메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 28, 2013, Pages 4447-4454

Interplay of autophagy and innate immunity in Crohn's disease: A key immunobiologic feature

Author keywords

Autophagy; Autophagy genes; Crohn's disease; Gut microbiota; Innate immunity

Indexed keywords

BECLIN 1; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 10; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN LIKE RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE B; X BOX BINDING PROTEIN 1;

EID: 84880839372     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i28.4447     Document Type: Editorial
Times cited : (26)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0037043658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 12167685]
    • Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 417-429 [PMID: 12167685]
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 417-429
    • Podolsky, D.K.1
  • 2
    • 77952316009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 20192811 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101225]
    • Kaser A, Zeissig S, Blumberg RS. Inflammatory bowel disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28: 573-621 [PMID: 20192811 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101225]
    • (2010) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 573-621
    • Kaser, A.1    Zeissig, S.2    Blumberg, R.S.3
  • 3
    • 69549148386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of Crohn's disease
    • [PMID: 19453248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-082908-150013]
    • Van Limbergen J, Wilson DC, Satsangi J. The genetics of Crohn's disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2009; 10: 89-116 [PMID: 19453248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-082908-150013]
    • (2009) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet , vol.10 , pp. 89-116
    • van Limbergen, J.1    Wilson, D.C.2    Satsangi, J.3
  • 4
    • 70949107842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 19923578 DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMra0804647]
    • Abraham C, Cho JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2066-2078 [PMID: 19923578 DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMra0804647]
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 2066-2078
    • Abraham, C.1    Cho, J.H.2
  • 6
    • 2442563304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences
    • [PMID: 15168363]
    • Loftus EV. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1504-1517 [PMID: 15168363]
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 1504-1517
    • Loftus, E.V.1
  • 7
    • 77954133026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of effect size distribution from genome-wide association studies and implications for future discoveries
    • [PMID: 20562874 DOI: 10.1038/ng.610]
    • Park JH, Wacholder S, Gail MH, Peters U, Jacobs KB, Chanock SJ, Chatterjee N. Estimation of effect size distribution from genome-wide association studies and implications for future discoveries. Nat Genet 2010; 42: 570-575 [PMID: 20562874 DOI: 10.1038/ng.610]
    • (2010) Nat Genet , vol.42 , pp. 570-575
    • Park, J.H.1    Wacholder, S.2    Gail, M.H.3    Peters, U.4    Jacobs, K.B.5    Chanock, S.J.6    Chatterjee, N.7
  • 8
    • 34547176642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 17653185]
    • Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2007; 448: 427-434 [PMID: 17653185]
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 427-434
    • Xavier, R.J.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 9
    • 77956404377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eaten alive: A history of macroautophagy
    • [PMID: 20811353 DOI: 10.1038/ncb0910-814]
    • Yang Z, Klionsky DJ. Eaten alive: a history of macroautophagy. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12: 814-822 [PMID: 20811353 DOI: 10.1038/ncb0910-814]
    • (2010) Nat Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 814-822
    • Yang, Z.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 10
    • 37649005234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease
    • [PMID: 18191218 DOI: 10.1016/ j.cell.2007.12.018]
    • Levine B, Kroemer G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell 2008; 132: 27-42 [PMID: 18191218 DOI: 10.1016/ j.cell.2007.12.018]
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 27-42
    • Levine, B.1    Kroemer, G.2
  • 11
    • 39849109338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
    • [PMID: 18305538 DOI: 10.1038/nature06639]
    • Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature 2008; 451: 1069-1075 [PMID: 18305538 DOI: 10.1038/nature06639]
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Mizushima, N.1    Levine, B.2    Cuervo, A.M.3    Klionsky, D.J.4
  • 12
    • 78649704325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and metabolism
    • [PMID: 21127245 DOI: 10.1126/science. 1193497]
    • Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science 2010; 330: 1344-1348 [PMID: 21127245 DOI: 10.1126/science. 1193497]
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 1344-1348
    • Rabinowitz, J.D.1    White, E.2
  • 13
    • 72549095406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy
    • [PMID: 19653858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910]
    • He C, Klionsky DJ. Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy. Annu Rev Genet 2009; 43: 67-93 [PMID: 19653858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910]
    • (2009) Annu Rev Genet , vol.43 , pp. 67-93
    • He, C.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 14
    • 77950228925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease. 1. Regulation and significance of autophagy: An overview
    • [PMID: 20089931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00507.2009]
    • Mehrpour M, Esclatine A, Beau I, Codogno P. Autophagy in health and disease. 1. Regulation and significance of autophagy: an overview. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298: C776-C785 [PMID: 20089931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00507.2009]
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.298
    • Mehrpour, M.1    Esclatine, A.2    Beau, I.3    Codogno, P.4
  • 15
    • 61649114427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common role for Atg16L1, Atg5 and Atg7 in small intestinal Paneth cells and Crohn disease
    • [PMID: 19139628]
    • Cadwell K, Patel KK, Komatsu M, Virgin HW, Stappenbeck TS. A common role for Atg16L1, Atg5 and Atg7 in small intestinal Paneth cells and Crohn disease. Autophagy 2009; 5: 250-252 [PMID: 19139628]
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 250-252
    • Cadwell, K.1    Patel, K.K.2    Komatsu, M.3    Virgin, H.W.4    Stappenbeck, T.S.5
  • 19
    • 84862257733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: Where does this lead?
