Social Networks and Employment: Outcomes (Part 2)

Sociology Compass

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1013-1026

  Castilla, Emilio J ^a   Lan, George J ^a   Rissing, Ben A ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889595374     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17519020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12095     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Ahuja, Gautam. 2000. 'Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study.' Administrative Science Quarterly 45(3): 425-455.
2. Aral, Sinan and Marshall Van Alstyne 2011. 'The Diversity-Bandwidth Trade-off.' American Journal of Sociology 117(1): 90-171.
3. Beckman, Christine M. and Damon J. Phillips 2005. 'Interorganizational Determinants of Promotion: Client Leadership and the Attainment of Women Attorneys.' American Sociological Review 70(4): 678-701.
4. Bian, Yanjie. 1997. 'Bringing Strong Ties Back in: Indirect Ties, Network Bridges, and Job Searches in China.' American Sociological Review 62(3): 366-385.
5. Breaugh, James A. 1981. 'Relationships Between Recruiting Sources and Employee Performance, Absenteeism, and Work Attitudes.' Academy of Management Journal 24(1): 142-147.
6. Breaugh, James A. and Rebecca B. Mann 1984. 'Recruiting Source Effects: A Test of Two Alternative Explanations.' Journal of Occupational Psychology 57(4): 261-267.
7. Briscoe, Forrest and Katherine C. Kellogg 2011. 'The Initial Assignment Effect.' American Sociological Review 76(2): 291-319.
8. Burt, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Burt, Ronald S. 2002. 'Bridge Decay.' Social Networks 24(4): 333-363.
10. Burt, Ronald S. 2004. 'Structural Holes and Good Ideas.' American Journal of Sociology 110(2): 349-399.
11. Burt, Ronald S. 2005. Brokerage and Closure: An Introduction to Social Capital. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
12. Buskens, Vincent and Arnout Van de Rijt 2008. 'Dynamics of Networks if Everyone Strives for Structural Holes.' American Journal of Sociology 114(2): 371-407.
13. Caldwell, David F. and W. Austin Spivey 1983. 'The Relationship between Recruiting Source and Employee Success: An Analysis by Race.' Personnel Psychology 36(1): 67-72.
14. Calvó-Armengol, Antoni- and Matthew O. Jackson 2004. 'The Effects of Social Networks on Employment and Inequality.' American Economic Review 94(3): 426-454.
15. Cappelli, Peter. 2008. Employment Relations: The Future of White Collar Work. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
16. Casciaro, Tiziana- and Miguel Sousa Lobo 2008. 'When Competence is Irrelevant: The Role of Interpersonal Affect in Task-Related Ties.' Administrative Science Quarterly 53(4): 655-684.
17. Castilla, Emilio J. 2003. 'Networks of Venture Capital Firms in Silicon Valley.' International Journal of Technology Management 25(1/2): 113-135.
18. Castilla, Emilio J. 2005. 'Social Networks and Employee Performance in a Call Center.' American Journal of Sociology 110(5): 1243-1283.
19. Castilla, Emilio J. 2008. 'Gender, Race, and Meritocracy in Organizational Careers.' American Journal of Sociology 113(6): 1479-1526.
20. Castilla, Emilio J. 2011. 'Bringing Managers Back in: Managerial Influences on Workplace Inequality.' American Sociological Review 76(5): 667-694.
21. Castilla, Emilio J. and Stephen Benard 2010. 'The Paradox of Meritocracy in Organizations.' Administrative Science Quarterly 55(4): 543-576.
22. Castilla, Emilio J., Hokyu Hwang, Mark Granovetter, and Ellen Granovetter 2000. 'Social Networks in Silicon Valley." Pp. 218-247 (Chapter 11) in The Silicon Valley Edge: A Habitat for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, edited by Chong-Moon Lee, William F. Miller, Henry Rowen and Marguerite Hancock Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
23. Cingano, Federico and Alfonso Rosolia 2012. 'People I Know: Job Search and Social Networks.' Journal of Labor Economics 30(2): 291-332.
24. Coleman, James S., Elihu Katz, and Herbert Menzel 1957. 'The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians.' Sociometry 20(4): 253-270.
25. Collins, Christopher J. and Kevin D. Clark 2003. 'Strategic Human Resource Practices, Top Management Team Social Networks, and Firm Performance: The Role of Human Resource Practices in Creating Organizational Competitive Advantage.' Academy of Management Journal 46(6): 740-751.
