Chemoprevention of colon cancer by iNOS-selective inhibitors

Forum on Immunopathological Diseases and Therapeutics

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 155-167

  Janakiram, Naveena B ^a   Rao, Chinthalapally V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Chemoprevention; Colorectal cancer; iNOS selective inhibitors; Nitric oxide

Indexed keywords

1,4 PHENYLENE BIS(1,2 ETHANEDIYL)BIS ISOTHIOUREA; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CELECOXIB; CURCUMIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; EBSELEN; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE SELECTIVE INHIBITOR; N 3 [(AMINOMETHYL)BENZYL]ACETAMIDINE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; N6 IMINOETHYL LYSINE TETRAZOLEAMIDE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; PROSTAGLANDIN; TROLOX C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL INVASION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; COLON CANCER; CONFERENCE PAPER; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DRUG POTENTIATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IN VITRO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR CELL;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84872299304     PISSN: 21518017     EISSN: 21518025     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2012006186     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

1. Gochman E, Mahajna J, Shenzer P, Dahan A, Blatt A, Elyakim R, Reznick A. The expression of iNOS and nitrotyrosine in colitis and colon cancer in humans. Acta Histochem. 2012;114:827-835.
2. Forstermann U, Kleinert H, Gath I, Schwarz P, Closs E, Dun N. Expression and expressional control of nitric oxide synthases in various cell types. Adv Pharmacol. 1995;34:171-186.
3. Gath I, Closs E, Godtel-Armbrust U, Schmitt S, Nakane M, Wessler I, Forstermann U. Inducible NO synthase II and neuronal NO synthase I are constitutively expressed in different structures of guinea pig skeletal muscle: implications for contractile function. FASEB J. 1996;10:1614-1620. (Pubitemid 27043778)
4. Mungrue I, Bredt D, Stewart D, Husain M. From molecules to mammals: what's NOS got to do with it? Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;179:123-135. (Pubitemid 37249246)
5. Cho H, Xie Q, Calaycay J, Mumford R, Swiderek K, Lee T, Nathan C. Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages. J Exp Med. 1992;176:599-604.
6. Radomski M, Jenkins D, Holmes L, Moncada S. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: differential nitric oxide synthesis determines their ability to aggregate platelets. Cancer Res. 1991;51:6073-6078.
7. Takahashi M, Fukuda K, Ohata T, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Increased expression of inducible and endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthases in rat colon tumors induced by azoxymethane. Cancer Res. 1997;57:1233-1237. (Pubitemid 27152542)
8. Rao C, Kawamori T, Hamid R, Reddy B. Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-selective inhibitor. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20:641-644. (Pubitemid 29151301)
9. Rao C, Malisetty V, Cooma I, Reddy B. Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyps and carcinomas by iNOS and COX-2 selective inhibitors administered individually, and in combination in Apcmin mice model. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2002;43:Abstract 670.
10. Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Unfried G, Czerwenka K, Weninger W, Mildner M, Gruber DM, Sator MO, Waldhor T, Huber JC. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human breast cancer depends on tumor grade. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999;56:145-151. (Pubitemid 29494832)
11. De Paepe B, Verstraeten VLRM, De Potter CR, Bullock GR. Increased angiotensin II type-2 receptor density in hyperplasia, DCIS and invasive carcinoma of the breast is paralleled with increased iNOS expression. Histochem Cell Biol. 2002;117:13-19. (Pubitemid 34507530)
12. Aaltomaa SH, Lipponen PK, Kosma V-M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and its prognostic value in prostate cancer. Anticancer Res. 2001;21:3101-3106. (Pubitemid 33051183)
13. Uotila P, Valve E, Martikainen P, Nevalainen M, Nurmi M, Harkonen P. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2 in human prostate cancer. Urol Res. 2001;29:23-28.
14. Aaltomaa SH, Lipponen PK, Viitanen J, Kankkunen J-P, Ala-Opas MY, Kosma V-M. The prognostic value of inducible nitric oxide synthase in local prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2000;86:234-239. (Pubitemid 30621223)
15. Klotz T, Bloch W, Volberg C, Engelmann U, Addicks K. Selective expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1998;82:1897-1903. (Pubitemid 28208645)
16. Baltaci S, Orhan D, Gogus C, Turkolmez K, Tulunay O, Gogus O. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia, low- and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma. BJU Int. 2001;88:100-103.
