Recent advances in production and biotechnological applications of thermostable and alkaline bacterial lipases

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

Volumn 88, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1959-1970

  Bora, Limpon ^a   Gohain, Dibakar ^a   Das, Reshmi ^a  

^a TEZPUR UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Biotechnological applications; Statistical approach; Thermophiles; Thermostable alkaline lipase

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE LIPASE; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; FERMENTATION CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR APPROACH; STATISTICAL APPROACH; SUBSTRATE CONDITIONS; THERMOPHILES; THERMOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS;

ALKALINITY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; SOAPS (DETERGENTS);

LIPASES;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; BACTERIAL ENZYME; BICARBONATE; CARBONIC ACID; CHELATING AGENT; CHLORIDE; DETERGENT; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; DISULFIDE; DNA; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; ESTER; FATTY ACID; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; HISTIDINE; HISTONE; HYDROLASE; METAL ION; NITROGEN; NUCLEOPHILE; OLIVE OIL; ORGANIC SOLVENT; PEPTONE; PROTON; SODIUM; SODIUM CARBONATE; SODIUM ION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; TRIBUTYRIN;

ACINETOBACTER; AGITATION; ALKALINITY; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; ASPERGILLUS; BACILLUS; BACILLUS CEREUS; BACILLUS COAGULANS; BACILLUS PUMILUS; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL CELL; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BIOCATALYST; BIOREMEDIATION; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; BURKHOLDERIA; BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA; BURKHOLDERIA MULTIVORANS; CANDIDA; CARBON SOURCE; CELL MEMBRANE; ENZYME PURIFICATION; ENZYME SYNTHESIS; FERMENTATION; FILTRATION; FOOD INDUSTRY; GEOBACILLUS; GEOBACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; GEOBACILLUS THERMOLEOVORANS; HIGH TEMPERATURE; INCUBATION TIME; KLUYVEROMYCES; LACHANCEA; METAGENOMICS; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; ORGANISM COMMUNITY; PENICILLIUM; PH; PICHIA; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; REVIEW; RHIZOPUS; SACCHAROMYCES; SOLID STATE FERMENTATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; SUBMERGED FERMENTATION; TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; THERMOANAEROBACTER; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM; THERMOSTABILITY; TORULASPORA; ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84885420649     PISSN: 02682575     EISSN: 10974660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4170     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Verma N, Thakur S and Bhatt AK, Microbial lipases: Industrial applications and properties: A review. Int Res J Biol Sci 1:88-92 (2012).
2. Joseph B, Ramteke PW and Thomas G, Cold active microbial lipases: Some hot issues and recent developments. Biotechnol Adv 26:457-470 (2008).
3. Svendsen A, Review: Lipase protein engineering. Biochim Biophys Acta 1543:223-238 (2000).
4. Ollis DL, Cheah E, Cygler M, Dijkstra B, Frolow F, Franken SM, et al. The α/β hydrolase fold. Protein Eng 5:197-211 (1992).
5. Jaeger KE, Dijkstra BW and Reetz MT, Bacterial biocatalysts: Molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications. Annu Rev Microbiol 53:315-351 (1999).
6. Gupta R, Gupta N and Rathi P, Bacterial lipases: An overview of production, purification and biochemical properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 64:763-781 (2004).
7. Singh AK and Mukhopadhyay M, Overview of fungal lipase: A review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:486-520 (2012).
8. Sanchez SR, Alves-Baffi M, Villena Arevalo M and Briones-Pérez A, Yeast biodiversity from oleic ecosystems: Study of their biotechnological properties. Food Microbiol 27:487-492 (2010).
9. Brady L, Brzozowski AM, Derewenda ZS, Dodson E, Dodson G, Tolley S, et al. A serine protease triad forms the catalytic centre of a triacylglycerol lipase. Nature 343:767-770 (1990).
