메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1281, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 51-63

Type 2 diabetes in South Asians: Similarities and differences with white Caucasian and other populations

Author keywords

Ethnic comparison; Prevalence; South Asians; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN;

EID: 84875685376     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06838.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (276)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 82955247909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030
    • Whiting, D.R. et al. 2011. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes. Res. Clin. Pract. 94: 311-321.
    • (2011) Diabetes. Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.94 , pp. 311-321
    • Whiting, D.R.1
  • 2
    • 13844307945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are Indians more prone to diabetes
    • Mohan, V. 2004. Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J. Assoc. Physicians India 52: 468-474.
    • (2004) J. Assoc. Physicians India , vol.52 , pp. 468-474
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 3
    • 77951089891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation. 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2011.
    • International Diabetes Federation. 2011. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2011.
    • (2011) IDF Diabetes Atlas
  • 4
    • 84862171229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural diabetes prevalence quintuples over twenty-five years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Hwang, C.K. et al. 2012. Rural diabetes prevalence quintuples over twenty-five years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 96: 271-285.
    • (2012) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.96 , pp. 271-285
    • Hwang, C.K.1
  • 5
    • 82455212116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdiaDIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study
    • Anjana, R.M. et al. 2011. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdiaDIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia 54: 3022-3027.
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , pp. 3022-3027
    • Anjana, R.M.1
  • 6
    • 84862833609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Diabetes in New York City, 2002-2008: comparing foreign-born South Asians and other Asians with U.S.-born whites, blacks, and Hispanics
    • Gupta, L. et al. 2011. Prevalence of Diabetes in New York City, 2002-2008: comparing foreign-born South Asians and other Asians with U.S.-born whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Diab. Care 34: 1791-1793.
    • (2011) Diab. Care , vol.34 , pp. 1791-1793
    • Gupta, L.1
  • 7
    • 69549108309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian Americans: diabetes prevalence across U.S. and World Health Organization weight classifications
    • Oza-Frank, R. et al. 2009. Asian Americans: diabetes prevalence across U.S. and World Health Organization weight classifications. Diab. Care 1644-1646.
    • (2009) Diab. Care , pp. 1644-1646
    • Oza-Frank, R.1
  • 8
    • 77953229452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk factors in US Asian Indians: results from a national study
    • Misra, R. et al. 2010. Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk factors in US Asian Indians: results from a national study. J. Diab. Complicat. 24: 145-153.
    • (2010) J. Diab. Complicat. , vol.24 , pp. 145-153
    • Misra, R.1
  • 9
    • 0022406686 scopus 로고
    • The Southall Diabetes Survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans
    • Mather, H.M. & H. Keen. 1985. The Southall Diabetes Survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 291: 1081-1084.
    • (1985) Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) , vol.291 , pp. 1081-1084
    • Mather, H.M.1    Keen, H.2
  • 10
    • 0021082372 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the biracial (Melanesian and Indian) population of Fiji: a rural-urban comparison
    • Zimmet, P. et al. 1983. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the biracial (Melanesian and Indian) population of Fiji: a rural-urban comparison. Am. J. Epidemiol. 118: 673-688.
    • (1983) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.118 , pp. 673-688
    • Zimmet, P.1
  • 11
    • 0028082232 scopus 로고
    • South African Indians show a high prevalence of NIDDM and bimodality in plasma glucose distribution patterns
    • Omar, M.A. et al. 1994. South African Indians show a high prevalence of NIDDM and bimodality in plasma glucose distribution patterns. Diab. Care 17: 70-73.
    • (1994) Diab. Care , vol.17 , pp. 70-73
    • Omar, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 0027998605 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the white community of Durban
    • Seedat, Y.K. et al. 1994. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the white community of Durban. South Afr. Med. J. 84: 257-262.
    • (1994) South Afr. Med. J. , vol.84 , pp. 257-262
    • Seedat, Y.K.1
  • 13
    • 16844374389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and sex are strong determinants of diabetes in an urban Western society: implications for prevention
    • Jenum, A.K. et al. 2005. Ethnicity and sex are strong determinants of diabetes in an urban Western society: implications for prevention. Diabetologia 48: 435-439.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 435-439
    • Jenum, A.K.1
  • 14
    • 0343278981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing demography of diabetes mellitus in Singapore
    • Lee, W.R. 2000. The changing demography of diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 50 (Suppl 2): S35-S39.
    • (2000) Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Lee, W.R.1
  • 15
    • 41649087332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a selected urban south Indian population (CUPS-19)
    • Mohan, V. et al. 2008. Incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a selected urban south Indian population (CUPS-19). J. Assoc. Physicians India 56: 152-157.
