Vitamin E TPGS used as emulsifier in the preparation of nanoparticulate systems

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 122-134

  Bernabeu, Ezequiel ^a   Chiappetta, Diego A ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles; TPGS copolymers; TPGS drug conjugates; Vitamin E TPGS

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATE; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPRENAVIR; ATORVASTATIN; CREATINE KINASE; CYCLOSPORIN A; D ALPHA TOCOPHERYL POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL SUCCINATE; DICHLOROMETHANE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; FLUINDOSTATIN; FOLIC ACID; MACROGOL; MEVINOLIN; NANOPARTICLE; PACLITAXEL; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; POLYCAPROLACTONE; POLYGLACTIN; POLYLACTIC ACID; POLYVINYL ALCOHOL; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VERAPAMIL; VITAMIN D;

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL DEFICIENCY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIODEGRADABILITY; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG SOLUBILITY; ENCAPSULATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; REVIEW; TUMOR GROWTH;

EID: 84886099972     PISSN: 21579083     EISSN: 21579091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2013.1076     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. I. Rubinstein and G. L. Weinberg, Nanomedicines for chronic noninfectious arthritis: The clinician's perspective. Maturitas 73, 68 (2012).
2. I. Szelenyi, Nanomedicine: Evolutionary and revolutionary developments in the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. Inflamm. Res. 61, 1 (2012).
3. B. S. Zolnik and N. Sadrieh, Regulatory perspective on the importance of ADME assessment of nanoscale material containing drugs. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 61, 422 (2009).
4. J.-U. A. H. Junghanns and R. H. Müller, Nanocrystal technology, drug delivery and clinical applications. Int. J. Nanomedicine 3, 295 (2008).
5. http://www.abraxane.com/docs/Abraxane_PrescribingInformation.pdf.
6. T. R. Daniels, E. Bernabeu, J. A. Rodríguez, S. Patel, M. Kozman, D. A. Chiappetta, E. Holler, J. Y. Ljubimova, G. Helguera, and M. L. Penichet, The transferrin receptor and the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents against cancer. Biochimica. et Biophysica. Acta 1820, 291 (2012).
7. R. A. Jain, The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices. Biomaterials 21, 2475 (2000).
8. K. S. Soppimath, T. M. Aminabhavi, A. R. Kulkarni, and W. E. Rudzinski, Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J. Control Release 70, 1 (2001).
9. C. Vauthier and K. Bouchemal, Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm. Res. 26, 1025 (2009).
10. I. Brigger, C. Dubernet, and P. Couvreur, Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 54, 631 (2002).
11. G. Modi, V. Pillay, and Y. E. Choonara, Advances in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders employing nanotechnology. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1184, 154 (2010).
12. C. P. Reis, R. J. Neufeld, A. J. Ribeiro, and F. Veiga, Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: NBM 2, 8 (2006).
13. D. E. Owens III and N. A. Peppas, Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. 307, 93 (2006).
14. A. S. Hoffman, The origins and evolution of controlled drug delivery systems. J. Control Release 132, 153 (2008).
15. Z. Amoozgar and Y. Yeo, Recent advances in stealth coating of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 4, 219 (2012).
16. L. Mu, P.-H. Seow, S.-N. Ang, and S.-S. Feng, Study on surfactant coating of polymeric nanoparticles for controlled delivery of anticancer drug. Colloid. Polym. Sci. 283, 58 (2004).
17. N. Jalali, F. Moztarzadeh, M. Mozafari, S. Asgari, M. Motevalian, and S. Naghavi Alhosseini, Surface modification of poly(lactideco-glycolide) nanoparticles by D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate as potential carrier for the delivery of drugs to the brain. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 392, 335 (2011).
18. M. S. Muthu, S. A. Kulkarni, A. Raju, and S.-S. Feng, Theranostic liposomes of TPGS coating for targeted co-delivery of docetaxel and quantum dots. Biomaterials 33, 3494 (2012).
