Framing the game: Assessing the impact of cultural representations on consumer perceptions of legitimacy

Journal of Consumer Research

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 773-795

  Humphreys, Ashlee ^a   Latour, Kathryn A ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Cornell University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887178553     PISSN: 00935301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/672358     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Ajzen, Icek, and Martin Fishbein (1977), "Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research," Psychological Bulletin, 84 (5), 888.
2. Alba, Joseph W., and J. Wesley Hutchinson (1987), "Dimensions of Consumer Expertise," Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (4), 411-54.
3. Aldrich, Howard E., and C. Marlene Fiol (1994), "Fools Rush In? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation," Academy of Management Review, 19 (4), 645-70.
4. Alliance for Audited Media (2012), "Circulation Report for Daily Newspapers," Alliance for Audited Media, Arlington Heights, IL, http://www.auditedmedia.com/news/research-and-data/top-25-us-newspapers-for-september-2012.aspx.
5. American Gaming Association (2004), "2004 State of the States: The AGA Survey of Casino Entertainment," ed. American Gaming Association, www.americangaming.org.
6. American Gaming Association (2012), "Gaming vs. Gambling," http://www.americangaming.org/industry-resources/research/fact-sheets/gamingvs-gambling.
7. Asbury, Herbert (1938), Sucker's Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America from the Colonies to Canfield, New York: Dodd Mead.
8. Barsalou, Lawrence W. (1992), "Frames, Concepts, and Conceptual Fields," in Frames, Fields, and Contrasts: New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organization, ed. Adrienne Lehrer and Eva Feder Kittay, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 21-74.
9. Baum, Joel A. C., and Walter W. Powell (1995), "Cultivating an Institutional Ecology of Organizations: Comment on Hannan, Carrol, Dundon, and Torres," American Sociological Review, 60 (4), 529.
10. Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow (2000), "Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment," Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611-39.
11. Bitektine, Alex (2011), "Toward a Theory of Social Judgments of Organizations: The Case of Legitimacy, Reputation, and Status," Academy of Management Review, 36 (1), 151-79.
12. Chartrand, Tanya L., Joel Huber, Baba Shiv, and Robin J. Tanner (2008), "Nonconscious Goals and Consumer Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (2), 189-201.
13. Coskuner-Balli, Gokcen, and Craig J. Thompson (2013), "The Status Costs of Subordinate Cultural Capital: At-Home Fathers' Collective Pursuit of Cultural Legitimacy through Capitalizing Consumption Practices," Journal of Consumer Research, 40 (June), 19-41, doi:10.1086/668640.
14. Cotte, June, and Kathryn A. Latour (2009), "Blackjack in the Kitchen: Understanding Online versus Casino Gambling," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (5), 742-58.
15. Deephouse, David L. (1996), "Does Isomorphism Legitimate?" Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), 1024-39.
16. Deephouse, David L., and Suzanne M. Carter (2005), "An Examination of Differences between Organizational Legitimacy and Organizational Reputation," Journal of Management Studies, 42 (2), 329-51.
17. Deighton, John, and Kent Grayson (1995), "Marketing and Seduction: Building Exchange Relationships by Managing Social Consensus," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (4), 660-75.
18. DiMaggio, Paul (1997), "Culture and Cognition," Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 263-87.
19. Dowling, John, and Jeffrey Pfeffer (1975), "Organizational Legitimacy," Pacific Sociological Review, 18 (1), 122-36.
20. Durkheim, Émile (1895/1982), The Rules of Sociological Method, New York: Free Press.
21. Elsbach, Kimberly D. (1994), "Managing Organizational Legitimacy in the California Cattle Industry: The Construction and Effectiveness of Verbal Accounts," Administrative Science Quarterly, 39 (1), 57-89.
22. Fillmore, Charles J. (1976), "Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech, 280 (1), 20-32.
23. Fillmore, Charles J. (1982), "Frame Semantics," in Linguistics in the Morning Calm, Seoul: Hanshin, 111-37.
24. Fitzsimons, Gavan J., J.Wesley Hutchinson, PattiWilliams, Joseph W. Alba, Tanya L. Chartrand, Joel Huber, Frank R. Kardes, Geeta Menon, Priya Raghubir, J. Edward Russo, Baba Shiv, and Nader T. Tavassoli (2002), "Non-conscious Influences on Consumer Choice," Marketing Letters, 13 (3), 269-79.
25. Freeman, John, Glenn R. Campbell, and Michael T. Hannan (1986), "The Liability of Newness: Age Dependence in Organizational Death Rates," American Sociological Review, 48 (5), 692-710.
26. Gamson, William A. (1989), "News as Framing," American Behavioral Scientist, 33 (2), 157-61.
27. Gamson, William A. (1992), Talking Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Gamson, William A., David Croteau, William Hoynes, and Theodore Sasson (1992), "Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality," Annual Review of Sociology, 18 (1), 373-93.
