메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 14579-14605

Glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis: A toolbox of random co-polymers for targeting inflammatory mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune system?

Author keywords

Biosimilar; Copaxone; Glatiramer acetate; Immunotherapy; Integrin

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CD11B ANTIGEN; COPOLYMER; GLATIRAMER; GLUCOCORTICOID; M 356; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; NATALIZUMAB; PLACEBO; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; PEPTIDE;

EID: 84870723327     PISSN: 16616596     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114579     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (155)
  • 1
    • 0000361150 scopus 로고
    • Histologie de la sclerose en plaques
    • Charcot, J. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques. Gaz. Hop. 1868, 41, 554-555.
    • (1868) Gaz. Hop. , vol.41 , pp. 554-555
    • Charcot, J.1
  • 2
    • 68149172596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained release oral fampridine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Kachuck, N.J. Sustained release oral fampridine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2009, 10, 2025-2035.
    • (2009) Expert Opin. Pharmacother. , vol.10 , pp. 2025-2035
    • Kachuck, N.J.1
  • 3
    • 54149084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston, A.; Coles, A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008, 372, 1502-1517.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1502-1517
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 4
    • 0027398162 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: A critical overview
    • Sadovnick, A.D.; Ebers, G.C. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: A critical overview. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1993, 20, 17-29.
    • (1993) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 17-29
    • Sadovnick, A.D.1    Ebers, G.C.2
  • 5
    • 8844244694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis
    • Calabresi, P.A. Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis. Am. Family Phys. 2004, 70, 1935-1944.
    • (2004) Am. Family Phys. , vol.70 , pp. 1935-1944
    • Calabresi, P.A.1
  • 8
    • 0031011567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
    • Compston, A. Genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1997, 62, 553-561.
    • (1997) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 553-561
    • Compston, A.1
  • 9
    • 0025370870 scopus 로고
    • T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis
    • Ota, K.; Matsui, M.; Milford, E.L.; Mackin, G.A.; Weiner, H.L.; Hafler, D.A. T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis. Nature 1990, 346, 183-187.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 183-187
    • Ota, K.1    Matsui, M.2    Milford, E.L.3    McKin, G.A.4    Weiner, H.L.5    Hafler, D.A.6
  • 10
    • 33644607018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis-the plaque and its pathogenesis
    • Frohman, E.M.; Racke, M.K.; Raine, C.S. Multiple sclerosis-the plaque and its pathogenesis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 354, 942-955.
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.354 , pp. 942-955
    • Frohman, E.M.1    Racke, M.K.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 11
    • 34247590137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: The role of infection
    • Ascherio, A.; Munger, K.L. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: The role of infection. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 61, 288-299.
    • (2007) Ann. Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 288-299
    • Ascherio, A.1    Munger, K.L.2
  • 12
    • 34447508481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors
    • Ascherio, A.; Munger, K.L. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 61, 504-513.
    • (2007) Ann. Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 504-513
    • Ascherio, A.1    Munger, K.L.2
  • 13
    • 38949107656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis
    • Ebers, G.C. Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2008, 7, 268-277.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol. , vol.7 , pp. 268-277
    • Ebers, G.C.1
  • 14
    • 79957942613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and increased risk of multiple sclerosis: Parallel trends in the sex ratio reinforce the evidence
    • Palacios, N.; Alonso, A.; Bronnum-Hansen, H.; Ascherio, A. Smoking and increased risk of multiple sclerosis: Parallel trends in the sex ratio reinforce the evidence. Ann. Epidemiol. 2011, 21, 536-542.
    • (2011) Ann. Epidemiol. , vol.21 , pp. 536-542
    • Palacios, N.1    Alonso, A.2    Bronnum-Hansen, H.3    Ascherio, A.4
  • 15
    • 1642484542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between stressful life events and exacerbation in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.38041.724421.55
    • Mohr, D.C.; Hart, S.L.; Julian, L.; Cox, D.; Pelletier, D. Association between stressful life events and exacerbation in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. BMJ 2004, 328, doi:10.1136/bmj.38041.724421.55.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328
    • Mohr, D.C.1    Hart, S.L.2    Julian, L.3    Cox, D.4    Pelletier, D.5
  • 18
    • 33745107637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: Evidence of association from a prospective study with long-term follow-up
    • DeLorenze, G.N.; Munger, K.L.; Lennette, E.T.; Orentreich, N.; Vogelman, J.H.; Ascherio, A. Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: Evidence of association from a prospective study with long-term follow-up. Arch. Neurol. 2006, 63, 839-844.
    • (2006) Arch. Neurol. , vol.63 , pp. 839-844
    • DeLorenze, G.N.1    Munger, K.L.2    Lennette, E.T.3    Orentreich, N.4    Vogelman, J.H.5    Ascherio, A.6
  • 19
    • 33749330705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection
    • Haahr, S.; Hollsberg, P. Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Rev. Med. Virol. 2006, 16, 297-310.
    • (2006) Rev. Med. Virol. , vol.16 , pp. 297-310
    • Haahr, S.1    Hollsberg, P.2
  • 22
    • 3042553626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein-diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis
    • Harauz, G.; Ishiyama, N.; Hill, C.M.; Bates, I.R.; Libich, D.S.; Fares, C. Myelin basic protein-diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis. Micron 2004, 35, 503-542.
    • (2004) Micron , vol.35 , pp. 503-542
    • Harauz, G.1    Ishiyama, N.2    Hill, C.M.3    Bates, I.R.4    Libich, D.S.5    Fares, C.6
  • 23
    • 33846927285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two citrullines-structural and functional aspects of myelin basic protein deimination in health and disease
    • Harauz, G.; Musse, A.A. A tale of two citrullines-structural and functional aspects of myelin basic protein deimination in health and disease. Neurochem. Res. 2007, 32, 137-158.