19. M. A. Repka and J. W. McGinity, Influence of Vitamin E TPGS on the properties of hydrophilic films produced by hot-melt extrusion. Int. J. Pharm. 202, 63 (2000).
20. W. Chen, Y.-Q. Miao, D.-J. Fan, S.-S. Yang, X. Lin, L.-K. Meng, and X. Tang, Bioavailability study of berberine and the enhancing effects of TPGS on intestinal absorption in rats. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 12, 705 (2011).
21. D. R. Mudra and R. T. Borchardt, Absorption barriers in the rat intestinal mucosa. 3: Effects of polyethoxylated solubilizing agents on drug permeation and metabolism. J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 1016 (2010).
22. Y. V. Rama Prasad, S. P. Puthli, S. Eaimtrakarn, M. Ishida, Y. Yoshikawa, N. Shibata, and K. Takada, Enhanced intestinal absorption of vancomycin with Labrasol and D-α-tocopheryl PEG 1000 succinate in rats. Int. J. Pharm. 250, 181 (2003).
23. H.-J. Cho, P. Balakrishnan, S.-J. Chung, C.-K. Shim, and D.-D. Kim, Evaluation of protein stability and in vitro permeation of lyophilized polysaccharides-based microparticles for intranasal protein delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 416, 77 (2011).
24. A. Yan, A. Von Dem Bussche, A. B. Kane, and R. H. Hurt, Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate as a safe, antioxidant surfactant for processing carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. Carbon 45, 2463 (2007).
25. J. Li, B. Yang, J. Levons, S. Pinnamaneni, and K. Raghavan, Phase behavior of TPGS-PEG400/1450 systems and their application to liquid formulation: A formulation platform approach. J. Pharm. Sci. 100, 4907 (2011).
26. S. H. W. Wu and W. K. Hopkins, Characteristics of d-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate for applications as an absorption enhancer in drug delivery system. Pharm. Technol. 23, 52 (1999).
27. E. Jacquemin, B. Hermeziu, Y. Kibleur, I. Friteau, D. Mathieu, F. L. Coz, D. Moyse, M. Gérardin, E. Jacqz-Aigrain, and A. Munck, Bioavailability of oral vitamin E formulations in adult volunteers and children with chronic cholestasis or cystic fibrosis. J. Clin. Pharm. Therapeutics 34, 515 (2009).
28. M. G. Traber, T. D. Schiano, A. C. Steephen, H. J. Kayden, and M. Shike, Efficacy of water soluble vitamin E in the treatment of vitamin E malabsorption in short-bowel syndrome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59, 1270 (1994).
29. R. J. Sokol, N. Butler-Simon, C. Conner, J. E. Heubi, F. R. Sinatra, F. J. Suchy, M. B. Heyman, J. Perrault, R. J. Rothbaum, and J. Levy, Multicenter trial of d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate for treatment of vitamin E deficiency in children with chronic cholestasis. Gastroenterology 104, 1727 (1993).
30. K. Papas, J. Kalbfleisch, and R. Mohon, Bioavailability of a novel, water-soluble vitamin E formulation in malabsorbing patients. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 52, 347 (2007).
31. S. Gross and D. K. Melhorn, Vitamin E dependent anemia in the premature infant. III. Comparative hemoglobin, vitamin E, and erythrocyte phospholipid responses following absorption of either water soluble or fat soluble d alpha tocopheryl. J. Pediatrics 85, 753 (1974).
32. L. Yu, A. Bridgers, J. Polli, A. Vickers, S. Long, A. Roy, R. Winnike, and M. Coffin, Vitamin E-TPGS increases absorption flux of an HIV protease inhibitor by enhancing its solubility and permeability. Pharm. Res. 16, 1812 (1999).
33. T. Chang, L. Z. Benet, and M. F. Hebert, The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin. Pharmacol. Therapeutics 59, 297 (1996).
34. E. A. Argao, J. E. Heubi, B. W. Hollis, and R. C. Tsang, d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate enhances the absorption of vitamin D in chronic cholestatic liver disease of infancy and childhood. Pediatric Research 31, 146 (1992).
