Integrative physiology of depression and antidepressant drug action: Implications for serotonergic mechanisms of action and novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of depression

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 137, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 108-118

  Hale, Matthew W ^a   Raison, Charles L ^b   Lowry, Christopher A ^c  

^a LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Antidepressant; Major depression; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Thermoafferent; Thermoregulation; Thermoregulatory cooling

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; UROCORTIN II;

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BIOSENSOR; BODY TEMPERATURE; BRAIN REGION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DRUG MECHANISM; EXERCISE; FOREBRAIN; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PHOTOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SLEEP; THERMOREGULATION;

EID: 84872360548     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: 1879016X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.005     Document Type: Review

References (155)

1. J.K. Abrams, P.L. Johnson, A. Hay-Schmidt, J.D. Mikkelsen, A. Shekhar, and C.A. Lowry Serotonergic systems associated with arousal and vigilance behaviors following administration of anxiogenic drugs Neuroscience 133 2005 983 997
2. J. Amat, M.V. Baratta, E. Paul, S.T. Bland, L.R. Watkins, and S.F. Maier Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus Nat Neurosci 8 2005 365 371
3. J. Amat, J.P. Tamblyn, E.D. Paul, S.T. Bland, P. Amat, and A.C. Foster Microinjection of urocortin 2 into the dorsal raphe nucleus activates serotonergic neurons and increases extracellular serotonin in the basolateral amygdala Neuroscience 129 2004 509 519
4. P.A. Arbisi, R.A. Depue, M.R. Spoont, A. Leon, and B. Ainsworth Thermoregulatory response to thermal challenge in seasonal affective disorder: A preliminary report Psychiatry Res 28 1989 323 334
5. D.H. Avery, S.H. Shah, D.N. Eder, and G. Wildschiodtz Nocturnal sweating and temperature in depression Acta Psychiatr Scand 100 1999 295 301
6. D.H. Avery, G. Wildschiodtz, and O.J. Rafaelsen Nocturnal temperature in affective disorder J Affect Disord 4 1982 61 71
7. E.C. Azmitia, and P.J. Gannon S. Fahn, The primate serotonergic system: A review of human and animal studies and a report on Macaca fascicularis 1986 Myoclonus Raven Press New York 407 468
8. H. Bach-Mizrachi, M.D. Underwood, S.A. Kassir, M.J. Bakalian, E. Sibille, and H. Tamir Neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase mRNA expression in the human dorsal and median raphe nuclei: major depression and suicide Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2006 814 824
9. H. Bach-Mizrachi, M.D. Underwood, A. Tin, S.P. Ellis, J.J. Mann, and V. Arango Elevated expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mRNA at the neuronal level in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of depressed suicides Mol Psychiatry 13 2008 507 513
10. C.E. Bagg, and T.G. Crookes Palmar digital sweating in women suffering from depression Br J Psychiatry 112 1966 1251 1255
11. S.J. Bang, P. Jensen, S.M. Dymecki, and K.G. Commons Projections and interconnections of genetically defined serotonin neurons in mice Eur J Neurosci 35 2012 85 96
12. D.A. Barton, M.D. Esler, T. Dawood, E.A. Lambert, D. Haikerwal, and C. Brenchley Elevated brain serotonin turnover in patients with depression: Effect of genotype and therapy Arch Gen Psychiatry 65 2008 38 46
13. R. Beever The effects of repeated thermal therapy on quality of life in patients with type II diabetes mellitus J Altern Complement Med 16 2010 677 681
14. C.E. Beyer, and T.I. Cremers Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors acutely increase frontal cortex levels of serotonin? Eur J Pharmacol 580 2008 350 354
