Helping teams to help themselves: Comparing two team-led debriefing methods

Personnel Psychology

Volumn 66, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 975-1008

  Eddy, Erik R ^a   Tannenbaum, Scott I ^b   Mathieu, John E ^c  

^a SIENA COLLEGE   (United States)

^b The Group for Organizational Effectiveness (gOE) Inc   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886285544     PISSN: 00315826     EISSN: 17446570     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/peps.12041     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Allen JA, Baran BE, Scott CW. (2010). After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 750-757.
2. Anderson CA, Lindsay JJ, Bushman BJ. (1999). Research in psychological laboratory: Truth of triviality? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 3-9.
3. Balzer WK, Doherty ME, O'Connor R. (1989). Effects of cognitive feedback on performance. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 410-433.
4. Bandura A, Cervone D. (1983). Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1017-1028.
5. Barmeyer CI. (2004). Learning styles and their impact on cross-cultural training: An international comparison in France, Germany, and Quebec. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 577-594.
6. Barrick MR, Stewart GL, Neubert MJ, Mount MK. (1998). Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 377-391.
7. Bell ST, Marentette BJ. (2011). Team viability for long-term and ongoing organizational teams. Organizational Psychology Review, 1, 275-292.
8. Burke LA, Hutchins HM. (2007). Training transfer: An integrative literature review. Human Resource Developmental Review, 6, 263-296.
9. Cannon-Bowers JA, Tannenbaum SI, Salas E, Volpe CE. (1995). Defining team competencies: Implications for training requirements and strategies. In Guzzo R, Salas E (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations (pp. 333-380). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
10. Chen G, Gogus CI. (2008). Motivation in and of work teams: A multilevel perspective. In Kanfer R, Chen G, Pritchard RD (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (pp. 285-318). New York, NY: Routledge.
11. Chen G, Kanfer R. (2006). Toward a systems theory of motivated behavior in work teams. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 223-267.
12. Chen G, Kanfer R, DeShon RP, Mathieu JE, Kozlowski SWJ. (2009). The motivating potential of teams: Test and extension of Chen and Kanfer's (2006) cross-level model of motivation in teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110, 45-55.
13. Chen G, Mathieu JE, Bliese PD. (2004). A framework for conducting multilevel construct validation. In Dansereau FJ, Yammarino F (Eds.), Research in multi-level issues: The many faces of multi-level issues (Vol. 3, pp. 273-303). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
14. Cook TD, Campbell DT. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
15. Cooper MR, Wood MT. (1974). Effects of member participation and commitment in group decision making on influence, satisfaction, and decision riskiness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 127-134.
16. DeChurch LA, Haas CD. (2008). Examining team planning through an episodic lens effects of deliberate, contingency, and reactive planning on team effectiveness. Small Group Research, 39, 542-568.
17. DeChurch LA, Mesmer-Magnus JR. (2010). Measuring shared team mental models: A meta-analysis. Group Dynamics, 14, 1-14.
18. DeRue DS, Nahrgang JD, Hollenbeck JR, Workman K. (2012). A quasi-experimental study of after-event reviews and leadership development. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 997-1015.
19. DeRue DS, Wellman N. (2009). Developing leaders via experience: The role of developmental challenge, learning orientation, and feedback availability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 859-875.
20. DeShon RP, Kozlowski SWJ, Schmidt AM, Milner KR, Wiechmann D. (2004). A multiple-goal, multilevel model of feedback effects on the regulation of individual and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 1035-1056.
21. DeVita MA, Schaefer J, Lutz J, Wang H, Dongilli T. (2005). Improving medical emergency team (MET) performance using a novel curriculum and a computerized human patient simulator. Quality and Safety in Healthcare, 14, 326-331.
22. Dismukes RK, Jobe KK, McDonnell LK. (2000). Facilitating LOFT debriefings: A critical analysis. In Dismukes RK, Smith GM (Eds.), Facilitation in aviation training and operations (pp. 13-25). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
23. Eckes G. (2002). Six sigma team dynamics: The elusive key to project success. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
24. Ellis APJ, Bell BS, Ployhart RE, Hollenbeck JR, Ilgen DR. (2005). An evaluation of generic teamwork skills training with action teams: Effects on cognitive and skill-based outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 58, 641-672.
25. Ellis APJ, Hollenbeck JR, Ilgen DR, Porter CO, West BJ, Moon H. (2003). Team learning: Collectively connecting the dots. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 821-835.
26. Ellis S, Davidi I. (2005). After-event reviews: Drawing lessons from successful and failed experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 857-871.
27. Ellis S, Kruglanski AW. (1992). Self as an epistemic authority: Effects on experiential and instructional learning. Social Cognition, 10, 357-375.