    • [PMID: 22314807 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1127-x]
    • Gordy C, He YW. The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: where does this lead? Protein Cell 2012; 3: 17-27 [PMID: 22314807 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1127-x]
    • (2012) Protein Cell , vol.3 , pp. 17-27
    • Gordy, C.1    He, Y.W.2
  • 20
    • 43049174584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD-like receptors: Ancient sentinels of the innate immune system
    • [PMID: 18204816 DOI: 10.1007/ s00018-008-7502-y]
    • Rosenstiel P, Jacobs G, Till A, Schreiber S. NOD-like receptors: ancient sentinels of the innate immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 1361-1377 [PMID: 18204816 DOI: 10.1007/ s00018-008-7502-y]
    • (2008) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.65 , pp. 1361-1377
    • Rosenstiel, P.1    Jacobs, G.2    Till, A.3    Schreiber, S.4
  • 21
    • 35348932070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular NODlike receptors in host defense and disease
    • [PMID: 17967410]
    • Kanneganti TD, Lamkanfi M, Núñez G. Intracellular NODlike receptors in host defense and disease. Immunity 2007; 27: 549-559 [PMID: 17967410]
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , pp. 549-559
    • Kanneganti, T.D.1    Lamkanfi, M.2    Núñez, G.3
  • 24
    • 11144289688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Crohn' s disease protein, NOD2, requires RIP2 in order to induce ubiquitinylation of a novel site on NEMO
    • [PMID: 15620648]
    • Abbott DW, Wilkins A, Asara JM, Cantley LC. The Crohn' s disease protein, NOD2, requires RIP2 in order to induce ubiquitinylation of a novel site on NEMO. Curr Biol 2004; 14: 2217-2227 [PMID: 15620648]
    • (2004) Curr Biol , vol.14 , pp. 2217-2227
    • Abbott, D.W.1    Wilkins, A.2    Asara, J.M.3    Cantley, L.C.4
  • 26
    • 4444253690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses
    • [PMID: 15220916]
    • Watanabe T, Kitani A, Murray PJ, Strober W. NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 800-808 [PMID: 15220916]
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 800-808
    • Watanabe, T.1    Kitani, A.2    Murray, P.J.3    Strober, W.4
  • 27
    • 37649013801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic stimulation of Nod2 mediates tolerance to bacterial products
    • [PMID: 18032608]
    • Hedl M, Li J, Cho JH, Abraham C. Chronic stimulation of Nod2 mediates tolerance to bacterial products. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 19440-19445 [PMID: 18032608]
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 19440-19445
    • Hedl, M.1    Li, J.2    Cho, J.H.3    Abraham, C.4
  • 30
    • 65249115914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 mutation suppresses transcription of human IL10 by inhibiting activity of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP-A1
    • [PMID: 19349988 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1722]
    • Noguchi E, Homma Y, Kang X, Netea MG, Ma X. A Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 mutation suppresses transcription of human IL10 by inhibiting activity of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP-A1. Nat Immunol 2009; 10: 471-479 [PMID: 19349988 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1722]
    • (2009) Nat Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 471-479
    • Noguchi, E.1    Homma, Y.2    Kang, X.3    Netea, M.G.4    Ma, X.5
  • 35
    • 79959216005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 21677747 DOI: 10.1038/nature10209]
    • Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011; 474: 307-317 [PMID: 21677747 DOI: 10.1038/nature10209]
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 307-317
    • Khor, B.1    Gardet, A.2    Xavier, R.J.3
  • 38
    • 78751672975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
    • [PMID: 21248839 DOI: 10.1038/nature09782]
    • Levine B, Mizushima N, Virgin HW. Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature 2011; 469: 323-335 [PMID: 21248839 DOI: 10.1038/nature09782]
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 323-335
    • Levine, B.1    Mizushima, N.2    Virgin, H.W.3
  • 39
    • 34047256441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRG proteins: Key mediators of interferon-regulated host resistance to intracellular pathogens
    • [PMID: 17359233]
    • Taylor GA. IRG proteins: key mediators of interferon-regulated host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9: 1099-1107 [PMID: 17359233]
