Herpesviruses and cancer

Current Cancer Research

Volumn 8, Issue , 2012, Pages 133-167

  Everly, David ^a   Sharma Walia, Neelam ^a   Sadagopan, Sathish ^a   Chandran, Bala ^a  

^a ROSALIND FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENIC FACTOR; CYTOKINE; MICRORNA;

AGGRESSIVE NK CELL LEUKEMIA; ANGIOFOLLICULAR LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA; ARTICLE; CARCINOGENESIS; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HERPES VIRUS; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LEIOMYOSARCOMA; MAREK DISEASE; NASOPHARYNX CARCINOMA; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OPEN READING FRAME; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STOMACH CARCINOMA;

EID: 84870765803     PISSN: 09400745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0016-5_7     Document Type: Article

References (204)

1. Ablashi DV, Chatlynne LG, Whitman JE Jr, Cesarman E (2002). Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8, diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 15:439-464
2. Akula SM, Wang FZ, Vieira J, Chandran B (2001). Human herpesvirus 8 interaction with target cells involves heparan sulfate. Virology 282:245-255
3. Ambinder RF (2001). Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferations in the AIDS setting. Eur J Cancer 37:1209-1216
4. An J, Sun Y, Sun R, Rettig MB (2003). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encoded vFLIP induces cellular IL-6 expression: the role of the NF-kappaB and JNK/AP1 pathways. Oncogene 22:3371-3385
5. An J, Sun Y, Fisher M, Rettig MB (2004). Antitumor effects of bortezomib (PS-341) on primary effusion lymphomas. Leukemia 18:1699-1704
6. Anagnostopoulos I, Herbst H, Niedobitek G, Stein H (1989). Demonstration of monoclonal EBV genomes in Hodgkin's disease and Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma by combined Southern blot and in situ hybridization. Blood 74:810-816
7. Anderton E, Yee J, Smith P, Crook T, White RE et al (2008). Two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoproteins cooperate to repress expression of the proapoptotic tumour-suppressor Bim: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. Oncogene 27:421-433
8. Armstrong AA, Alexander FE, Cartwright R, Angus B, Krajewski AS et al (1998). Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease: further evidence for the three disease hypothesis. Leukemia 12:1272-1276
9. Asou H, Said JW, Yang R, Munker R, Park DJ et al (1998). Mechanisms of growth control of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus-associated primary effusion lymphoma cells. Blood 91:2475-2481
10. Bargou RC, Emmerich F, Krappmann D, Bommert K, Mapara MY et al (1997). Constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB-RelA activation is required for proliferation and survival of Hodgkin's disease tumor cells. J Clin Invest 100:2961-2969
11. Bellare P, Ganem D (2009). Regulation of KSHV lytic switch protein expression by a virus-encoded microRNA: an evolutionary adaptation that fine-tunes lytic reactivation. Cell Host Microbe 6:570-575
12. Blauvelt A (2001). Skin diseases associated with human herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8 infection. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 6:197-202
13. Bonnet M, Guinebretiere JM, Kremmer E, Grunewald V, Benhamou E et al (1999). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in invasive breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1376-1381
14. Boshoff C, Weiss RA (1997). Aetiology of Kaposi's sarcoma: current understanding and implications for therapy. Mol Med Today 3:488-494
15. Boshoff C, Weiss RA (1998). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Adv Cancer Res 75:57-86
16. Boshoff C, Weiss R (2002). AIDS-related malignancies. Nat Rev Cancer 2:373-382
17. Boshoff C, Schulz TF, Kennedy MM, Graham AK, Fisher C et al (1995). Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus infects endothelial and spindle cells. Nat Med 1:1274-1278
18. Boshoff C, Gao SJ, Healy LE, Matthews S, Thomas AJ et al (1998). Establishing a KSHV+ cell line (BCP-1) from peripheral blood and characterizing its growth in Nod/SCID mice. Blood 91:1671-1679
19. Bubman D, Guasparri I, Cesarman E (2007). Deregulation of c-Myc in primary effusion lymphoma by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen. Oncogene 26:4979-4986
20. Buonaguro FM, Tomesello ML, Buonaguro L, Satriano RA, Ruocco E et al (2003). Kaposi's sarcoma: aetiopathogenesis, histology and clinical features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:138-154
21. Bureau W, Van Slyke P, Jones J, Han RN, Ward NL et al (2006). Chronic systemic delivery of angiopoietin-2 reveals a possible independent angiogenic effect. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291:H948-956
22. Burkitt D (1958). A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children. Br J Surg 46:218-223
23. Cai X, Lu S, Zhang Z, Gonzalez CM, Damania B et al (2005). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus expresses an array of viral microRNAs in latently infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5570-5575
24. Cai X, Schafer A, Lu S, Bilello JP, Desrosiers RC et al (2006). Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and differentially expressed. PLoS Pathog 2:e23