    • (2007) Neurochem. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 137-158
    • Harauz, G.1    Musse, A.A.2
  • 24
    • 34248681263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular "negativity" may underlie multiple sclerosis: Role of the myelin basic protein family in the pathogenesis of MS
    • Musse, A.A.; Harauz, G. Molecular "negativity" may underlie multiple sclerosis: Role of the myelin basic protein family in the pathogenesis of MS. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 2007, 79, 149-172.
    • (2007) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.79 , pp. 149-172
    • Musse, A.A.1    Harauz, G.2
  • 25
    • 77951901491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of myelin autoantigen citrullination to T cell autoaggression in the central nervous system
    • Carrillo-Vico, A.; Leech, M.D.; Anderton, S.M. Contribution of myelin autoantigen citrullination to T cell autoaggression in the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 2010, 184, 2839-2846.
    • (2010) J. Immunol. , vol.184 , pp. 2839-2846
    • Carrillo-Vico, A.1    Leech, M.D.2    Anderton, S.M.3
  • 27
    • 0015492877 scopus 로고
    • HL-A antigens and multiple sclerosis
    • Jersild, C.; Svejgaard, A.; Fog, T. HL-A antigens and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1972, 1, 1240-1241.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1240-1241
    • Jersild, C.1    Svejgaard, A.2    Fog, T.3
  • 32
    • 0029913882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
    • Lublin, F.D.; Reingold, S.C. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 1996, 46, 907-911.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 907-911
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Reingold, S.C.2
  • 33
    • 19344367787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part 2: Non-conventional MRI, recovery processes, and management
    • Miller, D.; Barkhof, F.; Montalban, X.; Thompson, A.; Filippi, M. Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part 2: Non-conventional MRI, recovery processes, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2005, 4, 341-348.
    • (2005) Lancet Neurol. , vol.4 , pp. 341-348
    • Miller, D.1    Barkhof, F.2    Montalban, X.3    Thompson, A.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 34
    • 6944249912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers and surrogate outcomes in neurodegenerative disease: Lessons from multiple sclerosis
    • Miller, D.H. Biomarkers and surrogate outcomes in neurodegenerative disease: Lessons from multiple sclerosis. NeuroRx 2004, 1, 284-294.
    • (2004) NeuroRx , vol.1 , pp. 284-294
    • Miller, D.H.1
  • 35
    • 0029953189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Course of illness and prognosis of multiple sclerosis. 1: The natural illness course
    • Flachenecker, P.; Hartung, H.P. Course of illness and prognosis of multiple sclerosis. 1: The natural illness course. Nervenarzt 1996, 67, 435-443.
    • (1996) Nervenarzt , vol.67 , pp. 435-443
    • Flachenecker, P.1    Hartung, H.P.2
  • 38
    • 77954382272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Leray, E.; Yaouanq, J.; le Page, E.; Coustans, M.; Laplaud, D.; Oger, J.; Edan, G. Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010, 133, 1900-1913.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 1900-1913
    • Leray, E.1    Yaouanq, J.2    le Page, E.3    Coustans, M.4    Laplaud, D.5    Oger, J.6    Edan, G.7
  • 39
    • 1842734164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in survival and cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Bronnum-Hansen, H.; Koch-Henriksen, N.; Stenager, E. Trends in survival and cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2004, 127, 844-850.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 844-850
    • Bronnum-Hansen, H.1    Koch-Henriksen, N.2    Stenager, E.3
  • 40
    • 0028317040 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis
    • Weinshenker, B.G. Natural history of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1994, 36, S6-S11.
    • (1994) Ann. Neurol. , vol.36
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 42
    • 80655144770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and depression
    • Feinstein, A. Multiple sclerosis and depression. Mult. Scler. 2011, 17, 1276-1281.
    • (2011) Mult. Scler. , vol.17 , pp. 1276-1281
    • Feinstein, A.1
  • 46
    • 33645969320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: Systematic review
    • Whiting, P.; Harbord, R.; Main, C.; Deeks, J.J.; Filippini, G.; Egger, M.; Sterne, J.A. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: systematic review. BMJ 2006, 332, 875-884.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 875-884
    • Whiting, P.1    Harbord, R.2    Main, C.3    Deeks, J.J.4    Filippini, G.5    Egger, M.6    Sterne, J.A.7
  • 50
    • 0034791382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2009, 80, 131-132. 51. Lugaresi, A.; Caporale, C.; Farina, D.; Marzoli, F.; Bonanni, L.; Muraro, P.A.; de Luca, G.; Iarlori, C.; Gambi, D. Low-dose oral methotrexate treatment in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Casetta, I.; Iuliano, G.; Filippini, G. Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2009, 80, 131-132. 51. Lugaresi, A.; Caporale, C.; Farina, D.; Marzoli, F.; Bonanni, L.; Muraro, P.A.; de Luca, G.; Iarlori, C.; Gambi, D. Low-dose oral methotrexate treatment in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Sci. 2001, 22, 209-210.
    • (2001) Neurol. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 209-210
    • Casetta, I.1    Iuliano, G.2    Filippini, G.3
  • 51
    • 0027127052 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate for chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with sample size benefits from a composite outcome variable including preliminary data on toxicity
    • PMID:1343611
    • Goodkin, D.E.; Rudick, R.A.; VanderBrug Medendorp, S.; Greene, T.; Schwetz, K.M.; Fischer, J.; Daughtry, M.M.; Ross, J.; Van Dyke, C. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate for chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with sample size benefits from a composite outcome variable including preliminary data on toxicity. Online J. Curr. Clin. Trials 1992, 19, PMID:1343611.
