Endothelial fatty acid transport: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor B

Physiology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 125-134

  Hagberg, Carolina ^a   Mehlem, Annika ^a   Falkevall, Annelie ^a   Muhl, Lars ^a   Eriksson, Ulf ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID TRANSPORTER; VASCULOTROPIN B;

ANIMAL; FOOD; HUMAN; METABOLISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; FATTY ACID TRANSPORT PROTEINS; FATTY ACIDS; FOOD; HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR B;

EID: 84874641178     PISSN: 15489213     EISSN: 15489221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00042.2012     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Aase K, Lymboussaki A, Kaipainen A, Olofsson B, Alitalo K, Eriksson U. Localization of VEGF-B in the mouse embryo suggests a paracrine role of the growth factor in the developing vasculature. Dev Dyn 215: 12-25, 1999.
2. Aase K, von Euler G, Li X, Ponten A, Thoren P, Cao R, Cao Y, Olofsson B, Gebre-Medhin S, Pekny M, Alitalo K, Betsholtz C, Eriksson U. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice display an atrial conduction defect. Circulation 104: 358-364, 2001.
3. Acevedo LM, Barillas S, Weis SM, Gothert JR, Cheresh DA. Semaphorin 3A suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis yet acts as a vascular permeability factor. Blood 111: 2674-2680, 2008.
4. Antohe F, Popov D, Radulescu L, Simionescu N, Borchers T, Spener F, Simionescu M. Heart microvessels and aortic endothelial cells express the 15 kDa heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins. Eur J Cell Biol 76: 102-109, 1998.
5. Arany Z, Foo SY, Ma Y, Ruas JL, Bommi-Reddy A, Girnun G, Cooper M, Laznik D, Chinsomboon J, Rangwala SM, Baek KH, Rosenzweig A, Spiegelman BM. HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha. Nature 451: 1008-1012, 2008.
6. Asch AS, Barnwell J, Silverstein RL, Nachman RL. Isolation of the thrombospondin membrane receptor. J Clin Invest 79: 1054-1061, 1987.
7. Bartelt A, Bruns OT, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Ittrich H, Peldschus K, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf UI, Weller H, Waurisch C, Eychmuller A, Gordts PL, Rinninger F, Bruegelmann K, Freund B, Nielsen P, Merkel M, Heeren J. Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nat Med 17: 200-205, 2011.
8. Bastie CC, Hajri T, Drover VA, Grimaldi PA, Abumrad NA. CD36 in myocytes channels fatty acids to a lipase-accessible triglyceride pool that is related to cell lipid and insulin responsiveness. Diabetes 53: 2209-2216, 2004.
9. Bellomo D, Headrick JP, Silins GU, Paterson CA, Thomas PS, Gartside M, Mould A, Cahill MM, Tonks ID, Grimmond SM, Townson S, Wells C, Little M, Cummings MC, Hayward NK, Kay GF. Mice lacking the vascular endothelial growth factor-B gene (Vegfb) have smaller hearts, dysfunctional coronary vasculature, and impaired recovery from cardiac ischemia. Circ Res 86: 29-35, 2000.
10. Binas B, Danneberg H, McWhir J, Mullins L, Clark AJ. Requirement for the heart-type fatty acid binding protein in cardiac fatty acid utilization. FASEB J 13: 805-812, 1999.
11. Bostrom P, Andersson L, Rutberg M, Perman J, Lidberg U, Johansson BR, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Ericson J, Nilsson T, Boren J, Olofsson SO. SNARE proteins mediate fusion between cytosolic lipid droplets and are implicated in insulin sensitivity. Nat Cell Biol 9: 1286-1293, 2007.
12. Bostrom P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, Rasbach KA, Bostrom EA, Choi JH, Long JZ, Kajimura S, Zingaretti MC, Vind BF, Tu H, Cinti S, Hojlund K, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. A PGC1-alpha-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481: 463-468, 2012.
