Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids increase and linoleic acid decreases with age: Observations from 160,000 patients

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

Volumn 88, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 257-263

  Harris, William S ^a   Pottala, James V ^a   Varvel, Stephen A ^a   Borowski, James J ^a   Ward, Jennie N ^a   McConnell, Joseph P ^a  

^a Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Docosahexaenoic acid; Docosapentaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Erythrocytes; Fatty acids; Gender differences; Linoleic acid; Trans fatty acids

Indexed keywords

15 TETRACOSENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FATTY ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LIGNOCERIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; OLEIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; SATURATED FATTY ACID; TRANS FATTY ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CELL LEVEL; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIFESPAN; LIPID COMPOSITION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; CHILD; CORONARY DISEASE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ERYTHROCYTES; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINOLEIC ACID; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880042566     PISSN: 09523278     EISSN: 15322823     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.12.004     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Harris W.S., von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?. Prev. Med. 2004, 39:212-220.
2. Harris W.S., Pottala J.V., Lacey S.M., Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Robins S.J. Clinical correlates and heritability of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid content in the Framingham Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2012, 225:425-431.
3. Harris W.S., Kris-Etherton P.M., Harris K.A. Intakes of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid associated with reduced risk for death from coronary heart disease in healthy adults. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2008, 10:503-509.
4. Harris W.S. The omega-3 index: from biomarker to risk marker to risk factor. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2009, 11:411-417.
5. Schaefer E.J., Bongard V., Beiser A.S., Lamon-Fava S., Robins S.J., Au R., Tucker K.L., Kyle D.J., Wilson P.W., Wolf P.A. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Arch. Neurol. 2006, 63:1545-1550.
6. Farzaneh-Far R., Lin J., Epel E.S., Harris W.S., Blackburn E.H., Whooley M.A. Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA 2010, 303:250-257.
7. Pottala J.V., Garg S., Cohen B.E., Whooley M.A., Harris W.S. Blood eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids predict all-cause mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 2010, 3:406-412.
8. Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health. Second National Report on Biochemical Indicators of Diet and Nutrition in the U.S. Population. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nutritionreport/pdf/Nutrition_Book_complete508_final.pdf#zoom=100.
9. Sun Q., Ma J., Campos H., Hankinson S.E., Hu F.B. Comparison between plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid content as biomarkers of fatty acid intake in US women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 86:74-81.
10. Harris W.S., Pottala J.V., Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Robins S.J. Changes in erythrocyte membrane trans and marine fatty acids between 1999 and 2006 in older Americans. J. Nutr. 2012, 142:1297-1303.
11. Arab L. Biomarkers of fat and fatty acid intake. J. Nutr. 2003, 133(3):925S-932S.
12. Hussein N., Ah-Sing E., Wilkinson P., Leach C., Griffin B.A., Millward D.J. Long-chain conversion of [13C]linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in response to marked changes in their dietary intake in men. J. Lipid Res. 2005, 46:269-280.
13. Rett B.S., Whelan J. Increasing dietary linoleic acid does not increase tissue arachidonic acid content in adults consuming Western-type diets: a systematic review. Nutr. Metab. (London) 2011, 8:36.
14. Wene J.D., Connor W.E., DenBesten L. The development of essential fatty acid deficiency in healthy men fed fat-free diets intravenously and orally. J. Clin. Invest. 1975, 56:127-134.
