
4. Berliner J.A., Heinecke J.W. The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1996, 20(5):707-727.
5. Bijaoui N. Bergamot and its use in perfumery. Citrus bergamia-bergamot and its derivatives 2013, Vol. 51:467-473. CCR Press, Boca Raton, FL.
6. Bligh E.G., Dyer W.J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 1959, 37(8):911-917.
7. Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L. A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 1986, 232(4746):34-47.
8. Cappello A.R., Guido C., Santoro A., Santoro M., Capobianco L., Montanaro D., et al. The mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) is present and regulates insulin secretion by human male gamete. Endocrinology 2012, 153(4):1743-1754.
9. Caputi Jambrenghi A., Paglialonga G., Gnoni A., Zanotti F., Giannico F., Vonghia G., et al. Changes in lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activities in liver of lambs fed omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2007, 147(3):498-503.
10. Chen Z.Y., Ma K.Y., Liang Y.T., Peng C., Zuo Y.Y. Role and classification of cholesterol-lowering functional foods. Journal of Functional Foods 2011, 3(2):61-69.
11. Chinapongtitiwat V., Jongaroontaprangsee S., Chiewchan N., Devahastin S. Important flavonoids and limonin in selected Thai citrus residues. Journal of Functional Foods 2013, 5(3):1151-1158.
12. deGoma E.M., Rader D.J. Novel HDL-directed pharmacotherapeutic strategies. Nature Reviews of Cardiology 2011, 8(5):266-277.
13. Di Donna L., De Luca G., Mazzotti F., Napoli A., Salerno R., Taverna D., et al. Statin-like principles of bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia): Isolation of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonoid glycosides. Journal of Natural Products 2009, 72(7):1352-1354.
14. Di Donna L., Taverna D., Mazzotti F., Benabdelkamel H., Attya M., Napoli A., et al. Comprehensive assay of flavanones in citrus juices and beverages by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and derivatization chemistry. Food Chemistry 2013, 141(3):2328-2333.
15. Dolce V., Cappello A.R., Lappano R., Maggiolini M. Glycerophospholipid synthesis as a novel drug target against cancer. Current Molecular Pharmacology 2011, 4(3):167-175.
16. Dugo P., Presti M.L., Ohman M., Fazio A., Dugo G., Mondello L. Determination of flavonoids in citrus juices by micro-HPLC-ESI/MS. Journal of Separation Science 2005, 28(11):1149-1156.
17. Duncan I.W., Culbreth P.H., Burtis C.A. Determination of free, total, and esterified cholesterol by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 1979, 162(3):281-292.
18. Gattuso G., Caristi C., Gargiulli C., Bellocco E., Toscano G., Leuzzi U. Flavonoid glycosides in bergamot juice (Citrus bergamia Risso). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54(11):3929-3935.
19. Goldstein J.L., Brown M.S. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 1990, 343(6257):425-430.
20. Gorinstein S., Leontowicz H., Leontowicz M., Krzeminski R., Gralak M., Delgado-Licon E., et al. Changes in plasma lipid and antioxidant activity in rats as a result of naringin and red grapefruit supplementation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2005, 53(8):3223-3228.
21. Gorinstein S., Leontowicz H., Leontowicz M., Krzeminski R., Gralak M., Martin-Belloso O., et al. Fresh Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices affect plasma lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in rats fed added cholesterol. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2004, 52(15):4853-4859.
22. Iacopetta D., Lappano R., Cappello A.R., Madeo M., De Francesco E.M., Santoro A., et al. SLC37A1 gene expression is up-regulated by epidermal growth factor in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2010, 122(3):755-764.
23. Iacopetta D., Madeo M., Tasco G., Carrisi C., Curcio R., Martello E., et al. A novel subfamily of mitochondrial dicarboxylate carriers from Drosophila melanogaster: Biochemical and computational studies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2011, 1807(3):251-261.
24. Kevekordes S., Mersch-Sundermann V., Burghaus C.M., Spielberger J., Schmeiser H.H., Arlt V.M., et al. SOS induction of selected naturally occurring substances in Escherichia coli (SOS Chromotest). Mutation Research 1999, 445(1):81-91.
25. Knutson T.P., Daniel A.R., Fan D., Silverstein K.A., Covington K.R., Fuqua S.A., et al. Phosphorylated and sumoylation-deficient progesterone receptors drive proliferative gene signatures during breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Research 2012, 14(3):R95.
26. Kong W.J., Wei J., Zuo Z.Y., Wang Y.M., Song D.Q., You X.F., et al. Combination of simvastatin with berberine improves the lipid-lowering efficacy. Metabolism 2008, 57(8):1029-1037.
27. Krause B.R., Newton R.S. Lipid-lowering activity of atorvastatin and lovastatin in rodent species: Triglyceride-lowering in rats correlates with efficacy in LDL animal models. Atherosclerosis 1995, 117(2):237-244.
28. Kurzawa-Zegota M., Najafzadeh M., Baumgartner A., Anderson D. The protective effect of the flavonoids on food-mutagen-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from colon cancer patients. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2012, 50(2):124-129.