25. Caldwell RG, Brown RC, Longnecker R (2000). Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A-induced B-cell survival in two unique classes of EmuLMP2A transgenic mice. J Virol 74:1101-1113
26. Capello D, Rossi D, Gaidano G (2005). Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: molecular basis of disease histogenesis and pathogenesis. Hematol Oncol 23:61-67
27. Carbone A, Gloghini A (2007). HHV-8-associated lymphoma: state-of-the-art review. Acta Haematol 117:129-131
28. Carbone A, Cesarman E, Spina M, Gloghini A, Schulz TF (2009). HIV-associated lymphomas and gamma-herpesviruses. Blood 113:1213-1224
29. Catley MC, Chivers JE, Cambridge LM, Holden N, Slater DM et al (2003). IL-1beta-dependent activation of NF-kappaB mediates PGE2 release via the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase. FEBS Lett 547:75-79
30. Cesarman E, Moore PS, Rao PH, Inghirami G, Knowles DM et al (1995). In vitro establishment and characterization of two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma cell lines (BC-1 and BC-2) containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) DNA sequences. Blood 86:2708-2714
31. Chadburn A, Cesarman E, Nador RG, Liu YF, Knowles DM (1997). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus sequences in benign lymphoid proliferations not associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Cancer 80:788-797
32. Chandran B (2010). Early events in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection of target cells. J Virol 84:2188-2199
33. Chandriani S, Ganem D (2010). Array-based transcript profiling and limiting-dilution RT-PCR analysis identify additional latent genes in KSHV. J Virol 84:5565-5573
34. Chang H, Wachtman LM, Pearson CB, Lee JS, Lee HR et al (2009). Non-human primate model of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000606
35. Chang Y, Moore PS (1996). Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus and its role in KS. Infect Agents Dis 5:215-222
36. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper J et al (1994). Identification of herpesviruslike DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 266:1865-1869
37. Chang Y, Ziegler J, Wabinga H, Katangole-Mbidde E, Boshoff C et al (1996). Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus and Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. Uganda Kaposi's Sarcoma Study Group. Arch Intern Med 156:202-204
38. Chaudhary PM, Jasmin A, Eby MT, Hood L (1999). Modulation of the NF-kappa B pathway by virally encoded death effector domains-containing proteins. Oncogene 18:5738-5746
39. Chene A, Donati D, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Levitsky V, Chen Q et al (2007). A molecular link between malaria and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. PLoS Pathog 3:e80
40. Cherney BW, Bhatia KG, Sgadari C, Gutierrez MI, Mostowski H et al (1997). Role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the tumorigenicity of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Cancer Res 57:2508-2515
41. Cheung AK, Lung HL, Ko JM, Cheng Y, Stanbridge EJ et al (2009). Chromosome 14 transfer and functional studies identify a candidate tumor suppressor gene, mirror image polydactyly 1, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:14478-14483
42. Chugh P, Matta H, Schamus S, Zachariah S, Kumar A et al (2005). Constitutive NF-kappaB activation, normal Fas-induced apoptosis, and increased incidence of lymphoma in human herpes virus 8 K13 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:12885-12890
43. Clark SC, Kamen R (1987). The human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors. Science 236:1229-1237
44. Cotter MA 2nd, Robertson ES (1999). The latency-associated nuclear antigen tethers the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome to host chromosomes in body cavity-based lymphoma cells. Virology 264:254-264
45. Curran JA, Laverty FS, Campbell D, Macdiarmid J, Wilson JB (2001). Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein-1 induces epithelial cell proliferation and sensitizes transgenic mice to chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 61:6730-6738
46. Dalla-Favera R, Bregni M, Erikson J, Patterson D, Gallo RC et al (1982). Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7824-7827
47. Deacon EM, Pallesen G, Niedobitek G, Crocker J, Brooks L et al (1993). Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease: transcriptional analysis of virus latency in the malignant cells. J Exp Med 177:339-349
48. Dittmer D, Stoddart C, Renne R, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno ME et al (1999). Experimental transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) to SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice. J Exp Med 190:1857-1868
49. Djerbi M, Screpanti V, Catrina AI, Bogen B, Biberfeld P et al (1999). The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. J Exp Med 190:1025-1032
50. Dupin N, Fisher C, Kellam P, Ariad S, Tulliez M et al (1999). Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 latently infected cells in Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:4546-4551