    • (1992) Online J. Curr. Clin. Trials , vol.19
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Rudick, R.A.2    VanderBrug Medendorp, S.3    Greene, T.4    Schwetz, K.M.5    Fischer, J.6    Daughtry, M.M.7    Ross, J.8    van Dyke, C.9
  • 54
    • 0028827641 scopus 로고
    • Dual roles of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in solid organ transplantation: Lipid lowering and immunosuppression
    • Katznelson, S.; Kobashigawa, J.A. Dual roles of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in solid organ transplantation: lipid lowering and immunosuppression. Kidney Int. Suppl. 1995, 52, S112-S115.
    • (1995) Kidney Int. Suppl. , vol.52
    • Katznelson, S.1    Kobashigawa, J.A.2
  • 56
    • 78751617857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guideline update: Plasmapheresis in neurologic disorders: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Cortese, I.; Chaudhry, V.; So, Y.T.; Cantor, F.; Cornblath, D.R.; Rae-Grant, A. Evidence-based guideline update: Plasmapheresis in neurologic disorders: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2011, 76, 294-300.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 294-300
    • Cortese, I.1    Chaudhry, V.2    So, Y.T.3    Cantor, F.4    Cornblath, D.R.5    Rae-Grant, A.6
  • 57
    • 5344219614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment following the first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Achiron, A.; Kishner, I.; Sarova-Pinhas, I.; Raz, H.; Faibel, M.; Stern, Y.; Lavie, M.; Gurevich, M.; Dolev, M.; Magalashvili, D.; et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment following the first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch. Neurol. 2004, 61, 1515-1520.
    • (2004) Arch. Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 1515-1520
    • Achiron, A.1    Kishner, I.2    Sarova-Pinhas, I.3    Raz, H.4    Faibel, M.5    Stern, Y.6    Lavie, M.7    Gurevich, M.8    Dolev, M.9    Magalashvili, D.10
  • 58
    • 79955711573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of IgG levels on the number of natural killer cells and their Fc receptors in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
    • Bohn, A.B.; Nederby, L.; Harbo, T.; Skovbo, A.; Vorup-Jensen, T.; Krog, J.; Jakobsen, J.; Hokland, M.E. The effect of IgG levels on the number of natural killer cells and their Fc receptors in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Eur. J. Neurol. 2011, 18, 919-924.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Neurol. , vol.18 , pp. 919-924
    • Bohn, A.B.1    Nederby, L.2    Harbo, T.3    Skovbo, A.4    Vorup-Jensen, T.5    Krog, J.6    Jakobsen, J.7    Hokland, M.E.8
  • 59
    • 0032494792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos, L.; European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998, 352, 1491-1497.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1491-1497
    • Kappos, L.1
  • 62
    • 0026506799 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin
    • Yednock, T.A.; Cannon, C.; Fritz, L.C.; Sanchez-Madrid, F.; Steinman, L.; Karin, N. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin. Nature 1992, 356, 63-66.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 63-66
    • Yednock, T.A.1    Cannon, C.2    Fritz, L.C.3    Sanchez-Madrid, F.4    Steinman, L.5    Karin, N.6
  • 63
    • 28444499085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtues and pitfalls of EAE for the development of therapies for multiple sclerosis
    • Steinman, L.; Zamvil, S.S. Virtues and pitfalls of EAE for the development of therapies for multiple sclerosis. Trends Immunol. 2005, 26, 565-571.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 565-571
    • Steinman, L.1    Zamvil, S.S.2
  • 69
    • 81255129068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: An unexpected complication of modern therapeutic monoclonal antibody therapies
    • Tavazzi, E.; Ferrante, P.; Khalili, K. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: An unexpected complication of modern therapeutic monoclonal antibody therapies. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2011, 17, 1776-1780.
    • (2011) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.17 , pp. 1776-1780
    • Tavazzi, E.1    Ferrante, P.2    Khalili, K.3
  • 70
    • 84869201214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the roles of polyvalent binding in immune recognition: Perspectives in the nanoscience of immunology and the immune response to nanomedicines
    • in press
    • Vorup-Jensen, T. On the roles of polyvalent binding in immune recognition: Perspectives in the nanoscience of immunology and the immune response to nanomedicines. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2012, in press.
    • (2012) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
    • Vorup-Jensen, T.1
  • 71
    • 84868525833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and antibodies in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and therapy
    • doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.203
    • Krumbholz, M.; Derfuss, T.; Hohlfeld, R.; Meinl, E. B cells and antibodies in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and therapy. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2012, doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.203.
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Neurol.
    • Krumbholz, M.1    Derfuss, T.2    Hohlfeld, R.3    Meinl, E.4
  • 73
    • 46749113012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term (up to 22 years), open-label, compassionate-use study of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Miller, A.; Spada, V.; Beerkircher, D.; Kreitman, R.R. Long-term (up to 22 years), open-label, compassionate-use study of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2008, 14, 494-499.
    • (2008) Mult. Scler. , vol.14 , pp. 494-499
    • Miller, A.1    Spada, V.2    Beerkircher, D.3    Kreitman, R.R.4
  • 74
    • 77949885488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous long-term immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Results from the 15-year analysis of the US prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate
    • Ford, C.; Goodman, A.D.; Johnson, K.; Kachuck, N.; Lindsey, J.W.; Lisak, R.; Luzzio, C.; Myers, L.; Panitch, H.; Preiningerova, J.; et al. Continuous long-term immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Results from the 15-year analysis of the US prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate. Mult. Scler. 2010, 16, 342-350.