    • (2008) J. Assoc. Physicians India , vol.56 , pp. 152-157
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 16
    • 33646042855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in incidence of diabetes in U.S. adults, 1997-2003
    • Geiss, L. et al. 2006. Changes in incidence of diabetes in U.S. adults, 1997-2003. Am. J. Prev. Med. 30: 371-377.
    • (2006) Am. J. Prev. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 371-377
    • Geiss, L.1
  • 17
    • 3042740809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based incidence rates and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in white individuals: the Bruneck study
    • Bonora, E. et al. 2004. Population-based incidence rates and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in white individuals: the Bruneck study. Diabetes 53: 1782-1789.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 1782-1789
    • Bonora, E.1
  • 18
    • 34548454422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based incidence of type 2 diabetes in northern Spain: the Asturias Study
    • Valdes, S. et al. 2007. Population-based incidence of type 2 diabetes in northern Spain: the Asturias Study. Diab. Care 30: 2258-2263.
    • (2007) Diab. Care , vol.30 , pp. 2258-2263
    • Valdes, S.1
  • 19
    • 33745851096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell failure
    • Kasuga, M. 2006. Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell failure. J. Clin. Invest. 116: 1756-1760.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.116 , pp. 1756-1760
    • Kasuga, M.1
  • 20
    • 0037283601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn, S.E. et al. 2003. The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 46: 3-19.
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 3-19
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 21
    • 0025854677 scopus 로고
    • A two-step model for development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Saad, M.F. et al. 1991. A two-step model for development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Am. J. Med. 90: 229-235.
    • (1991) Am. J. Med , vol.90 , pp. 229-235
    • Saad, M.F.1
  • 22
    • 33847636157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive loss of beta-cell function leads to worsening glucose tolerance in first degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Cnop, M. et al. 2007. Progressive loss of beta-cell function leads to worsening glucose tolerance in first degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Care 30: 677-682.
    • (2007) Diabet. Care , vol.30 , pp. 677-682
    • Cnop, M.1
  • 23
    • 64749109223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary defects in beta-cell function further exacerbated by worsening of insulin resistance mark the development of impaired glucose tolerance in obese adolescents
    • Cali, A.M. et al. 2009. Primary defects in beta-cell function further exacerbated by worsening of insulin resistance mark the development of impaired glucose tolerance in obese adolescents. Diabet. Care 32: 456-461.
    • (2009) Diabet. Care , vol.32 , pp. 456-461
    • Cali, A.M.1
  • 24
    • 0028240331 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for impaired pancreatic beta cell function in South African Indians with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Motala, A.A. et al. 1994. Evidence for impaired pancreatic beta cell function in South African Indians with impaired glucose tolerance. Diab. Med. 11: 437-444.
    • (1994) Diab. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 437-444
    • Motala, A.A.1
  • 25
    • 0034853485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 135: the importance of β-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn, S.E. 2001. Clinical review 135: the importance of β-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 86: 4047-4058.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.86 , pp. 4047-4058
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 26
    • 0030596338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston: non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus-A Genetically Programmed Failure of the Beta Cell to Compensate for Insulin Resistance
    • Polonsky, K. et al. 1996. Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston: non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus-A Genetically Programmed Failure of the Beta Cell to Compensate for Insulin Resistance. N. Engl. J. Med. 334: 777-783.
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.334 , pp. 777-783
    • Polonsky, K.1
  • 27
    • 0842268349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in premenopausal or early perimenopausal women without diabetes: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
    • Torrens, J.I. et al. 2004. Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in premenopausal or early perimenopausal women without diabetes: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Diab. Care 27: 354-361.
    • (2004) Diab. Care , vol.27 , pp. 354-361
    • Torrens, J.I.1
  • 28
    • 84855348576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity with fasting and 2-h plasma glucose in a large Chinese population
    • Bi, Y. et al. 2012. Association of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity with fasting and 2-h plasma glucose in a large Chinese population. Diab. Obesity Metabol. 14: 174-180.
    • (2012) Diab. Obesity Metabol. , vol.14 , pp. 174-180
    • Bi, Y.1
  • 29
    • 34247641272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell failure to the transition from normal to impaired glucose tolerance varies in different ethnic groups
    • Abdul-Ghani, M.A., et al. 2007. The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell failure to the transition from normal to impaired glucose tolerance varies in different ethnic groups. Diab. Met. Syn. Res. Rev. 1: 105-112.
