9.09 - Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s

Polymer Science: a Comprehensive Reference: Volume 1-10

Volumn 1-10, Issue , 2012, Pages 157-182

  Taguchi, S ^a   Iwata, T ^b   Abe, H ^c   Doi, Y ^c  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c RIKEN   (Japan)

Author keywords

Bio based polyester; Biodegradability; Biosynthesis; Crystal structure; Efficient processing procedures; Enzymatic degradation; Industrial production; Metabolic engineering; Physical properties; Solid state structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884186895     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00223-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (233)

1. R.W. Lenz and R.H. Marchessault (2005) Biomacromolecules 6 1.
2. S. Taguchi and T. Tsuge (2008) S. Lutz, U.T. Bornschuer (Eds) Protein Engineering Handbook Weinheim: Wiley-VCH 877.
3. A. Steinbüchel, H.E. Hustede, P.M.U. Liebergell, et al. (1992) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 103 217.
4. K. Sudesh, H. Abe and Y. Doi (2000) Prog. Polym. Sci. 25 1503.
5. S.Y. Lee (1996) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49 1.
6. A.J. Anderson and E.A. Dawes (1990) Microbiol. Rev. 54 450.
7. A. Steinbüchel and H. Valentin (1995) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 128 219.
8. L.L. Madison and G.W. Huisman (1999) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63 21.
9. S. Taguchi, M. Yamada, K. Matsumoto, et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 17323.
10. T. Lütke-Eversloh, A. Fischer, U. Remminghorst, et al. (2002) Nat. Mater. 1 236.
11. J. Lu, R.C. Tappel and C.T. Nomura (2009) Polym. Rev. 49 226.
12. S. Tgauchi and Y. Doi (2004) Macromol. Biosci. 4 146.
13. I.S. Aldor and J.D. Keasling (2003) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 14 475.
14. K. Taguchi, S. Taguchi, K. Sudesh, et al. (2002) A. Steinbüchel, Y. Doi (Eds) Biopolymers Vol. 3a Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 219.