    • (2010) Mult. Scler. , vol.16 , pp. 342-350
    • Ford, C.1    Goodman, A.D.2    Johnson, K.3    Kachuck, N.4    Lindsey, J.W.5    Lisak, R.6    Luzzio, C.7    Myers, L.8    Panitch, H.9    Preiningerova, J.10
  • 75
    • 33744814611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate: Over a decade of continuous use in multiple sclerosis patients
    • Ford, C.C.; Johnson, K.P.; Lisak, R.P.; Panitch, H.S.; Shifronis, G.; Wolinsky, J.S. A prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate: Over a decade of continuous use in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult. Scler. 2006, 12, 309-320.
    • (2006) Mult. Scler. , vol.12 , pp. 309-320
    • Ford, C.C.1    Johnson, K.P.2    Lisak, R.P.3    Panitch, H.S.4    Shifronis, G.5    Wolinsky, J.S.6
  • 76
    • 0035091667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group
    • Comi, G.; Filippi, M.; Wolinsky, J.S. European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group. Ann. Neurol. 2001, 49, 290-297.
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 290-297
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 77
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Cohen, J.A.; Ford, C.C.; Goldstein, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.; Panitch, H.S.; Rose, J.W.; Schiffer, R.B.; The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1995, 45, 1268-1276.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3    Ford, C.C.4    Goldstein, J.5    Lisak, R.P.6    Myers, L.W.7    Panitch, H.S.8    Rose, J.W.9    Schiffer, R.B.10
  • 78
    • 0042123678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glatiramer acetate on relapse rate and accumulated disability in multiple sclerosis: Meta-analysis of three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials
    • Martinelli Boneschi, F.; Rovaris, M.; Johnson, K.P.; Miller, A.; Wolinsky, J.S.; Ladkani, D.; Shifroni, G.; Comi, G.; Filippi, M. Effects of glatiramer acetate on relapse rate and accumulated disability in multiple sclerosis: Meta-analysis of three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Mult. Scler. 2003, 9, 349-355.
    • (2003) Mult. Scler. , vol.9 , pp. 349-355
    • Martinelli Boneschi, F.1    Rovaris, M.2    Johnson, K.P.3    Miller, A.4    Wolinsky, J.S.5    Ladkani, D.6    Shifroni, G.7    Comi, G.8    Filippi, M.9
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0029996079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety profile of copolymer 1: Analysis of cumulative experience in the United States and Israel
    • Korczyn, A.D.; Nisipeanu, P. Safety profile of copolymer 1: Analysis of cumulative experience in the United States and Israel. J. Neurol. 1996, 243, S23-S26.
    • (1996) J. Neurol. , vol.243
    • Korczyn, A.D.1    Nisipeanu, P.2
  • 82
    • 0033842848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained clinical benefits of glatiramer acetate in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients observed for 6 years. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Ford, C.C.; Goodman, A.; Guarnaccia, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.; Panitch, H.S.; Pruitt, A.; Rose, J.W.; et al. Sustained clinical benefits of glatiramer acetate in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients observed for 6 years. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Mult. Scler. 2000, 6, 255-266.
    • (2000) Mult. Scler. , vol.6 , pp. 255-266
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Ford, C.C.3    Goodman, A.4    Guarnaccia, J.5    Lisak, R.P.6    Myers, L.W.7    Panitch, H.S.8    Pruitt, A.9    Rose, J.W.10
  • 84
    • 0032202305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly(α-amino acids)-From a better understanding of immune phenomena to a drug against multiple sclerosis
    • Sela, M. Poly(α-amino acids)-From a better understanding of immune phenomena to a drug against multiple sclerosis. Acta Polym. 1998, 49, 523-525.
    • (1998) Acta Polym. , vol.49 , pp. 523-525
    • Sela, M.1
  • 85
    • 0842331842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation by the copolymer glatiramer acetate
    • Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Immunomodulation by the copolymer glatiramer acetate. J. Mol. Recognit. 2003, 16, 412-421.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Recognit. , vol.16 , pp. 412-421
    • Arnon, R.1    Sela, M.2
  • 86
    • 84870712019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemistry of the Copaxone drug
    • Arnon, R.; Sela, M. The chemistry of the Copaxone drug. Chem. Isr. 1999, 1, 12-17.
    • (1999) Chem. Isr. , vol.1 , pp. 12-17
    • Arnon, R.1    Sela, M.2
  • 87
    • 20444470265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My contributions to science and society
    • Katchalski-Katzir, E. My contributions to science and society. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 16529-16541.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 16529-16541
    • Katchalski-Katzir, E.1
  • 88
    • 69749089542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir (1916-2009)
    • Eisenbach, M. Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir (1916-2009). Trends Biochem. Sci. 2009, 34, 427-428.
    • (2009) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 427-428
    • Eisenbach, M.1
  • 90
    • 0000739733 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and chemical properties of poly-alpha-amino acids
    • Katchalski, E.; Sela, M. Synthesis and chemical properties of poly-alpha-amino acids. Adv. Protein Chem. 1958, 13, 243-492.
    • (1958) Adv. Protein Chem. , vol.13 , pp. 243-492
    • Katchalski, E.1    Sela, M.2
  • 91
    • 76549252207 scopus 로고
    • The structure of proteins; two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain
    • Pauling, L.; Corey, R.B.; Branson, H.R. The structure of proteins; two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1951, 37, 205-211.