    • (2007) Diab. Met. Syn. Res. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 105-112
    • Abdul-Ghani, M.A.1
  • 30
    • 0033867397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity differs among ethnic groups with a compensatory response in beta-cell function
    • Chiu, K.C. et al. 2000. Insulin sensitivity differs among ethnic groups with a compensatory response in beta-cell function. Diab. Care 23: 1353-1358.
    • (2000) Diab. Care , vol.23 , pp. 1353-1358
    • Chiu, K.C.1
  • 31
    • 0022626850 scopus 로고
    • Serum immunoreactive insulin responses to a glucose load in Asian Indian and European Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients and control subjects
    • Mohan, V. et al. 1986. Serum immunoreactive insulin responses to a glucose load in Asian Indian and European Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients and control subjects. Diabetologia 29: 235-237.
    • (1986) Diabetologia , vol.29 , pp. 235-237
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 32
    • 0023097588 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in patients of Asian Indian and European origin with non-insulin dependent diabetes
    • Sharp, P.S. et al. 1987. Insulin resistance in patients of Asian Indian and European origin with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Hormone Metabol. Res. 19: 84-85.
    • (1987) Hormone Metabol. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 84-85
    • Sharp, P.S.1
  • 33
    • 0035191137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and insulin resistance in healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians
    • Raji, A. et al. 2001. Body fat distribution and insulin resistance in healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 86: 5366-5371.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.86 , pp. 5366-5371
    • Raji, A.1
  • 34
    • 0032925461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition, visceral fat, leptin, and insulin resistance in Asian Indian men
    • Banerji, M.A. et al. 1999. Body composition, visceral fat, leptin, and insulin resistance in Asian Indian men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 84: 137-144.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.84 , pp. 137-144
    • Banerji, M.A.1
  • 35
    • 79651469241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of visceral and subcutaneous fat with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in Asian Indians (CURES-113)
    • Indulekha, K. et al. 2011. Association of visceral and subcutaneous fat with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in Asian Indians (CURES-113). Clin. Biochem. 44: 281-287.
    • (2011) Clin. Biochem. , vol.44 , pp. 281-287
    • Indulekha, K.1
  • 36
    • 77952369118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral & subcutaneous abdominal fat in relation to insulin resistance & metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic south Indians
    • Sandeep, S. et al. 2010. Visceral & subcutaneous abdominal fat in relation to insulin resistance & metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic south Indians. Indian J. Med. Res. 131: 629-635.
    • (2010) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.131 , pp. 629-635
    • Sandeep, S.1
  • 37
    • 84872836965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat distribution and insulin resistance in young adult nonobese Asian Indian women
    • Szuszkiewicz-Garcia, M. et al. 2012. Fat distribution and insulin resistance in young adult nonobese Asian Indian women. Metabol. Syndrome Related Disorders 10: 326-330.
    • (2012) Metabol. Syndrome Related Disorders , vol.10 , pp. 326-330
    • Szuszkiewicz-Garcia, M.1
  • 38
    • 33845315534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian-Indian men
    • Petersen, K.F et al. 2006. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian-Indian men. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 18273-18277.
    • (2006) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 18273-18277
    • Petersen, K.F.1
  • 39
    • 0026008824 scopus 로고
    • Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64
    • Hales, C.N. et al. 1991. Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. BMJ 303: 1019-1022.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 1019-1022
    • Hales, C.N.1
  • 40
    • 0001672747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for a major beta-cell dysfunction in young adults born with intra-uterine growth retardation
    • Jaquet, D. et al. 2000. No evidence for a major beta-cell dysfunction in young adults born with intra-uterine growth retardation. Pediatric Diab. 1: 181-185.
    • (2000) Pediatric Diab. , vol.1 , pp. 181-185
    • Jaquet, D.1
  • 41
    • 0033499584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: small at birth, big at 8 years, or both
    • Bavdekar, A. et al. 1999. Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: small at birth, big at 8 years, or both Diabetes 48: 2422-2429.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2422-2429
    • Bavdekar, A.1
  • 42
    • 78649323739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low birthweight and premature birth are both associated with type 2 diabetes in a random sample of middle-aged Danes
    • Pilgaard, K. et al. 2010. Low birthweight and premature birth are both associated with type 2 diabetes in a random sample of middle-aged Danes. Diabetologia 53: 2526-2530.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 2526-2530
    • Pilgaard, K.1
  • 43
    • 80053385333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study in individuals of South Asian ancestry identifies six new type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci
    • Kooner, J.S. et al. 2011. Genome-wide association study in individuals of South Asian ancestry identifies six new type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. Nature Genet. 43: 984-989.