15. S.C. Slater, W.H. Voige and D.E. Dennis (1988) J. Bacteriol. 170 4431.
16. P. Schubert, A. Steinbüchel and H.G. Schlegel (1988) J. Bacteriol. 170 5837.
17. T. Fukui, N. Shiomi and Y. Doi (1998) J. Bacteriol. 180 667.
18. B.H. Rehm, N. Kruger and A. Steinbüchel (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273 24044.
19. K. Taguchi, Y. Aoyagi, H. Matsusaki, et al. (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 176 183.
20. Q. Ren, N. Sierro, B. Witholt and B. Kessler (2000) J. Bacteriol. 182 2978.
21. C.T. Nomura, K. Taguchi, S. Taguchi and Y. Doi (2004) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 999.
22. C.T. Nomura and S. Taguchi (2007) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 73 969.
23. B.H. Rehm (2003) Biochem. J. 376 15.
24. J. Stubbe, J. Tian, J. He, et al. (2005) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 4 433.
25. T.U. Gerngross, K.D. Snell, O.P. Peoples, et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33 9311.
26. U. Müh, A.J. Sinskey, D.P. Kirby, et al. (1999) Biochemistry 38 826.
27. Y. Jia, T.J. Kappock, T. Frick, et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39 3927.
28. Y. Jia, W. Yuan, J. Wodzinska, et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40 1011.
29. J. Tian, A.J. Sinskey and J. Stubbe (2005) Biochemistry 44 8369.
30. A.A. Amara and B.H. Rehm (2003) Biochem. J. 374 413.
31. S. Taguchi, A. Ozaki and H. Momose (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 126 689.
32. S. Taguchi, A. Maehara, K. Takase, et al. (2001) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 198 65.
33. S. Taguchi, H. Nakamura, T. Hiraishi, et al. (2002) J. Biochem. 131 801.
34. Y.M. Normi, T. Hiraishi, S. Taguchi, et al. (2005) Macromol. Biosci. 5 197.
35. Y.M. Normi, T. Hiraishi, S. Taguchi, et al. (2005) Biotechnol. Lett. 27 705.
36. S. Taguchi, S. Komada and H. Momose (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 1410.
37. Z. Zheng, M. Li, X.J. Xue, et al. (2006) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 72 896.
38. H. Matsusaki, H. Abe and Y. Doi (2000) Biomacromolecules 1 17.
39. H. Abe and Y. Doi (2002) Biomacromolecules 3 133.
40. Y. Doi, S. Kitamura and H. Abe (1995) Macromolecules 28 4822.
41. T. Kichise, S. Taguchi and Y. Doi (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 2411.
42. T. Tsuge, S. Watanabe, D. Shimada, et al. (2007) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 277 217.
43. A.A. Amara, A. Steinbüchel and B.H. Rehm (2002) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 59 477.
44. K. Matsumoto, K. Takase, Y. Yamamoto and Y. Doi (2009) Biomacromolecules 10 682.
45. K. Takase, S. Taguchi and Y. Doi (2003) J. Biochem. 133 139.
46. K. Takase, K. Matsumoto, S. Taguchi and Y. Doi (2004) Biomacromolecules 5 480.
47. T. Tsuge, Y. Saito, M. Narike, et al. (2004) Macromol. Biosci. 4 963.
48. K. Matsumoto, K. Takase, E. Aoki, et al. (2005) Biomacromolecules 6 99.
49. K. Matsumoto, E. Aoki, K. Takase, et al. (2006) Biomacromolecules 7 2436.
50. F. Shozui, K. Matsumoto, T. Sasaki and S. Taguchi (2009) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84 1117.
51. T. Tsuge, Y. Saito, Y. Kikkawa, et al. (2004) Macromol. Biosci. 4 238.
52. T. Tsuge, K. Yano, S. Imazu, et al. (2005) Macromol. Biosci. 4 963.
53. T. Tsuge, S. Watanabe, S. Sato, et al. (2007) Macromol. Biosci. 7 846.
54. K. Matsumoto, R. Nagao, T. Murata, et al. (2005) Biomacromolecules 6 2126.
55. K. Matsumoto, Y. Arai, R. Nagao, et al. (2006) J. Polym. Environ. 14 369.
56. D.K. Solaiman (2003) J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30 322.
57. D.S. Sheu and C.Y. Lee (2004) J. Bacteriol. 186 4177.
58. N. Niamsiri, S.C. Delamarre, Y.R. Kim and C.A. Batt (2004) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 6789.