    • (1951) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.37 , pp. 205-211
    • Pauling, L.1    Corey, R.B.2    Branson, H.R.3
  • 92
    • 0000591348 scopus 로고
    • New X-ray evidence on the configuration of polypeptide chains
    • Perutz, M.F. New X-ray evidence on the configuration of polypeptide chains. Nature 1951, 167, 1053-1054.
    • (1951) Nature , vol.167 , pp. 1053-1054
    • Perutz, M.F.1
  • 93
    • 32844463093 scopus 로고
    • The structure of collagen
    • Rich, A.; Crick, F.H. The structure of collagen. Nature 1955, 176, 915-916.
    • (1955) Nature , vol.176 , pp. 915-916
    • Rich, A.1    Crick, F.H.2
  • 94
    • 0013904396 scopus 로고
    • Polymers tripeptides as collagen models. II. Conformational changes of poly(L-prolyl-glycyl-L-prolyl) in solution
    • Engel, J.; Kurtz, J.; Katchalski, E.; Berger, A. Polymers tripeptides as collagen models. II. Conformational changes of poly(L-prolyl-glycyl-L-prolyl) in solution. J. Mol. Biol. 1966, 17, 255-272.
    • (1966) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 255-272
    • Engel, J.1    Kurtz, J.2    Katchalski, E.3    Berger, A.4
  • 95
    • 84870686730 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis and transpeptidation of lysine peptides by trypsin
    • Levin, Y.; Berger, A.; Katchalski, E. Hydrolysis and transpeptidation of lysine peptides by trypsin. Biochem. J. 1956, 63, 308-316.
    • (1956) Biochem. J. , vol.63 , pp. 308-316
    • Levin, Y.1    Berger, A.2    Katchalski, E.3
  • 96
    • 0343371644 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 2. Antigenic specificity of polytyrosyl gelatins
    • Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 2. Antigenic specificity of polytyrosyl gelatins. Biochem. J. 1960, 75, 103-109.
    • (1960) Biochem. J. , vol.75 , pp. 103-109
    • Arnon, R.1    Sela, M.2
  • 97
    • 0002510994 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 1. Antigenicity of polypeptidyl gelatins
    • Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 1. Antigenicity of polypeptidyl gelatins. Biochem. J. 1960, 75, 91-102.
    • (1960) Biochem. J. , vol.75 , pp. 91-102
    • Sela, M.1    Arnon, R.2
  • 98
    • 21044438275 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 3. The role of rigidity in the antigenicity of polypeptidyl gelatins
    • Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 3. The role of rigidity in the antigenicity of polypeptidyl gelatins. Biochem. J. 1960, 77, 394-399.
    • (1960) Biochem. J. , vol.77 , pp. 394-399
    • Sela, M.1    Arnon, R.2
  • 99
    • 0015090769 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies reactive with native lysozyme elicited by a completely synthetic antigen
    • Arnon, R.; Maron, E.; Sela, M.; Anfinsen, C.B. Antibodies reactive with native lysozyme elicited by a completely synthetic antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1971, 68, 1450-1455.
    • (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.68 , pp. 1450-1455
    • Arnon, R.1    Maron, E.2    Sela, M.3    Anfinsen, C.B.4
  • 100
    • 0343673873 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of encephalitogen-induced inhibition of experimental "allergic" encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig
    • Shaw, C.M.; Alvord, E.C., Jr.; Fahlberg, W.J.; Kies, M.W. Specificity of encephalitogen-induced inhibition of experimental "allergic" encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. J. Immunol. 1962, 89, 54-61.
    • (1962) J. Immunol. , vol.89 , pp. 54-61
    • Shaw, C.M.1    Alvord Jr., E.C.2    Fahlberg, W.J.3    Kies, M.W.4
  • 101
    • 0015103005 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide
    • Teitelbaum, D.; Meshorer, A.; Hirshfeld, T.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide. Eur. J. Immunol. 1971, 1, 242-248.
    • (1971) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 242-248
    • Teitelbaum, D.1    Meshorer, A.2    Hirshfeld, T.3    Arnon, R.4    Sela, M.5
  • 103
    • 0029686207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, physicochemical and biological properties of poly-alpha-amino acids--the simplest of protein models
    • Katchalski-Katzir, E. Synthesis, physicochemical and biological properties of poly-alpha-amino acids--the simplest of protein models. Acta Biochim. Polon. 1996, 43, 217-226.
    • (1996) Acta Biochim. Polon. , vol.43 , pp. 217-226
    • Katchalski-Katzir, E.1
  • 104
    • 0036086944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel synthetic amino acid copolymers that inhibit autoantigen-specific T cell responses and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Santambrogio, L.; Stern, J.N.; Fugger, L.; Brosnan, C.; Strominger, J.L. Novel synthetic amino acid copolymers that inhibit autoantigen-specific T cell responses and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 109, 1635-1643.
    • (2002) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.109 , pp. 1635-1643
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.1    Santambrogio, L.2    Stern, J.N.3    Fugger, L.4    Brosnan, C.5    Strominger, J.L.6
  • 107
    • 84863218474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical tools for characterizing biopharmaceuticals and the implications for biosimilars
    • Berkowitz, S.A.; Engen, J.R.; Mazzeo, J.R.; Jones, G.B. Analytical tools for characterizing biopharmaceuticals and the implications for biosimilars. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2012, 11, 527-540.