35. R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn (eds.), Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th edn., edited by Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association (2009).
36. J. M. Dintaman and J. A. Silverman, Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). Pharm. Res. 16, 1550 (1999).
37. L. M. Chan, S. Lowes, and B. H. Hirst, The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: Efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 21, 25 (2004).
38. M. V. S. Varma and R. Panchagnula, Enhanced oral paclitaxel absorption with vitamin E-TPGS: Effect of solubility and permeability in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 25, 445 (2005).
39. M. Birringer, J. H. EyTina, B. A. Salvatore, and J. Neuzil, Vitamin E analogues as inducers of apoptosis: Structure-function relation. British J. Cancer 88, 1948 (2003).
40. H.-J. Youk, E. Lee, M.-K. Choi, Y.-J. Lee, H. C. Jun, S.-H. Kim, C.-H. Lee, and S.-J. Lim, Enhanced anticancer efficacy of α-tocopheryl succinate by conjugation with polyethylene glycol. J. Control Release 107, 43 (2005).
41. L. Mu and S. S. Feng, A novel controlled release formulation for the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol): PLGA nanoparticles containing vitamin E TPGS. J. Control Release 86, 33 (2003).
42. J. Shaikh, D. D. Ankola, V. Beniwal, D. Singh, and M. N. V. Ravi Kumar, Nanoparticle encapsulation improves oral bioavailability of curcumin by at least 9-fold when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 37, 223 (2009).
43. P. Parhi, C. Mohanty, and S. K. Sahoo, Enhanced cellular uptake and in vivo pharmacokinetics of rapamycin-loaded cubic phase nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Acta Biomaterialia 7, 3656 (2011).
44. C. Sengel, C. Hasçiçek, and N. Gönül, Design of vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-emulsified poly (D, L-Lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: Influence of duration of ultrasonication energy. J. Young Pharmacists 3, 171 (2011).
45. L. Mu and S. S. Feng, Vitamin E TPGS used as emulsifier in the solvent evaporation/extraction technique for fabrication of polymeric nanospheres for controlled release of paclitaxel (Taxol®). J. Control Release 80, 129 (2002).
46. Z. P. Zhang and S. S. Feng, The drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate nanoparticles. Biomaterials 27, 4025 (2006).
47. K. Y. Win and S. S. Feng, Effects of particle size and surface coating on cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 26, 2713 (2005).
48. C. Roney, P. Kulkarni, V. Arora, P. Antich, F. Bonte, A. Wu, N. N. Mallikarjuana, S. Manohar, H.-F. Liang, A. R. Kulkarni, H.-W. Sung, M. Sairam, and T. M. Aminabhavi, Targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier for Alzheimer's disease. J. Control Release 108, 193 (2005).
49. G. Gaucher, R. H. Marchessault, and J.-C. J. Leroux, Polyesterbased micelles and nanoparticles for the parenteral delivery delivery of taxanes. J. Control Release 143, 2 (2010).
50. D. Chiappetta, M. J. Legaspi, V. Niselman, R. Pasquali, E. Gergic, A. C. R. Llimós, and C. Bregni, Biodegradable microspheres of poly(D, L-lactide) containing progesterone. Ars Pharm. 46, 383 (2005).
51. J. Xie and C.-H. Wang, Self-assembled biodegradable nanoparticles developed by direct dialysis for the delivery of paclitaxel. Pharm. Res. 22, 2079 (2005).
52. K. Y. Win and S.-S. Feng, In vitro and in vivo studies on vitamin E TPGS-emulsified poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for paclitaxel formulation. Biomaterials 27, 2285 (2006).
53. F. Esmaeili, F. Atyabi, and R. Dinarvand, Preparation of PLGA nanoparticles using TPGS in the spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. J. Experimental Nanoscience 2, 183 (2007).