59. T. Hisano, T. Tsuge, T. Fukui, et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278 617.
60. T. Tsuge, T. Hisano, S. Taguchi and Y. Doi (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 4830.
61. F. Hu, Y. Cao, F. Xiao, et al. (2007) Curr. Microbiol. 55 20.
62. C.T. Nomura, T. Tanaka, Z. Gan, et al. (2004) Biomacromolecules 5 1457.
63. I.S. Aldor, S.W. Kim, K.L. Prather and J.D. Keasling (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 3848.
64. T. Fukui, H. Abe and Y. Doi (2002) Biomacromolecules 3 618.
65. T. Fukui, M. Suzuki, T. Tsuge and S. Nakamura (2009) Biomacromolecules 10 700.
66. M. Yamada, K. Matsumoto, T. Nakai and S. Taguchi (2009) Biomacromolecules 10 677.
67. F. Shozui, K. Matsumoto, T. Nakai, et al. (2010) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85 949.
68. F. Shozui, K. Matsumoto, R. Motohashi, et al. (2010) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 1340.
69. M. Yamada, K. Matsumoto, K. Shimizu, et al. (2010) Biomacromolecules 11 815.
70. T.H. Yang, T.W. Kim, H.O. Kang, et al. (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105 150.
71. Y.K. Jung, T.Y. Kim, S.J. Park and S.Y. Lee (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105 161.
72. K. Matsumoto and S. Taguchi (2010) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85 921.
73. S. Taguchi (2010) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 1421.
74. N. Tanadchangsaeng, A. Kitagawa, T. Yamamoto, et al. (2009) Biomacromolecules 10 2866.
75. A. Pohlmann, W.F. Fricke, F. Reinecke, et al. (2006) Nat. Biotechnol. 24 1257.
76. S.P. Valappil, A.R. Boccaccini, C. Bucke and B.I. Roy (2007) Antonie Leeuwenhoek 91 1.
77. S.J. Jo, K. Matsumoto, C.R. Leong, et al. (2007) J. Biosci. Bioeng. 104 457.
78. J. Mifune, K. Grage and B.H. Rehm (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 4668.
79. R. Carlson and F. Srienc (2006) J. Biotechnol. 124 561.
80. Y. Asada, M. Miyake, J. Miyake, et al. (1999) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 25 37.
81. B.P. Mooney (2009) Biochem. J. 418 219.
82. N. Thomson, I. Roy, D. Summers and E. Sivaniah (2010) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 85 670.
83. M. Akiyama, T. Tsuge and Y. Doi (2003) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 80 183.
84. K. Grage, A.C. Jahns, N. Parlane, et al. (2009) Biomacromolecules 10 660.
85. C. Moldes, P. Garcia, J.L. Garcia and M.A. Prieto (2004) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 3205.
86. M.R. Banki, T.U. Gerngross and D.W. Wood (2005) Protein Sci. 14 1387.
87. J.P. Park, K.B. Lee, S.J. Lee, et al. (2005) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 92 160.
88. D. Na, T.Y. Kim and S.Y. Lee (2010) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 13 363.
89. G.Q. Chen (2009) Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 2434.
90. R. Alper, D.G. Lundgren, R.H. Marchessault and W.A. Cote (1963) Biopolymers 1 545.
91. D.G. Lundgren, R. Alper, C. Schnaitman and R.H. Marchessault (1965) J. Bacteriol. 89 245.
92. Y. Doi (1990) Microbial Polyesters. New York, NY: VCH Publishers
93. M. Yokouchi, Y. Chatani, H. Tadokoro, et al. (1973) Polymer 14 267.
94. K. Okamura and R.H. Marchessault (1967) G.N. Ramachandra (Eds) Conformation of Biopolymers Vol. 2 New York, NY: Academic Press 709.
95. G.J.M. De Koning and P.J. Lemstra (1993) Polymer 34 4089.
96. M. Scandola, G. Ceccorulli and M. Pizzoli (1989) Macromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 10 47.
97. P.A. Holmes (1988) D.C. Bassett (Eds) Developments in Crystalline Polymers Vol. 2 London; New York, NY: Elsevier Applied Science 1.
98. S. Nakamura, Y. Doi and M. Scandola (1992) Macromolecules 25 4237.
99. M. Pizzoli, M. Scandola and G. Ceccorulli (1994) Macromolecules 24 4755.
100. N. Yoshie, M. Saito and Y. Inoue (2001) Macromolecules 34 8953.
101. Y. Saito and Y. Doi (1994) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 16 99.
102. F. Su, T. Iwata, F. Tanaka and Y. Doi (2003) Macromolecules 36 6401.
103. S. Kusaka, T. Iwata and Y. Doi (1998) J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. 35 319.
104. S. Kusaka, T. Iwata and Y. Doi (1999) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 25 87.
105. T. Iwata, S. Kusaka and Y. Doi (2000) C. Scholz, R.A. Gross (Eds) Polymer from Renewable Resources: Biopolyesters and Biocatalysis ACS Symposium Series 764 Washington, DC: ACS 67.
106. Y. Aoyagi, Y. Doi and T. Iwata (2003) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 79 209.
107. T. Iwata, K. Tsunoda, Y. Aoyagi, et al. (2003) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 79 217.
108. T. Iwata (2005) Macromol. Biosci. 5 689.
109. J.J. Fischer, Y. Aoyagi, M. Enoki, et al. (2004) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 83 453.
110. T. Iwata and Y. Doi (2005) Macromol. Symp. 224 11.
111. S.Y. Lee, K.M. Lee, H.N. Chang and A. Steinbüchel (1994) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44 1337.
112. S. Kusaka, H. Abe, S.Y. Lee and Y. Doi (1997) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 47 140.
113. S.A. Gordeyev and Y.P. Nekrasov (1999) J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18 1691.
114. G. Schmack, D. Jehnichen, R. Vogel and B. Tändler (2000) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 38 2841.