10. Winkler FK, D'Arcy A and Hunziker W, Structure of human pancreatic lipase. Nature 345:771-774 (1992).
11. Charlton E, Davies C, Sidebottom CM, Sutton JL, Dunn PPJ, Slabas AR, et al. Chiral aggregates and asymmetric induction of the reduction of prochiral ketones. Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung Monograph 16:335-338 (1991).
12. Morrison RT and Boyd RN, Stereochemistry. Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, pp. 216-233 (1966).
13. Drozozowski AM, Derewenda U, Derewenda ZS, Dodson GG, Lawson DM, Turkenburg JP, et al. A model for interfacial activation in lipases from the structure of a fungal lipase-inhibitor complex. Nature 351:491-494 (1991).
14. Schrag JD and Cygler M, A refined structure of the lipase from Geotrichum candidum. J Mol Biol 230:575-591 (1993).
15. Martinelle M, Holmquist M and Hult K, On the interfacial activation of Candida antarctica lipase A and B as compared with Humicola lanuginosa lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta 3:272-276 (1995).
16. Muralidhar RV, Chirumamilla RR, Marchant R, Ramachandran VN, Ward OP and Nigam P, Understanding lipase stereoselectivity. World J Microb Biot 18:81-97 (2002).
17. Rogalska E, Nury S, Douchet I and Verger R, Asymmetric synthesis of fatty acids. Chirality 7:505-515 (1995).
18. Rogalska E, Cudrey C, Ferrato F and Verger R, Stereoselective hydrolysis of triacylglycerols by animal and microbial lipases. Chirality 5:24-30 (1993).
19. Bayoumi RA, El-louboudey SS, Sidkey NM and Abd-El-Rahman MA, Production, purification and characterization of thermoalkalophilic lipase for application in bio-detergent industry. J Appl Sci Res 3:1752-1765 (2007).
20. Royter M, Schmidt M, Elend C, Hobenreich H, Schafer T, Bornscheuer UT, et al. Thermostable lipases from the extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus SOL1 and Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. Tengcongensis. Extremophiles 13:769-783 (2009).
21. Antranikian G, Industrial relevance of thermophiles and their enzymes, in Thermophiles-Biology and Technology at High Temperatures, ed. by Robb F, et al. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 113-160 (2008).
22. Coolbear T, Daniel R and Morgan H, The enzymes from extreme thermophiles: Bacterial sources, thermostability and industrial relevance. Adv Biochem Eng/Biotechnol 45:57-98 (1992).
23. Lasa I and Berenguer J, Thermophilic enzymes and their biotechnological potential. Microbiologia 9:77-89 (1993).
24. Haki GD and Rakshit SK, Developments in industrially important thermostable enzymes: A review. Bioresour Technol 89:17-34 (2003).
25. Akbuluta N, Ozturka MT, Pijningb T, IO Saliha and Gumusel F, Improved activity and thermostability of Bacillus pumilus lipase by directed evolution. J Biotechnol 164:123-129 (2013).
26. Gupta N, Sahai V and Gupta R, Alkaline lipase from a novel strain Burkholderia multivorans: statistical medium optimization and production in a bioreactor. Process Biochem 42:518-526 (2007).
27. Chaiyaso T, Seesuriyachan P, Zimmermann W and Kittikun Aran H, Purification and characterization of lipase from newly isolated Burkholderia multivorans PSU-AH130 and its application for biodiesel production. Ann Microbiol 62:1615-1624 (2012).
28. Li H and Zhang X, Characterization of thermostable lipase from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. TW1. Protein Expres Purif 42:153-159 (2005).
29. Ahmed Eltayib H, Raghavendra T and Datta M, An alkaline lipase from organic solvent tolerant Acinetobacter sp. EH28: Application for ethyl caprylate synthesis. Bioresour Technol 101:3628-3634 (2010).
30. Masomian M, Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja A, Saleh Abu B and Basri M, A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain HZ. Process Biochem 48:169-175 (2013).