15. de Groot R.H., van Boxtel M.P., Schiepers O.J., Hornstra G., Jolles J. Age dependence of plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels: potential role of linoleic acid in the age-associated increase in docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations. Br. J. Nutr. 2009, 102:1058-1064.
16. Bolton-Smith C., Woodward M., Tavendale R. Evidence for age-related differences in the fatty acid composition of human adipose tissue, independent of diet. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 51:619-624.
17. Tavendale R., Lee A.J., Smith W.C., Tunstall-Pedoe H. Adipose tissue fatty acids in Scottish men and women: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Atherosclerosis 1992, 94:161-169.
18. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2009-2010 Data Dietary Interview Total Nutrients Intakes First Day DR1TOT C. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Surveys Research Group (Beltsville, MD) and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (Hyattsville, MD), 2011. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/0910/Table_1_NIN_GEN_09.pdf.
19. Block R.C., Harris W.S., Pottala J.V. Determinants of blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content. Open Biomark. J. 2008, 1:1-6.
20. Sands S.A., Reid K.J., Windsor S.L., Harris W.S. The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes. Lipids 2005, 40:343-347.
21. Itomura M., Fujioka S., Hamazaki K., Kobayashi K., Nagasawa T., Sawazaki S., Kirihara Y., Hamazaki T. Factors influencing EPA+DHA levels in red blood cells in Japan. In Vivo 2008, 22:131-135.
22. Aarsetoey H., Ponitz V., Grundt H., Staines H., Harris W.S., Nilsen D.W. (n-3) fatty acid content of red blood cells does not predict risk of future cardiovascular events following an acute coronary syndrome. J. Nutr. 2009, 139:507-513.
23. Nogi A., Yang J., Li L., Yamasaki M., Watanabe M., Hashimoto M., Shiwaku K. Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese, Korean and Mongolian workers. J. Occup. Health 2007, 49:205-216.
24. Dewailly E., Blanchet C., Gingras S., Lemieux S., Sauve L., Bergeron J., Holub B.J. Relations between n-3 fatty acid status and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Quebecers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001, 74:603-611.
25. Dewailly E., Blanchet C., Lemieux S., Sauve L., Gingras S., Ayotte P., Holub B.J. n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Inuit of Nunavik. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001, 74:464-473.
26. Dewailly E., Blanchet C., Gingras S., Lemieux S., Holub B.J. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and n-3 fatty acid status in the adult population of James Bay Cree. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 76:85-92.
27. Crowe F.L., Allen N.E., Appleby P.N., Overvad K., Aardestrup, Johnsen N.F., Tjonneland A., Linseisen J., Kaaks R., Boeing H., Kroger J., Trichopoulou A., Zavitsanou A., Trichopoulos D., Sacerdote C., Palli D., Tumino R., Agnoli C., Kiemeney L.A., Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B., Chirlaque M.D., Ardanaz E., Larranaga N., Quiros J.R., Sanchez M.J., Gonzalez C.A., Stattin P., Hallmans G., Bingham S., Khaw K.T., Rinaldi S., Slimani N., Jenab M., Riboli E., Key T.J. Fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control analysis nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 88:1353-1363.
28. Cleland L.G., James M.J., Neumann M.A., D'Angelo M., Gibson R.A. Linoleate inhibits EPA incorporation from dietary fish-oil supplements in human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1992, 55:395-399.
29. Gronn M., Gorbitz C., Christensen E., Levorsen A., Ose L., Hagve T.A., Christophersen B.O. Dietary n-6 fatty acids inhibit the incorporation of dietary n-3 fatty acids in thrombocyte and serum phospholipids in humans: a controlled dietetic study. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1991, 51:255-263.
30. Hwang D.H., Chanmugam P.S., Ryan D.H., Boudreau M.D., Windhauser M.M., Tulley R.T., Brooks E.R., Bray G.A. Does vegetable oil attenuate the beneficial effects of fish oil in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 66:89-96.
31. Harris W.S., Windsor S.L., Caspermeyer J.J. Modification of lipid-related atherosclerosis risk factors by w3 fatty acid ethyl esters in hypertriglyceridemic patients. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1993, 4:706-712.
32. Harris W.S., Ginsberg H.N., Arunakul N., Shachter N.S., Windsor S.L., Adams M., Berglund L., Osmundsen K. Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia. J. Cardiovasc. Risk 1997, 4:385-392.