115. H. Yamane, K. Terao, S. Hiki and Y. Kimura (2001) Polymer 42 3241.
116. Y. Furuhashi, Y. Imamura, Y. Jikihara and H. Yamane (2004) Polymer 45 5703.
117. T. Iwata, Y. Aoyagi, M. Fujita, et al. (2004) Macromol. Rapid Commun. 25 1100.
118. T. Iwata, Y. Aoyagi, T. Tanaka, et al. (2006) Macromolecules 39 5789.
119. T. Iwata, M. Fujita, Y. Aoyagi, et al. (2005) Biomacromolecules 6 1803.
120. W.J. Orts, R.H. Marchessault, T.L. Bluhm and G.K. Hamer (1990) Macromolecules 23 5368.
121. T. Ohura, Y. Aoyagi, K. Takagi, et al. (1999) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 63 23.
122. T. Yamamoto, M. Kimizu, T. Kikutani, et al. (1997) Int. Polym. Proc. XII 29.
123. T. Tanaka, M. Fujita, A. Takeuchi, et al. (2006) Macromolecules 39 2940.
124. T. Tanaka, K. Uesugi, A. Takeuchi, et al. (2007) Polymer 48 6145.
125. T. Tanaka, T. Yabe, S. Teramachi and T. Iwata (2007) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 1016.
126. D.P. Martin and S.F. Williams (2003) Biochem. Eng. J. 16 97.
127. E.B. Bond (2003) Macromol. Symp. 197 19.
128. Y. Jikihara, T. Saito and H. Yamane (2006) Sen’i Gakkaishi 62 115.
129. T. Tanaka, K. Nagasaki, S. Teramachi and T. Iwata (2007) Fiber Prepr. Jpn. 62(1), 103.
130. T. Iwata (2003) Polym. J. 60 377.
131. D.H. Reneker and I. Chun (1996) Nanotechnology 7 216.
132. K. Morota, K. Matsumoto, T. Mizukoshi, et al. (2004) J. Colloid Interface Sci. 279 484.
133. X. Zong, H. Bien, C.Y. Chung, et al. (2005) Biomaterials 26 5330.
134. J. Kim and D.H. Reneker (1999) Polym. Compos. 20 124.
135. D. Ishii, W.K. Lee, K. Kasuya and T. Iwata (2007) J. Biotechnol. 132 318.
136. T.H. Ying, D. Ishii, A. Magara, et al. (2008) Biomaterials 29 1307.
137. A.A. Chowdhury (1963) Arch. Mikrobiol. 47 167.
138. B.H. Briese, D. Jendrossek and H.G. Schlegel (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 117 107.
139. C.L. Brucato and S.S. Wong (1991) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 290 497.
140. F.P. Delafield, K.E. Cooksey and M.M. Doudroff (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240 4023.
141. D. Jendrossek, I. Knoke, R.B. Habibian, et al. (1993) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 1 53.
142. D. Jendrossek, B. Müller and H.G. Schlegel (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 218 701.
143. D.Y. Kim and Y.H. Rhee (2003) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 61 300.
144. K. Kita, K. Ishimaru, M. Teraoka, et al. (1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 1727.
145. M. Matavulj and H.P. Molitoris (1992) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 103 323.
146. J. Mergaert, C. Anderson, A. Wouters and J. Swings (1994) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 1 177.
147. J. Mergaert, A. Schirmer, L. Hauben, et al. (1996) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46 769.
148. J. Mergaert, A. Webb, C. Anderson, et al. (1993) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 3233.
149. K. Mukai, K. Yamada and Y. Doi (1993) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 41 85.
150. K. Mukai, K. Yamada and Y. Doi (1994) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 43 319.
151. T. Tanio, T. Fukui, Y. Shirakura, et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 124 71.
152. K. Yamada, K. Mukai and Y. Doi (1993) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 15 215.
153. Y. Doi, Y. Kanesawa, N. Tanahashi and Y. Kumagai (1992) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 36 173.
154. Y. Doi, K. Kasuya, H. Abe, et al. (1996) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 51 281.
155. K.E. Gonda, D. Jendrossek and H.P. Molitoris (2000) Hydrobiologia 426 173.
156. J. Mergaert, A. Wouters, C. Anderson and J. Swings (1995) Can. J. Microbiol. 41(Suppl. 1), 154.
157. M. Kitano and Y. Yakabe (1994) Y. Doi, K. Fukuda (Eds) Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Amsterdam: Elsevier 217.