51. Durkop H, Foss HD, Demel G, Klotzbach H, Hahn C et al (1999). Tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated factor 1 is overexpressed in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoid cells. Blood 93:617-623
52. Edwards RH, Sitki-Green D, Moore DT, Raab-Traub N (2004). Potential selection of LMP1 variants in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Virol 78:868-881
53. Eischen CM, Weber JD, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ, Cleveland JL (1999). Disruption of the ARFMdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Genes Dev 13: 2658-2669
54. Ensoli B, Sturzl M (1998). Kaposi's sarcoma: a result of the interplay among inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and viral agents. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 9:63-83
55. Ensoli B, Barillari G, Gallo RC (1992). Cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of AIDSassociated Kaposi's sarcoma. Immunol Rev 127:147-155
56. Ensoli B, Markham P, Kao V, Barillari G, Fiorelli V et al (1994). Block of AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cell growth, angiogenesis, and lesion formation in nude mice by antisense oligonucleotide targeting basic fibroblast growth factor. A novel strategy for the therapy of KS. J Clin Invest 94:1736-1746
57. Epstein MA, Achong BG, Barr YM (1964). Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma. Lancet 1:702-703
58. Epstein MA, Barr YM, Achong BG (1966a). Preliminary observations on new lymphoblast strains (EB4, EB5) from Burkitt tumours in a British and a Ugandan patient. Br J Cancer 20:475-479
59. Epstein MA, Achong BG, Barr YM, Zajac B, Henle G et al (1966b). Morphological and virological investigations on cultured Burkitt tumor lymphoblasts (strain Raji). J Natl Cancer Inst 37:547-559
60. Faris M, Ensoli B, Kokot N, Nel AE (1998). Inflammatory cytokines induce the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) isoforms required for the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma and endothelial cells through the activation of AP-1 response elements in the bFGF promoter. AIDS 12:19-27
61. Fiorelli V, Gendelman R, Sirianni MC, Chang HK, Colombini S et al (1998). gamma-Interferon produced by CD8+ T cells infiltrating Kaposi's sarcoma induces spindle cells with angiogenic phenotype and synergy with human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein: an immune response to human herpesvirus-8 infection? Blood 91:956-967
62. Fujimuro M, Wu FY, ApRhys C, Kajumbula H, Young DB et al (2003). A novel viral mechanism for dysregulation of beta-catenin in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. Nat Med 9:300-306
63. Gaidano G, Cechova K, Chang Y, Moore PS, Knowles DM et al (1996). Establishment of AIDSrelated lymphoma cell lines from lymphomatous effusions. Leukemia 10:1237-1240
64. Ganem D, Ziegelbauer J (2008). MicroRNAs of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Semin Cancer Biol 18:437-440
65. George Paul A, Sharma-Walia N, Kerur N, White C, Chandran B (2010). Piracy of prostaglandin E2/EP receptor-mediated signaling by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (HHV-8) for latency gene expression: strategy of a successful pathogen. Cancer Res 70:3697-3708
66. Godfrey A, Anderson J, Papanastasiou A, Takeuchi Y, Boshoff C (2005). Inhibiting primary effusion lymphoma by lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin RNA. Blood 105:2510-2518
67. Gottschalk S, Rooney CM, Heslop HE (2005). Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Annu Rev Med 56:29-44
68. Gottwein E, Cullen BR (2010). A human herpesvirus microRNA inhibits p21 expression and attenuates p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. J Virol 84:5229-5237
69. Gottwein E, Mukherjee N, Sachse C, Frenzel C, Majoros WH et al (2007). A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155. Nature 450:1096-1099
70. Grisotto MG, Garin A, Martin AP, Jensen KK, Chan P et al (2006). The human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor vGPCR triggers autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 116:1264-1273
71. Gruhne B, Sompallae R, Marescotti D, Kamranvar SA, Gastaldello S et al (2009). The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes genomic instability via induction of reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:2313-2318
72. Guasparri I, Wu H, Cesarman E (2006). The KSHV oncoprotein vFLIP contains a TRAF-interacting motif and requires TRAF2 and TRAF3 for signalling. EMBO Rep 7:114-119
73. Gulley ML, Chen CL, Raab-Traub N (1993). Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphomagenesis in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Hematol Oncol 11:139-145
74. Guo HG, Pati S, Sadowska M, Charurat M, Reitz M (2004). Tumorigenesis by human herpesvirus 8 vGPCR is accelerated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat. J Virol 78:9336-9342
75. Gutensohn N, Cole P (1980). Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. Semin Oncol 7:92-102
76. Harabuchi Y, Yamanaka N, Kataura A, Imai S, Kinoshita T et al (1990). Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma. Lancet 335:128-130
77. Henle G, Henle W (1976). Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgA serum antibodies as an outstanding feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 17:1-7