    • (2011) Nature Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 984-989
    • Kooner, J.S.1
  • 44
    • 84655162045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies eight new loci for type 2 diabetes in east Asians
    • Cho, Y.S. et al. 2012. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies eight new loci for type 2 diabetes in east Asians. Nat. Genet. 44: 67-72.
    • (2012) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 67-72
    • Cho, Y.S.1
  • 45
    • 80052517091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of 13 genome-wide association (GWA)-validated risk variants for type 2 diabetes in Pakistani populations
    • Rees, S.D. et al. 2011. Replication of 13 genome-wide association (GWA)-validated risk variants for type 2 diabetes in Pakistani populations. Diabetologia 54: 1368-1374.
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , pp. 1368-1374
    • Rees, S.D.1
  • 46
    • 77955411524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of common variants of PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKN2A, IGF2BP2, and CDKAL1 on the risk of type 2 diabetes in 5,164 Indians
    • Chauhan, G. et al. 2010. Impact of common variants of PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKN2A, IGF2BP2, and CDKAL1 on the risk of type 2 diabetes in 5, 164 Indians. Diabetes 59: 2068-2074.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2068-2074
    • Chauhan, G.1
  • 47
    • 58149470594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTO gene variants are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asian Indians
    • Yajnik, C.S. et al. 2009. FTO gene variants are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asian Indians. Diabetologia 52: 247-252.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 247-252
    • Yajnik, C.S.1
  • 48
    • 47749128415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTO variants confer a significant risk
    • Sanghera, D.K. et al. 2008. Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTO variants confer a significant risk. BMC Med. Genet. 9: 59.
    • (2008) BMC Med. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 59
    • Sanghera, D.K.1
  • 49
    • 78650606532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variations in the FTO gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in south Indians (CURES-79)
    • Ramya, K. et al. 2011. Genetic variations in the FTO gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in south Indians (CURES-79). Diab. Technol. Therap. 13: 33-42.
    • (2011) Diab. Technol. Therap. , vol.13 , pp. 33-42
    • Ramya, K.1
  • 50
    • 34248594090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity
    • Frayling, T.M. et al. 2007. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science 316: 889-894.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 889-894
    • Frayling, T.M.1
  • 51
    • 80155195962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common variants of FTO and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Indians
    • Chauhan, G. et al. 2011. Common variants of FTO and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Indians. J. Hum. Genet. 56: 720-726.
    • (2011) J. Hum. Genet. , vol.56 , pp. 720-726
    • Chauhan, G.1
  • 52
    • 33745209898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin to glucose intolerance and fat topography in South-Asians
    • Wasim, H. et al. 2006. Relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin to glucose intolerance and fat topography in South-Asians. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 5: 10.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc. Diabetol. , vol.5 , pp. 10
    • Wasim, H.1
  • 53
    • 24644464176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-co-activator-1 (PGC-1) gene polymorphisms and their relationship to Type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. (CURES-14)
    • Vimaleswaran, K.S. et al. 2005. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-co-activator-1 (PGC-1) gene polymorphisms and their relationship to Type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. (CURES-14). Diab. Med. 22: 1516-1521.
    • (2005) Diab. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1516-1521
    • Vimaleswaran, K.S.1
  • 54
    • 0041668137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts
    • Qiao, Q. et al. 2003. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts. Diab. Care 26: 1770-1780.
    • (2003) Diab. Care , vol.26 , pp. 1770-1780
    • Qiao, Q.1
  • 55
    • 17944380810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey
    • Ramachandran, A. et al. 2001. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia 44: 1094-1101.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Ramachandran, A.1
  • 56
    • 84875653531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Data & Trends. Available at, Accessed on June 1, 2012.
    • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Data & Trends. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence_national.htm. Accessed on June 1, 2012.
  • 57
    • 80053516550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deriving ethnic-specific BMI cutoff points for assessing diabetes risk
    • Chiu, M. et al. 2011. Deriving ethnic-specific BMI cutoff points for assessing diabetes risk. Diab. Care 34: 1741-1748.
    • (2011) Diab. Care , vol.34 , pp. 1741-1748
    • Chiu, M.1
  • 58
    • 34249278810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario
    • Mohan, V. et al. 2007. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J. Med. Res. 125: 217-230.
    • (2007) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.125 , pp. 217-230
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 59
    • 0033306076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between generalized and upper body obesity to insulin resistance in Asian Indian men
    • Chandalia, M. et al. 1999. Relationship between generalized and upper body obesity to insulin resistance in Asian Indian men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 84: 2329-2335.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.84 , pp. 2329-2335
    • Chandalia, M.1
  • 60
    • 70149091011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size, body composition and fat distribution: comparative analysis of European, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian Indian adults
    • Rush, E.C. et al. 2009. Body size, body composition and fat distribution: comparative analysis of European, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian Indian adults. Br. J. Nutr. 102: 632-641.