15. P. Bobillier, S. Seguin, A. Dugueurce, B.D. Lewis, and J.F. Pujol The efferent connections of the nucleus raphe centralis superior in the rat as revealed by autoradiography Brain Res 166 1979 1 8
16. N. Boulais, J.P. Pennec, N. Lebonvallet, U. Pereira, N. Rougier, and G. Dorange Rat Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors and osmoreceptors PLoS One 4 2009 e7759
17. N. Boulais, U. Pereira, N. Lebonvallet, E. Gobin, G. Dorange, and N. Rougier Merkel cells as putative regulatory cells in skin disorders: An in vitro study PLoS One 4 2009 e6528
18. J.A. Bouwknecht, F. Spiga, D.R. Staub, M.W. Hale, A. Shekhar, and C.A. Lowry Differential effects of exposure to low-light or high-light open-field on anxiety-related behaviors: Relationship to c-Fos expression in serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus Brain Res Bull 72 2007 32 43
19. E. Bromet, L.H. Andrade, I. Hwang, N.A. Sampson, J. Alonso, and G. de Girolamo Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode BMC Med 9 2011 90
20. K.M. Buller, T. Allen, L.D. Wilson, F. Munro, and T.A. Day A critical role for the parabrachial nucleus in generating central nervous system responses elicited by a systemic immune challenge J Neuroimmunol 152 2004 20 32
21. J.N. Bunney, and S.G. Potkin Circadian abnormalities, molecular clock genes and chronobiological treatments in depression Br Med Bull 86 2008 23 32
22. C. Cajochen, M. Munch, S. Kobialka, K. Krauchi, R. Steiner, and P. Oelhafen High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 2005 1311 1316
23. N. Castex, J. Fioramonti, d.L. Ducos, G. Luffau, J. More, and L. Bueno Brain Fos expression and intestinal motor alterations during nematode-induced inflammation in the rat Am J Physiol 274 1998 G210 G216
24. M. Chalder, N.J. Wiles, J. Campbell, S.P. Hollinghurst, A. Searle, and A.M. Haase A pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a physical activity intervention as a treatment for depression: The treating depression with physical activity (TREAD) trial Health Technol Assess 16 2012 1 164, iii-iv
25. J.P. Christianson, T. Ragole, J. Amat, B.N. Greenwood, P.V. Strong, and E.D. Paul 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors in the basolateral amygdala are involved in the expression of anxiety after uncontrollable traumatic stress Biol Psychiatry 67 2010 339 345
26. K.G. Commons, K.R. Connolley, and R.J. Valentino A neurochemically distinct dorsal raphe-limbic circuit with a potential role in affective disorders Neuropsychopharmacology 28 2003 206 215
27. M.N. Cramer, A.R. Bain, and O. Jay Local sweating on the forehead, but not forearm, is influenced by aerobic fitness independently of heat balance requirements during exercise Exp Physiol 97 2012 572 582
28. E. Cutz, and A. Jackson Neuroepithelial bodies as airway oxygen sensors Respir Physiol 115 1999 201 214
29. S.J. Davies, C.A. Lowry, and D.J. Nutt Panic and hypertension: Brothers in arms through 5-HT? J Psychopharmacol 21 2007 563 566
30. S.T. de Oliveira, V.C. de Bortoli, and H. Zangrossi Jr. Serotonin-2A receptor regulation of panic-like behavior in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray matter: The role of GABA Psychopharmacology (Berl) 218 2011 725 732
31. J.F.W. Deakin 5-HT, antidepressant drugs and the psychosocial origins of depression J Psychopharmacol 10 1996 31 38
32. J.F.W. Deakin, and F.G. Graeff 5-HT and mechanisms of defence J Psychopharmacol 5 1991 305 315
33. J. Demling, S. Beyer, and J. Kornhuber To sweat or not to sweat? A hypothesis on the effects of venlafaxine and SSRIs Med Hypotheses 74 2010 155 157
34. W.C. Drevets, J.L. Price, and M.L. Furey Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: Implications for neurocircuitry models of depression Brain Struct Funct 213 2008 93 118
35. R.S. Duman, and L.M. Monteggia A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders Biol Psychiatry 59 2006 1116 1127
