In from the margins? The changing place of Africa in International Relations

International Affairs

Volumn 89, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 69-87

  Harman, Sophie ^a   Brown, William ^b  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872440075     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.12005     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. As is conventional, we reserve the capitalized term 'International Relations' (IR) to refer to the academic discipline and the lower-case 'international relations' to refer to substantive 'real world' practices of Africa's international relations, notwithstanding the obvious caveat that the discipline is also, in some ways at least, part of the 'real world'.
2. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of international politics (New York: Random House, 1979), p. 73.
3. Among many possible examples, see Kevin C. Dunn and Timothy M. Shaw, eds, Africa's challenge to International Relations theory (London: Palgrave, 2001); Scarlett Cornelissen, Fantu Cheru and Timothy M. Shaw, eds, Africa and International Relations in the 21st century (London: Palgrave, 2012); Pinar Bilgin, 'Thinking past "western" IR?', Third World Quarterly 29: 1, 2008, pp. 5-23.
4. Scarlett Cornelissen, Fantu Cheru and Timothy M. Shaw, 'Introduction: Africa and IR in the 21st century', in Cornelissen et al., eds, Africa and International Relations in the 21st century, pp. 1-17.
5. Tickner and Waever, eds, International Relations scholarship around the world.
6. This body of work included, but was not limited to, African Affairs, European Journal of International Relations, International Affairs, International Political Sociology, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of International Relations and Development, Journal of Modern African Studies, Millennium, Politikon, Review of African Political Economy, Review of International Political Economy, Review of International Studies, South African Journal of International Affairs and Third World Quarterly.
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9. William G. Martin, 'Africa's futures: from North-South to East-South?', Third World Quarterly 29: 2, 2008, pp. 339-56.
10. Ian Taylor and Paul Williams, eds, Africa in international politics: external involvement in the continent (London: Routledge, 2004); Timothy M. Shaw, Fantu Cheru and Scarlett Cornelissen, 'Conclusion: what futures for Africa's international relations?', in Cornelissen et al., eds, Africa and International Relations in the 21st century, pp. 194-211.
11. See e.g. William Brown, 'Africa and International Relations: a comment on IR theory, anarchy and statehood', Review of International Studies 32: 1, 2006, pp. 119-44.
12. Patrick Chabal, Africa: the politics of suffering and smiling (London: Zed, 2009); Dunn and Shaw, eds, Africa's challenge to International Relations theory; James Barber, 'International Relations: stumbling into the third millennium', South African Journal of International Affairs 6: 2, 1999, pp. 33-60.
13. Cornelissen et al., 'Introduction: Africa and IR in the 21st century', p. 1.
14. Chabal, Africa: the politics of suffering and smiling.
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20. See contributions to Mark Duffield and Vernon Hewitt, eds, Empire, development and colonialism: the past in the present (Woodbridge: James Currey, 2009); David Williams, The World Bank and social transformation in international politics: liberalism, governance and sovereignty (Abingdon: Routledge, 2008); William Brown, 'The Commission for Africa: results and prospects for the West's Africa policy', Journal of Modern African Studies 44: 3, Sept. 2006, pp. 349-74.
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43. Gordon D. Cumming and Tony Chafer, 'From rivalry to partnership? Critical reflections on Anglo-French cooperation in Africa', Review of International Studies 37: 5, 2011, pp. 2439-63.
44. Brown, 'Africa and International Relations'; Beth Elise Whitaker, 'Compliance among weak states: Africa and counter-terrorism', Review of International Studies 36: 3, 2010, pp. 639-62.
45. Harrison, The World Bank and Africa; Vale, 'The Movement, modernity and new International Relations writing in South Africa'.
46. See Gruffydd Jones, 'Africa and the poverty of International Relations'; William Brown, 'Reconsidering the aid relationship: International Relations and social development', Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 98: 402, June 2009, pp. 285-300.
47. The shift in tone and substance from Dunn and Shaw, eds, Africa's challenge to International Relations theory, in 2001, to its 2012 partner volume, Cornelissen et al., eds, Africa and International Relations in the 21st century, is illustrative of this point.
48. Ian Taylor, The international relations of sub-Saharan Africa (New York and London: Continuum, 2010).
49. David Styan, 'The security of Africans beyond borders: migration, remittances and London's transnational entrepreneurs', International Affairs 83: 6, Nov. 2007, pp. 1171-91.
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51. Chris Alden, 'Let them eat cyberspace: Africa, the G8 and the digital divide', Millennium: Journal of International Studies 32: 3, Dec. 2003, pp. 457-76.
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54. See e.g. James Barber, 'The new South Africa's foreign policy: principles and practice', International Affairs 81: 5, Oct. 2005, pp. 1079-96.