    • (2009) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.102 , pp. 632-641
    • Rush, E.C.1
  • 61
    • 35148881136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and gender differences in body fat in British school children as measured by DXA
    • Shaw, N.J. et al. 2007. Ethnic and gender differences in body fat in British school children as measured by DXA. Arch. Dis. Child 92: 872-875.
    • (2007) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.92 , pp. 872-875
    • Shaw, N.J.1
  • 62
    • 21244475118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Truncal adiposity is present at birth and in early childhood in South Indian children
    • Krishnaveni, G.V. et al. 2005. Truncal adiposity is present at birth and in early childhood in South Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 42: 527-538.
    • (2005) Indian Pediatr. , vol.42 , pp. 527-538
    • Krishnaveni, G.V.1
  • 63
    • 0037327541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal anthropometry: the thin-fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
    • Yajnik, C.S. et al. 2003. Neonatal anthropometry: the thin-fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord. 27: 173-180.
    • (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord. , vol.27 , pp. 173-180
    • Yajnik, C.S.1
  • 64
    • 66149131064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology
    • Chan, J. et al. 2009. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology. JAMA 301: 2129-2140.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 2129-2140
    • Chan, J.1
  • 65
    • 77955588191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and child survival in India
    • Ramachandran, P. 2010. Nutrition and child survival in India. Indian. J. Pediatr. 77: 301-305.
    • (2010) Indian. J. Pediatr. , vol.77 , pp. 301-305
    • Ramachandran, P.1
  • 66
    • 14044277455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice
    • Ramakrishnan, U. 2004. Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79: 17-21.
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.79 , pp. 17-21
    • Ramakrishnan, U.1
  • 67
    • 24044480349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood in the New Delhi birth cohort
    • Sachdev, H.S. et al. 2005. Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood in the New Delhi birth cohort. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 456-466.
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.82 , pp. 456-466
    • Sachdev, H.S.1
  • 68
    • 10744228850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood
    • Bhargava, S.K. et al. 2004. Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood. New England J. Med. 350: 865-875.
    • (2004) New England J. Med. , vol.350 , pp. 865-875
    • Bhargava, S.K.1
  • 69
    • 6444235407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term metabolic consequences of being born small for gestational age
    • Levy-Marchal, C. & D. Jaquet. 2004. Long-term metabolic consequences of being born small for gestational age. Pediatric Diab. 5: 147-153.
    • (2004) Pediatric Diab. , vol.5 , pp. 147-153
    • Levy-Marchal, C.1    Jaquet, D.2
  • 70
    • 84865523039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newborn size and body composition as predictors of insulin resistance and diabetes in the parents: Parthenon Birth Cohort Study, Mysore, India
    • Veena, S.R. et al. 2012. Newborn size and body composition as predictors of insulin resistance and diabetes in the parents: Parthenon Birth Cohort Study, Mysore, India. Diab. Care 35: 1884-1890.
    • (2012) Diab. Care , vol.35 , pp. 1884-1890
    • Veena, S.R.1
  • 71
    • 0037253073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review
    • Maritim, A.C. et al. 2003. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 17: 24-38.
    • (2003) J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 24-38
    • Maritim, A.C.1
  • 72
    • 0037219409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction
    • Evans, J.L. et al. 2003. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction Diabetes 52: 1-8.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1-8
    • Evans, J.L.1
  • 73
    • 34948902196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham Heart Study
    • Pou, K.M. et al. 2007. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 116: 1234-1241.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1234-1241
    • Pou, K.M.1
  • 74
    • 79651469241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of visceral and subcutaneous fat with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in Asian Indians (CURES-113)
    • Indulekha, K. et al. 2011. Association of visceral and subcutaneous fat with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in Asian Indians (CURES-113). Clin. Biochem. 44: 281-287.
    • (2011) Clin. Biochem. , vol.44 , pp. 281-287
    • Indulekha, K.1
  • 75
    • 21744455555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of C-reactive protein with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-6)
    • Mohan, V. et al. 2005. Association of C-reactive protein with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-6). Diab. Med. 22: 863-870.
    • (2005) Diab. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 863-870
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 76
    • 0035908632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Pradhan, A.D. et al. 2001. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 286: 327-334.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 327-334
    • Pradhan, A.D.1
  • 77
    • 2942685611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue metabolites and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Asian Indian men
    • Abate, N. et al. 2004. Adipose tissue metabolites and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Asian Indian men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 89: 2750-2755.