36. R.S. Duman, G.R. Heninger, and E.J. Nestler A molecular and cellular theory of depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 1997 597 606
37. S.P. Dunlop, D. Jenkins, K.R. Neal, and R.C. Spiller Relative importance of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, anxiety, and depression in postinfectious IBS Gastroenterology 125 2003 1651 1659
38. K.V. Fite, S. Janusonis, W. Foote, and L. Bengston Retinal afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus in rats and Mongolian gerbils J Comp Neurol 414 1999 469 484
39. X.W. Fu, C.A. Nurse, V. Wong, and E. Cutz Hypoxia-induced secretion of serotonin from intact pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies in neonatal rabbit J Physiol 539 2002 503 510
40. T. Fujii, N. Yamamoto, H. Hori, K. Hattori, D. Sasayama, and T. Teraishi Support for association between the Ser205Leu polymorphism of p75(NTR) and major depressive disorder J Hum Genet 56 2011 806 809
41. K.L. Gardner, K.V. Thrivikraman, S.L. Lightman, P.M. Plotsky, and C.A. Lowry Early life experience alters behavior during social defeat: Focus on serotonergic systems Neuroscience 136 2005 181 191
42. R.P. Gaykema, L.E. Goehler, and M. Lyte Brain response to cecal infection with Campylobacter jejuni: Analysis with Fos immunohistochemistry Brain Behav Immun 18 2004 238 245
43. K. Ghai, C. Zelinka, and A.J. Fischer Serotonin released from amacrine neurons is scavenged and degraded in bipolar neurons in the retina J Neurochem 111 2009 1 14
44. R. Gizatullin, G. Zaboli, E.G. Jonsson, M. Asberg, and R. Leopardi Haplotype analysis reveals tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) 1 gene variants associated with major depression Biol Psychiatry 59 2006 295 300
45. M. Goekint, B. Roelands, E. Heyman, R. Njemini, and R. Meeusen Influence of citalopram and environmental temperature on exercise-induced changes in BDNF Neurosci Lett 494 2011 150 154
46. J.M. Gorman, and J.D. Coplan Comorbidity of depression and panic disorder J Clin Psychiatry 57 Suppl. 10 1996 34 41
47. F.G. Graeff, F.S. Guimaraes, T.G. De Andrade, and J.F. Deakin Role of 5-HT in stress, anxiety, and depression Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54 1996 129 141
48. R.E. Grahn, M.J. Will, S.E. Hammack, S. Maswood, M.B. McQueen, and L.R. Watkins Activation of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus in rats exposed to an uncontrollable stressor Brain Res 826 1999 35 43
49. P.E. Greenberg, R.C. Kessler, H.G. Birnbaum, S.A. Leong, S.W. Lowe, and P.A. Berglund The economic burden of depression in the United States: How did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry 64 2003 1465 1475
50. B.N. Greenwood, and M. Fleshner Exercise, learned helplessness, and the stress-resistant brain Neuromolecular Med 10 2008 81 98
51. B.N. Greenwood, and M. Fleshner Exercise, stress resistance, and central serotonergic systems Exerc Sport Sci Rev 39 2011 140 149
52. B.N. Greenwood, T.E. Foley, H.E.W. Day, D. Burhans, L. Brooks, and S. Campeau Wheel running alters serotonin (5-HT) transporter, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and alpha1b-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat raphe nuclei Biol Psychiatry 57 2005 559 568
53. J.O. Habeck, D.J. Pallot, and W. Kummer Serotonin immunoreactivity in the carotid body of adult humans Histol Histopathol 9 1994 227 232
54. H. Haeberle, M. Fujiwara, J. Chuang, M.M. Medina, M.V. Panditrao, and S. Bechstedt Molecular profiling reveals synaptic release machinery in Merkel cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 2004 14503 14508
55. F. Haghighi, H. Bach-Mizrachi, Y.Y. Huang, V. Arango, S. Shi, and A.J. Dwork Genetic architecture of the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene: Existence of neural isoforms and relevance for major depression Mol Psychiatry 13 2008 813 820