13. Breier G, Clauss M, Risau W. Coordinate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (flt-1) and its ligand suggests a paracrine regulation of murine vascular development. Dev Dyn 204: 228-239, 1995.
14. Bry M, Kivela R, Holopainen T, Anisimov A, Tammela T, Soronen J, Silvola J, Saraste A, Jeltsch M, Korpisalo P, Carmeliet P, Lemstrom KB, Shibuya M, Yla-Herttuala S, Alhonen L, Mervaala E, Andersson LC, Knuuti J, Alitalo K. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B acts as a coronary growth factor in transgenic rats without inducing angiogenesis, vascular leak, or inflammation. Circulation 122: 1725-1733, 2010.
15. Calvo D, Gomez-Coronado D, Suarez Y, Lasuncion MA, Vega MA. Human CD36 is a high affinity receptor for the native lipoproteins HDL, LDL, and VLDL. J Lipid Res 39: 777-788, 1998.
16. Carley AN, Kleinfeld AM. Fatty acid (FFA) transport in cardiomyocytes revealed by imaging unbound FFA is mediated by an FFA pump modulated by the CD36 protein. J Biol Chem 286: 4589-4597, 2011.
17. Cechetto JD, Sadacharan SK, Berk PD, Gupta RS. Immunogold localization of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in mitochondria and on the cell surface in normal rat tissues. Histol Histopathol 17: 353-364, 2002.
18. Centre WM. World Health Organization diabetes fact sheet no. 312 [Online]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/.
19. Chiu HC, Kovacs A, Ford DA, Hsu FF, Garcia R, Herrero P, Saffitz JE, Schaffer JE. A novel mouse model of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 107: 813-822, 2001.
20. Choi CS, Befroy DE, Codella R, Kim S, Reznick RM, Hwang YJ, Liu ZX, Lee HY, Distefano A, Samuel VT, Zhang D, Cline GW, Handschin C, Lin J, Petersen KF, Spiegelman BM, Shulman GI. Paradoxical effects of increased expression of PGC1alpha on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 19926-19931, 2008.
21. Clauss M, Weich H, Breier G, Knies U, Rockl W, Waltenberger J, Risau W. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt-1 mediates biological activities. Implications for a functional role of placenta growth factor in monocyte activation and chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 271: 17629-17634, 1996.
22. Coburn CT, Knapp FF Jr, Febbraio M, Beets AL, Silverstein RL, Abumrad NA. Defective uptake and utilization of long chain fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues of CD36 knockout mice. J Biol Chem 275: 32523-32529, 2000.
23. Dallinga-Thie GM, Franssen R, Mooij HL, Visser ME, Hassing HC, Peelman F, Kastelein JJ, Peterfy M, Nieuwdorp M. The metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins revisited: new players, new insight. Atherosclerosis 211: 1-8, 2010.
24. Davies BS, Beigneux AP, Barnes RH, 2nd Tu Y, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Nobumori C, Nyren R, Goldberg I, Olivecrona G, Bensadoun A, Young SG, Fong LG. GPIHBP1 is responsible for the entry of lipoprotein lipase into capillaries. Cell Metab 12: 42-52, 2010.
25. Digel M, Staffer S, Ehehalt F, Stremmel W, Ehehalt R, Fullekrug J. FATP4 contributes as an enzyme to the basal and insulin-mediated fatty acid uptake of C(2)C(1)(2) muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301: E785-E796, 2011.
26. DiRusso CC, Li H, Darwis D, Watkins PA, Berger J, Black PN. Comparative biochemical studies of the murine fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) expressed in yeast. J Biol Chem 280: 16829-16837, 2005.
27. Doege H, Baillie RA, Ortegon AM, Tsang B, Wu Q, Punreddy S, Hirsch D, Watson N, Gimeno RE, Stahl A. Targeted deletion of FATP5 reveals multiple functions in liver metabolism: alterations in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Gastroenterology 130: 1245-1258, 2006.