29. Gamson, William A., and Andre Modigliani (1989), "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach," American Journal of Sociology, 95 (1), 1-37.
30. Gibson, Bryan (2008), "Can Evaluative Conditioning Change Attitudes toward Mature Brands? New Evidence from the Implicit Association Test," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (1), 178-88.
31. Giesler, Markus (2012), "How Doppelganger Brand Images Influence the Market Creation Process: Longitudinal Insights from the Rise of Botox Cosmetic," Journal of Marketing, 76 (6), 55-68.
32. Goffman, Erving (1974), Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
33. Golant, Benjamin D., and John A. A. Sillince (2007), "The Constitution of Organizational Legitimacy: A Narrative Perspective," Organization Studies, 28 (8), 1149-67.
34. Greenwald, Anthony G., Brian A. Nosek, and Mahzarin R. Banaji (2003), "Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: I. An Improved Scoring Algorithm," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85 (2), 197-216.
35. Grewal, Rajdeep, and Ravi Dharwadkar (2002), "The Role of the Institutional Environment in Marketing Channels," Journal of Marketing, 66 (3), 82-98.
36. Handelman, Jay M., and Stephen J. Arnold (1999), "The Role of Marketing Actions with a Social Dimension: Appeals to the Institutional Environment," Journal of Marketing, 63 (3), 33-49.
37. Hannan, Michael T., and Glenn R. Campbell (1995), "Theory Building and Cheap Talk about Legitimation: Reply to Baum and Powell," American Sociological Review, 60 (4), 539-44.
38. Hannan, Michael T., and John Freeman (1986), "Where Do Organizational Forms Come From?" Sociological Forum, 1 (1), 50-72.
39. Hayes, Andrew F. (2012), "PROCESS: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Process Modeling," White Paper, http://afhayes.com/introduction-to-mediation-moderation-and-conditionalprocess-analysis.html.
40. Higgins, E. T., J. A. Bargh, and W. J. Lombardi (1985), "Nature of Priming Effects on Categorization," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11 (1), 59-69.
41. Humphreys, Ashlee (2010a), "Megamarketing: The Creation of Markets as a Social Process," Journal of Marketing, 74 (2), 1-19.
42. Humphreys, Ashlee (2010b), "Semiotic Structure and the Legitimation of Consumption Practices: The Case of Casino Gambling," Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (October), 490-510.
43. Jensen, Michael (2010), "Legitimizing Illegitimacy: How Creating Market Identity Legitimizes Illegitimate Products," in Categories in Markets: Origins and Evolution, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 31, ed. G. Negro, G. Hsu, and O. Kocak, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 39-80.
44. Jepperson, Ronald L. (1991), "Institutions, Institutional Effects, and Institutionalism," in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, ed. Walter Powell and Paul Dimaggio, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
45. Johnson, Cathryn, Timothy J. Dowd, Cecilia L. Ridgeway, Karen S. Cook, and Douglas S. Massey (2006), "Legitimacy as a Social Process," Annual Review of Sociology, 32 (1), 53-79.
46. Johnson, Robert C. (1966), "The Lotteries of the Virginia Company, 1612-1621," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 74 (3), 259-92.
47. Kates, Steven M. (2004), "The Dynamics of Brand Legitimacy: An Interpretive Study in the Gay Men's Community," Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (2), 455-65.
48. Keller, Kevin Lane, Brian Sternthal, and Alice Tybout (2002), "Three Questions You Need to Ask about Your Brand," Harvard Business Review, 80 (9), 80-86.
49. Lakoff, George (1987), Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Lakoff, George (2006), Thinking Points: Communicating Our American Values and Vision: A Progressive's Handbook, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
51. Lakoff, George, and Sam Ferguson (2006), The Framing of Immigration, Berkeley, CA: Rockridge Institute.
52. Lemann, Nicholas (2000), "The Word Lab: The Mad Science behind What the Candidates Say," New Yorker, October 16, 100.
53. Lynley, Mark (2012), "Mark Pincus Says Online Gambling Is a 'Natural Fit' for Zynga's Games," San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Gate, February 29, http://www.sfgate.com/cgibin/article.cgi?fp/g/a/2012/02/29/businessinsidermarkpincus-says-onlDTL.
54. Meyer, John W., and W. Richard Scott (1983), Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
55. Moreau, C. Page, Arthur B. Markman, and Donald R. Lehmann (2001), "'What Is It?' Categorization Flexibility and Consumers' Responses to Really New Products," Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (4), 489-98.
56. Ogunnaike, Oludamini, Yarrow Dunham, and Mahzarin R. Banaji (2010), "The Language of Implicit Preferences," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46 (6), 999-1003.
57. Pennebaker, James W., Martha E. Francis, and Roger J. Booth (2007), Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Liwc): Liwc2007, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
58. Peracchio, Laura A., and Alice M. Tybout (1996), "The Moderating Role of Prior Knowledge in Schema-Based Product Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (3), 177-92.