56. A.L. Halberstadt, and C.D. Balaban Serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus send collateralized projections to both the vestibular nuclei and the central amygdaloid nucleus Neuroscience 140 2006 1067 1077
57. M.W. Hale, and C.A. Lowry Functional topography of midbrain and pontine serotonergic systems: Implications for synaptic regulation of serotonergic circuits Psychopharmacology (Berl) 213 2011 243 264
58. M.W. Hale, K.F. Dady, A.K. Evans, and C.A. Lowry Evidence for in vivo thermosensitivity of serotonergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus and raphe pallidus nucleus implicated in thermoregulatory cooling Exp Neurol 227 2011 264 278
59. M.W. Hale, A. Hay-Schmidt, J.D. Mikkelsen, B. Poulsen, J.A. Bouwknecht, and A.K. Evans Exposure to an open-field arena increases c-Fos expression in a subpopulation of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, including neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdaloid complex Neuroscience 157 2008 733 748
60. M.W. Hale, C.E. Stamper, D.R. Staub, and C.A. Lowry Urocortin 2 increases c-Fos expression in serotonergic neurons projecting to the ventricular/ periventricular system Exp Neurol 224 2010 271 281
61. A.G. Harvey Sleep and circadian functioning: critical mechanisms in the mood disorders? Annu Rev Clin Psychol 7 2011 297 319
62. S. Hayashida, T. Oka, T. Mera, and S. Tsuji Repeated social defeat stress induces chronic hyperthermia in rats Physiol Behav 101 2010 124 131
63. T.P. Heath, J.K. Melichar, D.J. Nutt, and L.F. Donaldson Human taste thresholds are modulated by serotonin and noradrenaline J Neurosci 26 2006 12664 12671
64. M.P. Herring, T.W. Puetz, P.J. O'Connor, and R.K. Dishman Effect of exercise training on depressive symptoms among patients with a chronic illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Arch Intern Med 172 2012 101 111
65. Y.J. Huang, Y. Maruyama, K.S. Lu, E. Pereira, and S.D. Roper Mouse taste buds release serotonin in response to taste stimuli Chem Senses 30 Suppl. 1 2005 i39 i40
66. T. Ichinose-Kuwahara, Y. Inoue, Y. Iseki, S. Hara, Y. Ogura, and N. Kondo Sex differences in the effects of physical training on sweat gland responses during a graded exercise Exp Physiol 95 2010 1026 1032
67. H. Imai, D.A. Steindler, and S.T. Kitai The organization of divergent axonal projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat J Comp Neurol 243 1986 363 380
68. B.L. Jacobs, and E.C. Azmitia Structure and function of the brain serotonin system Physiol Rev 72 1992 165 229
69. P. Jensen, A.F. Farago, R.B. Awatramani, M.M. Scott, E.S. Deneris, and S.M. Dymecki Redefining the serotonergic system by genetic lineage Nat Neurosci 11 2008 417 419
70. P.L. Johnson, J.H. Hollis, R. Moratalla, S.L. Lightman, and C.A. Lowry Acute hypercarbic gas exposure reveals functionally distinct subpopulations of serotonergic neurons in rats J Psychopharmacol 19 2005 327 341
71. P.L. Johnson, S.L. Lightman, and C.A. Lowry A functional subset of serotonergic neurons in the rat ventrolateral periaqueductal gray implicated in the inhibition of sympathoexcitation and panic Ann N Y Acad Sci 1018 2004 58 64
72. P.L. Johnson, C.A. Lowry, W. Truitt, and A. Shekhar Disruption of GABAergic tone in the dorsomedial hypothalamus attenuates responses in a subset of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus following lactate-induced panic J Psychopharmacol 22 2008 642 645
73. A.J. Keeney, S. Hogg, and C.A. Marsden Alterations in core body temperature, locomotor activity, and corticosterone following acute and repeated social defeat of male NMRI mice Physiol Behav 74 2001 177 184
74. M.B. Keller, P.W. Lavori, T.I. Mueller, J. Endicott, W. Coryell, and R.M. Hirschfeld Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression. A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 49 1992 809 816