28. Doege H, Stahl A. Protein-mediated fatty acid uptake: novel insights from in vivo models. Physiology 21: 259-268, 2006.
29. Drover VA, Ajmal M, Nassir F, Davidson NO, Nauli AM, Sahoo D, Tso P, Abumrad NA. CD36 deficiency impairs intestinal lipid secretion and clearance of chylomicrons from the blood. J Clin Invest 115: 1290-1297, 2005.
30. Elmasri H, Karaaslan C, Teper Y, Ghelfi E, Weng M, Ince TA, Kozakewich H, Bischoff J, Cataltepe S. Fatty acid binding protein 4 is a target of VEGF and a regulator of cell proliferation in endothelial cells. FASEB J 23: 3865-3873, 2009.
31. Enholm B, Paavonen K, Ristimaki A, Kumar V, Gunji Y, Klefstrom J, Kivinen L, Laiho M, Olofsson B, Joukov V, Eriksson U, Alitalo K. Comparison of VEGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and Ang-1 mRNA regulation by serum, growth factors, oncoproteins and hypoxia. Oncogene 14: 2475-2483, 1997.
32. Falcon A, Doege H, Fluitt A, Tsang B, Watson N, Kay MA, Stahl A. FATP2 is a hepatic fatty acid transporter and peroxisomal very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299: E384-E393, 2010.
33. Febbraio M, Abumrad NA, Hajjar DP, Sharma K, Cheng W, Pearce SF, Silverstein RL. A null mutation in murine CD36 reveals an important role in fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism. J Biol Chem 274: 19055-19062, 1999.
34. Fischer C, Mazzone M, Jonckx B, Carmeliet P. FLT1 and its ligands VEGFB and PlGF: drug targets for anti-angiogenic therapy? Nat Rev Cancer 8: 942-956, 2008.
35. Fong GH, Klingensmith J, Wood CR, Rossant J, Breitman ML. Regulation of flt-1 expression during mouse embryogenesis suggests a role in the establishment of vascular endothelium. Dev Dyn 207: 1-10, 1996.
36. Fong GH, Rossant J, Gertsenstein M, Breitman ML. Role of the Flt-1 receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating the assembly of vascular endothelium. Nature 376: 66-70, 1995.
37. Garcia-Martinez C, Marotta M, Moore-Carrasco R, Guitart M, Camps M, Busquets S, Montell E, Gomez-Foix AM. Impact on fatty acid metabolism and differential localization of FATP1 and FAT/CD36 proteins delivered in cultured human muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288: C1264-C1272, 2005.
38. Gimeno RE. Fatty acid transport proteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 18: 271-276, 2007.
39. Gimeno RE, Hirsch DJ, Punreddy S, Sun Y, Ortegon AM, Wu H, Daniels T, Stricker-Krongrad A, Lodish HF, Stahl A. Targeted deletion of fatty acid transport protein-4 results in early embryonic lethality. J Biol Chem 278: 49512-49516, 2003.
40. Gimeno RE, Ortegon AM, Patel S, Punreddy S, Ge P, Sun Y, Lodish HF, Stahl A. Characterization of a heart-specific fatty acid transport protein. J Biol Chem 278: 16039-16044, 2003.
41. Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Bonen A. Membrane fatty acid transporters as regulators of lipid metabolism: implications for metabolic disease. Physiol Rev 90: 367-417, 2010.
42. Goudriaan JR, Dahlmans VE, Teusink B, Ouwens DM, Febbraio M, Maassen JA, Romijn JA, Havekes LM, Voshol PJ. CD36 deficiency increases insulin sensitivity in muscle, but induces insulin resistance in the liver in mice. J Lipid Res 44: 2270-2277, 2003.
43. Greenwalt DE, Watt KW, Hasler T, Howard RJ, Patel S. Structural, functional, and antigenic differences between bovine heart endothelial CD36 and human platelet CD36. J Biol Chem 265: 16296-16299, 1990.