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.89 , pp. 2750-2755
    • Abate, N.1
  • 78
    • 0034840453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of C-reactive protein to body fat distribution and features of the metabolic syndrome in Europeans and South Asians
    • Forouhi, N.G. et al. 2001. Relation of C-reactive protein to body fat distribution and features of the metabolic syndrome in Europeans and South Asians. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord. 25: 1327-1331.
    • (2001) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord. , vol.25 , pp. 1327-1331
    • Forouhi, N.G.1
  • 79
    • 0035838343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, central obesity, and coronary heart disease risk in Indian Asians from the United Kingdom compared with European whites
    • Chambers, J.C. et al. 2001. C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, central obesity, and coronary heart disease risk in Indian Asians from the United Kingdom compared with European whites. Circulation 104: 145-150.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 145-150
    • Chambers, J.C.1
  • 80
    • 0042384395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in Asian Indians living in the United States
    • Chandalia, M. et al. 2003. Elevated plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in Asian Indians living in the United States. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 88: 3773-3776.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , vol.88 , pp. 3773-3776
    • Chandalia, M.1
  • 81
    • 0036463848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition transition in India
    • Shetty, P.S. 2002. Nutrition transition in India. Public Health Nutr. 5: 175-182.
    • (2002) Public Health Nutr. , vol.5 , pp. 175-182
    • Shetty, P.S.1
  • 82
    • 0025820742 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Helmrich, S.P. et al. 1991. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England J. Med. 325: 147-152.
    • (1991) New England J. Med. , vol.325 , pp. 147-152
    • Helmrich, S.P.1
  • 83
    • 19944429248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the Finnish diabetes prevention study
    • Laaksonen, D.E. et al. 2005. Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the Finnish diabetes prevention study. Diabetes 54: 158-165.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 158-165
    • Laaksonen, D.E.1
  • 84
    • 24044545864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of physical inactivity with components of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease-the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS no. 15)
    • Mohan, V. et al. 2005. Association of physical inactivity with components of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease-the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS no. 15). Diabet. Med. 22: 1206-1211.
    • (2005) Diabet. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 85
    • 79956223943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of physical activity levels in South Asians in the UK: findings from the Health Survey for England
    • Williams, E.D. et al. 2011. Assessment of physical activity levels in South Asians in the UK: findings from the Health Survey for England. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 65: 517-521.
    • (2011) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health , vol.65 , pp. 517-521
    • Williams, E.D.1
  • 86
    • 0030089930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in public health awareness, health perceptions and physical exercise: implications for heart disease prevention
    • Lip, G.Y. et al. 1996. Ethnic differences in public health awareness, health perceptions and physical exercise: implications for heart disease prevention. Ethn. Health 1: 47-53.
    • (1996) Ethn. Health , vol.1 , pp. 47-53
    • Lip, G.Y.1
  • 87
    • 4744354021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review
    • Fischbacher, C.M. et al. 2004. How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review. J. Public Health (Oxf.) 26: 250-258.
    • (2004) J. Public Health (Oxf.) , vol.26 , pp. 250-258
    • Fischbacher, C.M.1
  • 88
    • 0036740569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of physical activity and relationship with risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and European adults in a UK population
    • Hayes, L. et al. 2002. Patterns of physical activity and relationship with risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and European adults in a UK population. J. Public Health Med. 24: 170-178.
    • (2002) J. Public Health Med. , vol.24 , pp. 170-178
    • Hayes, L.1
  • 89
    • 0034945695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate
    • Hu, F.B. et al. 2001. Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetologia 44: 805-817.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 805-817
    • Hu, F.B.1
  • 90
    • 73749083066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59)
    • Mohan, V. et al. 2009. Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59). Br. J. Nutr. 102: 1498-1506.
    • (2009) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.102 , pp. 1498-1506
    • Mohan, V.1
  • 91
    • 65349146984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Asian diets and insulin resistance
    • Misra, A. et al. 2009. South Asian diets and insulin resistance. Br. J. Nutr. 101: 465-473.
    • (2009) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.101 , pp. 465-473
    • Misra, A.1
  • 92
    • 0027971456 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the glycemic and insulinaemic effects of an Asian and a European meal
    • Burden, M.L. et al. 1994. A comparison of the glycemic and insulinaemic effects of an Asian and a European meal. Pract. Diab. Int. 11: 208-211.
    • (1994) Pract. Diab. Int. , vol.11 , pp. 208-211
    • Burden, M.L.1
  • 93
    • 0032877970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary habits of Asian Indians in relation to length of residence in the United States
    • Raj, S. et al. 1999. Dietary habits of Asian Indians in relation to length of residence in the United States. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 99: 1106-1108.