29. Lo Curto R. Use of juice and by-products. Citrus bergamia-bergamot and its derivatives 2013, Vol. 51. CCR Press, Roca Baton, FL.
30. Lunetti P., Cappello A.R., Marsano R.M., Pierri C.L., Carrisi C., Martello E., et al. Mitochondrial glutamate carriers from Drosophila melanogaster: Biochemical, evolutionary and modeling studies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2013, 1827(10):1245-1255.
31. Madeo M., Carrisi C., Iacopetta D., Capobianco L., Cappello A.R., Bucci C., et al. Abundant expression and purification of biologically active mitochondrial citrate carrier in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 2009, 41(3):289-297.
32. Marzetta C.A., Foster D.M., Brunzell J.D. Conversion of plasma VLDL and IDL precursors into various LDL subpopulations using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Journal of Lipid Research 1990, 31(6):975-984.
33. Miceli N., Mondello M.R., Monforte M.T., Sdrafkakis V., Dugo P., Crupi M.L., et al. Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2007, 55(26):10671-10677.
34. Miller J.P. Hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Lipidology 1996, 7(1):U18-U24.
35. Mollace V., Sacco I., Janda E., Malara C., Ventrice D., Colica C., et al. Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: From animal models to human studies. Fitoterapia 2011, 82(3):309-316.
36. Monforte M.T., Trovato A., Kirjavainen S., Forestieri A.M., Galati E.M., Lo Curto R.B. Biological effects of hesperidin, a Citrus flavonoid. (note II): Hypolipidemic activity on experimental hypercholesterolemia in rat. Farmaco 1995, 50(9):595-599.
37. Muci M.R., Cappello A.R., Vonghia G., Bellitti E., Zezza L., Gnoni G.V. Change in cholesterol levels and in lipid fatty acid composition in safflower oil fed lambs. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 1992, 62(4):330-333.
38. Nijveldt R.J., van Nood E., van Hoorn D.E., Boelens P.G., van Norren K., van Leeuwen P.A. Flavonoids: A review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 74(4):418-425.
39. Nogata Y., Sakamoto K., Shiratsuchi H., Ishii T., Yano M., Ohta H. Flavonoid composition of fruit tissues of citrus species. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 2006, 70(1):178-192.
40. Passalacqua N.G., De Fine G., Guarrera P.M. Contribution to the knowledge of the veterinary science and of the ethnobotany in Calabria region (Southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2006, 2:52.
41. Quillardet P., Hofnung M. The SOS Chromotest: A review. Mutation Research 1993, 297(3):235-279.
42. Rai S.K., Sharma M., Tiwari M. Inhibitory effect of novel diallyldisulfide analogs on HMG-CoA reductase expression in hypercholesterolemic rats: CREB as a potential upstream target. Life Sciences 2009, 85(5-6):211-219.
43. Rapisarda A., Germanò M.P. Citrus × bergamia Risso & Poiteau botanical classification, morphology and anatomy. Citrus bergamia-bergamot and its derivatives 2013, Vol. 51:9-11. CCR Press, Boka Raton, FL.
44. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993, 362(6423):801-809.
45. Ross S.D., Allen I.E., Connelly J.E., Korenblat B.M., Smith M.E., Bishop D., et al. Clinical outcomes in statin treatment trials: A meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999, 159(15):1793-1802.
46. Santolla M.F., Lappano R., De Marco P., Pupo M., Vivacqua A., Sisci D., et al. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor mediates the up-regulation of fatty acid synthase induced by 17beta-estradiol in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012, 287(52):43234-43245.
47. Sato R. Sterol metabolism and SREBP activation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2010, 501(2):177-181.
48. Scharnagl H., Schinker R., Gierens H., Nauck M., Wieland H., Marz W. Effect of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin on the metabolism of cholesterol and triacylglycerides in HepG2 cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 2001, 62(11):1545-1555.
49. Srinivasan S., Pani L. Antihyperlipidemic effect of diosmin: A citrus flavonoid on lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. Journal of Functional Foods 2013, 5(1):484-492.
50. Stancu C.S., Toma L., Sima A.V. Dual role of lipoproteins in endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Cell and Tissue Research 2012, 349(2):433-446.
51. Steinberg D. Lipoproteins and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circulation 1987, 76(3):508-514.
52. Trombetta D., Cimino F., Cristani M., Mandalari G., Saija A., Ginestra G., et al. In vitro protective effects of two extracts from bergamot peels on human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2010, 58(14):8430-8436.
53. Trovato A., Taviano M.F., Pergolizzi S., Campolo L., De Pasquale R., Miceli N. Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Phytotherapy Research 2010, 24(4):514-519.
54. Witztum E. Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics 1996, 875-877. McGraw-Hill, New York. 9th ed.
55. Zara V., Dolce V., Capobianco L., Ferramosca A., Papatheodorou P., Rassow J., et al. Biogenesis of eel liver citrate carrier (CIC): Negative charges can substitute for positive charges in the presequence. Journal of Molecular Biology 2007, 365(4):958-967.