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.11 , pp. 527-540
    • Berkowitz, S.A.1    Engen, J.R.2    Mazzeo, J.R.3    Jones, G.B.4
  • 110
    • 61449171129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned from the contamination of heparin
    • Liu, H.; Zhang, Z.; Linhardt, R.J. Lessons learned from the contamination of heparin. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2009, 26, 313-321.
    • (2009) Nat. Prod. Rep. , vol.26 , pp. 313-321
    • Liu, H.1    Zhang, Z.2    Linhardt, R.J.3
  • 111
    • 0034894930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic peptides that inhibit binding of the myelin basic protein 85-99 epitope to multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-DR2 molecules and MBP-specific T-cell responses
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Stern, J.N.; Fugger, L.; Strominger, J.L. Synthetic peptides that inhibit binding of the myelin basic protein 85-99 epitope to multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-DR2 molecules and MBP-specific T-cell responses. Human Immunol. 2001, 62, 753-763.
    • (2001) Human Immunol. , vol.62 , pp. 753-763
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.1    Stern, J.N.2    Fugger, L.3    Strominger, J.L.4
  • 112
    • 0026046409 scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactions and specificities of monoclonal antibodies against myelin basic protein and against the synthetic copolymer 1
    • Teitelbaum, D.; Aharoni, R.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Cross-reactions and specificities of monoclonal antibodies against myelin basic protein and against the synthetic copolymer 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 9528-9532.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 9528-9532
    • Teitelbaum, D.1    Aharoni, R.2    Sela, M.3    Arnon, R.4
  • 113
    • 0032080646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Strominger, J.L. Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules. J. Immunol. 1998, 160, 4386-4397.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 4386-4397
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.1    Strominger, J.L.2
  • 115
    • 0029916716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 inhibits chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in mice and interferes with PLP-specific T cell responses
    • Teitelbaum, D.; Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Copolymer 1 inhibits chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in mice and interferes with PLP-specific T cell responses. J. Neuroimmunol. 1996, 64, 209-217.
    • (1996) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.64 , pp. 209-217
    • Teitelbaum, D.1    Fridkis-Hareli, M.2    Arnon, R.3    Sela, M.4
  • 116
    • 0029986881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autoimmune reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis is potentially pathogenic: Effect of copolymer 1 on MOG-induced disease
    • Ben-Nun, A.; Mendel, I.; Bakimer, R.; Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Teitelbaum, D.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M.; de Rosbo, N.K. The autoimmune reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis is potentially pathogenic: effect of copolymer 1 on MOG-induced disease. J. Neurol. 1996, 243, S14-S22.
    • (1996) J. Neurol. , vol.243
    • Ben-Nun, A.1    Mendel, I.2    Bakimer, R.3    Fridkis-Hareli, M.4    Teitelbaum, D.5    Arnon, R.6    Sela, M.7    de Rosbo, N.K.8
  • 117
    • 34548778588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer-1 (Cop-1) improves neurological recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Ibarra, A.; Avendano, H.; Cruz, Y. Copolymer-1 (Cop-1) improves neurological recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2007, 425, 110-113.
    • (2007) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.425 , pp. 110-113
    • Ibarra, A.1    Avendano, H.2    Cruz, Y.3
  • 118
    • 0035959296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 inhibits manifestations of graft rejection
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Copolymer 1 inhibits manifestations of graft rejection. Transplantation 2001, 72, 598-605.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.72 , pp. 598-605
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Arnon, R.3    Sela, M.4
  • 119
    • 0034041863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Duda, P.W.; Schmied, M.C.; Cook, S.L.; Krieger, J.I.; Hafler, D.A. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 2000, 105, 967-976.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.105 , pp. 967-976
    • Duda, P.W.1    Schmied, M.C.2    Cook, S.L.3    Krieger, J.I.4    Hafler, D.A.5
  • 121
    • 0030987548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 induces T cells of the T helper type 2 that crossreact with myelin basic protein and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Copolymer 1 induces T cells of the T helper type 2 that crossreact with myelin basic protein and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 10821-10826.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 10821-10826
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Sela, M.3    Arnon, R.4
  • 122
    • 72749096461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Kala, M.; Rhodes, S.N.; Piao, W.H.; Shi, F.D.; Campagnolo, D.I.; Vollmer, T.L. B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp. Neurol. 2010, 221, 136-145.
    • (2010) Exp. Neurol. , vol.221 , pp. 136-145
    • Kala, M.1    Rhodes, S.N.2    Piao, W.H.3    Shi, F.D.4    Campagnolo, D.I.5    Vollmer, T.L.6
  • 123
    • 79951818195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate treatment of multiple sclerosis: An immunological perspective
    • Racke, M.K.; Lovett-Racke, A.E. Glatiramer acetate treatment of multiple sclerosis: an immunological perspective. J. Immunol. 2011, 186, 1887-1890.