31. Dutta S and Ray L, Production and characterization of an alkaline thermostable crude lipase from an isolated strain of Bacillus cereus C7. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 159:142-154 (2009).
32. Wang X, Yu X and Xu Y, Homologous expression, purification and characterization of a novel high-alkaline and thermal stable lipase from Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416. Enzyme Microb Technol 45:94-102 (2009).
33. Bora L and Bora M, Optimization of extracellular thermophilic highly alkaline lipase from thermophilic Bacillus sp. isolated from hotsprings of Arunachal Pradesh India. Braz J Microbiol 43:30-42 (2012).
34. Bora L and Kalita MC, Production and optimization of thermostable lipase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. LBN 4. Internet J Microbiol 4:1-7 (2007).
35. Sivaramakrishnan R and MuthukumarIsolation K, Isolation of thermo-stable and solvent-tolerant Bacillus sp. lipase for the production of biodiesel. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:1095-1111 (2012).
36. Ahmed Eltayib H, Raghavendra T and Datta M, A thermostable alkaline lipase from a local isolate Bacillus subtilis EH 37: Characterization, partial purification, and application in organic synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160:2102-2113 (2010).
37. Annamalai N, Elayaraja S, Vijayalakshmi S and Balasubramanian T, Thermostable, alkaline tolerant lipase from Bacillus licheniformis using peanut oil cake as a substrate. Afr J Biochem Res 5:76-181 (2011) .
38. Ghanem Essam H, Al-Sayed Hashim A and Saleh Kareema M, An alkalophilic thermostable lipase produced by a new isolate of Bacillus alcalophilus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:459-464 (2000).
39. Lailaja VP and Chandrasekaran M, Detergent compatible alkaline lipase produced by marine Bacillus smithii BTMS 11. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:1349-1360 (2013).
40. Kumar S, Kikon K, Upadhyay A, Kanwar SS and Gupta R, Production, purification, and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus coagulans BTS-3. Protein Expres Purif 41:38-44 (2005).
41. Massadeh MI and Sabra F, Production and characterization of lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Afr J Biotechnol 10:13139-13146 (2011).
42. Castro-Ochoa Lelie D, Citlali Gómez R, Alfaro Gerardo V and Ros Rosamaria O, Screening, purification and characterization of the thermoalkalophilic lipase produced by Bacillus thermoleovorans CCR11. Enzyme Microb Technol 37:648-654 (2005).
43. Sarkar P, Yamasaki S, Basak S, Bera A and Bag PK, Purification and characterization of a new alkali-thermostable lipase from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Arachis hypogaea rhizosphere. Process Biochem 47:858-866 (2012).
44. Kittikun Aran H, Prasertsan P, Zimmermann W, Seesuriyachan P and Chaiyaso T, Sugar ester synthesis by thermostable lipase from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus ME168. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:1969-1982 (2012).
45. Panda AK, Bisht SS and Panigrahi AK, Bio-chemical and molecular characterization of thermophiles from hot water springs of Southern Odisha. Ecoscan 3:133-145 (2013).
46. Martínez DLP, Gómez CR, Galbis DM, Chávez JAC, Alfaro GV and Ros RO, Thermophilic bacteria from Mexican thermal environments: Isolation and potential applications. Environ Technol 31:957-966 (2010).
47. Bayoumi RA, Atta HM and El-Sehrawy MH, Bioremediation of Khormah slaughter house wastes by production of thermoalkali stable lipase for application in leather industries. Life Sci J 9:4 (2012).
48. Satyanarayana T, Raghukumar C and Shivaji S, Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives. Curr sci 89:78-91 (2005).
49. Bora L, Kar A, Baruah I and Kalita MC, Hot springs of Tawang and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Curr Sci 9:1011-1013 (2006).
50. Krulwich TA and Guffanati AA, Alkaliphilic bacteria. Ann Rev Microbiol 43:435-463 (1989).
51. Duckworth AW, Grant WD, Jones BE and Van Steenbergen R, Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 19:181-191 (1996).