75. K.J. Kelly, N.C. Donner, M.W. Hale, and C.A. Lowry Swim stress activates serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons in specific subdivisions of the rat dorsal raphe nucleus in a temperature-dependent manner Neuroscience 197 2011 251 268
76. I.A. Kerman, C. Shabrang, L. Taylor, H. Akil, and S.J. Watson Relationship of presympathetic-premotor neurons to the serotonergic transmitter system in the rat brainstem J Comp Neurol 499 2006 882 896
77. R.C. Kessler The costs of depression Psychiatr Clin North Am 35 2012 1 14
78. M.L. Kirifides, K.L. Simpson, R.C. Lin, and B.D. Waterhouse Topographic organization and neurochemical identity of dorsal raphe neurons that project to the trigeminal somatosensory pathway in the rat J Comp Neurol 435 2001 325 340
79. M.Y. Kochukov, T.A. McNearney, H. Yin, L. Zhang, F. Ma, and L. Ponomareva Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances functional thermal and chemical responses of TRP cation channels in human synoviocytes Mol Pain 5 2009 49
80. C. Köhler, and H. Steinbusch Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain Neuroscience 7 1982 951 975
81. C. Köhler, V. Chan-Palay, and H. Steinbusch The distribution and origin of serotonin-containing fibers in the septal area: A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat J Comp Neurol 209 1982 91 111
82. K.F. Koltyn, H.I. Robins, C.L. Schmitt, J.D. Cohen, and W.P. Morgan Changes in mood state following whole-body hyperthermia Int J Hyperthermia 8 1992 305 307
83. J. Krogh, M. Nordentoft, J.A. Sterne, and D.A. Lawlor The effect of exercise in clinically depressed adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials J Clin Psychiatry 72 2011 529 538
84. L.C. Lack, M. Gradisar, E.J. Van Someren, H.R. Wright, and K. Lushington The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures Sleep Med Rev 12 2008 307 317
85. J. Lazary, V. Viczena, P. Dome, D. Chase, G. Juhasz, and G. Bagdy Hopelessness, a potential endophenotpye for suicidal behavior, is influenced by TPH2 gene variants Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 36 2012 155 160
86. H.S. Lee, M.A. Kim, R.J. Valentino, and B.D. Waterhouse Glutamatergic afferent projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat Brain Res 963 2003 57 71
87. A.M. LeMaster, R.F. Krimm, B.M. Davis, T. Noel, M.E. Forbes, and J.E. Johnson Overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances sensory innervation and selectively increases neuron number J Neurosci 19 1999 5919 5931
88. D. Lester The concentration of neurotransmitter metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicidal individuals: a meta-analysis Pharmacopsychiatry 28 1995 45 50
89. S.J. Leu, I.S. Shiah, L.N. Yatham, Y.M. Cheu, and R.W. Lam Immune-inflammatory markers in patients with seasonal affective disorder: Effects of light therapy J Affect Disord 63 2001 27 34
90. R.W. Lind Bi-directional, chemically specified neural connections between the subfornical organ and the midbrain raphe system Brain Res 384 1986 250 261
91. C. Lopez de Lara, J. Brezo, G. Rouleau, A. Lesage, M. Dumont, and M. Alda Effect of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene variants on suicide risk in major depression Biol Psychiatry 62 2007 72 80
92. C.A. Lowry, A.K. Evans, P.J. Gasser, M.W. Hale, D.R. Staub, and A. Shekhar Topographical organization and chemoarchitecture of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the median raphe nucleus J.M. Monti, B.L. Pandi-Perumal, B.L. Jacobs, D.L. Nutt, Serotonin and sleep: Molecular, functional and clinical aspects 1 ed. 2008 Birkhauser Basel 25 68
93. C.A. Lowry, J.H. Hollis, A. de Vries, B. Pan, L.R. Brunet, and J.R. Hunt Identification of an immune-responsive mesolimbocortical serotonergic system: Potential role in regulation of emotional behavior Neuroscience 146 2007 756 772