44. Hagberg CE, Falkevall A, Wang X, Larsson E, Huusko J, Nilsson I, van Meeteren LA, Samen E, Lu L, Vanwildemeersch M, Klar J, Genove G, Pietras K, Stone-Elander S, Claesson-Welsh L, Yla-Herttuala S, Lindahl P, Eriksson U. Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty acid uptake. Nature 464: 917-921, 2010.
45. Hagberg CE, Mehlem A, Falkevall A, Muhl L, Fam BC, Ortsater H, Scotney P, Nyqvist D, Samen E, Lu L, Stone-Elander S, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S, Sjoholm A, Nash A, Eriksson U. Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Nature 490: 426-430, 2012.
46. Hajri T, Han XX, Bonen A, Abumrad NA. Defective fatty acid uptake modulates insulin responsiveness and metabolic responses to diet in CD36-null mice. J Clin Invest 109: 1381-1389, 2002.
47. Hamilton JA, Guo W, Kamp F. Mechanism of cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids: Do we need cellular proteins? Mol Cell Biochem 239: 17-23, 2002.
48. Herrmann T, Grone HJ, Langbein L, Kaiser I, Gosch I, Bennemann U, Metzger D, Chambon P, Stewart AF, Stremmel W. Disturbed epidermal structure in mice with temporally controlled fatp4 deficiency. J Invest Dermatol 125: 1228-1235, 2005.
49. Herrmann T, van der Hoeven F, Grone HJ, Stewart AF, Langbein L, Kaiser I, Liebisch G, Gosch I, Buchkremer F, Drobnik W, Schmitz G, Stremmel W. Mice with targeted disruption of the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp 4, Slc27a4) gene show features of lethal restrictive dermopathy. J Cell Biol 161: 1105-1115, 2003.
50. Hirano K, Kuwasako T, Nakagawa-Toyama Y, Janabi M, Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y. Pathophysiology of human genetic CD36 deficiency. Trends Cardiovasc Med 13: 136-141, 2003.
51. Hiratsuka S, Minowa O, Kuno J, Noda T, Shibuya M. Flt-1 lacking the tyrosine kinase domain is sufficient for normal development and angiogenesis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 9349-9354, 1998.
52. Hirsch D, Stahl A, Lodish HF. A family of fatty acid transporters conserved from mycobacterium to man. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 8625-8629, 1998.
53. Hoebe K, Georgel P, Rutschmann S, Du X, MuddS, Crozat K, Sovath S, Shamel L, Hartung T, Zahringer U, Beutler B. CD36 is a sensor of diacylglycerides. Nature 433: 523-527, 2005.
54. Hotamisligil GS, Johnson RS, Distel RJ, Ellis R, Papaioannou VE, Spiegelman BM. Uncoupling of obesity from insulin resistance through a targeted mutation in aP2, the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein. Science 274: 1377-1379, 1996.
55. Hubbard B, Doege H, Punreddy S, Wu H, Huang X, Kaushik VK, Mozell RL, Byrnes JJ, Stricker-Krongrad A, Chou CJ, Tartaglia LA, Lodish HF, Stahl A, Gimeno RE. Mice deleted for fatty acid transport protein 5 have defective bile acid conjugation and are protected from obesity. Gastroenterology 130: 1259-1269, 2006.
56. Huusko J, Merentie M, Dijkstra MH, Ryhanen MM, Karvinen H, Rissanen TT, Vanwildemeersch M, Hedman M, Lipponen J, Heinonen SE, Eriksson U, Shibuya M, Yla-Herttuala S. The effects of VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 ligands on angiogenic responses and left ventricular function in mice. Cardiovasc Res 86: 122-130, 2010.
57. Jain SS, Chabowski A, Snook LA, Schwenk RW, Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Bonen A. Additive effects of insulin and muscle contraction on fatty acid transport and fatty acid transporters, FAT/CD36, FABPpm, FATP1, 4 and 6. FEBS Lett 583: 2294-2300, 2009.