52. Vargas Virginia A, Delgado Osvaldo D, Hatti-Kaul R and Mattiasson B, Lipase-producing microorganisms from a Kenyan alkaline soda lake. Biotechnol Lett 26:81-86 (2004).
53. Wang YX, Liu JH, Zhang XX, Chen YG, Wang ZG, Chen Y, et al. Fodinicurvata sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Fodinicurvata fenggangensis sp. nov., poly-b-hydroxybutyrate producing bacteria in the family Rhodospirillaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:2575-2581 (2009).
54. Boussau B, Blanquart S, Necsulea A, Lartillot N and Gouy M, Parallel adaptations to high temperatures in the Archaean eon. Nature 456:942-945 (2008).
55. Koga Y, Thermal adaptation of the Archaeal and bacterial lipid membranes. Archaea 2012:article ID 789652, 6 (2012).
56. Jaenicke R, Schurig H, Beaucamp N and Ostendorp R, Structure and stability of hyperstable proteins: Glycolytic enzymes from hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. Adv Protein Chem 48:181-269 (1996).
57. Kumar S and Nussinov R, How do thermophiles deal with heat? Cell Mol Life Sci 58:1216-1233 (2001).
58. Moon SH and Parulekar SJ, A parametric study of protease production on batch and fed-batch cultures of Bacillus firmus. Biotechnol Bioeng 37:467-483 (1991).
59. Padan E, Bibi E, Ito M and Krulwich TA, Alkaline pH homeostasis in bacteria: New insights. Biochim Biophys Acta: Biomembr 1717:67-88 (2005).
60. + antiporters. Mol Microbiol 74:270-281 (2009).
61. Krulwich TA, Ito M, Gilmour R, Sturr MG, Guffanti AA and Hicks DB, Energetic problems of extremely alkaliphilic aerobes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1275:21-26 (1996).
62. + electrogenic antiporter in an alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 128:315-320 (1995).
63. +-stimulated P-type ATPase in the membrane of a facultatively anaerobic alkaliphile, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum. Curr Microbiol 39:27-30 (1999).
64. Ueno S, Kaieda N and Koyama N, Characterization of a P-type Na+-ATPase of a facultatively anaerobic alkaliphile, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum. J Biol Chem 275:14537-14540 (2000).
65. Crognale S, Federici F and Petruccioli M, β-Glucan production by Botryospheria rhodina on undiluted olive-mill wastewaters. Biotechnol Lett 25:2013-2015 (2003).
66. Fenice M, Sermanni GG, Federici F and D'Annibale A, Submerged and solid-state bioprocesses for laccase and manganese-peroxidase production by Panus tigrinus on olive-mill wastewater based media. J Biotechnol 100:77-85 (2003).
67. Scioli C and Vollaro L, The use of Yarrowia lipolytica to reduce pollution in olive mill wastewaters. Water Res 31:2520-2524 (1997).
68. Millan B, Lucas R, Robles A, Garcia T, de Cienfuegos GA and Galvez A, A study on the microbiota from olive-mill wastewater (OMW) disposal lagoons with emphasis on filamentous fungi and biodegradative potential. Microbiol Res 155:143-147 (2000).
69. Ruchi G, Anshu G and Khare SK, Lipase from solvent tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain: Production optimization by response surface methodology and application. Bioresour Technol 99:4796-4802 (2008).
70. Kumar S, Katiyar N, Ingle P and Negi S, Use of evolutionary operation (EVOP) factorial design technique to develop a bioprocess using grease waste as a substrate for lipase production. Bioresour Technol 102:4909-4912 (2011).
71. Kumari A, Mahapatra P and Banerjee R, Statistical optimization of culture conditions by response surface methodology for synthesis of lipase with Enterobacter aerogenes. Braz Arch Biol Technol 52:1349-1356 (2009).