26. Cook, Karen S. and Richard M. Emerson 1978. 'Power, Equity, and Commitment in Exchange Networks.' American Sociological Review 43(5): 712-739.
27. Cook, Karen S., Richard M. Emerson, Mary R. Gillmore, and Toshio Yamagishi 1983. 'The Distribution of Power in Exchange Networks: Theory and Experimental Results.' American Journal of Sociology 89(2): 275-305.
28. Cross, Rob and Jonathon N. Cummings 2004. 'Tie and Network Correlates of Individual Performance in Knowledge-Intensive Work.' Academy of Management Journal 47(6): 928-937.
29. DiMaggio, Paul J. and Walter W. Powell 1983. 'The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.' American Sociological Review 48(2): 147-160.
30. DiPrete, Thomas A., Gregory M. Eirich, and Mathew Pittinsky 2010. 'Compensation Benchmarking, Leapfrogs, and the Surge in Executive Pay.' American Journal of Sociology 115(6): 1671-1712.
31. Dobbin, Frank. 2009. Inventing Equal Opportunity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32. Dokko, Gina and Lori Rosenkopf 2010. 'Social Capital for Hire? Mobility of Technical Professionals and Firm Influence in Wireless Standards Committees.' Organization Science 21(3): 677-695.
33. Drentea, Patricia. 1998. "Consequences of Women's Formal and Informal Job Search Methods for Employment in Female-Dominated Jobs. Gender and Society 12(3): 321-338.
34. Durkheim, Emile. 1964. The Division of Labor in Society. New York, NY: Free Press.
35. Elliott, James R. 2001. 'Referral Hiring and Ethnically Homogenous Jobs: How Prevalent Is the Connection and for Whom.' Social Science Research 30(3): 401-425.
36. Emerson, Richard M. 1962. 'Power-Dependence Relations.' American Sociological Review 27(1): 31-41.
37. Feld, Scott L. 1981. 'The Focused Organization of Social Ties.' American Journal of Sociology 86(5): 1015-1035.
38. Fernandez, Roberto M. 2010. 'Creating Connections for the Disadvantaged: Networks and Labor Market Intermediaries at the Hiring Interface.' MIT Sloan School Working Paper No. 4778-10.
39. Fernandez, Roberto M. and Isabel Fernandez-Mateo 2006. 'Networks, Race, and Hiring.' American Sociological Review 71(1): 42-71.
40. Fernandez, Roberto M. and M. Lourdes Sosa 2005. 'Gendering the Job: Networks and Recruitment at a Call Center.' American Journal of Sociology 111(3): 859-904.
41. Fernandez, Roberto M. and Nancy Weinberg 1997. 'Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank.' American Sociological Review 62(6): 883-902.
42. Fernandez, Roberto M., Emilio J. Castilla, and Paul Moore 2000. 'Social Capital at Work: Networks and Employment at a Phone Center.' American Journal of Sociology 105(5): 1288-1356.
43. Franzen, Axel and Dominik Hangartner 2006. 'Social Networks and Labour Market Outcomes: The Non-Monetary Benefits of Social Capital.' European Sociological Review 22(4): 353-368.
44. Gargiulo, Martin, Gokhan Ertug, and Charles Galunic 2009. 'The Two Faces of Control: Network Closure and Individual Performance Among Knowledge Workers.' Administrative Science Quarterly 54(2): 299-333.
45. Gerber, Theodore P. and Olga Mayorova 2010. 'Getting Personal: Networks and Stratification in the Russian Labor Market, 1985-2001.' American Journal of Sociology 116(3): 855-908.
46. Grannis, Rick. 2010. 'Six Degrees of 'Who Cares?'' American Journal of Sociology 115(4): 991-1017.
47. Granovetter, Mark. 1973. 'The Strength of Weak Ties.' American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360-1380.
48. Granovetter, Mark. 1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Second Edition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
49. Green, Gary Paul, Leann M. Tigges, and Daniel Diaz 1999. 'Racial and Ethnic Differences in Job-Search Strategies in Atlanta, Boston, and Los Angeles.' Social Science Quarterly 80(2): 263-278.
50. Groysberg, Boris, Linda-Eling Lee, and Ashish Nanda 2008. 'Can They Take It with Them? The Portability of Star Knowledge Workers' Performance.' Management Science 54(7): 1213-1230.
51. Hansen, Morten T. 1999. 'The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits.' Administrative Science Quarterly 44(1): 82-111.
52. Hansen, Morten T. 2002. 'Knowledge Networks: Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies.' Organization Science 13(3): 232-248.