33. Metcalf R.G., James M.J., Gibson R.A., Edwards J.R., Stubberfield J., Stuklis R., Roberts-Thomson K., Young G.D., Cleland L.G. Effects of fish-oil supplementation on myocardial fatty acids in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 85:1222-1228.
34. Katan M.B., Deslypere J.P., van Birgelen A.P., Penders M., Zegwaard M. Kinetics of the incorporation of dietary fatty acids into serum cholesteryl esters, erythrocyte membranes, and adipose tissue: an 18-month controlled study. J. Lipid Res. 1997, 38:2012-2022.
35. Vandal M., Freemantle E., Tremblay-Mercier J., Plourde M., Fortier M., Bruneau J., Gagnon J., Begin M., Cunnane S.C. Plasma omega-3 fatty acid response to a fish oil supplement in the healthy elderly. Lipids 2008, 43:1085-1089.
36. Plourde M., Chouinard-Watkins R., Vandal M., Zhang Y., Lawrence P., Brenna J.T., Cunnane S.C. Plasma incorporation, apparent retroconversion and beta-oxidation of 13C-docosahexaenoic acid in the elderly. Nutr. Metab. (London) 2011, 8:5.
37. GISSI-HF investigators. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 1223-1230.
38. Marchioli R., Barzi F., Bomba E., Chieffo C., Di Gregorio D., Di Mascio R., Franzosi M.G., Geraci E., Levantesi G., Maggioni A.P., Mantini L., Marfisi R.M., Mastrogiuseppe G., Mininni N., Nicolosi G.L., Santini M., Schweiger C., Tavazzi L., Tognoni G., Tucci C., Valagussa F. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002, 105:1897-1903.
39. Burr M.L., Fehily A.M., Gilbert J.F., Rogers S., Holliday R.M., Sweetnam P.M., Elwood P.C., Deadman N.M. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989, 2:757-761.
40. Folsom A.R., Demissie Z. Fish intake, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2004, 160:1005-1010.
41. Nagata C., Takatsuka N., Shimizu H. Soy and fish oil intake and mortality in a Japanese community. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002, 156:824-831.
42. Hu F.B., Cho E., Rexrode K.M., Albert C.M., Manson J.E. Fish and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality in diabetic women. Circulation 2003, 107:1852-1857.
43. Chiuve S.E., Rimm E.B., Sandhu R.K., Bernstein A.M., Rexrode K.M., Manson J.E., Willett W.C., Albert C.M. Dietary fat quality and risk of sudden cardiac death in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012, 96:498-507.
44. Albert C.M., Campos H., Stampfer M.J., Ridker P.M., Manson J.E., Willett W.C., Ma J. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346:1113-1118.
45. Nakamura Y., Ueshima H., Okamura T., Kadowaki T., Hayakawa T., Kita Y., Tamaki S., Okayama A. Association between fish consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80, 1980-99. Am. J. Med. 2005, 118:239-245.
46. Osler M., Andreasen A.H., Hoidrup S. No inverse association between fish consumption and risk of death from all-causes, and incidence of coronary heart disease in middle-aged, Danish adults. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2003, 56:274-279.
47. Daviglus M.L., Stamler J., Orencia A.J., Dyer A.R., Liu K., Greenland P., Walsh M.K., Morris D., Shekelle R.B. Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997, 336:1046-1053.
48. Kawabata T., Hirota S., Hirayama T., Adachi N., Hagiwara C., Iwama N., Kamachi K., Araki E., Kawashima H., Kiso Y. Age-related changes of dietary intake and blood eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid levels in Japanese men and women. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2011, 84:131-137.
49. Yanagisawa N., Shimada K., Miyazaki T., Kume A., Kitamura Y., Ichikawa R., Ohmura H., Kiyanagi T., Hiki M., Fukao K., Sumiyoshi K., Hirose K., Matsumori R., Takizawa H., Fujii K., Mokuno H., Inoue N., Daida H. Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels of serum and red blood cells in apparently healthy Japanese subjects living in an urban area. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2010, 17:285-294.
50. Burdge G.C., Wootton S.A. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acids in men and women. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids JID-8802730 2003, 69:283-290.
51. Giltay E.J., Gooren L.J., Toorians A.W., Katan M.B., Zock P.L. Docosahexaenoic acid concentrations are higher in women than in men because of estrogenic effects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 80:1167-1174.
52. Park Y., Lim J., Lee J., Kim S.G. Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction. Br. J. Nutr. 2009, 102:1355-1361.