Dietary N-nitroso compounds, endogenous nitrosation, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 97, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 135-146

  Keszei, András P ^a   Goldbohm, R Alexandra ^b   Schouten, Leo J ^a   Jakszyn, Paula ^c   Van Den Brandt, Piet A ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

^c CATALAN INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; CHLOROPHYLL; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; HEME; IRON; NITRATE; NITRITE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CARDIA CARCINOMA; COHORT ANALYSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA; ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; FEMALE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; GASTRIC CARDIA ADENOCARCINOMA; GASTRIC NONCARDIA ADENOCARCINOMA; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NETHERLANDS; NITROSATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; STOMACH ADENOCARCINOMA; STOMACH CANCER; VITAMIN INTAKE;

AGED; ASCORBIC ACID; CHLOROPHYLL; DIET; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; IRON, DIETARY; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NETHERLANDS; NITRATES; NITRITES; NITROSATION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; STOMACH NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84872010987     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.043885     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Tricker AR. N-nitroso compounds and man: sources of exposure, endogenous formation and occurrence in body fluids. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:226-68.
2. Mirvish SS. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett 1995; 93:17-48.
3. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity to humans. IARC monographs. Vol. 1-82. Lyon, France: IARC.
4. Cross AJ, Pollock JR, Bingham SA. Haem, not protein or inorganic iron, is responsible for endogenous intestinal N-nitrosation arising from red meat. Cancer Res 2003;63:2358-60.
5. de Vogel J, Jonker-Termont DS, van Lieshout EM, Katan MB, van der Meer R. Green vegetables, red meat and colon cancer: chlorophyll prevents the cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects of haem in rat colon. Carcinogenesis 2005;26:387-93.
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Ingested nitrate and nitrite, and cyanobacterial peptide toxins. Vol 94. Lyon, France: IARC, 2010.
7. Jakszyn P, Gonzalez CA. Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:4296-303.
8. Jakszyn P, Bingham S, Pera G, Agudo A, Luben R, Welch A, Boeing H, Del Giudice G, Palli D, Saieva C, et al. Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:1497-501.
9. Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Processed meat consumption, dietary nitrosamines and stomach cancer risk in a cohort of Swedish women. Int J Cancer 2006;119:915-9.
10. Loh YH, Jakszyn P, Luben RN, Mulligan AA, Mitrou PN, Khaw KT. N-Nitroso compounds and cancer incidence: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:1053-61.
11. Stephany RW, Schuller PL. Daily dietary intakes of nitrate, nitrite and volative N-nitrosamines in the Netherlands using the duplicate portion sampling technique. Oncology 1980;37:203-10.
12. Tricker AR, Preussmann R. Volatile and nonvolatile nitrosamines in beer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991;117:130-2.
13. van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, van 't Veer P, Volovics A, Hermus RJ, Sturmans F. A large-scale prospective cohort study on diet and cancer in the Netherlands. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:285-95.
14. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika 1986;73:1-11.
15. Van den Brandt PA, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, Hunen PM. Development of a record linkage protocol for use in the Dutch Cancer Registry for Epidemiological Research. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:553-8.
16. Schouten LJ, Hoppener P, van den Brandt PA, Knottnerus JA, Jager JJ. Completeness of cancer registration in Limburg, the Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:369-76.
17. World Health Organization. International classification of diseases for oncology. 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2000.
18. Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA, Brants HA, van't Veer P, Al M, Sturmans F, Hermus RJ. Validation of a dietary questionnaire used in a large-scale prospective cohort study on diet and cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994;48:253-65.
19. Cornee J, Lairon D, Velema J, Guyader M, Berthezene P. An estimate of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitrosodimethylamine concentrations in French food-products or food groups. Sci Aliments 1992;12:155-97.
20. Jakszyn P, Agudo A, Ibanez R, Garcia-Closas R, Pera G, Amiano P, Gonzalez CA. Development of a food database of nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Nutr 2004;134:2011-4.
21. Osterdahl BG. Volatile nitrosamines in foods on the Swedish market and estimation of their daily intake. Food Addit Contam 1988;5:587-95.
22. Tricker AR, Pfundstein B, Theobald E, Preussmann R, Spiegelhalder B. Mean daily intake of volatile N-nitrosamines from foods and beverages in West Germany in 1989-1990. Food Chem Toxicol 1991;29:729-32.
23. van Loon AJ, Botterweck AA, Goldbohm RA, Brants HA, van Klaveren JD, van den Brandt PA. Intake of nitrate and nitrite and the risk of gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer 1998;78:129-35.
24. Driessen JJM. Nitraat en nitrietgehalte van een aantal rauwe en toebereide groenten. (Nitrate and nitrite content of a number of raw and cooked vegetables.) Wageningen, Netherlands: State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT), 1989 (in Dutch).
25. van de Worp HHM. Onderzoek naar de gehalte aan nitraat en nitriet in een aantal wintergroenten. (Examination of the nitrate and nitrite content of various winter vegetables.) Wageningen, Netherlands: State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT), 1987 (in Dutch).