94. C.A. Lowry, S.L. Lightman, and D.J. Nutt That warm fuzzy feeling: Brain serotonergic neurons and the regulation of emotion J Psychopharmacol 23 2009 392 400
95. S. Lucae, M. Ising, S. Horstmann, B.T. Baune, V. Arolt, and B. Muller-Myhsok HTR2A gene variation is involved in antidepressant treatment response Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 20 2010 65 68
96. J.J. Mann Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour Nat Rev Neurosci 4 2003 819 828
97. T.R. Marcy, and M.L. Britton Antidepressant-induced sweating Ann Pharmacother 39 2005 748 752
98. K. Martinowich, H. Manji, and B. Lu New insights into BDNF function in depression and anxiety Nat Neurosci 10 2007 1089 1093
99. J.T. McKenna, and R.P. Vertes Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial septum and hippocampus Brain Res Bull 54 2001 619 630
100. J.D. Mikkelsen, A. Hay-Schmidt, and P.J. Larsen Central innervation of the rat ependyma and subcommissural organ with special reference to ascending serotoninergic projections from the raphe nuclei J Comp Neurol 384 1997 556 568
101. K. Munkholm, M. Vinberg, and K.L. Vedel Cytokines in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis J Affect Disord 2012 2012 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]
102. C.J. Murray, and A.D. Lopez Evidence-based health policy-lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study Science 274 1996 740 743
103. K. Nakamura, and S.F. Morrison A thermosensory pathway mediating heat-defense responses Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 2010 8848 8853
104. M.W. Nash, K. Sugden, P. Huezo-Diaz, R. Williamson, A. Sterne, and S. Purcell Association analysis of monoamine genes with measures of depression and anxiety in a selected community sample of siblings Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 135B 2005 33 37
105. K. Nordlind, E.C. Azmitia, and A. Slominski The skin as a mirror of the soul: Exploring the possible roles of serotonin Exp Dermatol 17 2008 301 311
106. K. Nozawa, E. Kawabata-Shoda, H. Doihara, R. Kojima, H. Okada, and S. Mochizuki TRPA1 regulates gastrointestinal motility through serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 2009 3408 3413
107. M.E. O'Brien, H. Anderson, E. Kaukel, K. O'Byrne, M. Pawlicki, and J. von Pawel SRL172 (killed Mycobacterium vaccae) in addition to standard chemotherapy improves quality of life without affecting survival, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: phase III results Ann Oncol 15 2004 906 914
108. Y. Oomori, K. Nakaya, H. Tanaka, H. Iuchi, K. Ishikawa, and Y. Satoh Immunohistochemical and histochemical evidence for the presence of noradrenaline, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid in chief cells of the mouse carotid body Cell Tissue Res 278 1994 249 254
109. K. Otsuki, S. Uchida, T. Watanuki, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Fujimoto, and T. Matsubara Altered expression of neurotrophic factors in patients with major depression J Psychiatr Res 42 2008 1145 1153
110. O.P. Ottersen Afferent connections of the amygdaloid complex of the rat with some observations in the cat. III. Afferents from the lower brain stem J Comp Neurol 202 1981 335 356
111. D.A. Pasquier, and F. Reinoso-Suarez The topographic organization of hypothalamic and brain stem projections to the hippocampus Brain Res Bull 3 1978 373 389
112. P.D. Patel, C. Pontrello, and S. Burke Robust and tissue-specific expression of TPH2 versus TPH1 in rat raphe and pineal gland Biol Psychiatry 55 2004 428 433
113. P. Perez-Pinera, O. Garcia-Suarez, A. Germana, B. Diaz-Esnal, F. de Carlos, and I. Silos-Santiago Characterization of sensory deficits in TrkB knockout mice Neurosci Lett 433 2008 43 47
114. E.J. Peters, S.L. Slager, P.J. McGrath, J.A. Knowles, and S.P. Hamilton Investigation of serotonin-related genes in antidepressant response Mol Psychiatry 9 2004 879 889