55. Tom Porteous, 'British government policy in sub-Saharan Africa under New Labour', International Affairs 81: 2, March 2005, pp. 281-97.
56. The 1954 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are: non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful coexistence, equality and mutual benefit, non-aggression, and mutual respect for territory.
57. Horace Campbell, 'China in Africa: challenging US global hegemony', Third World Quarterly 29: 1, Feb. 2008, pp. 89-105.
58. Ian Taylor, 'China's oil diplomacy in Africa', International Affairs 82: 5, Oct. 2006, pp. 937-59.
59. Taylor, 'China's oil diplomacy in Africa'.
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61. Gallagher, 'Ruthless player or development partner?'.
62. Jianbo and Xiaomin, 'Multilateral cooperation in Africa between China and western countries'.
63. Pádraig Carmody, The new scramble for Africa (Cambridge: Polity, 2011).
64. William Brown and Sophie Harman, 'African agency in international politics', in William Brown and Sophie Harman, eds, African agency in international politics (London: Routledge, forthcoming 2013).
65. Taylor, 'China's oil diplomacy in Africa'.
66. Ian Taylor, 'India's rise in Africa', International Affairs 88: 2, March 2012, pp. 779-98.
67. Chris Alden and Marco Antonio Vieira, 'The new diplomacy of the South: South Africa, Brazil, India and trilateralism', Third World Quarterly 26: 7, Oct. 2005, pp. 1077-95.
68. On the Cold War, see Clapham, Africa and the international system; on colonialism, see e.g. Roland Robinson, 'The excentric idea of imperialism, with or without empire', in Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Jurgen Osterhammel, eds, Imperialism and after: continuities and discontinuities (London: Allen & Unwin, 1986).
69. UNAIDS, World AIDS Day Report 2011, http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf, accessed 8 Nov. 2012.
70. Robert O. Ostergard, 'Politics in the hot zone: AIDS and national security in Africa', Third World Quarterly 23: 2, 2002, pp. 333-50.
71. Harman, 'Fighting HIV and AIDS'; Kondwani Chirambo, 'AIDS and democracy in Africa', in Nana Poku, Alan Whiteside and Bjorg Sandkjaer, eds, AIDS and governance (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 67-92.
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77. Sophie Harman, The World Bank and HIV/AIDS (London: Routledge, 2010); Garrett Wallace Brown, 'Multisectoralism, participation, and stakeholder effectiveness: increasing the role of non-state actors in the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria', Global Governance 15: 2, 2009, pp. 169-77.
78. Hakan Seckinelgin, International politics of HIV/AIDS (London: Routledge, 2008); Harman, The World Bank and HIV/AIDS.
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80. For more on the growing influence and practices of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, see David McCoy, Gayatri Kembhavi, Jinesh Patel and Akish Luintel, 'The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's grant-making programme for global health', The Lancet 373: 9675, 2009, pp. 1645-53.
81. See Brown and Harman, eds, African agency in international politics.
82. Sven Grimm, Heike Höß, Katharina Knappe, Marion Siebold, Johannes Sperrfechter and Isabel Vogler, Coordinating China and DAC development partners: challenges to the aid architecture in Rwanda, DIE study 57 (Bonn: German Development Institute, 2011).
83. The 1818 Society, Key challenges facing the World Bank President: an independent diagnostic (Washington DC: The 1818 Society, 2012).
84. Cornelissen et al., 'Introduction: Africa and IR in the 21st century'. It is also notable that even in South Africa, the African country with by far the most developed tradition in IR scholarship, the majority of published work has an empirical focus, with very few articles, even in IR journals, addressing 'purely theoretical' questions. See Maxi Schoeman, 'South Africa: between history and a hard place', in Tickner and Waever, eds, International Relations scholarship around the world, pp. 62-3.
85. Coleman, 'Innovations in "African solutions to African problems"', p. 541.
86. Beth Whitaker, 'Soft balancing among weak states? Evidence from Africa', International Affairs 86: 5, Sept. 2010, pp. 1109-27.
87. Shaw et al., 'Conclusion: what futures for Africa's international relations?'.
88. Jackson, Quasi-states.
89. Georg Sørensen, Changes in statehood: the transformation of international relations (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001); Robert Cooper, The breaking of nations: order and chaos in the twenty-first century (London: Atlantic Books, 2004).
90. Robert Kaplan, 'The coming anarchy: how scarcity, crime, overpopulation, tribalism, and disease are rapidly destroying the social fabric of our planet', Atlantic Monthly 273: 2, Feb. 1994, pp. 44-77.
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93. Shaw et al., 'Conclusion: what futures for Africa's international relations?'.
94. Schoeman, 'South Africa: between history and a hard place'; Chris Landsberg and Dumisani Hlophe, 'The triple black burden: race, knowledge production and South Africa's international affairs', Politikon 8: 1, 2001, pp. 23-39.
95. Though see British Academy and Association of Commonwealth Universities, The Nairobi Report: frameworks for Africa-UK research collaboration in the social sciences and humanities (London: British Academy, 2009).
96. Cirino Hiteng Ofuho, 'Africa: teaching IR where it's not supposed to be', in Tickner and Waever, eds, International Relations scholarship around the world, pp. 71-85.