26. Ellen G, Egmond E, Sahertian ET. Volatile N-nitrosamines and nitrite in cured meats. RIVM Report no. 648305001, 1984 (in Dutch). Bilthoven, Netherlands: The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
27. NEVO-tabel: Nederlands voedingsstoffenbestand 1986-1987. (Nevotable: Dutch food composition table 1986-1987.) The Hague, Netherlands: Voorlichtingsbureau voor de voeding, 1986 (in Dutch).
28. Balder HF, Vogel J, Jansen MC, Weijenberg MP, van den Brandt PA, Westenbrink S, van der Meer R, Goldbohm RA. Heme and chlorophyll intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the Netherlands cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:717-25.
29. Bingham SA, Hughes R, Cross AJ. Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N-nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response. J Nutr 2002;132:3522S-5S.
30. Bingham SA, Pignatelli B, Pollock JR, Ellul A, Malaveille C, Gross G, Runswick S, Cummings JH, O'Neill IK. Does increased endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the human colon explain the association between red meat and colon cancer? Carcinogenesis 1996;17:515-23.
31. Hughes R, Cross AJ, Pollock JR, Bingham S. Dose-dependent effect of dietary meat on endogenous colonic N-nitrosation. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:199-202.
32. Silvester KR, Bingham SA, Pollock JR, Cummings JH, O'Neill IK. Effect of meat and resistant starch on fecal excretion of apparent N-nitroso compounds and ammonia from the human large bowel. Nutr Cancer 1997;29:13-23.
33. Lin DY, Wei LJ. The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model. J Am Stat Assoc 1989;84:1074-8.
34. Schoenfeld D. Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model. Biometrika 1982;69:239-41.
35. Cleves MA, Gould WW, Gutierrez RG, Marchenko YU. An introduction to survival analysis using Stata. 2nd ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 2008.
36. Rogers MA, Vaughan TL, Davis S, Thomas DB. Consumption of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosodimethylamine and the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:29-36.
37. Cross AJ, Freedman ND, Ren J, Ward MH, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Sinha R, Abnet CC. Meat consumption and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a large prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:432-42.
38. Mayne ST, Risch HA, Dubrow R, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Farrow DC, Schoenberg JB, Stanford JL, Ahsan H, et al. Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:1055-62.
39. Keszei AP, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Red and processed meat consumption and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Ann Oncol 2012;23:2319-26.
40. Lee DH, Anderson KE, Folsom AR, Jacobs DR Jr. Heme iron, zinc and upper digestive tract cancer: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Int J Cancer 2005;117:643-7.
41. O'Doherty MG, Abnet CC, Murray LJ, Woodside JV, Anderson LA, Brockman JD, Cantwell MM. Iron intake and markers of iron status and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2010;21:2269-79.
42. Ward MH, Cross AJ, Abnet CC, Sinha R, Markin RS, Weisenburger DD. Heme iron from meat and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and stomach. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012;21:134-8.
43. De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Mendilaharsu M, Carzoglio J, Deneo-Pellegrini H. Dietary nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Nutr Cancer 1998;30:158-62.
44. González CA, Riboli E, Badosa J, Batiste E, Cardona T, Pita S, Sanz JM, Torrent M, Agudo A. Nutritional factors and gastric cancer in Spain. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:466-73.
45. La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B, Airoldi L, Braga C, Decarli A. Nitrosamine intake and gastric cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:469-74.
46. Pobel D, Riboli E, Cornee J, Hemon B, Guyader M. Nitrosamine, nitrate and nitrite in relation to gastric cancer: a case-control study in Marseille, France. Eur J Epidemiol 1995;11:67-73.
47. Risch HA, Jain M, Choi NW, Fodor JG, Pfeiffer CJ, Howe GR, Harrison LW, Craib KJ, Miller AB. Dietary factors and the incidence of cancer of the stomach. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:947-59.
48. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Dich J, Hakulinen T. Risk of colorectal and other gastro-intestinal cancers after exposure to nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds: a follow-up study. Int J Cancer 1999;80:852-6.
49. Hernández-Ramirez RU, Galvan-Portillo MV, Ward MH, Agudo A, Gonzalez CA, Onate-Ocana LF, Herrera-Goepfert R, Palma-Coca O, Lopez-Carrillo L. Dietary intake of polyphenols, nitrate and nitrite and gastric cancer risk in Mexico City. Int J Cancer 2009;125:1424-30.
50. Hotchkiss JH. Preformed N-nitroso compounds in foods and beverages. Cancer Surv 1989;8:295-321.
51. Ellen G, Egmond E, Van Loon JW, Sahertian ET, Tolsma K. Dietary intakes of some essential and non-essential trace elements, nitrate, nitrite and N-nitrosamines, by Dutch adults: estimated via a 24-hour duplicate portion study. Food Addit Contam 1990;7:207-21.
52. Steevens J, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and risk of subtypes of oesophageal and gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study. Gut 2010;59:39-48.
53. Mirvish SS. Effects of vitamins C and E on N-nitroso compound formation, carcinogenesis, and cancer. Cancer 1986;58:1842-50.
54. Buiatti E, Palli D, Decarli A, Amadori D, Avellini C, Bianchi S, Bonaguri C, Cipriani F, Cocco P, Giacosa A, et al. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy: II. Association with nutrients. Int J Cancer 1990;45:896-901.
55. Simonich MT, McQuistan T, Jubert C, Pereira C, Hendricks JD, Schimerlik M, Zhu B, Dashwood RH, Williams DE, Bailey GS. Low-dose dietary chlorophyll inhibits multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rainbow trout. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46:1014-24.
56. Taylor DN, Blaser MJ. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:42-59.