58. Jia Z, Pei Z, Maiguel D, Toomer CJ, Watkins PA. The fatty acid transport protein (FATP) family: very long chain acyl-CoA synthetases or solute carriers? J Mol Neurosci 33: 25-31, 2007.
59. Johnson AC, Stahl A, Zager RA. Triglyceride accumulation in injured renal tubular cells: alterations in both synthetic and catabolic pathways. Kidney Int 67: 2196-2209, 2005.
60. Kajimura S, Seale P, Spiegelman BM. Transcriptional control of brown fat development. Cell Metab 11: 257-262, 2010.
61. Kanda T, Brown JD, Orasanu G, Vogel S, Gonzalez FJ, Sartoretto J, Michel T, Plutzky J. PPAR- gamma in the endothelium regulates metabolic responses to high-fat diet in mice. J Clin Invest 119: 110-124, 2009.
62. Karpanen T, Bry M, Ollila HM, Seppanen-Laakso T, Liimatta E, Leskinen H, Kivela R, Helkamaa T, Merentie M, Jeltsch M, Paavonen K, Andersson LC, Mervaala E, Hassinen IE, Yla-Herttuala S, Oresic M, Alitalo K. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-B in mouse heart alters cardiac lipid metabolism and induces myocardial hypertrophy. Circ Res 103: 1018-1026, 2008.
63. Kawasaki T, Kitsukawa T, Bekku Y, Matsuda Y, Sanbo M, Yagi T, Fujisawa H. A requirement for neuropilin-1 in embryonic vessel formation. Development 126: 4895-4902, 1999.
64. Kim F, Pham M, Maloney E, Rizzo NO, Morton GJ, Wisse BE, Kirk EA, Chait A, Schwartz MW. Vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and reduced nitric oxide production precede the onset of peripheral insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1982-1988, 2008.
65. Kim JK, Gimeno RE, Higashimori T, Kim HJ, Choi H, Punreddy S, Mozell RL, Tan G, Stricker-Krongrad A, Hirsch DJ, Fillmore JJ, Liu ZX, Dong J, Cline G, Stahl A, Lodish HF, Shulman GI. Inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 1 prevents fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 113: 756-763, 2004.
66. Kim JY, van de Wall E, Laplante M, Azzara A, Trujillo ME, Hofmann SM, Schraw T, Durand JL, Li H, Li G, Jelicks LA, Mehler MF, Hui DY, Deshaies Y, Shulman GI, Schwartz GJ, Scherer PE. Obesityassociated improvements in metabolic profile through expansion of adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 117: 2621-2637, 2007.
67. Klar J, Schweiger M, Zimmerman R, Zechner R, Li H, Torma H, Vahlquist A, Bouadjar B, Dahl N, Fischer J. Mutations in the fatty acid transport protein 4 gene cause the ichthyosis prematurity syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 85: 248-253, 2009.
68. Kubota T, Kubota N, Kumagai H, Yamaguchi S, Kozono H, Takahashi T, Inoue M, Itoh S, Takamoto I, Sasako T, Kumagai K, Kawai T, Hashimoto S, Kobayashi T, Sato M, Tokuyama K, Nishimura S, Tsunoda M, Ide T, Murakami K, Yamazaki T, Ezaki O, Kawamura K, Masuda H, Moroi M, Sugi K, Oike Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Tsutsui M, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Nagai R, Kamata K, Inoue K, Kodama T, Ueki K, Kadowaki T. Impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells reduces insulin-induced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Cell Metab 13: 294-307, 2011.
69. Lahteenvuo JE, Lahteenvuo MT, Kivela A, Rosenlew C, Falkevall A, Klar J, Heikura T, Rissanen TT, Vahakangas E, Korpisalo P, Enholm B, Carmeliet P, Alitalo K, Eriksson U, Yla-Herttuala S. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B induces myocardium-specific angiogenesis and arteriogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1- and neuropilin receptor-1-dependent mechanisms. Circulation 119: 845-856, 2009.