78. Henle W, Henle G, Ho HC, Burtin P, Cachin Y et al (1970). Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, other head and neck neoplasms, and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst 44:225-231
79. Herbst H, Foss HD, Samol J, Araujo I, Klotzbach H et al (1996). Frequent expression of interleukin-10 by Epstein-Barr virus-harboring tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease. Blood 87:2918-2929
80. Hinz M, Lemke P, Anagnostopoulos I, Hacker C, Krappmann D et al (2002). Nuclear factor kappaB-dependent gene expression profiling of Hodgkin's disease tumor cells, pathogenetic significance, and link to constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a activity. J Exp Med 196:605-617
81. Huang DP, Ho JH, Saw D, Teoh TB (1978). Carcinoma of the nasal and paranasal regions in rats fed Cantonese salted marine fish. IARC Sci Publ(20): 315-328
82. Imai S, Koizumi S, Sugiura M, Tokunaga M, Uemura Y et al (1994). Gastric carcinoma: monoclonal epithelial malignant cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus latent infection protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9131-9135
83. Jenner RG, Maillard K, Cattini N, Weiss RA, Boshoff C et al (2003). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected primary effusion lymphoma has a plasma cell gene expression profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10399-10404
84. Jensen KK, Manfra DJ, Grisotto MG, Martin AP, Vassileva G et al (2005). The human herpes virus 8-encoded chemokine receptor is required for angioproliferation in a murine model of Kaposi's sarcoma. J Immunol 174:3686-3694
85. Jones JF, Shurin S, Abramowsky C, Tubbs RR, Sciotto CG et al (1988). T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections. N Engl J Med 318:733-741
86. Kafuko GW, Burkitt DP (1970). Burkitt's lymphoma and malaria. Int J Cancer 6:1-9
87. Kang H, Lieberman PM (2009). Cell cycle control of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency transcription by CTCF-cohesin interactions. J Virol 83:6199-6210
88. Kang MS, Lu H, Yasui T, Sharpe A, Warren H et al (2005). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 does not induce lymphoma in transgenic FVB mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 820-825
89. Karcher DS, Alkan S (1997). Human herpesvirus-8-associated body cavity-based lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a unique B-cell neoplasm. Hum Pathol 28:801-808
90. Keller SA, Schattner EJ, Cesarman E (2000). Inhibition of NF-kappaB induces apoptosis of KSHVinfected primary effusion lymphoma cells. Blood 96:2537-2542
91. Keller SA, Hernandez-Hopkins D, Vider J, Ponomarev V, Hyjek E et al (2006). NF-kappaB is essential for the progression of KSHV-and EBV-infected lymphomas in vivo. Blood 107:3295-3302
92. Kelly G, Bell A, Rickinson A (2002). Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphomagenesis selects for downregulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2. Nat Med 8:1098-1104
93. Kelly GL, Milner AE, Baldwin GS, Bell AI, Rickinson AB (2006). Three restricted forms of Epstein-Barr virus latency counteracting apoptosis in c-myc-expressing Burkitt lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14935-14940
94. Kelly GL, Milner AE, Tierney RJ, Croom-Carter DS, Altmann M et al (2005). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) gene deletion is consistently linked with EBNA3A,-3B, and-3C expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells and with increased resistance to apoptosis. J Virol 79:10709-10717
95. Kelly GL, Long HM, Stylianou J, Thomas WA, Leese A et al (2009). An Epstein-Barr virus anti-apoptotic protein constitutively expressed in transformed cells and implicated in burkitt lymphomagenesis: the Wp/BHRF1 link. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000341
96. Kennedy G, Komano J, Sugden B (2003). Epstein-Barr virus provides a survival factor to Burkitt's lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:14269-14274
97. Kikuta H, Taguchi Y, Tomizawa K, Kojima K, Kawamura N et al (1988). Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive T lymphocytes in a boy with chronic active EBV infection associated with Kawasaki-like disease. Nature 333:455-457
98. Klein G, Pearson G, Henle G, Henle W, Diehl V et al (1968). Relation between Epstein-Barr viral and cell membrane immunofluorescence in Burkitt tumor cells. II. Comparison of cells and sera from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis. J Exp Med 128:1021-1030
99. Klein U, Gloghini A, Gaidano G, Chadburn A, Cesarman E et al (2003). Gene expression profile analysis of AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) suggests a plasmablastic derivation and identifies PEL-specific transcripts. Blood 101:4115-4121
100. Knecht H, Berger C, McQuain C, Rothenberger S, Bachmann E et al (1999). Latent membrane protein 1 associated signaling pathways are important in tumor cells of Epstein-Barr virus negative Hodgkin's disease. Oncogene 18:7161-7167
101. Knight JS, Sharma N, Robertson ES (2005). Epstein-Barr virus latent antigen 3C can mediate the degradation of the retinoblastoma protein through an SCF cellular ubiquitin ligase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18562-18566