72. Li J, Chen S, Li L, Yu Y, Fei Z, Qiao D, et al. Approach of directed evolution of microbial lipases and biodiesel catalysis. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:637-642 (2012).
73. Jaeger KE and Eggert T, Lipases for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13:390-397 (2002).
74. Kuddus M and Ramteke PW, Recent developments in production and biotechnological applications of cold-active microbial proteases. Crit Rev Microbiol 38:330-338 (2012).
75. Castro Rodolfo Q, Diaz P, Alfaro Gerardo V, Garcia Hugo S and Ros Rosamaria O, Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of the Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 thermoalkaliphilic lipase. Mol Biotechnol 42:75-83 (2009).
76. Bornscheuer UT, Huisman G, Kazlauskas RJ, Lutz S, Moore J and Robins K, Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis. Nature 485:185-194 (2012).
77. Geddie ML and Matsumura I, Rapid evolution of β-glucuronidase specificity by saturation mutagenesis of an active site loop. J Biol Chem 279:26462-26468 (2004).
78. Reetz MT and Carballeira JD, Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) for rapid directed evolution of functional enzymes. Nat Protoc 2:891-903 (2007).
79. Reetz MT, Laboratory evolution of stereoselective enzymes: A prolific source of catalysts for asymmetric reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:138-174 (2011).
80. Reetz MT, Carballeira JD, Peyralans J, Hobenreich H, Maichele A and Vogel A, Expanding the substrate scope of enzymes: Combining mutations obtained by CASTing. Chemistry-a European Journal 12:6031-6038 (2006).
81. Schmidt M, Hasenpusch D, Kähler M, Kirchner U, Wiggenhorn K, Langel W, et al. Directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens yields a mutant with excellent enantioselectivity and activity for the kinetic resolution of a chiral building block. Chem BioChem 7:805-809 (2006).
82. Dalby PA, Engineering enzymes for biocatalysis. Recent Patents on Biotechnology 1:1-9 (2007).
83. Ruslan R, Abd Rahman RN, Leow TC, Ali MSM, Basri M and Salleh AB, Improvement of thermal stability via outer-loop ion pair interaction of mutated T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae strain T1. Int J Mol Sci 13:943-960 (2012).
84. Ahmad S, Kamal MZ, Sankaranarayanan R and Rao NM, Thermostable Bacillus subtilis lipases: in vitro evolution and structural insight. J Mol Biol 381:324-340 (2008).
85. Vieille C and Zeikus GJ, Hyperthermophilic enzymes: Sources, uses, and molecular mechanisms for thermostability. Microbiol Mol Bio Rev 65:1 (2001).
86. Ahmad SA, Kamal MZ, Sankaranarayanan R and Rao NM, Thermostable Bacillus subtilis lipases: in-vitro evolution and structural insight. J Mol Biol 381:324-340 (2008).
87. Khurana J, Singh R and Kaur J, Engineering of Bacillus lipase by directed evolution for enhanced thermal stability: effect of isoleucine to threonine mutation at protein surface. Mol Biol Rep 38:2919-2926 (2011).
88. Ebrahimpour A, Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja A, Basri M and Salleh Abu B, High level expression and characterization of a novel thermostable, organic solvent tolerant, 1, 3-regioselective lipase from Geobacillus sp. Strain ARM. Bioresour Technol 102:6972-6981 (2011).
89. Patil KJ, Chopda MZ and Mahajan RT, Lipase biodiversity. Indian J Sci Technol 4:971-982 (2011).
90. Jaeger KE, Dijkstra BW and Reetz MT, Bacterial biocatalysts: Molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of lipases. Annu Rev Microbiol 53:315-351 (1999).
91. Snellman EA, Sullivan ER and Colwell RR, Purification and properties of the extracellular lipase, LipA, of Acinetobacter sp. RAG-1. FEBS J 269:5771-5779 (2002).