53. Ho, Violet T. and Laurie L. Levesque 2005. 'With a Little Help from My Friends (and Substitutes): Social Referents and Influence in Psychological Contract Fulfillment.' Organization Science 16(3): 275-289.
54. Holzer, Harry J. 1988. 'Search Method Use by Unemployed Youth.' Journal of Labor Economics 6(1): 1-20.
55. Huckman, Robert S. and Gary P. Pisano 2006. 'The Firm Specificity of Individual Performance: Evidence from Cardiac Surgery.' Management Science 52(4): 473-488.
56. Ibarra, Herminia. 1992. 'Homophily and Differential Returns: Sex Differences in Network Structure and Access in an Advertising Firm.' Administrative Science Quarterly 37(3): 422-447.
57. Ibarra, Herminia. 1995. 'Race, Opportunity, and Diversity of Social Circles in Managerial Networks.' Academy of Management Journal 38(3): 673-703.
58. Ingram, Paul and Peter W. Roberts 2000. 'Friendships among Competitors in the Sydney Hotel Industry.' American Journal of Sociology 106(2): 387-423.
59. James, Erika Hayes. 2000. 'Race-Related Differences in Promotions and Support: Underlying Effects of Human and Social Capital.' Organization Science 11(5): 493-508.
60. Koput, Kenneth W. and Joseph P. Broshak 2011. Social Capital in Business. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
61. Lin, Nan. 1999. 'Social Networks and Status Attainment.' Annual Review of Sociology 25: 467-487.
62. Lin, Nan, Walter M. Ensel, and John C. Vaughn 1981. 'Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment.' American Sociological Review 46(4): 393-405.
63. Lieberman, S. 1956. 'The Effects of Changes in Roles on the Attitudes of Role Occupants.' Human Relations 9(4): 385-402.
64. Lizardo, Omar. 2006. 'How Cultural Tastes Shape Personal Networks.' American Sociological Review 71(5): 778-807.
65. Locke, Richard M. 2013. The Promise and Limits of Private Power: Promoting Labor Standards in a Global Economy. First Edition. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
66. Locke, Richard M., Ben A. Rissing, and Timea Pal 2013. 'Complements or Substitutes? Private Codes, State Regulation and the Enforcement of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chains.' British Journal of Industrial Relations 51(3): 519-552.
67. Maoret, Massimo. 2013. Reunited: Exploring the Effects of Tie Reactivation on Newcomers' Performance in Interdependent Organizations. Doctoral Dissertation.
68. Marin, Alexandra. 2012. 'Don't Mention It: Why People Don't Share Job Information, When They Do, and Why It Matters.' Social Networks 34(2): 181-192.
69. Marsden, Peter V. and Elizabeth H. Gorman 2001. 'Social Networks, Job Changes, and Recruitment.' in Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes, edited by Ivar E. Berg and Arne L. Kalleberg New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
70. Marsden, Peter V. and Jeanne S. Hurlbert 1988. 'Social Resources and Mobility Outcomes: A Replication and Extension.' Social Forces 66(4): 1038-1059.
71. Marx, Matt, Deborah Strumsky, and Lee Fleming 2009. 'Mobility, Skills, and the Michigan Non-Compete Experiment.' Management Science 55(6): 875-889.
72. Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels 1978. The Marx-Engels Reader. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
73. Maurer, Indre and Mark Ebers 2006. 'Dynamics of Social Capital and Their Performance Implications: Lessons from Biotechnology Start-Ups.' Administrative Science Quarterly 51(2): 262-292.
74. McDonald, Steve. 2005. 'Patterns of Informal Job Matching across the Work Career: Entry-Level, Reentry-Level, and Elite Non-Searching.' Sociological Inquiry 75(3): 403-428.
75. McDonald, Steve. 2011. What's In The 'Old Boys' Network? Accessing Social Capital in Gendered and Racialized Networks. Social Networks 33(4): 317-330.
76. McDonald, Steve, Nan Lin, and Dan Ao 2009. 'Networks of Opportunity: Gender, Race, and Job Leads.' Social Problems 56(3): 385-402.
77. McDonald, Steve and Glen H. Elder, Jr. 2006. 'When Does Social Capital Matter? Non-Searching for Jobs across the Life Course.' Social Forces 85(1): 521-550.
78. McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook 2001. 'Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.' Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415-444.
79. Mechanic, David. 1962. 'Sources of Power of Lower Participants in Complex Organizations.' Administrative Science Quarterly 7(3): 349-364.