    • (1999) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.99 , pp. 1106-1108
    • Raj, S.1
  • 94
    • 27944502435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food, culture, and diabetes in the United States
    • Kulkarni, K. 2004. Food, culture, and diabetes in the United States. Clin. Diab. 22: 190-192.
    • (2004) Clin. Diab. , vol.22 , pp. 190-192
    • Kulkarni, K.1
  • 95
    • 39749115194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in food habits after migration among South Asians settled in Oslo: the effect of demographic, socio-economic and integration factors
    • Wandel, M. et al. 2008. Changes in food habits after migration among South Asians settled in Oslo: the effect of demographic, socio-economic and integration factors. Appetite 50: 376-385.
    • (2008) Appetite , vol.50 , pp. 376-385
    • Wandel, M.1
  • 96
    • 84855379235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, risk factors and complications associated with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians
    • Garduno-Diaz, S.D. & S. Khokhar. 2012. Prevalence, risk factors and complications associated with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians. Diab. Metabol. Res. Rev. 28: 6-24.
    • (2012) Diab. Metabol. Res. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 6-24
    • Garduno-Diaz, S.D.1    Khokhar, S.2
  • 97
    • 70349095603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet & insulin resistance: a review & Asian Indian perspective
    • Isharwal, S. et al. 2009. Diet & insulin resistance: a review & Asian Indian perspective. Indian J. Med. Res. 129: 485-499.
    • (2009) Indian J. Med. Res , vol.129 , pp. 485-499
    • Isharwal, S.1
  • 98
    • 77955296250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional composition of the diets of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European children in the United Kingdom: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)
    • Donin, A.S. et al. 2010. Nutritional composition of the diets of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European children in the United Kingdom: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). Br. J. Nutr. 104: 276-285.
    • (2010) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.104 , pp. 276-285
    • Donin, A.S.1
  • 99
    • 16344366774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors among young adult Asian Indians
    • Shah, T. et al. 2005. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors among young adult Asian Indians. Jimmigr. Health 7: 117-126.
    • (2005) Jimmigr. Health , vol.7 , pp. 117-126
    • Shah, T.1
  • 100
    • 0028985319 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and the risk of diabetes in men
    • Rimm, E.B. et al. 1995. Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and the risk of diabetes in men. BMJ 310: 555-559.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 555-559
    • Rimm, E.B.1
  • 101
    • 0027400959 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in women
    • Rimm, E.B. et al. 1993. Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in women. Am. J. Public Health 83: 211-214.
    • (1993) Am. J. Public Health , vol.83 , pp. 211-214
    • Rimm, E.B.1
  • 102
    • 0030030970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of cigarette smoking on glucose tolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors
    • Frati, A.C. et al. 1996. Acute effect of cigarette smoking on glucose tolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors. Diab. Care 19: 112-118.
    • (1996) Diab. Care , vol.19 , pp. 112-118
    • Frati, A.C.1
  • 103
    • 0033865506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, oral moist snuff use and glucose intolerance
    • Persson, P.G. et al. 2000. Cigarette smoking, oral moist snuff use and glucose intolerance. J. Intern. Med. 248: 103-110.
    • (2000) J. Intern. Med. , vol.248 , pp. 103-110
    • Persson, P.G.1
  • 104
    • 0034201973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research priorities for tobacco control in developing countries: a regional approach to a global consultative process
    • Baris, E. et al. 2000. Research priorities for tobacco control in developing countries: a regional approach to a global consultative process. Tob. Control. 9: 217-223.
    • (2000) Tob. Control. , vol.9 , pp. 217-223
    • Baris, E.1
  • 105
    • 4143066421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey
    • Rani, M. et al. 2003. Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tob. Control. 12: e4.
    • (2003) Tob. Control , vol.12
    • Rani, M.1
  • 106
    • 0347518974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokeless tobacco and health in India and South Asia
    • Gupta, P.C. & C.S. Ray. 2003. Smokeless tobacco and health in India and South Asia. Respirology 8: 419-431.
    • (2003) Respirology , vol.8 , pp. 419-431
    • Gupta, P.C.1    Ray, C.S.2
  • 107
    • 0037152689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of tobacco use in the United States
    • Govino, G. 2002. Epidemiology of tobacco use in the United States. Oncogene 21: 7326-7340.
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 7326-7340
    • Govino, G.1
  • 108
    • 10044287245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite
    • Spiegel, K. et al. 2004. Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann. Int. Med. 141: 846-850.