70. Lazarus A, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular homeostasis. Proc Am Thorac Soc 8: 508-511, 2011.
71. Li X, Aase K, Li H, von Euler G, Eriksson U. Isoform-specific expression of VEGF-B in normal tissues and tumors. Growth Factors 19: 49-59, 2001.
72. Li X, Kumar A, Zhang F, Lee C, Tang Z. Complicated life, complicated VEGFB. Trends Mol Med 18: 119-127, 2012.
73. Li X, Lee C, Tang Z, Zhang F, Arjunan P, Li Y, Hou X, Kumar A, Dong L. VEGF-B: a survival, or an angiogenic factor? Cell Adh Migr 3: 322-327, 2009.
74. Li X, Tjwa M, Van Hove I, Enholm B, Neven E, Paavonen K, Jeltsch M, Juan TD, Sievers RE, Chorianopoulos E, Wada H, Vanwildemeersch M, Noel A, Foidart JM, Springer ML, von Degenfeld G, Dewerchin M, Blau HM, Alitalo K, Eriksson U, Carmeliet P, Moons L. Reevaluation of the role of VEGF-B suggests a restricted role in the revascularization of the ischemic myocardium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1614-1620, 2008.
75. Luiken JJ. Sarcolemmal fatty acid uptake vs. mitochondrial beta-oxidation as target to regress cardiac insulin resistance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 34: 473-480, 2009.
76. Maeda K, Cao H, Kono K, Gorgun CZ, Furuhashi M, Uysal KT, Cao Q, Atsumi G, Malone H, Krishnan B, Minokoshi Y, Kahn BB, Parker RA, Hotamisligil GS. Adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid binding proteins control integrated metabolic responses in obesity and diabetes. Cell Metab 1: 107-119, 2005.
77. Maeda K, Uysal KT, Makowski L, Gorgun CZ, Atsumi G, Parker RA, Bruning J, Hertzel AV, Bernlohr DA, Hotamisligil GS. Role of the fatty acid binding protein mal1 in obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 52: 300-307, 2003.
78. Makinen T, Olofsson B, Karpanen T, Hellman U, Soker S, Klagsbrun M, Eriksson U, Alitalo K. Differential binding of vascular endothelial growth factor B splice and proteolytic isoforms to neuropilin-1. J Biol Chem 274: 21217-21222, 1999.
79. Malik AK, Baldwin ME, Peale F, Fuh G, Liang WC, Lowman H, Meng G, Ferrara N, Gerber HP. Redundant roles of VEGF-B and PlGF during selective VEGF-A blockade in mice. Blood 107: 550-557, 2006.
80. Marti HH. Angiogenesis: a self-adapting principle in hypoxia. EXS 163-180, 2005.
81. Martin C, Chevrot M, Poirier H, Passilly-Degrace P, Niot I, Besnard P. CD36 as a lipid sensor. Physiol Behav 105: 36-42, 2011.
82. Masouye I, Hagens G, Van Kuppevelt TH, Madsen P, Saurat JH, Veerkamp JH, Pepper MS, Siegenthaler G. Endothelial cells of the human microvasculature express epidermal fatty acidbinding protein. Circ Res 81: 297-303, 1997.
83. Milger K, Herrmann T, Becker C, Gotthardt D, Zickwolf J, Ehehalt R, Watkins PA, Stremmel W, Fullekrug J. Cellular uptake of fatty acids driven by the ER-localized acyl-CoA synthetase FATP4. J Cell Sci 119: 4678-4688, 2006.
84. Mootha VK, Bunkenborg J, Olsen JV, Hjerrild M, Wisniewski JR, Stahl E, Bolouri MS, Ray HN, Sihag S, Kamal M, Patterson N, Lander ES, Mann M. Integrated analysis of protein composition, tissue diversity, and gene regulation in mouse mitochondria. Cell 115: 629-640, 2003.