59. Preacher, Kristopher J., Derek D. Rucker, and Andrew F. Hayes (2007), "Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods and Prescriptions," Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42 (1), 185-227.
60. Raghunathan, Rajagopal, Rebecca Walker Naylor, and Wayne D. Hoyer (2006), "The Unhealthy p Tasty Intuition and Its Effects on Taste Inferences, Enjoyment, and Choice of Food Products," Journal of Marketing, 70 (4), 170-84.
61. Rao, Hayagreeva (2002), "Tests Tell: Constitutive Legitimacy and Consumer Acceptance of the Automobile: 1895-1912," Advances in Strategic Management, 19, 307-35.
62. Rao, Hayagreeva, Philippe Monin, and Rodolphe Durand (2005), "Border Crossing: Bricolage and the Erosion of Categorical Boundaries in French Gastronomy," American Sociological Review, 70 (6), 968-91.
63. Rosa, Jose Antonio, Joseph F. Porac, Jelena Runser-Spanjol, and Michael S. Saxon (1999), "Sociocognitive Dynamics in a Product Market," Journal of Marketing, 63 (4), 64-78.
64. Rosch, Eleanor, and Carolyn B. Mervis (1975), "Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories," Cognitive Psychology, 7 (4), 573-605.
65. Roush, Chris (1993), "So Much for the Puritan Heritage," Business Week, October 18, 82.
66. Ruef, Martin, and W. Richard Scott (1998), "A Multidimensional Model of Organizational Legitimacy: Hospital Survival in Changing Institutional Environments," Administrative Science Quarterly, 43 (4), 877-904.
67. Scaraboto, Daiane, and Eileen Fischer (2013), "Frustrated Fatshionistas: An Institutional Theory Perspective on Consumer Quests for Greater Choice in Mainstream Markets," Journal of Consumer Research, 39 (April), 1234-57, doi:10.1086/668298.
68. Schmitt, Bernd H., and Shi Zhang (1998), "Language Structure and Categorization: A Study of Classifiers in Consumer Cognition, Judgment, and Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 25 (2), 108-22.
69. Schudson, Michael (2003), The Sociology of News, New York: Norton.
70. Schwarz, Norbert (2004), "Metacognitive Experiences in Consumer Judgment and Decision Making," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14 (4), 332-48.
71. Scott, W. Richard (1995), Institutions and Organizations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
72. Shepherd, Dean A., and Andrew Zacharakis (2003), "A New Venture's Cognitive Legitimacy: An Assessment by Customers," Journal of Small Business Management, 41 (2), 148-67.
73. Sherif, Muzafer, and Carl Iver Hovland (1961), Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
74. Silver, Nate (2011), "After 'Black Friday,' American Poker Faces Cloudy Future," Five Thirty Eight, New York Times, http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/20/after-blackfriday-american-poker-faces-cloudy-future/, accessed April 20, 2011.
75. Snow, David A., E. Burke Rochford Jr., Steven K. Worden, and Robert D. Benford (1986), "Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation," American Sociological Review, 51 (4), 464-81.
76. Strauss, Anselm L., and Juliet M. Corbin (1990), Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
77. Suchman, Mark C. (1995), "Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches," Academy of Management Review, 20 (3), 571-611.
78. Tulving, E., and D. L. Schacter (1990), "Priming and Human Memory Systems," Science, 247 (4940), 301-6.
79. Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman (1981), "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice," Science, 211 (4481), 453-58.
80. Weber, Max (1922/1978), Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, Berkeley: University of California Press.
81. Weber, Max (1930/2002), The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism and Other Writings, New York: Penguin Books.
82. Whorf, Benjamin Lee (1956), Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings, Cambridge: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
83. Woodruff, Christopher, and Susan Gregory (2005), "Profile of Internet Gamblers: Betting on the Future," UNLV Gaming Research and Review Journal, 9 (1), 1-13.
84. Yamauchi, Takashi, and Na-Yung Yu (2008), "Category Labels versus Feature Labels: Category Labels Polarize Inferential Predictions," Memory and Cognition, 36 (3), 544-53.
85. Zeitz, Gerald, Vikas Mittal, and Brian McAulay (1999), "Distinguishing Adoption and Entrenchment of Management Practices: A Framework for Analysis," Organization Studies, 20 (5), 741-76.
86. Zerubavel, Eviatar (1991), The Fine Line: Making Distinctions in Everyday Life, New York: Free Press.
87. Zhao, Xinshu, John G. Lynch, and Qimei Chen (2010), "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (2), 197-206.
88. Zimmerman, Monica A., and Gerald J. Zeitz (2002), "Beyond Survival: Achieving New Venture Growth by Building Legitimacy," Academy of Management Review, 27 (3), 414-31.