158. Y. Doi and H. Abe (1997) Macromol. Symp. 118 725.
159. K. Kasuya, K. Takagi, S. Ishiwatari, et al. (1998) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 59 327.
160. K. Nakayama, T. Saito, T. Fukui, et al. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 827 63.
161. M. Uefuji, K. Kasuya and Y. Doi (1997) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 58 275.
162. B.H. Briese, B. Schmidt and D. Jendeossek (1994) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 2 75.
163. D. Jendrossek, M. Bachous and M. Andermann (1995) Can. J. Microbiol. 41 160.
164. D. Jendrossek, A. Frisse, A. Behrends, et al. (1995) J. Bacteriol. 177 596.
165. K. Kasuya, Y. Inoue, T. Tanaka, et al. (1997) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 4844.
166. B. Klingbeil, R. Kroppenstedt and D. Jendrossek (1996) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 142 215.
167. T. Saito, K. Suzuki, J. Yamamoto, et al. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171 184.
168. M. Shinomiya, T. Iwata, K. Kasuya and Y. Doi (1997) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 154 89.
169. T. Watanabe, W. Oyanagi, K. Suzuki, et al. (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174 408.
170. T. Kobayashi, A. Sugiyama, Y. Kawase, et al. (1999) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 7 9.
171. K. Kita, S. Mashiba, M. Nagita, et al. (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1352 113.
172. M. Takeda, K. Kitashima, K. Adachi, et al. (2000) J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90 416.
173. A. Schirmer and D. Jendrossek (1994) J. Bacteriol. 176 7065.
174. A. Schirmer, C. Matz and D. Jendrossek (1995) Can. J. Microbiol. 41(Suppl. 1), 170.
175. U. Schöber, C. Thiel and D. Jendrossek (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 1385.
176. M. Nojiri and T. Saito (1997) J. Bacteriol. 179 6965.
177. K. Kasuya, T. Takano, Y. Tezuka, et al. (2003) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 33 221.
178. K.E. Jaeger, B.W. Dijkstra and M.T. Reetz (1999) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53 315.
179. K.E. Jaeger, S. Ransac, B.W. Dijkstra, et al. (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 15 29.
180. K.E. Jaeger, A. Steinbüchel and D. Jendrossek (1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 3113.
181. A. Behrends, B. Klingbeil and D. Jendrossek (1996) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 143 191.
182. B.H. Briese and D. Jendrossek (1998) Macromol. Symp. 130 205.
183. T. Fukui, T. Narikawa, K. Miwa, et al. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 952 164.
184. T. Hiraishi, T. Ohura, S. Ito, et al. (2000) Biomacromolecules 1 320.
185. K. Kasuya, T. Ohura, K. Masuda and Y. Doi (1999) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 24 329.
186. T. Ohura, K. Kasuya and Y. Doi (1999) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 189.
187. M. Shinomiya, T. Iwata and Y. Doi (1998) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 22 129.
188. B.M. Bachmann and D. Seebach (1999) Macromolecules 32 1777.
189. H. Brandl, B. Aeberli, R. Bachofen, et al. (1995) Can. J. Microbiol. 41(Suppl. 1), 180.
190. Y. Shirakura, T. Fukui, T. Saito, et al. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 880 46.
191. T. Hisano, K. Kasuya, Y. Tezuka, et al. (2006) J. Mol. Biol. 356 993.
192. Y. Doi, K. Mukai, K. Kasuya and K. Yamada (1994) Y. Doi, K. Fukuda (Eds) Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Amsterdam: Elsevier 39.