85. Moulson CL, Martin DR, Lugus JJ, Schaffer JE, Lind AC, Miner JH. Cloning of wrinkle-free, a previously uncharacterized mouse mutation, reveals crucial roles for fatty acid transport protein 4 in skin and hair development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 5274-5279, 2003.
86. Muoio DM. Metabolism and vascular fatty acid transport. N Engl J Med 363: 291-293, 2010.
87. Nilsson I, Shibuya M, Wennstrom S. Differential activation of vascular genes by hypoxia in primary endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 299: 476-485, 2004.
88. Olivecrona G, Olivecrona T. Triglyceride lipases and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 21: 409-415, 2010.
89. Olofsson B, Korpelainen E, Pepper MS, Mandriota SJ, Aase K, Kumar V, Gunji Y, Jeltsch MM, Shibuya M, Alitalo K, Eriksson U. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 11709-11714, 1998.
90. Olofsson B, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, von Euler G, Joukov V, Saksela O, Orpana A, Pettersson RF, Alitalo K, Eriksson U. Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2576-2581, 1996.
91. Olofsson B, Pajusola K, von Euler G, Chilov D, Alitalo K, Eriksson U. Genomic organization of the mouse and human genes for vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and characterization of a second splice isoform. J Biol Chem 271: 19310-19317, 1996.
92. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J, Claesson-Welsh L. VEGF receptor signalling: in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7: 359-371, 2006.
93. Pei Z, Fraisl P, Berger J, Jia Z, Forss-Petter S, Watkins PA. Mouse very long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase 3/fatty acid transport protein 3 catalyzes fatty acid activation but not fatty acid transport in MA-10 cells. J Biol Chem 279: 54454-54462, 2004.
94. Podrez EA, Febbraio M, Sheibani N, Schmitt D, Silverstein RL, Hajjar DP, Cohen PA, Frazier WA, Hoff HF, Hazen SL. Macrophage scavenger receptor CD36 is the major receptor for LDL modified by monocyte-generated reactive nitrogen species. J Clin Invest 105: 1095-1108, 2000.
95. Pohl J, Ring A, Hermann T, Stremmel W. Role of FATP in parenchymal cell fatty acid uptake. Biochim Biophys Acta 1686: 1-6, 2004.
96. Prahst C, Heroult M, Lanahan AA, Uziel N, Kessler O, Shraga-Heled N, Simons M, Neufeld G, Augustin HG. Neuropilin-1-VEGFR-2 complexing requires the PDZ-binding domain of neuropilin-1. J Biol Chem 283: 25110-25114, 2008.
97. Richards MR, Listenberger LL, Kelly AA, Lewis SE, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Oligomerization of the murine fatty acid transport protein 1. J Biol Chem 278: 10477-10483, 2003.
98. Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands and atherosclerosis: ending the heartache. J Clin Invest 106: 629-631, 2000.
99. Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell 148: 852-871, 2012.
100. Sandoval A, Fraisl P, Arias-Barrau E, Dirusso CC, Singer D, Sealls W, Black PN. Fatty acid transport and activation and the expression patterns of genes involved in fatty acid trafficking. Arch Biochem Biophys 477: 363-371, 2008.
101. Scarpulla RC. Metabolic control of mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1 family regulatory network. Biochim Biophys Acta 1813: 1269-1278, 2011.
102. Schaffer JE, Lodish HF. Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein. Cell 79: 427-436, 1994.
103. Schmitz-Peiffer C. Targeting ceramide synthesis to reverse insulin resistance. Diabetes 59: 2351-2353, 2010.
104. Schmitz-Peiffer C, Browne CL, Oakes ND, Watkinson A, Chisholm DJ, Kraegen EW, Biden TJ. Alterations in the expression and cellular localization of protein kinase C isozymes epsilon and theta are associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of the high-fat-fed rat. Diabetes 46: 169-178, 1997.
105. Schwenk RW, Holloway GP, Luiken JJ, Bonen A, Glatz JF. Fatty acid transport across the cell membrane: regulation by fatty acid transporters. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 82: 149-154, 2010.