    • (2007) Cell Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 1099-1107
    • Taylor, G.A.1
  • 41
    • 73849151394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2 stimulation induces autophagy in dendritic cells influencing bacterial handling and antigen presentation
    • [PMID: 19966812 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2069]
    • Cooney R, Baker J, Brain O, Danis B, Pichulik T, Allan P, Ferguson DJ, Campbell BJ, Jewell D, Simmons A. NOD2 stimulation induces autophagy in dendritic cells influencing bacterial handling and antigen presentation. Nat Med 2010; 16: 90-97 [PMID: 19966812 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2069]
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 90-97
    • Cooney, R.1    Baker, J.2    Brain, O.3    Danis, B.4    Pichulik, T.5    Allan, P.6    Ferguson, D.J.7    Campbell, B.J.8    Jewell, D.9    Simmons, A.10
  • 42
    • 77957682295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis
    • 1630-141 [PMID: 20637199 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.006]
    • Homer CR, Richmond AL, Rebert NA, Achkar JP, McDonald C. ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1630-141, [PMID: 20637199 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.006]
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139
    • Homer, C.R.1    Richmond, A.L.2    Rebert, N.A.3    Achkar, J.P.4    McDonald, C.5
  • 43
    • 77649194674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli are selectively favoured by impaired autophagy to replicate intracellularly
    • [PMID: 19747213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01381.x]
    • Lapaquette P, Glasser AL, Huett A, Xavier RJ, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli are selectively favoured by impaired autophagy to replicate intracellularly. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12: 99-113 [PMID: 19747213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01381.x]
    • (2010) Cell Microbiol , vol.12 , pp. 99-113
    • Lapaquette, P.1    Glasser, A.L.2    Huett, A.3    Xavier, R.J.4    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.5
  • 44
    • 70749123464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a molecular risk map--recent advances on the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 19926490 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.10.001]
    • Rosenstiel P, Sina C, Franke A, Schreiber S. Towards a molecular risk map--recent advances on the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Immunol 2009; 21: 334-345 [PMID: 19926490 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.10.001]
    • (2009) Semin Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 334-345
    • Rosenstiel, P.1    Sina, C.2    Franke, A.3    Schreiber, S.4
  • 45
    • 65749101996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the intestinal epithelium and inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 19237300 DOI: 10.1016/ j.smim.2009.01.001]
    • Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the intestinal epithelium and inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Immunol 2009; 21: 156-163 [PMID: 19237300 DOI: 10.1016/ j.smim.2009.01.001]
    • (2009) Semin Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 156-163
    • Kaser, A.1    Blumberg, R.S.2
  • 46
    • 77249150521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress and intestinal inflammation
    • [PMID: 19865077 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.122]
    • Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3: 11-16 [PMID: 19865077 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.122]
    • (2010) Mucosal Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 11-16
    • Kaser, A.1    Blumberg, R.S.2
  • 47
    • 82255173966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unfolded protein response: From stress pathway to homeostatic regulation
    • [PMID: 22116877 DOI: 10.1126/science.1209038]
    • Walter P, Ron D. The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science 2011; 334: 1081-1086 [PMID: 22116877 DOI: 10.1126/science.1209038]
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 1081-1086
    • Walter, P.1    Ron, D.2
  • 51
    • 34548299555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking of autophagy to ubiquitin-proteasome system is important for the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell viability
    • [PMID: 17620365]
    • Ding WX, Ni HM, Gao W, Yoshimori T, Stolz DB, Ron D, Yin XM. Linking of autophagy to ubiquitin-proteasome system is important for the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell viability. Am J Pathol 2007; 171: 513-524 [PMID: 17620365]