102. Koch AE, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, DiPietro LA et al (1992). Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science 258:1798-1801
103. Komano J, Maruo S, Kurozumi K, Oda T, Takada K (1999). Oncogenic role of Epstein-Barr virusencoded RNAs in Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Akata. J Virol 73:9827-9831
104. Kulwichit W, Edwards RH, Davenport EM, Baskar JF, Godfrey V et al (1998). Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces B cell lymphoma in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:11963-11968
105. Lan K, Murakami M, Choudhuri T, Tsai DE, Schuster SJ et al (2008). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. J Clin Virol 43:260-265
106. Lei X, Bai Z, Ye F, Xie J, Kim CG et al (2010). Regulation of NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and viral replication by a KSHV microRNA. Nat Cell Biol 12:193-199
107. Lenoir GM, Preud'homme JL, Bernheim A, Berger R (1982). Correlation between immunoglobulin light chain expression and variant translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma. Nature 298: 474-476
108. Levine PH, Ablashi DV, Berard CW, Carbone PP, Waggoner DE et al (1971). Elevated antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 27:416-421
109. Levy JA, Henle G (1966). Indirect immunofluorescence tests with sera from African children and cultured Burkitt lymphoma cells. J Bacteriol 92:275-276
110. Lo KW, Huang DP (2002). Genetic and epigenetic changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 12:451-462
111. Loffek S, Zigrino P, Steiger J, Kurschat P, Smola H et al (2006). Melanoma cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial tubulogenesis within fibrin gels by a metalloproteinase-mediated mechanism. Eur J Cell Biol 85:1167-1177
112. Lombardi L, Newcomb EW, Dalla-Favera R (1987). Pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma: expression of an activated c-myc oncogene causes the tumorigenic conversion of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts. Cell 49:161-170
113. MacMahon B (1966). Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Res 26:1189-1201
114. Magrath I (1990). The pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. Adv Cancer Res 55:133-270
115. Matta H, Surabhi RM, Zhao J, Punj V, Sun Q et al (2007). Induction of spindle cell morphology in human vascular endothelial cells by human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein K13. Oncogene 26:1656-1660
116. McClain KL, Leach CT, Jenson HB, Joshi VV, Pollock BH et al (1995). Association of Epstein-Barr virus with leiomyosarcomas in children with AIDS. N Engl J Med 332:12-18
117. McCormick C, Ganem D (2005). The kaposin B protein of KSHV activates the p38/MK2 pathway and stabilizes cytokine mRNAs. Science 307:739-741
118. Melkus MW, Estes JD, Padgett-Thomas A, Gatlin J, Denton PW et al (2006). Humanized mice mount specific adaptive and innate immune responses to EBV and TSST-1. Nat Med 12:1316-1322
119. Mesri EA, Cesarman E, Arvanitakis L, Rafii S, Moore MA et al (1996). Human herpesvirus-8/ Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a new transmissible virus that infects B cells. J Exp Med 183:2385-2390
120. Miles SA, Rezai AR, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, Vander Meyden M, Stevens RH et al (1990). AIDS Kaposi sarcoma-derived cells produce and respond to interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:4068-4072
121. Misztal-Dethloff B, Stepien H, Komorowski J (2004). Effect of leptin on proliferative activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from cultured endothelial cells HECa10 in vitro. Endocr Regul 38:161-166
122. Monini P, Carlini F, Sturzl M, Rimessi P, Superti F et al (1999). Alpha interferon inhibits human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) reactivation in primary effusion lymphoma cells and reduces HHV-8 load in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Virol 73:4029-4041
123. Montaner S, Sodhi A, Ramsdell AK, Martin D, Hu J et al (2006). The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor as a therapeutic target for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Cancer Res 66:168-174
124. Montaner S, Sodhi A, Molinolo A, Bugge TH, Sawai ET et al (2003). Endothelial infection with KSHV genes in vivo reveals that vGPCR initiates Kaposi's sarcomagenesis and can promote the tumorigenic potential of viral latent genes. Cancer Cell 3:23-36
125. Moore PS, Kingsley LA, Holmberg SD, Spira T, Gupta P et al (1996a). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection prior to onset of Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS 10:175-180
126. Moore PS, Gao SJ, Dominguez G, Cesarman E, Lungu O et al (1996b). Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi's sarcomae. J Virol 70:549-558
127. Morrison JA, Gulley ML, Pathmanathan R, Raab-Traub N (2004). Differential signaling pathways are activated in the Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Res 64:5251-5260
128. Mosier DE, Gulizia RJ, Baird SM, Wilson DB (1988). Transfer of a functional human immune system to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Nature 335:256-259
129. Moss J, Vaughan M (2002). Cytohesin-1 in 2001. Arch Biochem Biophys 397:156-161