115. R.L. Pobbe, and H. Zangrossi Jr. 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray mediate the antipanic-like effect induced by the stimulation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus Psychopharmacology (Berl) 183 2005 314 321
116. R.L. Pobbe, H. Zangrossi Jr., D.C. Blanchard, and R.J. Blanchard Involvement of dorsal raphe nucleus and dorsal periaqueductal gray 5-HT receptors in the modulation of mouse defensive behaviors Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21 2011 306 315
117. L.J. Porrino, and P.S. Goldman-Rakic Brainstem innervation of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey revealed by retrograde transport of HRP J Comp Neurol 205 1982 63 76
118. J.L. Price, and W.C. Drevets Neurocircuitry of mood disorders Neuropsychopharmacology 35 2010 192 216
119. C.L. Raison, L. Capuron, and A.H. Miller Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression Trends Immunol 27 2006 24 31
120. J.L. Rausch, M.E. Johnson, K.M. Corley, H.M. Hobby, N. Shendarkar, and Y. Fei Depressed patients have higher body temperature: 5-HT transporter long promoter region effects Neuropsychobiology 47 2003 120 127
121. R.J. Raymann, D.F. Swaab, and E.J. Van Someren Cutaneous warming promotes sleep onset Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288 2005 R1589 R1597
122. R.J. Raymann, D.F. Swaab, and E.J. Van Someren Skin deep: Enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation Brain 131 2008 500 513
123. G.B. Richerson Serotonergic neurons as carbon dioxide sensors that maintain pH homeostasis Nat Rev Neurosci 5 2004 449 461
124. J. Rimer, K. Dwan, D.A. Lawlor, C.A. Greig, M. McMurdo, and W. Morley Exercise for depression Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7 2012 CD004366
125. T. Saarelainen, P. Hendolin, G. Lucas, E. Koponen, M. Sairanen, and E. MacDonald Activation of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor is induced by antidepressant drugs and is required for antidepressant-induced behavioral effects J Neurosci 23 2003 349 357
126. P.J. Schwartz, N.E. Rosenthal, E.H. Turner, C.L. Drake, V. Liberty, and T.A. Wehr Seasonal variation in core temperature regulation during sleep in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder Biol Psychiatry 42 1997 122 131
127. H. Shen, and K. Semba A direct retinal projection to the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat Brain Res 635 1994 159 168
128. O. Shido, N. Sugimoto, S. Sakurada, Y. Kaneko, and T. Nagasaka Body core temperature of rats subjected to daily exercise limited to a fixed time Int J Biometeorol 40 1997 135 140
129. M. Sieber-Blum, V. Szeder, and M. Grim The role of NT-3 signaling in Merkel cell development Prog Brain Res 146 2004 63 72
130. K.L. Simpson, T.M. Fisher, B.D. Waterhouse, and R.C. Lin Projection patterns from the raphe nuclear complex to the ependymal wall of the ventricular system in the rat J Comp Neurol 399 1998 61 72
131. L.I. Sinclair, D.M. Christmas, S.D. Hood, J.P. Potokar, A. Robertson, and A. Isaac Antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome: Systematic review Br J Psychiatry 194 2009 483 490
132. J.P. Smith, and G.C. Smith Long-term economic costs of psychological problems during childhood Soc Sci Med 71 2010 110 115
133. E. Souetre, E. Salvati, T.A. Wehr, D.A. Sack, B. Krebs, and G. Darcourt Twenty-four-hour profiles of body temperature and plasma TSH in bipolar patients during depression and during remission and in normal control subjects Am J Psychiatry 145 1988 1133 1137
134. D.R. Staub, A.K. Evans, and C.A. Lowry Evidence supporting a role for corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 (CRF(2)) receptors in the regulation of subpopulations of serotonergic neurons Brain Res 1070 2006 77 89
135. D.R. Staub, F. Spiga, and C.A. Lowry Urocortin 2 increases c-Fos expression in topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus Brain Res 1044 2005 176 189