17. Swana HS, Smith SD, Perrotta PL, Saito N, Wheeler MA, Weiss RM. Inducible nitric oxide synthase with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 1999;161:630-634.
18. Hayashi H, Kuwahara M, Fujisaki N, Furihata M, Ohtsuki Y, Kagawa S. Immunohistochemical findings of nitric oxide synthase expression in urothelial transitional cell carcinoma including dysplasia. Oncol Rep. 2001;8:1275-1279. (Pubitemid 33758729)
19. Wolf H, Haeckel C, Roessner A. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human urinary bladder cancer. Virchows Arch. 2000;437:662-666. (Pubitemid 32003098)
20. Klotz T, Bloch W, Jacobs G, Niggemann S, Engelmann U, Addicks K. Immunolocalization of inducible and constitutive nitric oxide synthases in human bladder cancer. Urology. 1999;54:416-419. (Pubitemid 29407012)
21. Lee BM, Kim HS, Jeohn GH. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA is upregulated in skin tumors of v-ha-ras transgenic TG-AC mice treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000;23:826-829. (Pubitemid 30484379)
22. Wilson KT, Fu S, Ramanujam KS, Meltzer SJ. Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res. 1998;58:2929-2934. (Pubitemid 28335064)
23. Ekmekcioglu S, Ellerhorst J, Smid CM, Prieto VG, Munsell M, Buzaid AC, Grimm EA. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in human metastatic melanoma tumors correlate with poor survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:4768-4775. (Pubitemid 32110418)
24. Tschugguel W, Pustelnik T, Lass H, Mildner M, Weninger W, Schneeberger C, Jansen B, Tschachler E, Waldhör T, Huber JC, Pehamberger H. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression may predict distant metastasis in human melanoma. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:1609-1612. (Pubitemid 29116828)
25. Salvucci O, Carsana M, Bersani I, Tragni G, Anichini A. Antiapoptotic role of endogenous nitric oxide in human melanoma cells. Cancer Res. 2001;61:318-326. (Pubitemid 32095733)
26. Brennan PA, Conroy B, Spedding AV. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and p53 in oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:624-629.
27. Guslandi M. Nitric oxide in ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 1993;341:905-906.
28. Miller MJ, Sandoval M. Nitric oxide. III. A molecular prelude to intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:G795-G799. (Pubitemid 29214090)
29. Kankuri E, Vaali K, Knowles R, Hde M, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H, Moilanen E. Suppression of acute experimental colitis by a highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor, N-[3-(Aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001; 298:1128-1132. (Pubitemid 32761929)
30. Roberts P, Riley G, Morgan K, Miller R, Hunter J, Middleton S. The physiological expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the human colon. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54:293-297. (Pubitemid 32270012)
31. Ambs S, Merriam W, Bennett W, Felley-Bosco E, Ogunfusika M, Oser S, Klein S, Shields P, Billiar T, Harris C. Frequent nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in human colon adenomas: Implication for tumor angiogenesis and colon cancer progression. Cancer Res. 1998;58:334-341. (Pubitemid 28047076)
32. Cianchi F, Cortesini C, Fantappie O, Messerini L. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human colorectal cancer. Am J Pathol. 2003;162:793-801.
33. Lala P, Chekraborty C. Role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Lancet Oncol. 2001;3:149-152.
34. Rao C, Kawamori T, Hamid R, Simi B, Gambrell B, Reddy B. Chemoprevention of colon cancer by iNOS specific and non-specific inhibitors: a safer colon cancer chemopreventive strategy. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 1998;39:Abstract 197.
35. Jaiswal M, LaRusso N, Burgart L, Gores G. Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in colonic carcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res. 2000;60:184-189.
36. Kroncke K, Fehsel K, Kolb-Bachofen V. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in human diseases Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;113:147-156. (Pubitemid 28352831)
37. Wink D, Vodovotz Y, Laval J, Laval F, Dewhirst M, Mitchell J. The multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19:711-721. (Pubitemid 28376759)
38. Liu R, Hotchkiss J. Potential genotoxicity of chronically elevated nitric oxide: a review. Mutat Res. 1995;339:73-89.