130. Muralidhar S, Veytsmann G, Chandran B, Ablashi D, Doniger J et al (2000). Characterization of the human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) oncogene, kaposin (ORF K12). J Clin Virol 16:203-213
131. Muralidhar S, Pumfery AM, Hassani M, Sadaie MR, Kishishita M et al (1998). Identification of kaposin (open reading frame K12) as a human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) transforming gene. J Virol 72:4980-4988
132. Murray PG, Young LS, Rowe M, Crocker J (1992). Immunohistochemical demonstration of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein in paraffin sections of Hodgkin's disease. J Pathol 166:1-5
133. Murray PG, Flavell JR, Baumforth KR, Toomey SM, Lowe D et al (2001). Expression of the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factors 1 and 2 in Hodgkin's disease. J Pathol 194:158-164
134. Mutlu AD, Cavallin LE, Vincent L, Chiozzini C, Eroles P et al (2007). In vivo-restricted and reversible malignancy induced by human herpesvirus-8 KSHV: a cell and animal model of virally induced Kaposi's sarcoma. Cancer Cell 11:245-258
135. Nagata H, Konno A, Kimura N, Zhang Y, Kimura M et al (2001). Characterization of novel natural killer (NK)-cell and gammadelta T-cell lines established from primary lesions of nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Blood 97:708-713
136. Naranatt PP, Krishnan HH, Svojanovsky SR, Bloomer C, Mathur S et al (2004). Host gene induction and transcriptional reprogramming in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/ HHV-8)-infected endothelial, fibroblast, and B cells: insights into modulation events early during infection. Cancer Res 64:72-84
137. Niedobitek G, Agathanggelou A, Finerty S, Tierney R, Watkins P et al (1994). Latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in cottontop tamarins. A possible model for Epstein-Barr virus infection in humans. Am J Pathol 145:969-978
138. O'Hara AJ, Chugh P, Wang L, Netto EM, Luz E et al (2009). Pre-micro RNA signatures delineate stages of endothelial cell transformation in Kaposi sarcoma. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000389
139. Pallesen G, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Zhou X (1993). The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with T cell lymphoproliferations and Hodgkin's disease: two new developments in the EBV field. Adv Cancer Res 62:179-239
140. Pallesen G, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Rowe M, Young LS (1991). Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene products in tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease. Lancet 337:320-322
141. Parsons CH, Adang LA, Overdevest J, O'Connor CM, Taylor JR Jr et al (2006). KSHV targets multiple leukocyte lineages during long-term productive infection in NOD/SCID mice. J Clin Invest 116:1963-1973
142. Pfeffer S, Sewer A, Lagos-Quintana M, Sheridan R, Sander C et al (2005). Identification of microRNAs of the herpesvirus family. Nat Methods 2:269-276
143. Polack A, Hortnagel K, Pajic A, Christoph B, Baier B et al (1996). c-myc activation renders proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cells independent of EBV nuclear antigen 2 and latent membrane protein 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10411-10416
144. Qian LW, Xie J, Ye F, Gao SJ (2007). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection promotes invasion of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inducing matrix metalloproteinases. J Virol 81:7001-7010
145. Qin Z, Freitas E, Sullivan R, Mohan S, Bacelieri R et al (2010). Upregulation of xCT by KSHVencoded microRNAs facilitates KSHV dissemination and persistence in an environment of oxidative stress. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000742
146. Raab-Traub N (2002). Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of NPC. Semin Cancer Biol 12:431-441
147. Radkov SA, Kellam P, Boshoff C (2000). The latent nuclear antigen of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus targets the retinoblastoma-E2F pathway and with the oncogene Hras transforms primary rat cells. Nat Med 6:1121-1127
148. Rainbow L, Platt GM, Simpson GR, Sarid R, Gao SJ et al (1997). The 222-to 234-kilodalton latent nuclear protein (LNA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) is encoded by orf73 and is a component of the latency-associated nuclear antigen. J Virol 71:5915-5921
149. Raso GM, Pacilio M, Esposito E, Coppola A, Di Carlo R et al (2002). Leptin potentiates IFNgamma-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in murine macrophage J774A.1. Br J Pharmacol 137:799-804
150. Ruf IK, Lackey KA, Warudkar S, Sample JT (2005). Protection from interferon-induced apoptosis by Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs is not mediated by inhibition of PKR. J Virol 79: 14562-14569
151. Ruf IK, Rhyne PW, Yang C, Cleveland JL, Sample JT (2000). Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs potentiate tumorigenicity of Burkitt lymphoma cells independently of an effect on apoptosis. J Virol 74:10223-10228
152. Ryan JL, Morgan DR, Dominguez RL, Thorne LB, Elmore SH et al (2009). High levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in latently infected gastric adenocarcinoma. Lab Invest 89:80-90