80. Medoff, J. L. and K. G. Abraham 1980. 'Experience, Performance, and Earnings.' Quarterly Review of Economics XCV: 703-736.
81. Medoff, J. L. and K. G. Abraham 1981. 'Are Those Paid More Really More Productive? The Case of Experience.' Journal of Human Resources 16(2): 186-216.
82. Mencken, F. Carson and Idee Winfield 1998. 'In Search of the "Right Stuff:" The Advantages and Disadvantages of Informal and Formal Recruiting Practices in External Labor Markets.' American Journal of Economics and Sociology 57(2): 135-153.
83. Meyer, John W. and Brian Rowan 1977. 'Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.' American Journal of Sociology 83(2): 340-363.
84. Milton, Laurie P. and James D. Westphal 2005. 'Identity Confirmation Networks and Cooperation in Work Groups.' Academy of Management Journal 48(2): 191-212.
85. Montgomery, James D. 1991. 'Social Networks and Labor-Market Outcomes: Toward an Economic Analysis.' American Economic Review 81(5): 1408-1418.
86. Montgomery, James D. 1992. 'Job Search and Network Composition: Implications of the Strength-of-Weak-Ties Hypothesis.' American Sociological Review 57(5): 586-596.
87. Morrison, Elizabeth W. 2002. 'Newcomers' Relationships: The Role of Social Network Ties During Socialization.' Academy of Management Journal 45(6): 1149-1160.
88. Mouw, Ted. 2003. 'Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter?' American Sociological Review 68(6): 868-898.
89. Mouw, Ted. 2006. 'Estimating the Causal Effect of Social Capital: A Review of Recent Research.' Annual Review of Sociology 32: 79-102.
90. Obukhova, Elena. 2012. 'Motivation vs. Relevance: Using Strong Ties to Find a Job in Urban China.' Social Science Research 41(3): 570-580.
91. Obukhova, Elena and George J. Lan 2013. 'Do Job Seekers Benefit from Contacts? A Direct Test with Contemporaneous Searches.' Management Science. Online Version. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.1120.1701
92. Pellizzari, Michele. 2010. 'Do Friends and Relatives Really Help in Getting a Good Job?' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 63(3): 494-510.
93. Petersen, Trond and Laurie Morgan 1995. 'Separate and Unequal: Occupation-Establishment Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap.' American Journal of Sociology 101(2): 329-365.
94. Petersen, Trond, Ishak Saporta, and Marc-David L. Seidel 2000. 'Offering a Job: Meritocracy and Social Networks.' American Journal of Sociology 106(3): 763-816.
95. Podolny, Joel M. and James N. Baron 1997. 'Relationships and Resources: Social Networks and Mobility in the Workplace.' American Sociological Review 62(5): 673-693.
96. Reagans, Ray and Bill McEvily 2003. 'Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range.' Administrative Science Quarterly 48(2): 240-267.
97. Reagans, Ray and Ezra W. Zuckerman 2008. 'Why Knowledge Does Not Equal Power: The Network Redundancy Trade-Off.' Industrial and Corporate Change 17(5): 903-944.
98. Reagans, Ray and Ezra W. Zuckerman 2001. 'Networks, Diversity, and Productivity: The Social Capital of Corporate R&D Teams.' Organization Science 12(4): 502-517.
99. Reagans, Ray, Ezra W. Zuckerman, and Bill McEvily 2004. 'How to Make the Team: Social Networks vs. Demography as Criteria for Designing Effective Teams.' Administrative Science Quarterly 49(1): 101-133.
100. Reskin, Barbara and Irene Padavic 1994. Women and Men at Work. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
101. Right Management. 2013. 'Most Expect to Get New Job by Networking.' Online document available at http://www.right.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2013-press-releases/item24727.aspx.
102. Rosenkopf, Lori, Anca Metiu, and Varghese P. George 2001. "From the Bottom Up? Technical Committee Activity and Alliance Formation." Administrative Science Quarterly 46(4): 748-772.
103. Royster, Deirdre A. 2003. Race and the Invisible Hand: How White Networks Exclude Black Men from Blue-Collar Jobs. First Edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
104. Rubineau, Brian and Roberto M. Fernandez 2013. 'Missing Links: Referrer Behavior and Job Segregation.' Management Science Online Version. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2013.1717
105. Ryall, Michael D. and Olav Sorenson 2007. 'Brokers and Competitive Advantage.' Management Science 53(4): 566-583.
106. Seibert, Scott E., Maria L. Kraimer, and Robert C. Liden 2001. 'A Social Capital Theory of Career Success.' Academy of Management Journal 44(2): 219-237.