106. Silverstein RL, Febbraio M. CD36, a scavenger receptor involved in immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, and behavior. Sci Signal 2: re3, 2009.
107. Smathers RL, Petersen DR. The human fatty acidbinding protein family: evolutionary divergences and functions. Hum Genomics 5: 170-191, 2011.
108. Stahl A, Evans JG, Pattel S, Hirsch D, Lodish HF. Insulin causes fatty acid transport protein translocation and enhanced fatty acid uptake in adipocytes. Dev Cell 2: 477-488, 2002.
109. Storch J, McDermott L. Structural and functional analysis of fatty acid-binding proteins. J Lipid Res 50, Suppl: S126-S131, 2009.
110. Stuttfeld E, Ballmer-Hofer K. Structure and function of VEGF receptors. IUBMB Life 61: 915-922, 2009.
111. Tadaishi M, Miura S, Kai Y, Kano Y, Oishi Y, Ezaki O. Skeletal muscle-specific expression of PGC- 1alpha-b, an exercise-responsive isoform, increases exercise capacity and peak oxygen uptake. PLos One 6: e28290, 2011.
112. Tontonoz P, Nagy L, Alvarez JG, Thomazy VA, Evans RM. PPARgamma promotes monocyte/ macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. Cell 93: 241-252, 1998.
113. Unger RH. Minireview: weapons of lean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 144: 5159-5165, 2003.
114. Van der Vusse GJ, Glatz JF, Van Nieuwenhoven FA, Reneman RS, Bassingthwaighte JB. Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the muscular endothelium. Adv Exp Med Biol 441: 181-191, 1998.
115. van der Vusse GJ, van Bilsen M, Glatz JF, Hasselbaink DM, Luiken JJ. Critical steps in cellular fatty acid uptake and utilization. Mol Cell Biochem 239: 9-15, 2002.
116. Wang MY, Grayburn P, Chen S, Ravazzola M, Orci L, Unger RH. Adipogenic capacity and the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 6139-6144, 2008.
117. Watanabe K, Toba K, Ogawa Y, Kodama M, Hirono S, Ohkura Y, Hanawa H, Nakamura Y, Aoki Y, Fuse I, Aizawa Y, Miyajima S, Kusano Y, Nagatomo T, Hasegawa G, Naito M. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with type I CD36 deficiency. Jpn Circ J 62: 541-542, 1998.
118. Watanabe K, Wakabayashi H, Veerkamp JH, Ono T, Suzuki T. Immunohistochemical distribution of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein immunoreactivity in normal human tissues and in acute myocardial infarct. J Pathol 170: 59-65, 1993.
119. Wu Q, Ortegon AM, Tsang B, Doege H, Feingold KR, Stahl A. FATP1 is an insulin-sensitive fatty acid transporter involved in diet-induced obesity. Mol Cell Biol 26: 3455-3467, 2006.
120. Yki-Jarvinen H. Thiazolidinediones. N Engl J Med 351: 1106-1118, 2004.
121. Zentilin L, Puligadda U, Lionetti V, Zacchigna S, Collesi C, Pattarini L, Ruozi G, Camporesi S, Sinagra G, Pepe M, Recchia FA, Giacca M. Cardiomyocyte VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B induces compensatory hypertrophy and preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. FASEB J 24: 1467-1478, 2010.
122. Zhang F, Tang Z, Hou X, Lennartsson J, Li Y, Koch AW, Scotney P, Lee C, Arjunan P, Dong L, Kumar A, Rissanen TT, Wang B, Nagai N, Fons P, Fariss R, Zhang Y, Wawrousek E, Tansey G, Raber J, Fong GH, Ding H, Greenberg DA, Becker KG, Herbert JM, Nash A, Yla-Herttuala S, Cao Y, Watts RJ, Li X. VEGF-B is dispensable for blood vessel growth but critical for their survival, and VEGF-B targeting inhibits pathological angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 6152-6157, 2009.