153. Sadagopan S, Sharma-Walia N, Veettil MV, Bottero V, Levine R et al (2009). Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus upregulates angiogenin during infection of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, which induces 45S rRNA synthesis, antiapoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. J Virol 83:3342-3364
154. Saha A, Murakami M, Kumar P, Bajaj B, Sims K et al (2009). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C augments Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation by deubiquitinating Mdm2. J Virol 83:4652-4669
155. Samaniego F, Markham PD, Gallo RC, Ensoli B (1995). Inflammatory cytokines induce AIDSKaposi's sarcoma-derived spindle cells to produce and release basic fibroblast growth factor and enhance Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesion formation in nude mice. J Immunol 154:3582-3592
156. Samaniego F, Markham PD, Gendelman R, Gallo RC, Ensoli B (1997). Inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial cells to produce and release basic fibroblast growth factor and to promote Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions in nude mice. J Immunol 158:1887-1894
157. Samaniego F, Markham PD, Gendelman R, Watanabe Y, Kao V et al (1998). Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor present in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are induced by inflammatory cytokines and synergize to promote vascular permeability and KS lesion development. Am J Pathol 152:1433-1443
158. Samols MA, Hu J, Skalsky RL, Renne R (2005). Cloning and identification of a microRNA cluster within the latency-associated region of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 79:9301-9305
159. Samols MA, Skalsky RL, Maldonado AM, Riva A, Lopez MC et al (2007). Identification of cellular genes targeted by KSHV-encoded microRNAs. PLoS Pathog 3:e65
160. Saridakis V, Sheng Y, Sarkari F, Holowaty MN, Shire K et al (2005). Structure of the p53 binding domain of HAUSP/USP7 bound to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 implications for EBVmediated immortalization. Mol Cell 18:25-36
161. Sedger LM, Shows DM, Blanton RA, Peschon JJ, Goodwin RG et al (1999). IFN-gamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression. J Immunol 163:920-926
162. Shair KH, Schnegg CI, Raab-Traub N (2008). EBV latent membrane protein 1 effects on plakoglobin, cell growth, and migration. Cancer Res 68:6997-7005
163. Sharma-Walia N, Paul AG, Bottero V, Sadagopan S, Veettil MV et al (2010). Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) Induced COX-2: a key factor in latency, inflammation, angiogenesis. Cell survival and invasion. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000777
164. Sharp TV, Boshoff C (2000). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: from cell biology to pathogenesis. IUBMB Life 49:97-104
165. Sin SH, Fakhari FD, Dittmer DP (2010). The viral latency-associated nuclear antigen augments the B-cell response to antigen in vivo. J Virol 84:10653-10660
166. Skalsky RL, Samols MA, Plaisance KB, Boss IW, Riva A et al (2007). Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus encodes an ortholog of miR-155. J Virol 81:12836-12845
167. Soulier J, Grollet L, Oksenhendler E, Cacoub P, Cazals-Hatem D et al (1995). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood 86:1276-1280
168. Sparmann A, Bar-Sagi D (2004). Ras-induced interleukin-8 expression plays a critical role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Cell 6:447-458
169. Staskus KA, Zhong W, Gebhard K, Herndier B, Wang H et al (1997). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression in endothelial (spindle) tumor cells. J Virol 71:715-719
170. Staudt MR, Kanan Y, Jeong JH, Papin JF, Hines-Boykin R et al (2004). The tumor microenvironment controls primary effusion lymphoma growth in vivo. Cancer Res 64:4790-4799
171. Sturzl M, Blasig C, Schreier A, Neipel F, Hohenadl C et al (1997). Expression of HHV-8 latencyassociated T0.7 RNA in spindle cells and endothelial cells of AIDS-associated, classical and African Kaposi's sarcoma. Int J Cancer 72:68-71
172. Sugawara Y, Mizugaki Y, Uchida T, Torii T, Imai S et al (1999). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue: a novel EBV latency characterized by the absence of EBV-encoded small RNA expression. Virology 256:196-202
173. Sun Q, Matta H, Chaudhary PM (2003). The human herpes virus 8-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein protects against growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis via NF-kappa B activation. Blood 101:1956-1961
174. Sun Q, Matta H, Lu G, Chaudhary PM (2006). Induction of IL-8 expression by human herpesvirus 8 encoded vFLIP K13 via NF-kappaB activation. Oncogene 25:2717-2726
175. Swanton C, Mann DJ, Fleckenstein B, Neipel F, Peters G et al (1997). Herpes viral cyclin/Cdk6 complexes evade inhibition by CDK inhibitor proteins. Nature 390:184-187
176. Takada K (2000). Epstein-Barr virus and gastric carcinoma. Mol Pathol 53:255-261
177. Talbot SJ, Weiss RA, Kellam P, Boshoff C (1999). Transcriptional analysis of human herpesvirus-8 open reading frames 71, 72, 73, K14, and 74 in a primary effusion lymphoma cell line. Virology 257:84-94
178. Taylor AL, Marcus R, Bradley JA (2005). Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 56:155-167