107. Seidel, Marc-David L., Jeffrey T. Polzer, and Katherine J. Stewart 2000. 'Friends in High Places: The Effects of Social Networks on Discrimination in Salary Negotiations.' Administrative Science Quarterly 45(1): 1-24.
108. Small, Mario L. 2009. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
109. Smith, Edward Bishop, Tanya Menon, and Leigh Thompson 2012. 'Status Differences in the Cognitive Activation of Social Networks.' Organization Science 23(1): 67-82.
110. Smith, Sandra S. 2005. 'Don't Put My Name on It: Social Capital Activation and Job-Finding Assistance among the Black Urban Poor.' American Journal of Sociology 111(1): 1-57.
111. Smith-Doerr, Laura and Walter W. Powell 2005. 'Networks and Economic Life.' Pp. 379-402 in Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg New York, NY: Princeton University Press.
112. Soda, Giuseppe, Alessandro Usai, and Akbar Zaheer 2004. 'Network Memory: The Influence of Past and Current Networks on Performance.' Academy of Management Journal 47(6): 893-906.
113. Sørensen, Jesper B. 2004. 'The Organizational Demography of Racial Employment Segregation.' American Journal of Sociology 110(3): 626-671.
114. Sorenson, Olav and David M. Waguespack, 2006. 'Social Structure and Exchange: Self-Confirming Dynamics in Hollywood.' Administrative Science Quarterly 51(4): 560-589.
115. Sorenson, Olav and Pino G. Audia 2000. 'The Social Structure of Entrepreneurial Activity: Geographic Concentration of Footwear Production in the United States, 1940-1989.' American Journal of Sociology 106(2): 424-461.
116. Sparrowe, Raymond T., Robert C. Liden, Sandy J. Wayne, and Maria L. Kraimer 2001. 'Social Networks and the Performance of Individuals and Groups.' Academy of Management Journal 44(2): 316-325.
117. Srivastava, Sameer B. 2012. 'Situational Uncertainty, Cognition, and Social Capital Activation in Organizations.' Dissertation Chapter.
118. Straits, B. C. 1998. 'Occupational Sex Segregation: The Role of Personal Ties.' Journal of Vocational Behavior 52(2): 191-207.
119. Strang, David and Michael W. Macy 2001. 'In Search of Excellence: Fads, Success Stories, and Adaptive Emulation.' American Journal of Sociology 107(1): 147-182.
120. Stuart, Toby E., Ha Hoang, and Ralph Hybels 1999. 'Interorganizational Endorsements and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Ventures.' Administrative Science Quarterly 44(2): 315-349.
121. Swaroff, Phillip, Lizabeth Barclay, and Alan Bass 1985. 'Recruiting Sources: Another Look.' Journal of Applied Psychology 70(4): 720-728.
122. Umphress, Elizabeth Eve, Giuseppe Joe Labianca, Daniel J. Brass, Edward Eli Kass, and Lotte Scholten 2003. 'The Role of Instrumental and Expressive Social Ties in Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Justice.' Organization Science 14(6): 738-753.
123. Uzzi, Brian. 1997. 'Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness.' Administrative Science Quarterly 42(1): 35-67.
124. Uzzi, Brian. 1999. 'Embeddedness in the Making of Financial Capital: How Social Relations and Networks Benefit Firms Seeking Financing.' American Sociological Review 64(4): 481-505.
125. Vaisey, Stephen and Omar Lizardo 2010. 'Can Cultural Worldviews Influence Network Composition?' Social Forces 88(4): 1595-1618.
126. Weber, Max. 2008 [1930]. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism with Other Writings on the Rise of the West. Fourth Edition. Edited by Stephen Kalberg New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
127. Willer, David. 1999. Network Exchange Theory. New York, NY: Praeger.
128. Westphal, James D., Ranjay Gulati, and Stephen M. Shortell 1997. 'Customization or Conformity? An Institutional and Network Perspective on the Content and Consequences of TQM Adoption.' Administrative Science Quarterly 42(2): 366-394.
129. Yakubovich, Valery. 2005. 'Weak Ties, Information, and Influence: How Workers Find Jobs in a Local Russian Labor Market.' American Sociological Review 70(3): 408-421.
130. Zuckerman, Ezra W. 2003. 'On Networks and Markets by Rauch and Cassella, eds.' Journal of Economic Literature 41(2): 545-565.