54. S.-S. Feng, W. Zeng, Y. T. Lim, L. Zhao, K. Y. Win, R. Oakley, S. H. Teoh, R. C. H. Lee, and S. Pan, Vitamin E TPGSemulsified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for cardiovascular restenosis treatment. Nanomedicine 2, 333 (2007).
55. J. C. Middleton and A. J. Tipton, Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices. Biomaterials 21, 2335 (2000).
56. A. M. Puga, A. Rey-Rico, B. Magariños, C. Alvarez-Lorenzo, and A. Concheiro, Hot melt poly-e-caprolactone/poloxamine implantable matrices for sustained delivery of ciprofloxacin. Acta Biomaterialia 8, 1507 (2012).
57. U. Bilati, E. Allémann, and E. Doelker, Strategic approaches for overcoming peptide and protein instability within biodegradable nano-and microparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 59, 375 (2005).
58. C. E. Mora-Huertas, H. Fessi, and A. Elasissari, Polymer-based nanocapsules for drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 385, 113 (2010).
59. J. Xie and C.-H. Wang, Self-assemble biodegradable nanoparticles developed by direct dialysis for the delivery of paclitaxel. Pharm. Res. 22, 2079 (2005).
60. L. Mu and S. S. Feng, PLGA/TPGS nanoparticles for controlled release of paclitaxel: Effects of the emulsifier and the drug loading ratio. Pharm. Res. 20, 1864 (2003).
61. A. K. Singla, A. Garg, and D. Aggarwal, Paclitaxel and its formulations. Int. J. Pharm. 235, 179 (2002).
62. S. S. Feng, L. Y. Zhao, Z. P. Zhang, G. Bhakta, Y. W. Khin, Y. C. Dong, and S. Chien, Chemotherapeutic engineering: Vitamin E TPGS-emulsified nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers realized sustainable paclitaxel chemotherapy for 168 h in vivo. Chem. Eng. Sci. 62, 6641 (2007).
63. L. Zhao and S. S. Feng, Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel formulated in vitamin E-TPGS emulsified nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers: In vitro and in vivo studies. J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 3552 (2010).
64. H. L. McLeod and W. E. Evans, Oral cancer chemotherapy: The promise and the pitfalls. Clinical Cancer Res. 5, 2699 (1999).
65. B. Scheller, C. Hehrlein, W. Bocksch, W. Rutsch, D. Haghi, U. Dietz, M. Böhm, and U. Speck, Treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis with a paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 2113 (2006).
66. http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candidiasis/invasive/treatment.html [accessed March 2012].
67. C. Leon, R. Taylor, K. H. Bartlett, and K. M. Wasan, Effect of heattreatment and the role of phospholipases on Fungizone®-induced cytotoxicity within human kidney proximal tubular (HK-2) cells and Aspergillus fumigatus. Int. J. Pharm. 298, 211 (2005).
68. J. L. Italia, M. M. Yahya, D. Singh, and M. N. V. R. Kumar, Biodegradable nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability of amphotericin b and show reduced nephrotoxicity compared to intravenous Fungizone®. Pharm. Res. 26, 1324 (2009).
69. A. K. Meena, D. Venkat Ratnam, G. Chandraiah, D. D. Ankola, P. R. Rao, and M. N. V. R. Kumar, Oral nanoparticulate atorvastatin calcium is more efficient and safe in comparison to lipicure® in treating hyperlipidemia. Lipids 43, 231 (2008).
70. C. Bolego, R. Baetta, S. Bellosta, A. Corsini, and R. Paoletti, Safety considerations for statins. Current Opinion in Lipidology 13, 637 (2002).
71. M. A. Silva, A. C. Swanson, P. J. Gandhi, and G. R. Tataronis, Statin-related adverse events: A meta-analysis. Clin. Ther. 28, 26 (2006).
72. J. Pan and S. S. Feng, Targeting and imaging cancer cells by Folatedecorated, quantum dots (QDs)-loaded nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers. Biomaterials 30, 1176 (2009).