    • (2011) J. Immunol. , vol.186 , pp. 1887-1890
    • Racke, M.K.1    Lovett-Racke, A.E.2
  • 124
    • 0034691165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Comparison of copolymer-1-reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells
    • Neuhaus, O.; Farina, C.; Yassouridis, A.; Wiendl, H.; Then Bergh, F.; Dose, T.; Wekerle, H.; Hohlfeld, R. Multiple sclerosis: Comparison of copolymer-1-reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 7452-7457.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 7452-7457
    • Neuhaus, O.1    Farina, C.2    Yassouridis, A.3    Wiendl, H.4    Then Bergh, F.5    Dose, T.6    Wekerle, H.7    Hohlfeld, R.8
  • 125
    • 0034678450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of myelin basic protein (MBP) T cell epitopes in multiple sclerosis lesions using a monoclonal antibody specific for the human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2-MBP 85-99 complex
    • Krogsgaard, M.; Wucherpfennig, K.W.; Cannella, B.; Hansen, B.E.; Svejgaard, A.; Pyrdol, J.; Ditzel, H.; Raine, C.; Engberg, J.; Fugger, L. Visualization of myelin basic protein (MBP) T cell epitopes in multiple sclerosis lesions using a monoclonal antibody specific for the human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2-MBP 85-99 complex. J. Exp. Med. 2000, 191, 1395-1412.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 1395-1412
    • Krogsgaard, M.1    Wucherpfennig, K.W.2    Cannella, B.3    Hansen, B.E.4    Svejgaard, A.5    Pyrdol, J.6    Ditzel, H.7    Raine, C.8    Engberg, J.9    Fugger, L.10
  • 126
    • 0032476565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bystander suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by T cell lines and clones of the Th2 type induced by copolymer 1
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Bystander suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by T cell lines and clones of the Th2 type induced by copolymer 1. J. Neuroimmunol. 1998, 91, 135-146.
    • (1998) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.91 , pp. 135-146
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Sela, M.3    Arnon, R.4
  • 127
    • 33645220235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Th2 cells mediate the effects of glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis?
    • Jee, Y.; Liu, R.; Bai, X.F.; Campagnolo, D.I.; Shi, F.D.; Vollmer, T.L. Do Th2 cells mediate the effects of glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis? Int. Immunol. 2006, 18, 537-544.
    • (2006) Int. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 537-544
    • Jee, Y.1    Liu, R.2    Bai, X.F.3    Campagnolo, D.I.4    Shi, F.D.5    Vollmer, T.L.6
  • 128
    • 0034691136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies
    • Kipnis, J.; Yoles, E.; Porat, Z.; Cohen, A.; Mor, F.; Sela, M.; Cohen, I.R.; Schwartz, M. T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: possible therapy for optic neuropathies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 7446-7451.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 7446-7451
    • Kipnis, J.1    Yoles, E.2    Porat, Z.3    Cohen, A.4    Mor, F.5    Sela, M.6    Cohen, I.R.7    Schwartz, M.8
  • 131
    • 0037184995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition receptors: Doubling up for the innate immune response
    • Gordon, S. Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response. Cell 2002, 111, 927-930.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.111 , pp. 927-930
    • Gordon, S.1
  • 132
    • 0037145037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrins: Bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines
    • Hynes, R.O. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell 2002, 110, 673-687.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , pp. 673-687
    • Hynes, R.O.1
  • 133
    • 0025182959 scopus 로고
    • Adhesion receptors of the immune system
    • Springer, T.A. Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature 1990, 346, 425-434.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 425-434
    • Springer, T.A.1
  • 134
    • 34247891506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of integrin regulation and signaling
    • Luo, B.H.; Carman, C.V.; Springer, T.A. Structural basis of integrin regulation and signaling. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2007, 25, 619-647.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 619-647
    • Luo, B.H.1    Carman, C.V.2    Springer, T.A.3
  • 135
    • 84856910083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metalloproteinase-mediated Shedding of Integrin beta2 promotes macrophage efflux from inflammatory sites
    • Gomez, I.G.; Tang, J.; Wilson, C.L.; Yan, W.; Heinecke, J.W.; Harlan, J.M.; Raines, E.W. Metalloproteinase-mediated Shedding of Integrin beta2 promotes macrophage efflux from inflammatory sites. J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287, 4581-4589.
    • (2012) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.287 , pp. 4581-4589
    • Gomez, I.G.1    Tang, J.2    Wilson, C.L.3    Yan, W.4    Heinecke, J.W.5    Harlan, J.M.6    Raines, E.W.7
  • 136
    • 77958136190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shedding of large functionally active CD11/CD18 Integrin complexes from leukocyte membranes during synovial inflammation distinguishes three types of arthritis through differential epitope exposure
    • Gjelstrup, L.C.; Boesen, T.; Kragstrup, T.W.; Jorgensen, A.; Klein, N.J.; Thiel, S.; Deleuran, B.W.; Vorup-Jensen, T. Shedding of large functionally active CD11/CD18 Integrin complexes from leukocyte membranes during synovial inflammation distinguishes three types of arthritis through differential epitope exposure. J. Immunol. 2010, 185, 4154-4168.
    • (2010) J. Immunol. , vol.185 , pp. 4154-4168
    • Gjelstrup, L.C.1    Boesen, T.2    Kragstrup, T.W.3    Jorgensen, A.4    Klein, N.J.5    Thiel, S.6    Deleuran, B.W.7    Vorup-Jensen, T.8
  • 137
    • 13444294243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of acidic residues as a danger signal for recognition of fibrinogen and other macromolecules by integrin alphaXbeta2
    • Vorup-Jensen, T.; Carman, C.V.; Shimaoka, M.; Schuck, P.; Svitel, J.; Springer, T.A. Exposure of acidic residues as a danger signal for recognition of fibrinogen and other macromolecules by integrin alphaXbeta2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 1614-1619.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 1614-1619
    • Vorup-Jensen, T.1    Carman, C.V.2    Shimaoka, M.3    Schuck, P.4    Svitel, J.5    Springer, T.A.6
  • 139
    • 0026736029 scopus 로고
    • The Mac-1 and p150,95 beta 2 integrins bind denatured proteins to mediate leukocyte cell-substrate adhesion
    • Davis, G.E. The Mac-1 and p150,95 beta 2 integrins bind denatured proteins to mediate leukocyte cell-substrate adhesion. Exp. Cell. Res. 1992, 200, 242-252.