39. Chazotte-Aubert L, Hainaut P, Ohshima H. Nitric oxide nitrates tyrosine residues of tumor suppressor p53 protein in MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophy Res Commun. 2000;267:609-613. (Pubitemid 30076846)
40. Forrester K, Ambs S, Lupold S, Kapust R, Spillare EA, Weinberg W, Felley-Bosco E, Wang X, Geller D, Tzeng E, Billiar T, Harris C. Nitric oxide-induced p53 accumulation and regulation of iNOS expression by wildtype p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:2442-2447. (Pubitemid 26104369)
41. Wink D, Kasprzak K, Maragosd C, Elespru R, Misra M, Dunams T, Cebula T, Koch W, Andrews A, Aleen J, Keefer L. DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors. Science. 1991;254:1001-1103.
42. Li J, Billiar T, Talanian R, Kim Y. Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;240:419-424. (Pubitemid 27523676)
43. Lyons C, Orloff G, Cunningham J. Molecular cloning and functional expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a murine macrophage cell line. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:6370-6374.
44. Duffield J. The inflammatory macrophage: a story of Jekyll and Hyde. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003;104:27-38. (Pubitemid 36249921)
45. Nussler A, DiSilvio M, Billiar T, Hoffman R, Geller D, Selby R, Madariaga J, Simmons R. Stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway in human hepatocytes by cytokines and endotoxin. J Exp Med. 1992;176:261-264.
46. Starke G, Kerr I, Williams B, Silverman R, Schreiber R. How cells respond to interferons. Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:227-264. (Pubitemid 28411130)
47. Thomas D, Espey M, Ridnour L, Hofseth L, Mancardi D, Harris C, Wink D. Hypoxic inducible factor 1alpha, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p53 are regulated by distinct threshold concentrations of nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8894-8899. (Pubitemid 38781582)
48. Hofseth L, Saito S, Hussain S, Espey M, Miranda K, Araki Y, Jhappan C, Higashimoto Y, He P, Linke S, Quezado M, Zurer I, Rotter V, Wink D, Appella E, Harris C. Nitric oxide-induced cellular stress and p53 activation in chronic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:143-148. (Pubitemid 36078042)
49. Wang C, Trudel L, Wogan G, Deen W. Thresholds of nitric oxidemediated toxicity in human lymphoblastoid cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003;16:1004-1013. (Pubitemid 37047918)
50. Suzuki T, Inukai M. Effects of nitrite and nitrate on DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006;19:457-462.
51. d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Manini P, Panzella L. Secondary targets of nitrite-derived reactive nitrogen species: nitrosation/nitration pathways, antioxidant defense mechanisms and toxicological implications. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011;24:2071-2092.
52. Marshall H, Merchant K, Stamler J. Nitrosation and oxidation in the regulation of gene expression. FASEB J. 2000;14:1889-1900.
53. Bogdan C. Nitric oxide and the regulation of gene expression. Trends Cell Biol. 2001;11:66-75. (Pubitemid 32144753)
54. Pfeilschifter J, Eberhardt W, Beck K. Regulation of gene expression by nitric oxide. Pflügers Archiv Eur J Physiol. 2001;442:479-486. (Pubitemid 32673312)
55. Lefer D, Jones S, Girod W, Baines A, Grisham M, Cockrell A, Huang P, Scalia R. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:H1943-H1950. (Pubitemid 29323478)
56. Hickey M, Sharkey K, Sihota E, Reinhardt P, Macmicking J, Nathan C, Kubes P. Inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice have enhanced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in endotoxemia. FASEB J. 1997;11:955-964. (Pubitemid 27425897)
57. Cooper A, Pearl J, Brooks J, Ehlers S, Orme I. Expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 gene is not essential for early control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the murine lung. Infect Immun. 2000;68:6879-6882. (Pubitemid 32463397)
58. Saeftel M, Fleischer B, Hoerauf A. Stage-dependent role of nitric oxide in control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infect Immun. 2001;69:2252-2259. (Pubitemid 32239692)
59. Bogdan C. The function of nitric oxide in the immune system. In: Mayer B (ed). Nitric Oxide (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology). Heidelberg: Springer; 2000. p. 443-492.