193. K. Kasuya, Y. Inoue, K. Yamada and Y. Doi (1995) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 48 167.
194. K. Mukai, K. Yamada and Y. Doi (1993) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 15 361.
195. M.R. Timmins, R.W. Lenz and R.C. Fuller (1997) Polymer 38 551.
196. K. Kasuya, Y. Inoue and Y. Doi (1996) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 19 35.
197. K. Yamashita, T. Funato, Y. Suzuki, et al. (2003) Macromol. Biosci. 3 694.
198. Y. Kumagai, Y. Kanesawa and Y. Doi (1992) Makromol. Chem. 193 53.
199. G. Tomasi, M. Scandola, B.H. Briese and D. Jendrossek (1996) Macromolecules 29 507.
200. N. Koyama and Y. Doi (1997) Macromolecules 30 826.
201. H. Abe, Y. Doi, H. Aoki and T. Akehata (1998) Macromolecules 31 1791.
202. P.J. Hocking, R.H. Marchessault, M.R. Timmins, et al. (1996) Macromolecules 29 2472.
203. P.J. Hocking, J.F. Revol and R.H. Marchessault (1996) Macromolecules 29 2467.
204. T. Iwata, Y. Doi, K. Kasuya and Y. Inoue (1997) Macromolecules 30 833.
205. T. Iwata, Y. Doi, T. Tanaka, et al. (1997) Macromolecules 30 5290.
206. G.A.R. Nobes, R.H. Marchessault, H. Chanzy, et al. (1996) Macromolecules 29 8330.
207. T. Iwata and Y. Doi (1999) Macromol. Chem. Phys. 200 2429.
208. T. Iwata, Y. Doi, S. Nakayama, et al. (1999) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 25 169.
209. T. Iwata, M. Shiromo and Y. Doi (2002) Macromol. Chem. Phys. 203 1309.
210. H. Abe, I. Matsubara and Y. Doi (1995) Macromolecules 28 844.
211. M. Scandola, M.L. Focarete, G. Adamus, et al. (1997) Macromolecules 30 2568.
212. M. Scandola, M.L. Focarete, M. Gazzano, et al. (1997) Macromolecules 30 7743.
213. T. Murase, T. Iwata and Y. Doi (2001) Macromol. Biosci. 1 275.
214. T. Murase, Y. Suzuki, Y. Doi and T. Iwata (2002) Biomacromolecules 3 312.
215. K. Numata, Y. Kikkawa, T. Tsuge, et al. (2006) Macromol. Biosci. 6 41.
216. K. Numata, S. Sato, M. Fujita, et al. (2007) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 176.
217. Y. Doi, Y. Kumagai, N. Tanahashi and K. Mukai (1992) M. Vert (Eds) Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry 139.
218. J.E. Kemnitzer, S.P. McCarthy and R.A. Gross (1992) Macromolecules 25 5927.
219. K. Yamashita, Y. Aoyagi, H. Abe and Y. Doi (2001) Biomacromolecules 2 25.
220. N. Matsumoto, M. Fujita, T. Hiraishi, et al. (2008) Biomacromolecules 9 3201.
221. M. Fujita, Y. Kobori, Y. Aoki, et al. (2005) Langmuir 21 11829.
222. H. Abe and Y. Doi (1999) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 25 185.
223. H. Abe, Y. Doi, H. Aoki, et al. (1995) Macromolecules 28 7630.
224. H. Abe, Y. Doi, Y. Hori and T. Hagiwara (1997) Polymer 39 59.
225. A. Cao, Y. Arai, N. Yoshie, et al. (1999) Polymer 40 6821.
226. Y. Kanesawa, N. Tanahashi, Y. Doi and T. Saito (1994) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 45 179.
227. Y. Saito, S. Nakamura, M. Hiramitsu and Y. Doi (1996) Polym. Int. 39 169.
228. E. Shimamura, M. Scandola and Y. Doi (1994) Macromolecules 27 4429.
229. G.A.R. Nobes, R.H. Marchessault, B.H. Briese and D. Jendrossek (1998) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 6 99.
230. K. Numata, Y. Kikkawa, T. Tsuge, et al. (2005) Biomacromolecules 6 2008.
231. K. Numata, T. Hirota, Y. Kikkawa, et al. (2004) Biomacromolecules 5 2186.
232. T. Iwata, Y. Aoyagi, T. Tanaka, et al. (2006) Macromolecules 39 5789.
233. G.Q. Chen (2010) G.Q. Chen (Eds) Plastics from Bacteria: Natural Functions and Applications (Microbiology Monographs) Berlin: Springer-Verlag 121.