28. Fanning RM, Gaba DM. (2007). The role of debriefing in simulation-based learning. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 2, 115-125.
29. Gigone D, Hastie R. (1993). The common knowledge effect: Information sharing and group judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 959-974.
30. Group for Organizational Effectiveness, Inc. (2011). Debriefs: A powerful tool for enhancing team effectiveness (White Paper). Albany, NY: gOE Inc.
31. Hackman JR. (1982). Studying organizations: Innovations in methodology (six monographs). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
32. Hackman JR. (1987). The design of work teams. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
33. Hinsz VB, Tindale RS, Vollrath DA. (1997). The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 43-64.
34. Hirst G. (2009). Effects of membership change on open discussion and team performance: The moderating role of team tenure. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18, 231-249.
35. Hollenbeck JR, Beersma B, Schouten ME. (2012). Beyond team types and taxonomies: A dimensional scaling conceptualization for team description. Academy of Management Review, 37, 82-106.
36. Hollenbeck JR, Williams CR, Klein HJ. (1989). An empirical examination of the antecedents of commitment to difficult goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 18-23.
37. Homan AC, Hollenbeck JR, Humphrey SE, van Knippenberg D, Ilgen DR, van Kleef GA. (2008). Facing differences with an open mind: Openness to experience, salience of intragroup differences, and performance of diverse work groups. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 1204-1222.
38. Ilgen DR, Hollenbeck JR, Johnson M, Jundt D. (2005). Teams in organizations: From I-P-O models to IMOI models. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 517-543.
39. James LR, Demaree RG, Wolf G. (1984). Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 85-98.
40. Janz BD, Colquitt JA, Noe RA. (1997). Knowledge worker team effectiveness: The role of autonomy, interdependence, team development, and contextual support variables. Personnel Psychology, 50, 877-904.
41. Karau SJ, Kelly JR. (1992). The effects of time scarcity and time abundance on group performance quality and interaction process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 542-571.
42. Kerr NL, MacCoun RJ, Kramer GP. (1996). Bias in judgment: Comparing individuals and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 687-719.
43. Kim PH. (1997). When what you know can hurt you: A study of experiential effects on group discussion and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 165-177.
44. Kinni T. (2003). Getting smarter every day: How can you turn organizational learning into continual on-the-job behavior? Harvard Management Update, February, 3-4.
45. Kukenberger MR, Mathieu JE, Ruddy TM. (in press). Cross-level test of empowerment and process influences on members' informal learning and team commitment. Journal of Management.
46. Lahuis DM, Avis JM. (2007). Using multilevel random coefficient modeling to investigate rater effects in performance ratings. Organizational Research Methods, 10, 97-107.
47. Langfred CW. (2000). The paradox of self management: Individual and group autonomy in work groups. Journal of Organizational Behaviors, 2, 563-585.
48. Larson JR Jr., Foster-Fishman PG, Keys CB. (1994). Discussion of shared and unshared information in decision making groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 446-461.
49. LePine JA, Piccolo RF, Jackson CL, Mathieu JE, Saul JR. (2008). A meta-analysis of teamwork processes: Tests of a multidimensional model and relationships with team effectiveness criteria. Personnel Psychology, 61, 273-307.
50. Lester SW, Meglino BM, Korsgaard MA. (2002). The antecedents and consequences of group potency: A longitudinal investigation of newly formed work groups. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 352-368.
51. Littlepage G, Robison W, Reddington K. (1997). Effects of task experience and group experience on group performance, member ability, and recognition of expertise. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 133-147.
52. Marks MA, Mathieu JE, Zaccaro SJ. (2001). A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes. Academy of Management Review, 26, 356-376.
53. Marsick VJ, Volpe M. (1999). The nature and need for informal learning. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 1, 1-9.
54. Mathieu J, Maynard MT, Rapp T, Gilson L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997-2007: A review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. Journal of Management, 34, 410-476.
55. Mathieu JE, Marks MA. (2006). Team process items. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut.
56. Mathieu JE, Maynard MT, Taylor SR, Gilson LL, Ruddy TM. (2007). An examination of the effects of organizational district and team contexts on team processes and performance: A meso-mediational model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 891-910.
57. Mathieu JE, Rapp TL. (2009). Laying the foundation for successful team performance trajectories: The roles of team charters and performance strategies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 90-103.
58. Mathieu JE, Taylor S. (2006). Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1031-1056.