60. Jimenez J, Gonzalez-Nicolas J, Alvarez S, Fresno M, Munoz-Fernandez M. Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human T lymphocytes by nitric oxide. J Virol. 2001;75:4655-4663. (Pubitemid 32381507)
61. Nabeshima S, Nomoto M, Matsuzaki G, Kishihara K, Taniquchi H, Yoshida S, Nomoto K. T cell hyporesponsiveness induced by activated macrophages through nitric oxide production in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 1999;67:3221-3226. (Pubitemid 29291484)
62. Akaike T, Fujii S, Kato A, Yoshitake J, Miyamoto Y, Sawa T, Okamoto S, Suga M, Asakawa M, Nagai Y, Maeda H. Viral mutation accelerated by nitric oxide production during infection in vivo. FASEB J. 2000;14:1447-1454. (Pubitemid 30439754)
63. Oshima M, Dinchuk J, Kargman S, Oshima H, Hancock B, Kwong E, Trzaskos J, Evans J, Taketo M. Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc delta716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Cell. 1996;87:803-809. (Pubitemid 26404280)
64. Eberhart C, Coffey R, Radhika A, Giardiello F, Ferrenbach S, DuBois R. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:1183-1188. (Pubitemid 24294584)
65. Sinicrope F, Gill S. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2004;23:63-75. (Pubitemid 38221596)
66. Williams C, Tsujii M, Reese J, Dey S, DuBois R. Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth. J Clin Invest. 2000;105:1589-1594. (Pubitemid 30390309)
67. Salvemini D, Misko T, Masferrer J, Seibert K, Currie M, Nelson N, Needleman P. Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:7240-7244. (Pubitemid 23222425)
68. Tetsuka T, Iken D, Miler B, Guan Z, Baier L. Morrison, AR. Nitric oxide amplifies interleukin 1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat mesangial cells. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2051-2055.
69. Mei J, Hord N, Winterstein D, Donald S, Phang J. Expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 induced by nitric oxide in conditionally immortalized murine colonic epithelial cells. FASEB J. 2000;14:1188-1192.
70. Marnett L, Wright T, Crews B, Tannenbaum S, Morrow J. Regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by nitric oxide is revealed by targeted deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:13421-13427.
71. Salvemini D, Settle S, Masferrer J, Seibert K, Currie M, Needleman P. Regulation of prostaglandin production by nitric oxide: an in vivo analysis. Br J Pharmacol. 1995;114:1171-1178.
72. Marnett L, Rowlinson S, Goodwin D, Kalgutkar A, Lanzo C. Arachidonic acid oxygenation by COX-1 and COX-2. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:22903-22906.
73. O'Donell V, Coles B, Lewis M, Crews B, Marnett L, Freeman B. Catalytic consumption of nitric oxide by prostaglandin H synthase regulates platelet function. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:38239-38243.
74. Hajjar D, Lander H, Frieda S, Pearce A. Nitric oxide enhances prostaglandin-H-synthase-1 activity by a heme-independent mechanism: evidence implication nitrosothiols. J Am Chem Soc. 1995;117:3340-3346.
75. Corbett J, Kwon G, Turk J, McDaniel M. IL-1B induces the coexpression of both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase by islets of Langerhans: activation of cyclooxygenase by nitric oxide. Biochemistry. 1993;32:13767-13770.
76. Salvemini D, Currie M, Mollace V. Nitric oxide-mediated cyclooxygenase activation: a key event in the antiplatelet effects of nitrovasodilators. J Clin Inv. 1996;97:2562-2568. (Pubitemid 26191120)
77. Nogawa S, Forster C, Zhang F, Nagayama M, Ross M, Iadecola C. Interaction between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxy-genase- 2 after cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:10966-10971.
78. Marnett L, Wright T, Crews B, Tannenbaum S, Morrow J. Regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by nitric oxide is revealed by targeted deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:13421-13427.