136. N. Sugimoto, O. Shido, S. Sakurada, S. Ito, and T. Nagasaka Changes in core temperature and thermoeffector thresholds in exercise-trained rats Jpn J Physiol 48 1998 163 166
137. M. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe, Y. Oyama, A. Mizuno, E. Kusano, and A. Hirao Localization of mechanosensitive channel TRPV4 in mouse skin Neurosci Lett 353 2003 189 192
138. M.P. Szuba, B.H. Guze, and L.R. Baxter Jr. Electroconvulsive therapy increases circadian amplitude and lowers core body temperature in depressed subjects Biol Psychiatry 42 1997 1130 1137
139. E. Taber Pierce, W.E. Foote, and J.A. Hobson The efferent connection of the nucleus raphe dorsalis Brain Res 107 1976 137 144
140. T. Tachibana, M. Endoh, N. Fujiwara, and T. Nawa Receptors and transporter for serotonin in Merkel cell-nerve endings in the rat sinus hair follicle. An immunohistochemical study Arch Histol Cytol 68 2005 19 28
141. K. Ushijima, T. Morikawa, H. To, S. Higuchi, and S. Ohdo Chronobiological disturbances with hyperthermia and hypercortisolism induced by chronic mild stress in rats Behav Brain Res 173 2006 326 330
142. K.G. Usunoff, D.E. Itzev, A. Rolfs, O. Schmitt, and A. Wree Brain stem afferent connections of the amygdala in the rat with special references to a projection from the parabigeminal nucleus: a fluorescent retrograde tracing study Anat Embryol (Berl) 211 2006 475 496
143. E.J. Van Bockstaele, A. Biswas, and V.M. Pickel Topography of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that send axon collaterals to the rat prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens Brain Res 624 1993 188 198
144. E.J. Van Someren Mechanisms and functions of coupling between sleep and temperature rhythms Prog Brain Res 153 2006 309 324
145. D.J. Walther, J.U. Peter, S. Bashammakh, H. Hortnagl, M. Voits, and H. Fink Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform Science 299 2003 76
146. N.G. Ward, and H.O. Doerr Skin conductance. A potentially sensitive and specific marker for depression J Nerv Ment Dis 174 1986 553 559
147. N.G. Ward, H.O. Doerr, and M.C. Storrie Skin conductance: A potentially sensitive test for depression Psychiatry Res 10 1983 295 302
148. B.D. Waterhouse, B. Border, L. Wahl, and G.A. Mihailoff Topographic organization of rat locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei: Distribution of cells projecting to visual system structures J Comp Neurol 336 1993 345 361
149. B.D. Waterhouse, G.A. Mihailoff, J.C. Baack, and D.J. Woodward Topographical distribution of dorsal and median raphe neurons projecting to motor, sensorimotor, and visual cortical areas in the rat J Comp Neurol 249 1986 460 481
150. J.M. Wyss, L.W. Swanson, and W.M. Cowan A study of subcortical afferents to the hippocampal formation in the rat Neuroscience 4 1979 463 476
151. N. Yee, K. Plassmann, and E. Fuchs Juvenile stress impairs body temperature regulation and augments anticipatory stress-induced hyperthermia responses in rats Physiol Behav 104 2011 408 416
152. M. Zhang, and C.A. Nurse Does endogenous 5-HT mediate spontaneous rhythmic activity in chemoreceptor clusters of rat carotid body? Brain Res 872 2000 199 203
153. M. Zhang, I.M. Fearon, H. Zhong, and C.A. Nurse Presynaptic modulation of rat arterial chemoreceptor function by 5-HT: Role of K+ channel inhibition via protein kinase C J Physiol 551 2003 825 842
154. X. Zhang, R.R. Gainetdinov, J.M. Beaulieu, T.D. Sotnikova, L.H. Burch, and R.B. Williams Loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression Neuron 45 2005 11 16
155. P. Zill, T.C. Baghai, P. Zwanzger, C. Schule, D. Eser, and R. Rupprecht SNP and haplotype analysis of a novel tryptophan hydroxylase isoform (TPH2) gene provide evidence for association with major depression Mol Psychiatry 9 2004 1030 1036