73. J. Pan, Y. Wang, and S.-S. Feng, Formulation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of quantum dots loaded in poly(Lactide)-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles for cellular and molecular imaging. Biotech. Bioengineering. 101, 622 (2008).
74. Z. Zhang and S.-S. Feng, Nanoparticles of poly(lactide)/vitamin E TPGS copolymer for cancer chemotherapy: Synthesis, formulation, characterization and in vitro drug release. Biomaterials 27, 262 (2006).
75. Z. Zhang and S.-S. Feng, Self-assembled nanoparticles of poly(lactide)-vitamin E TPGS copolymers for oral chemotherapy. Int. J. Pharm. 324, 191 (2006).
76. Z. Zhang, S. H. Lee, and S. S. Feng, Folate-decorated poly(lactideco-glycolide)-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 28, 1889 (2007).
77. Y. Ma, Y. Zheng, K. Liu, G. Tian, Y. Tian, L. Xu, F. Yan, L. Huang, and L. Mei, Nanoparticles of poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)-d-atocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate random copolymer for cancer treatment. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5, 1161 (2010).
78. H. Chen, Y. Zheng, G. Tian, Y. Tian, X. Zeng, G. Liu, K. Liu, L. Li, Z. Li, L. Mei, and L. Huang, Oral delivery of DMAB-modified docetaxel loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 4 (2011).
79. F. Ren, Q. Jing, J. Cui, and Y. Shen, Synthesis and characterization of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-block-poly (ε-caprolactone) copolymer used as carriers for microparticles. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 30, 1129 (2009).
80. Y. Ma, L. Huang, C. Song, X. Zeng, G. Liu, and L. Mei, Nanoparticle formulation of poly(3-caprolactone-co-lactide)-D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate random copolymer for cervical cancer treatment. Polymer 51, 5952 (2010).
81. L. Huang, H. Chen, Y. Zheng, X. Song, R. Liu, K. Liu, X. Zeng, and L. Mei, Nanoformulation of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-ran-glycolide) diblock copolymer for breast cancer therapy. Integr. Biol. 3, 993 (2011).
82. Z. P. Zhang and S. S. Feng, Nanoparticles of poly(lactide)/vitamin E TPGS copolymer for cancer chemotherapy: Synthesis, formulation, characterization and in vitro drug release. Biomaterials 27, 262 (2006).
83. Z. Zhang, S. H. Lee, C. W. Gan, and S. S. Feng, In vitro and in vivo investigation on PLA-TPGS nanoparticles for controlled and sustained small molecule chemotherapy. Pharm. Res. 25, 1925 (2008).
84. S. S. Feng, L. Mei, P. Anitha, C. W. Gan, and W. Y. Zhou, Poly(lactide)-vitamin E derivative/montmorillonite nanoparticle formulations for the oral delivery of docetaxel. Biomaterials 30, 3297 (2009).
85. S. H. Lee, Z. Zhang, and S.-S. Feng, Nanoparticles of poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (PLATPGS) copolymers for protein drug delivery. Biomaterials. 28, 2041 (2007).
86. Y. Ma, Y. Zheng, K. Liu, G. Tian, Y. Tian, L. Xu, F. Yan, L. Huang, and L. Mei, Nanoparticles of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-d-a-tocopheryl polyethyleneglycol succinate random copolymer for cancer treatment. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5, 1161 (2010).
87. Y. D. Ma, L. Q. Huang, C. X. Song, X. W. Zeng, G. Liu, and L. Mei, Nanoparticle formulation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone-colactide)-D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate random copolymer for cervical cancer treatment. Polymer 51, 5952 (2010).
88. H. Chen, Y. Zheng, G. Tian, Y. Tian, X. Zeng, G. Liu, K. Liu, L. Li, Z. Li, L. Mei, and L. Huang, Oral delivery of DMAB-modified docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 4 (2011).
89. Z. Pang, H. Gao, Y. Yu, J. Chen, L. Guo, J. Ren, Z. Wen, J. Su, and X. Jiang, Brain delivery and cellular internalization mechanisms for transferrin conjugated biodegradable polymersomes. Int. J. Pharm. 415, 284 (2011).