79. Rao C, Cooma I, Swamy M, Simi B, Reddy B. Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activities by curcumin during different stages of experimental colon carcinogenesis. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2001;39:Abstract 3084.
80. Rao CV. Nitric oxide signaling in colon cancer chemoprevention. Mutat Res. 2004;555:107-119. (Pubitemid 39345400)
81. Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois R. Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells. Cell. 1998;93:705-716. (Pubitemid 28257578)
82. Jaiswal M, LaRusso N, Burgart L, Gores G. Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in cholangiocarcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res. 2000;60:184-190. (Pubitemid 30058750)
83. Marnett LJ. Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21:361-370. (Pubitemid 30137921)
84. Liu Y, Borchert G, Phang J. PEA3, an Ets transcription factor, mediates the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by nitric oxide in colorectal cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:18694-18700. (Pubitemid 38623293)
85. Ahn B, Ohshima H. Suppression of intestinal polyposis in ApcMin/+ mice by inhibiting nitric oxide production. Cancer Res. 2001;61:8357-8360. (Pubitemid 33131104)
86. Nam K, Oh S, Ahn B, Kim Y, Jang D, Yang K, Hahm K, Kim D. Decreased Helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Gut. 2004;53:1250-1255. (Pubitemid 39120106)
87. Rao C, Indranie C, Simi B, Manning P, Connor J, Reddy B. Chemopreventive properties of a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in colon carcinogenesis, administered alone or in combination with celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Cancer Res. 2002;62:165-170. (Pubitemid 34074001)
88. Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Ravillah D, Choi CI, Zhang Y, Desai D, Amin S, Rao CV. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats by Se,Se′-1,4-phenylenebis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isoselenourea (PBISe) a novel analog of PBIT, an iNOS inhibitor. Cancer Prev Res. 2010;3(suppl 1):A35.
89. Rao C, Guruswamy S, Patlolla J, Janakiram N and Malisetty V. Chemoprevention of colon cancer by PBIT, an iNOS-selective inhibitor, administered alone or in combination with low-doses of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Cancer Prev Res. 2010;3(1 suppl):A53.
90. Janakiram N, Swamy M, Patlolla J, Guruswamy S, Rao C. A selective iNOS inhibitor N6-iminoethyl-lysine tetrazoleamide (NILT), suppress invasive colonic cancers and improves preventive efficacy of low-dose COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib in F344 rats. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2010;70:Abstract 954.
91. Thomson L, Scott J, Topley P, Knowles R, Keerie A, Frend A. Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibits tumor growth in vivo: studies with 1400W, a novel inhibitor. Cancer Res. 1997;57:3300-3305.
92. Kawamori T, Takahashi M, Watanabe K, Ohta T, Nakatsugi S, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Cancer Lett. 2000;148:33-37.
93. Jenkins D, Charles I, Thomsen L, Moss D, Holmes L, Baylis A, Rhodes P, Westmore K, Emson P, Moncada S. Roles of nitric oxide in tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:4392-4396.
94. Thomas K, Geller D, Billiar T, Davies M, Pitt B, Simmons R, Nakayama D. Antisense oligonucleotide to inducible nitric oxide synthases inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture. Surgery. 1993;114:272-277. (Pubitemid 23243340)
95. Arteel G, Briviba K, Seis H. Function of thioredoxin reductase as a peroxynitrite reductase using selenocysteine or ebselen. Chem Res Toxicol. 1999;12:264-269. (Pubitemid 29136453)
96. Faulkner K, Liochev S, Fridovich I. Stable Mn(II)-porphyrins mimic superoxide dismutase in vitro and substitute for it in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:23471-23476. (Pubitemid 24293545)
97. Gulati A, Bavre A, Sen A. Pharmacology of hemoglobin therapeutics. J Lab Clin Med. 1999;133:112-119. (Pubitemid 29073234)
98. Erdman S, Rao V, Poutahidis T, Rogers A, Taylor C, Jackson E, Ge Z, Lee C, Schauer D, Wogan G, Tannenbaum S, Fox J. Nitric oxide and TNF-α trigger colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis in Helicobacter hepaticus-infected, Rag2-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:1027-1032.