179. Thome M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Fickenscher H, Meinl E et al (1997). Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors. Nature 386:517-521
180. Tomkowicz B, Singh SP, Lai D, Singh A, Mahalingham S et al (2005). Mutational analysis reveals an essential role for the LXXLL motif in the transformation function of the human herpesvirus-8 oncoprotein, kaposin. DNA Cell Biol 24:10-20
181. Tornesello ML, Biryahwaho B, Downing R, Hatzakis A, Alessi E et al (2010). Human herpesvirus type 8 variants circulating in Europe, Africa and North America in classic, endemic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma lesions during pre-AIDS and AIDS era. Virology 398:280-289
182. Tsao SW, Tramoutanis G, Dawson CW, Lo AK, Huang DP (2002a). The significance of LMP1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 12:473-487
183. Tsao SW, Wang X, Liu Y, Cheung YC, Feng H et al (2002b). Establishment of two immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines using SV40 large T and HPV16E6/E7 viral oncogenes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1590:150-158
184. Uccini S, Monardo F, Stoppacciaro A, Gradilone A, Agliano AM et al (1990). High frequency of Epstein-Barr virus genome detection in Hodgkin's disease of HIV-positive patients. Int J Cancer 46:581-585
185. Uchida J, Yasui T, Takaoka-Shichijo Y, Muraoka M, Kulwichit W et al (1999). Mimicry of CD40 signals by Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 in B lymphocyte responses. Science 286:300-303
186. Umbach JL, Cullen BR (2010). In-depth analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microRNA expression provides insights into the mammalian microRNA-processing machinery. J Virol 84:695-703
187. Wang HW, Trotter MW, Lagos D, Bourboulia D, Henderson S et al (2004). Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-induced cellular reprogramming contributes to the lymphatic endothelial gene expression in Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Genet 36:687-693
188. Weiss LM, Movahed LA, Warnke RA, Sklar J (1989). Detection of Epstein-Barr viral genomes in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 320:502-506
189. Weiss LM, Chen YY, Liu XF, Shibata D (1991). Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease. A correlative in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction study. Am J Pathol 139: 1259-1265
190. Weiss LM, Strickler JG, Warnke RA, Purtilo DT, Sklar J (1987). Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease. Am J Pathol 129:86-91
191. Wilson C, Wilson T, Johnston PG, Longley DB, Waugh DJ (2008). Interleukin-8 signaling attenuates TRAIL-and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through transcriptional regulation of c-FLIP in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 7:2649-2661
192. Wilson JB, Weinberg W, Johnson R, Yuspa S, Levine AJ (1990). Expression of the BNLF-1 oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus in the skin of transgenic mice induces hyperplasia and aberrant expression of keratin 6. Cell 61:1315-1327
193. Wu TC, Mann RB, Charache P, Hayward SD, Staal S et al (1990). Detection of EBV gene expression in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer 46:801-804
194. Xie J, Pan H, Yoo S, Gao SJ (2005). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induction of AP-1 and interleukin 6 during primary infection mediated by multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Virol 79:15027-15037
195. Yang J, Hagan MK, Offermann MK (1994). Induction of IL-6 gene expression in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. J Immunol 152:943-955
196. Yang TY, Chen SC, Leach MW, Manfra D, Homey B et al (2000). Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. J Exp Med 191:445-454
197. Yao L, Salvucci O, Cardones AR, Hwang ST, Aoki Y et al (2003). Selective expression of stromalderived factor-1 in the capillary vascular endothelium plays a role in Kaposi sarcoma pathogenesis. Blood 102:3900-3905
198. Yi F, Saha A, Murakami M, Kumar P, Knight JS et al (2009). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C targets p53 and modulates its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. Virology 388:236-247
199. Yu MC, Yuan JM (2002). Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 12:421-429
200. Yu MC, Ho JH, Lai SH, Henderson BE (1986). Cantonese-style salted fish as a cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: report of a case-control study in Hong Kong. Cancer Res 46:956-961
201. Zhao Y, Yao Y, Xu H, Lambeth L, Smith LP et al (2009). A functional MicroRNA-155 ortholog encoded by the oncogenic Marek's disease virus. J Virol 83:489-492
202. Ziegelbauer J, Grundhoff A, Ganem D (2006). Exploring the DNA binding interactions of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic switch protein by selective amplification of bound sequences in vitro. J Virol 80:2958-2967
203. Ziegelbauer JM, Sullivan CS, Ganem D (2009). Tandem array-based expression screens identify host mRNA targets of virus-encoded microRNAs. Nat Genet 41:130-134
204. zur Hausen H, Schulte-Holthausen H, Klein G, Henle W, Henle G et al (1970). EBV DNA in biopsies of Burkitt tumours and anaplastic carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Nature 228:1056-1058