90. R. T. Carroll, D. Bhatia, W. Geldenhuys, R. Bhatia, N. Miladore, A. Bishayee, and V. Sutariya, Brain-targeted delivery of Tempolloaded nanoparticles for neurological disorders. J. Drug Targeting 18, 665 (2010).
91. L. Han, R. Huang, S. Liu, S. Huang, and C. Jiang, Peptideconjugated PAMAM for targeted doxorubicin delivery to transferrin receptor overexpressed tumors. Mol. Pharm. 7, 2156 (2010).
92. Y. Zheng, B. Yu, W. Weecharangsan, L. Piao, M. Darby, Y. Mao, R. Koynova, X. Yang, H. Li, S. Xu, L. J. Lee, Y. Sugimoto, R. W. Brueggemeier, and R. J. Lee, Transferrin-conjugated lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of aromatase inhibitor 7α-APTADD to breast cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm. 390, 234 (2010).
93. W. S. Cheow and K. Hadinoto, Factors affecting drug encapsulation and stability of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 85, 214 (2011).
94. R. W. Brueggemeier and N. E. Katlic, Aromatase inhibition by an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor in human carcinoma cell cultures. Cancer Res. 50, 3652 (1990).
95. C. W. Gan and S. S. Feng, Transferrin-conjugated nanoparticles of Poly(lactide)-d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate diblock copolymer for targeted drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Biomaterials 31, 7748 (2010).
96. J. Chang, Y. Jallouli, M. Kroubi, X.-B. Yuan, W. Feng, C.-S. Kang, P.-Y. Pu, and D. Betbeder, Characterization of endocytosis of transferrin-coated PLGA nanoparticles by the blood-brain barrier. Int. J. Pharm. 379, 285 (2009).
97. B. Mishra, B. B. Patel, and S. Tiwari, Colloidal nanocarriers: A review on formulation technology, types and applications toward targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine: NBM. 6, 9 (2010).
98. Z. Zhang, S. H. Lee, and S. S. Feng, Folate-decorated poly(lactideco-glycolide)-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 28, 1889 (2007).
99. J. Pan and S. S. Feng, Targeted delivery of paclitaxel using folatedecorated poly(lactide)-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles. Biomaterials 29, 2663 (2008).
100. J. Wang, W. Liu, Q. Tu, J. Wang, N. Song, Y. Zhang, N. Nie, and J. Wang, Folate-decorated hybrid polymeric nanoparticles for chemically and physically combined paclitaxel loading and targeted delivery. Biomacromolecules 12, 228 (2011).
101. B. F. Sun and S. S. Feng, Trastuzumab-functionalized nanoparticles of biodegradable copolymers for targeted delivery of Docetaxel. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 4, 431 (2009).
102. J. Zhao, Y. Mi, Y. Liu, and S. S. Feng, Quantitative control of targeting effect of anticancer drugs formulated by ligand-conjugated nanoparticles of biodegradable copolymer blend. Biomaterials 33, 1948 (2012).
103. F. Greco and M. J. Vicent, Combination therapy: Opportunities and challenges for polymer-drug conjugates as anticancer nanomedicines. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 61, 1203 (2009).
104. M. C. Perry, Continuous Intravenous Infusion Chemotherapy, edited by J. W. Pine, The Chemotherapy Source Book, vol. 4th edn., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia (2008).
105. N. Cao and S. S. Feng, Doxorubicin conjugated to d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS): Conjugation chemistry, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomaterials 29, 3856 (2008).
106. V. Anbharasi, N. Cao, and S. S. Feng, Doxorubicin conjugated to D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy. J. Biomed. Materials Res. A 94, 730 (2010).
107. M. V. S. Varma, Y. Ashokraj, C. S. Dey, and R. Panchagnula, P-glycoprotein inhibitors and their screening: A perspective from bioavailability enhancement. Pharmacol. Res. 48, 347 (2003).