    • (1992) Exp. Cell. Res. , vol.200 , pp. 242-252
    • Davis, G.E.1
  • 140
    • 0031908175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids
    • Whitaker, J.N. Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids. Mult. Scler. 1998, 4, 16-21.
    • (1998) Mult. Scler. , vol.4 , pp. 16-21
    • Whitaker, J.N.1
  • 141
    • 60549100530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of brain related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid: An aid in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders
    • Constantinescu, R.; Zetterberg, H.; Holmberg, B.; Rosengren, L. Levels of brain related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid: an aid in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2009, 15, 205-212.
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. , vol.15 , pp. 205-212
    • Constantinescu, R.1    Zetterberg, H.2    Holmberg, B.3    Rosengren, L.4
  • 142
    • 0019469331 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown
    • Prineas, J.W.; Graham, J.S. Multiple sclerosis: Capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown. Ann. Neurol. 1981, 10, 149-158.
    • (1981) Ann. Neurol. , vol.10 , pp. 149-158
    • Prineas, J.W.1    Graham, J.S.2
  • 143
    • 0021072683 scopus 로고
    • Attachment of myelin to coated pits on macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Epstein, L.G.; Prineas, J.W.; Raine, C.S. Attachment of myelin to coated pits on macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1983, 61, 341-348.
    • (1983) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 341-348
    • Epstein, L.G.1    Prineas, J.W.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 145
    • 0142259710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system
    • Ransohoff, R.M.; Kivisakk, P.; Kidd, G. Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 3, 569-581.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 569-581
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1    Kivisakk, P.2    Kidd, G.3
  • 147
    • 0035179406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-benefit assessment of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis
    • Ziemssen, T.; Neuhaus, O.; Hohlfeld, R. Risk-benefit assessment of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis. Drug Saf. 2001, 24, 979-990.
    • (2001) Drug Saf. , vol.24 , pp. 979-990
    • Ziemssen, T.1    Neuhaus, O.2    Hohlfeld, R.3
  • 149
    • 2942594278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Glatiramer acetate inhibits monocyte reactivity in vitro and in vivo
    • Weber, M.S.; Starck, M.; Wagenpfeil, S.; Meinl, E.; Hohlfeld, R.; Farina, C. Multiple sclerosis: glatiramer acetate inhibits monocyte reactivity in vitro and in vivo. Brain 2004, 127, 1370-1378.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 1370-1378
    • Weber, M.S.1    Starck, M.2    Wagenpfeil, S.3    Meinl, E.4    Hohlfeld, R.5    Farina, C.6
  • 150
    • 84981795109 scopus 로고
    • Agar-Gel Micro-Electrophoresis of Proteins in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Normal and Pathological Findings
    • Clausen, J.; Matzke, J.; Gerhardt, W. Agar-Gel Micro-Electrophoresis of Proteins in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Normal and Pathological Findings. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 1964, 40, 49-56.
    • (1964) Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. , vol.40 , pp. 49-56
    • Clausen, J.1    Matzke, J.2    Gerhardt, W.3
  • 151
    • 84867535127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permeating the blood brain barrier and abrogating the inflammation in stroke: Implications for stroke therapy
    • Borlongan, C.V.; Glover, L.E.; Sanberg, P.R.; Hess, D.C. Permeating the blood brain barrier and abrogating the inflammation in stroke: Implications for stroke therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2012, 18, 3670-3676.
    • (2012) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.18 , pp. 3670-3676
    • Borlongan, C.V.1    Glover, L.E.2    Sanberg, P.R.3    Hess, D.C.4
  • 152
    • 79961122749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate treatment directly targets CD11b(+)Ly6G(-) monocytes and enhances the suppression of autoreactive T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Toker, A.; Slaney, C.Y.; Backstrom, B.T.; Harper, J.L. Glatiramer acetate treatment directly targets CD11b(+)Ly6G(-) monocytes and enhances the suppression of autoreactive T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scand. J. Immunol. 2011, 74, 235-243.
    • (2011) Scand. J. Immunol. , vol.74 , pp. 235-243
    • Toker, A.1    Slaney, C.Y.2    Backstrom, B.T.3    Harper, J.L.4
  • 153
    • 0043092056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein S-100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of neurological patients
    • Lamers, K.J.; Vos, P.; Verbeek, M.M.; Rosmalen, F.; van Geel, W.J.; van Engelen, B.G. Protein S-100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of neurological patients. Brain Res. Bull. 2003, 61, 261-264.
    • (2003) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.61 , pp. 261-264
    • Lamers, K.J.1    Vos, P.2    Verbeek, M.M.3    Rosmalen, F.4    van Geel, W.J.5    van Engelen, B.G.6
  • 154
    • 0344198593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate-specific T cells in the brain express T helper 2/3 cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in situ
    • Aharoni, R.; Kayhan, B.; Eilam, R.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Glatiramer acetate-specific T cells in the brain express T helper 2/3 cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in situ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 14157-14162.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 14157-14162
    • Aharoni, R.1    Kayhan, B.2    Eilam, R.3    Sela, M.4    Arnon, R.5
  • 155
    • 0036675279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyreactive antibodies to glatiramer acetate promote myelin repair in murine model of demyelinating disease
    • Ure, D.R.; Rodriguez, M. Polyreactive antibodies to glatiramer acetate promote myelin repair in murine model of demyelinating disease. FASEB J. 2002, 16, 1260-1262.
    • (2002) FASEB J. , vol.16 , pp. 1260-1262
    • Ure, D.R.1    Rodriguez, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.