92. Sharma R, Soni SK, Vohra RM, Gupta LK and Gupta JK, Purification and characterization of a thermostable alkaline lipase from a new thermophilic Bacillus sp. RSJ-1. Process Biochem 37:1075-1084 (2002).
93. Hasan F, Shah AA and Hameed A, Industrial applications of microbial lipases. Enzyme Microb Technol 39:235-251 (2006).
94. Ghosh PK, Saxena TK, Gupta R, Yadav RP and Davidson S, Microbial lipases: Production and applications. Sci Prog 79:119-157 (1996).
95. Saxena RK, Ghosh PK, Gupta R, Davidson WS, Bradoo S and Gulati R, Microbial lipases: Potential biocatalysts for the future industry. Curr Sci 771:101-115 (1999).
96. Vanderhaegen B, Neven H, Coghe S, Verstrepen KJ, Derdelinckx G and Verachtert H, Bioflavoring and beer refermentation. App Microbiol Biotechnol 6:40-150 (2003).
97. Hasan F, Ali AA and Hameed A, Industrial applications of microbial lipases. Enzyme Microb Technol 39:235-251 (2006).
98. Jaeger KE, Ransac S, Dijkstra B, Colson C, Heuvel M and Misset O, Bacterial lipases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15:29-63 (1994).
99. Gupta N, Mehra G and Gupta R, A glycerol-inducible thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp.: Medium optimization by a Plackett-Burman design and by response surface methodology. Can J Microbiol 50:361-368 (2004).
100. Wang H, Zhong S, Ma H, Zhang J and Qi W, Screening and characterization of a novel alkaline lipase from Acinetobacter calocoaceticus 1-7 isolated from Bohai Bay in China for detergent formulation. Braz J Microbiol 43:148-156 (2012).
101. Bora L and Kalita MC, Production of thermostable alkaline lipase on vegetable oils from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. DH4, characterization and its potential applications as detergent additive. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 83:688-693 (2008).
102. Bajpai P, Application of enzymes in paper and pulp industry. Biotechnol Prog 15:147-157 (1999).
103. Jaeger K E and Reetz MT, Microbial lipases from versatile tools for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 16:396-403 (1998).
104. Fukuda S, Hayashi S, Ochiai H, Iiizumi T and Nakamura K, Improvers for de-inking of waste paper. Japanese Patent, 2:229, 290 (1990).
105. Haalck L, Hedrich HC, Hassink J and Spener F, Modification of waste fats by lipase-catalyzed reaction in solvent-free substrate blends. Prog Biotechnol 8:505-512 (1992).
106. Lin JF, Lin Q, Li J, Fei ZA, Li XR, Xu H, et al. Bacterial diversity of lipase-producing strains in different soils in southwest of China and characteristics of lipase. Afr J Microbiol 6:3797-3806 (2012).
107. Riffaldi R, Levi-Minzi R, Cardelli S and Palumbo S, Soil biological activities in monitoring the bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil. Water, Air Soil Pollut 170:15 (2006).
108. Prasad MP and Manjunath K, Comparative study on biodegradation of lipid rich wastewater using lipase producing bacterial species. Indian J Biotechnol 10:121-124 (2011).
109. Mongkolthanaruka W and Dharmsthiti S, Biodegradation of lipid-rich wastewater by a mixed bacterial consortium. Int Biodeter Biodegr 50:101-105 (2002).
110. Iso M, Chen B, Eguchi M, Kudo T and Shrestha S, Production of biodiesel fuel from triclycerides and alcohol using immobilized lipase. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 16:53-58 (2001).
111. Shah S, Sharma S and Gupta MN, Biodiesel preparation by lipase catalysed transesterification of Jatropha oil. Energ Fuels 18:154-159 (2004).
112. Cavalcanti-Oliveira ED, Silva PRR, Ramos AP, Aranda DAG and Freire DMG, Study of soybean oil hydrolysis catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase and its application to biodiesel production via hydroesterification. Enzyme Res 2011:8 (2011).