108. J. Sun, Z.-G. He, G. Cheng, S.-J. Wang, X.-H. Hao, and M.-J. Zou, Multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein: Crucial significance in drug disposition and interaction. Med. Sci. Monit. 10, RA5 (2004).
109. J. Hunter and B. H. Hirst, Intestinal secretion of drugs. The role of P-glycoprotein and related drug efflux systems in limiting oral drug absorption. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 25, 129 (1997).
110. J. P. Keogh and J. R. Kunta, Development, validation and utility of an in vitro technique for assessment of potential clinical drug-drug interactions involving P-glycoprotein. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 27, 543 (2006).
111. J. M. Koziara, T. R. Whisman, M. T. Tseng, and R. J. Mumper, In-vitro efficacy of novel paclitaxel nanoparticles in paclitaxelresistant human colorectal tumors. J. Control Release 112, 312 (2006).
112. G. Cornaire, J. Woodley, P. Hermann, A. Cloarec, C. Arellano, and G. Houin, Impact of excipients on the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Pharm. 278, 119 (2004).
113. B. D. Rege, J. P. Y. Kao, and J. E. Polli, Effects of nonionic surfactants on membrane transporters in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 16, 237 (2002).
114. K. Bogman, F. Erne-Brand, J. Alsenz, and J. Drewe, The role of surfactants in the reversal of active transport mediated by multidrug resistance proteins. J. Pharm. Sci. 92, 1250 (2003).
115. M. F. Wempe, C. Wright, J. L. Little, J. W. Lightner, S. E. Large, G. B. Caflisch, C. M. Buchanan, P. J. Rice, V. J. Wacher, K. M. Ruble, and K. J. Edgar, Inhibiting efflux with novel non-ionic surfactants: Rational design based on vitamin E TPGS. Int. J. Pharm. 370, 93 (2009).
116. M. V. Varma and R. Panchagnula, Enhanced oral paclitaxel absorption with vitamin E-TPGS: Effect on solubility and permeability in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 25, 445 (2005).
117. K. Bogman, Y. Zysset, L. Degen, G. Hopfgartner, H. Gutmann, J. Alsenz, and J. Drewe, P-glycoprotein and surfactants: Effect on intestinal talinolol absorption. Clin. Pharmacol. Therapeutics 77, 24 (2005).
118. T. Chang, L. Z. Benet, and M. F. Hebert, The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin. Pharmacol. Therapeutics 59, 297 (1996).
119. E. M. Collnot, C. Baldes, M. F. Wempe, R. Kappl, J. Hüttermann, J. A. Hyatt, K. J. Edgar, U. F. Schaefer, and C. M. Lehr, Mechanism of inhibition of P-glycoprotein mediated efflux by vitamin E TPGS: Influence on ATPase activity and membrane fluidity. Mol. Pharm. 4, 465 (2007).
120. E. M. Collnot, C. Baldes, U. F. Schaefer, K. J. Edgar, M. F. Wempe, and C. M. Lehr, Vitamin e TPGS P-glycoprotein inhibition mechanism: Influence on conformational flexibility, intracellular ATP levels, and role of time and site of access. Mol. Pharm. 7, 642 (2010).
121. E. M. Collnot, C. Baldes, M. F. Wempe, J. Hyatt, L. Navarro, K. J. Edgar, U. F. Schaefer, and C. M. Lehr, Influence of vitamin E TPGS poly(ethlyene glycol) chain length on apical efflux transporters in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J. Control Release 111, 35 (2006).
122. P.-Y. Li, P.-S. Lai, W.-C. Hung, and W.-J. Syu, Poly(Llactide)-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in drug-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomacromolecules 11, 2576 (2010).
123. C. Prashant, M. Dipak, Y. C. Xian, C. Kai-Hsiang, D. Jun, and F. S. Shen, Superparamagnetic iron oxides formulated in polylactide-coglycolide/ D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA/TPGS) nanoparticles for high contrast MRI. 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (2011), MECBME art. no. 5752145, pp. 379.