59. Mathieu JE, Taylor S. (2007). A framework for testing meso-mediational relationships in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 141-172.
60. Mesmer-Magnus JR, DeChurch LA. (2009). Information sharing and team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 535-546.
61. Morrison JE, Meliza LL. (1999). Foundations of the after action review process. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. Special Report 42, contract DASW01-98-C-0067, 1-71.
62. Muthen LK, Muthen BO. (2007). Mplus user's guide (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
63. Pituch KA, Murphy DL, Tate RL. (2010). Three-level models for indirect effects in school- and class- randomized experiments in education. The Journal of Experimental Education, 78, 60-95.
64. Raemer D, Anderson M, Cheng A, Fanning R, Nadkarni V, Salvodelli G. (2011). Research regarding debriefing as part of the learning process. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 6, S52-S57.
65. Rapp TL, Mathieu JE. (2007). Evaluating an individually self-administered generic teamwork skills training program across time and levels. Small Group Research, 38, 532-555.
66. Raudenbush SW. (1997). Statistical analysis and optimal design for cluster randomized trails. Psychological Methods, 2, 173-185.
67. Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS, Cheong YF, Congdon RT, du Toit M. (2004). HLM6: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
68. Rowe MP, Baker M. (1984). Are you hearing enough employee concerns? Harvard Business Review, May-June, 27-35.
69. Salas E, DiazGranados D, Klein C, Burke CS, Stagl KC, Goodwin GF, Halpin SM. (2008). Does team training improve team performance? A meta-analysis. Human Factors, 51, 903-933.
70. Schon D. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
71. Selig JP, Preacher KJ. (2008). Monte Carlo method for assessing mediation: An interactive tool for creating confidence intervals for indirect effects. [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://quantpsy.org/
72. Smith-Jentsch KA, Cannon-Bowers JA, Tannenbaum SI, Salas E. (2008). Guided team self-correction: Impacts on team mental models, processes, and effectiveness. Journal of Small Group Research, 39, 303-327.
73. Snijders TAB, Bosker RJ. (1999). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. London, UK: Sage.
74. Stasser G, Titus W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467-1478.
75. Sundstrom E. (1999). The challenges of supporting work team effectiveness. In Sundstrom E (Ed.), Supporting work team effectiveness (pp. 3-23). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
76. Tannenbaum SI. (1997). Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic findings from multiple companies. Human Resource Management, 36, 437-452.
77. Tannenbaum SI, Beard RL, Cerasoli CP. (2013). Conducting team debriefs that work: Lessons from research and practice. In Salas E, Tannenbaum SI, Cohen D, Latham GG (Eds.), Developing and enhancing high-performance teams: Evidence-based practices and advice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
78. Tannenbaum SI, Beard RL, Salas E. (1992). Team building and team effectiveness: An examination of conceptual and empirical developments. In Kelley K (Ed.), Issues, theory, and research in industrial/organizational psychology (pp. 117-153). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
79. Tannenbaum SI, Cerasoli C. (2013). Do team and individual debriefs enhance performance? A meta-analysis. Human Factors, 55, 231-245.
80. Tannenbaum SI, Goldhaber-Fiebert S. (2012). Medical team debriefs: Simple, powerful, underutilized. In Salas E, Frush K (Eds.), Improving patient safety through teamwork and team training (pp. 249-256). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
81. Tannenbaum SI, Mathieu JE, Salas E, Cohen D. (2012). Teams are changing - Are research and practice evolving fast enough? Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 5, 2-24.
82. Tasa K, Taggar S, Seijts GH. (2007). The development of collective efficacy in teams: A multi-level and longitudinal perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 17-27.
83. Tesluk P, Mathieu JE. (1999). Overcoming roadblocks to effectiveness: Incorporating management of performance barriers into models of work group effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 200-217.
84. Tindale RS. (1989). Group vs. individual information processing: The effects of outcome feedback on decision-making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44, 454-473.
85. van Ginkel WP, Tindale RS, van Knippenberg D. (2009). Team reflexivity, development of shared task representations, and the use of distributed information in group decision making. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 13, 265-280.
86. Wittenbaum GM, Stasser G. (1996). Management of information in small groups. In Nye JL, Brower AR (Eds.), What's social about social task representations? Research on socially shared task representations in small groups (pp. 3-28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
87. Wong Z. (2007). Human factors in project management: Concepts, tools, and techniques for inspiring teamwork and motivation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
88. Yammarino FJ, Dubinsky AJ, Hartley SW. (1987). An approach for assessing individual versus group effects in performance evaluations. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 157-167.