    • (2004) Ann. Int. Med. , vol.141 , pp. 846-850
    • Spiegel, K.1
  • 109
    • 63749095422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep duration as a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic cohort
    • Beihl, D.A. et al. 2009. Sleep duration as a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic cohort. Ann. Epidemiol. 19: 351-357.
    • (2009) Ann. Epidemiol. , vol.19 , pp. 351-357
    • Beihl, D.A.1
  • 110
    • 4644371124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of diabetes in middle-aged men is related to sleep disturbances
    • Nilsson, P.M. et al. 2004. Incidence of diabetes in middle-aged men is related to sleep disturbances. Diab. Care 27: 2464-2469.
    • (2004) Diab. Care , vol.27 , pp. 2464-2469
    • Nilsson, P.M.1
  • 111
    • 79953004268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-67)
    • Roopa, M. et al. 2010. Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-67). J. Diab. Sci. Technol. 4: 1524-1531.
    • (2010) J. Diab. Sci. Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 1524-1531
    • Roopa, M.1
  • 112
    • 77958145300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians in northern India
    • Bhushan, B. et al. 2010. Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians in northern India. Metabol. Syndrome Related Disord. 8: 431-435.
    • (2010) Metabol. Syndrome Related Disord. , vol.8 , pp. 431-435
    • Bhushan, B.1
  • 113
    • 79952037694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and sleep: a complex cause-and-effect relationship
    • Barone, M.T. & L. Menna-Barreto. 2011. Diabetes and sleep: a complex cause-and-effect relationship. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 91: 129-137.
    • (2011) Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.91 , pp. 129-137
    • Barone, M.T.1    Menna-Barreto, L.2
  • 114
    • 43149126341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contaminants as risk factors for developing diabetes
    • Carpenter, D.O. 2008. Environmental contaminants as risk factors for developing diabetes. Rev. Environ. Health 23: 59-74.
    • (2008) Rev. Environ. Health , vol.23 , pp. 59-74
    • Carpenter, D.O.1
  • 115
    • 33746422641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: results from the National Health and Examination Survey 1999-2002
    • Lee, D.H. et al. 2006. A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: results from the National Health and Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diab. Care 29: 1638-1644.
    • (2006) Diab. Care , vol.29 , pp. 1638-1644
    • Lee, D.H.1
  • 116
    • 0037368851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries
    • Monirith, I. et al. 2003. Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: 281-300.
    • (2003) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.46 , pp. 281-300
    • Monirith, I.1
  • 117
    • 33645559296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination by persistent organic pollutants in dumping sites of Asian developing countries: implication of emerging pollution sources
    • Minh, N.H. et al. 2006. Contamination by persistent organic pollutants in dumping sites of Asian developing countries: implication of emerging pollution sources. Arch. Environ. Contaminat. Toxicol. 50: 474-481.
    • (2006) Arch. Environ. Contaminat. Toxicol. , vol.50 , pp. 474-481
    • Minh, N.H.1
  • 118
    • 84990386604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle interventions and the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes
    • Weber, M.B. et al. 2010. Lifestyle interventions and the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Lifestyle Med. 4: 468-480.
    • (2010) Am. J. Lifestyle Med. , vol.4 , pp. 468-480
    • Weber, M.B.1
  • 119
    • 77951125995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of type 2 diabetes: risk status, clinic, and community
    • Narayan, K.M. & D.F. Williamson. 2010. Prevention of type 2 diabetes: risk status, clinic, and community. J. Gen. Internal Med. 25: 154-157.
    • (2010) J. Gen. Internal Med. , vol.25 , pp. 154-157
    • Narayan, K.M.1    Williamson, D.F.2
  • 120
    • 0035946668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of impaired fasting and postload glucose with incident type 2diabetes in a Dutch population: the Hoorn study
    • deVegt, F. et al. 2001. Relation of impaired fasting and postload glucose with incident type 2diabetes in a Dutch population: the Hoorn study. JAMA 285: 2109-2113.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2109-2113
    • deVegt, F.1
  • 121
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Knowler, W.C. et al. 2002. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N. Engl. J. Med. 346: 393-403.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
    • Knowler, W.C.1
  • 122
    • 84887262721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity
    • Lindstrom, J. et al. 2003. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity. Diab. Care 20: 537-544.
    • (2003) Diab. Care , vol.20 , pp. 537-544
    • Lindstrom, J.1
  • 123
    • 84858081537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of translational research for diabetes prevention in low and middle-income countries: The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP) trial
    • Weber, M.B. et al. 2012. A model of translational research for diabetes prevention in low and middle-income countries: The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP) trial. Primary Care Diab. 6: 3-9.
    • (2012) Primary Care Diab. , vol.6 , pp. 3-9
    • Weber, M.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.