    • (2007) Am J Pathol , vol.171 , pp. 513-524
    • Ding, W.X.1    Ni, H.M.2    Gao, W.3    Yoshimori, T.4    Stolz, D.B.5    Ron, D.6    Yin, X.M.7
  • 52
    • 77956400005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective hepatic autophagy in obesity promotes ER stress and causes insulin resistance
    • [PMID: 20519119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.005]
    • Yang L, Li P, Fu S, Calay ES, Hotamisligil GS. Defective hepatic autophagy in obesity promotes ER stress and causes insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2010; 11: 467-478 [PMID: 20519119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.005]
    • (2010) Cell Metab , vol.11 , pp. 467-478
    • Yang, L.1    Li, P.2    Fu, S.3    Calay, E.S.4    Hotamisligil, G.S.5
  • 53
    • 77950523710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulatory subunits of PI3K, p85alpha and p85beta, interact with XBP-1 and increase its nuclear translocation
    • [PMID: 20348926 DOI: 10.1038/ nm.2099]
    • Park SW, Zhou Y, Lee J, Lu A, Sun C, Chung J, Ueki K, Ozcan U. The regulatory subunits of PI3K, p85alpha and p85beta, interact with XBP-1 and increase its nuclear translocation. Nat Med 2010; 16: 429-437 [PMID: 20348926 DOI: 10.1038/ nm.2099]
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 429-437
    • Park, S.W.1    Zhou, Y.2    Lee, J.3    Lu, A.4    Sun, C.5    Chung, J.6    Ueki, K.7    Ozcan, U.8
  • 54
    • 12944303650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis
    • [PMID: 15680329]
    • Lum JJ, Bauer DE, Kong M, Harris MH, Li C, Lindsten T, Thompson CB. Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis. Cell 2005; 120: 237-248 [PMID: 15680329]
    • (2005) Cell , vol.120 , pp. 237-248
    • Lum, J.J.1    Bauer, D.E.2    Kong, M.3    Harris, M.H.4    Li, C.5    Lindsten, T.6    Thompson, C.B.7
  • 56
    • 3242664636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of commensal microflora by tolllike receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    • [PMID: 15260992]
    • Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of commensal microflora by tolllike receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 2004; 118: 229-241 [PMID: 15260992]
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , pp. 229-241
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Paglino, J.2    Eslami-Varzaneh, F.3    Edberg, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 57
    • 77950353786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis and inflammation in the intestine
    • [PMID: 20303876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.023]
    • Garrett WS, Gordon JI, Glimcher LH. Homeostasis and inflammation in the intestine. Cell 2010; 140: 859-870 [PMID: 20303876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.023]
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 859-870
    • Garrett, W.S.1    Gordon, J.I.2    Glimcher, L.H.3
  • 59
    • 0034873344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains from patients with Crohn's disease survive and replicate within macrophages without inducing host cell death
    • [PMID: 11500426]
    • Glasser AL, Boudeau J, Barnich N, Perruchot MH, Colombel JF, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains from patients with Crohn's disease survive and replicate within macrophages without inducing host cell death. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 5529-5537 [PMID: 11500426]
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 5529-5537
    • Glasser, A.L.1    Boudeau, J.2    Barnich, N.3    Perruchot, M.H.4    Colombel, J.F.5    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.6
  • 60
    • 44349143335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli isolated from a Crohn's disease patient adheres, invades, and induces inflammatory responses in polarized intestinal epithelial cells
    • [PMID: 17900983]
    • Eaves-Pyles T, Allen CA, Taormina J, Swidsinski A, Tutt CB, Jezek GE, Islas-Islas M, Torres AG. Escherichia coli isolated from a Crohn's disease patient adheres, invades, and induces inflammatory responses in polarized intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2008; 298: 397-409 [PMID: 17900983]
    • (2008) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.298 , pp. 397-409
    • Eaves-Pyles, T.1    Allen, C.A.2    Taormina, J.3    Swidsinski, A.4    Tutt, C.B.5    Jezek, G.E.6    Islas-Islas, M.7    Torres, A.G.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.