An Intricate Dance: Life Experience, Multisystem Resiliency, and Rate of Telomere Decline Throughout the Lifespan

Social and Personality Psychology Compass

Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 807-825

  Puterman, Eli ^a   Epel, Elissa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868633854     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17519004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00465.x     Document Type: Review

References (181)

1. Adams, J., Martin-Ruiz, C., Pearce, M. S., White, M., Parker, L., & von Zglinicki, T. (2007). No association between socio-economic status and white blood cell telomere length. Aging Cell, 6, 125-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00258.x.
2. Adler, N. E., & Rehkopf, D. H. (2008). US disparities in health: Descriptions, causes, and mechanisms. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 235-252.
3. Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. (2010a). Health disparities across the lifespan: Meaning, methods, and mechanisms. Biology of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status and Health, 1186, 5-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05337.x.
4. Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. (2010b). Preface to the biology of disadvantage: Socioeconomic status and health. Biology of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status and Health, 1186, 1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05385.x.
5. Agrigoroaei, S., & Lachman, M. E. (2011). Cognitive functioning in midlife and old age: Combined effects of psychosocial and behavioral factors. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B, i130-i140. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr017.
6. Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 417-436. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.121.3.417.
7. Batty, G. D., Wang, Y., Brouilette, S. W., Shiels, P., Packard, C., Moore, J. et al. (2009). Socioeconomic status and telomere length: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63, 839-841. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.088427.
8. Baum, A., Garofalo, J. P., & Yali, A. M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and chronic stress - Does stress account for SES effects on health? Socioeconomic Status and Health in Industrial Nations, 896, 131-144.
9. Bekaert, S., De Meyer, T., & Van Oostveldt, P. (2005). Telomere attrition as ageing biomarker. Anticancer Research, 25, 3011-3021.
10. Benetos, A., Gardner, J. P., Zureik, M., Labat, C., Lu, X. B., Adamopoulos, C. et al. (2004). Short telomeres are associated with increased carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive subjects. Hypertension, 43, 182-185. doi: 10.1161/01.Hyp.0000113081.42868.F4.
11. Ben-Porath, I., & Weinberg, R. A. (2005). The signals and pathways activating cellular senescence. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 37, 961-976. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.10.013.
12. Ben-Shlomo, Y., & Kuh, D. (2002). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 285-293. doi: 10.1093/ije/31.2.285.
13. Bernardes de Jesus, B., Vera, E., Schneeberger, K., Tejera, A. M., Ayuso, E., Bosch, F. et al. (2012). Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 4, 691-704. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201200245.
14. Biron-Shental, T., Halevy, R. S., Goldberg-Bittman, L., Kidron, D., Fejgin, M. D., & Amiel, A. (2010). Telomeres are shorter in placental trophoblasts of pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Early Human Development, 86, 451-456. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.002.
15. Blackburn, E. H. (2000a). The end of the (DNA) line. Nature Structural Biology, 7, 847-850.
16. Blackburn, E. H. (2000b). Telomere states and cell fates. Nature, 408, 53-56.
17. Blackburn, E. H. (2001). Switching and signaling at the telomere. Cell, 106, 661-673.
18. Blackburn, E. H. (2005). Telomerase and Cancer. Molecular Cancer Research, 3, 477-482. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-05-0147.
19. Blackburn, E. H. (2010). Telomeres and telomerase: The means to the end (Nobel Lecture). Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 49, 7405-7421. doi: 10.1002/anie.201002387.
20. Blasco, M. A., Lee, H. W., Hande, M. P., Samper, E., Lansdorp, P. M., DePinho, R. A. et al. (1997). Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA. Cell, 91, 25-34.
21. Blechert, J., Sheppes, G., Di Tella, C., Williams, H., & Gross, J. J. (2012). See what you think. Psychological Science, 23, 346-353. doi: 10.1177/0956797612438559.
22. Bolger, N., & Schilling, E. A. (1991). Personality and the problems of everyday life: The role of neuroticism in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Journal of Personality, 59, 355-386.
23. Bolger, N., & Zuckerman, A. (1995). A framework for studying personality in the stress process. [Article]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 890-902. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.69.5.890.
24. Brydon, L., Lin, J., Butcher, L., Hamer, M., Erusalimsky, J. D., Blackburn, E. H. et al. (2012). Hostility and Cellular Aging in Men from the Whitehall II Cohort. Biological Psychiatry, 71, 767-773. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.020.
25. Calado, R. T., & Young, N. S. (2009). Mechanisms of disease: Telomere diseases. New England Journal of Medicine, 361, 2353-2365.
26. Campisi, J. (2003). Cellular senescence and apoptosis: How cellular responses might influence aging phenotypes. Experimental Gerontology, 38, 5-11.
27. Campisi, J., Andersen, J. K., Kapahi, P., & Melov, S. (2011). Cellular senescence: A link between cancer and age-related degenerative disease? Seminars in Cancer Biology, 21, 354-359. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.09.001.
28. Carroll, J. E., Diez Roux, A. V., Fitzpatrick, A., & Seeman, T. E. (2012, March). Emotional Social Support is Positively Associated with Late Life Telomere Length: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society, Athens, Greece.
29. Cassidy, A., De Vivo, I., Liu, Y., Han, J. L., Prescott, J., Hunter, D. J. et al. (2010). Associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and telomere length in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, 1273-1280. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28947.
30. Cawthon, R. M., Smith, K. R., O'Brien, E., Sivatchenko, A., & Kerber, R. A. (2003). Association between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60years or older. Lancet, 361, 393-395.
31. Chen, E., Hanson, M. D., Paterson, L. Q., Griffin, M. J., Walker, H. A., & Miller, G. E. (2006). Socioeconomic status and inflammatory processes in childhood asthma: The role of psychological stress. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117, 1014-1020. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.036.
32. Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Kobor, M. S., & Cole, S. W. (2011). Maternal warmth buffers the effects of low early-life socioeconomic status on pro-inflammatory signaling in adulthood. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 729-737. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.53.
33. Chen, E., Strunk, R. C., Trethewey, A., Schreier, H. M. C., Maharaj, N., & Miller, G. E. (2011). Resilience in low-socioeconomic-status children with asthma: Adaptations to stress. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 128, 970-976. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.040.
34. Chen, W., Kimura, M., Kim, S., Cao, X., Srinivasan, S. R., Berenson, G. S. et al. (2011). Longitudinal versus cross-sectional evaluations of leukocyte telomere length dynamics: Age-dependent telomere shortening is the rule. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66, 312-319. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq223.
35. Cherkas, L. F., Aviv, A., Valdes, A. M., Hunkin, J. L., Gardner, J. P., Surdulescu, G. L. et al. (2006). The effects of social status on biological aging as measured by white-blood-cell telomere length. Aging Cell, 5, 361-365. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00222.x.
36. Cherkas, L. F., Hunkin, J. L., Kato, B. S., Richards, J. B., Gardner, J. P., Surdulescu, G. L. et al. (2008). The association between physical activity in leisure time and leukocyte telomere length. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 154-158.
37. Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676-684. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.59.8.676.
38. Damjanovic, A. K., Yang, Y. H., Glaser, R., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Nguyen, H., Laskowski, B. et al. (2007). Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with a declining immune function of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of Immunology, 179, 4249-4254.
39. De Bellis, M. D., Spratt, E. G., & Hooper, S. R. (2011). Neurodevelopmental biology associated with childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 20, 548-587. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2011.607753.
40. De Meyer, T. (2011). Telomere length integrates psychological factors in the successful aging story, but what about the biology? Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 524-527. doi: 10.1097/Psy.0b013e31822ed876.
41. Demissie, S., Levy, D., Benjamin, E. J., Cupples, L. A., Gardner, J. P., Herbert, A. et al. (2006). Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, hypertension, and leukocyte telomere length in men from the Framingham Heart Study. Aging Cell, 5, 325-330. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00224.x.
42. Diaz, V. A., Mainous, A. G., Player, M. S., & Everett, C. J. (2010). Telomere length and adiposity in a racially diverse sample. International Journal of Obesity, 34, 261-265. doi: 10.1038/Ijo.2009.198.
43. Dickerson, S. S. (2008). Emotional and physiological responses to social-evaluative threat. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1362-1378.
44. Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). When the social self is threatened: Shame, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1191-1216.
45. Diez-Roux, A. V. D., Ranjit, N., Jenny, N. S., Shea, S., Cushman, M., Fitzpatrick, A. et al. (2009). Race/ethnicity and telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Aging Cell, 8, 251-257. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00470.x.
46. Elgert, K. D. (2009). Immunology: Understanding the Immune System. Hobeken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
47. Elvsashagen, T., Vera, E., Boen, E., Bratlie, J., Andreassen, O. A., Josefsen, D. et al. (2011). The load of short telomeres is increased and associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135, 43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.006.
48. Engels, R., Dekovic, M., & Meeus, W. (2002). Parenting practices, social skills and peer relationships in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality, 30, 3-17. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2002.30.1.3.
49. Entringer, S., Epel, E. S., Kumsta, R., Lin, J., Hellhammer, D. H., Blackburn, E. H. et al. (2011). Stress exposure in intrauterine life is associated with shorter telomere length in young adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, E513-E518. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107759108.
50. Epel, E. S. (2009a). Psychological and metabolic stress: A recipe for accelerated cellular aging? Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 8, 7-22.
51. Epel, E. S. (2009b). Telomeres in a life-span perspective: A new psychobiomarker? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 6-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01596.x.
52. Epel, E. S., Blackburn, E. H., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Adler, N. E., Morrow, J. D. et al. (2004). Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 17312-17315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407162101.
53. Epel, E. S., Lin, J., Wilhelm, F. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Cawthon, R., Adler, N. E. et al. (2006). Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 277-287. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.08.011.
54. Epel, E. S., McEwen, B. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (1998). Embodying psychological thriving: Physical thriving in response to stress. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 301-322. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01220.x.
55. Epel, E. S., Merkin, S. S., Cawthon, R., Blackburn, E. H., Adler, N. E., Pletcher, M. J. et al. (2009). The rate of leukocyte telomere shortening predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly men. Aging-Us, 1, 81-88.
56. Fagundes, C. P., Bennett, J. M., Derry, H. M., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2011). Relationships and inflammation across the lifespan: Social developmental pathways to disease. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 891-903. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00392.x.
57. Farzaneh-Far, R., Lin, J., Epel, E. S., Harris, W. S., Blackburn, E. H., & Whooley, M. A. (2010). Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 250-257.
58. Farzaneh-Far, R., Lin, J., Epel, E. S., Lapham, K., Blackburn, E., & Whooley, M. A. (2010). Telomere length trajectory and its determinants in persons with coronary artery disease: Longitudinal findings from the heart and soul study. PLoS ONE, 5, e8612. doi: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0008612. [online]. Retrieved on 7 October 2011 from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008612.
59. Fenoglio, K. A., Brunson, K. L., & Baram, T. Z. (2006). Hippocampal neuroplasticity induced by early-life stress: Functional and molecular aspects. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 27, 180-192. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.02.001.
60. Fernandez-Egea, E., Bernardo, M., Heaphy, C. M., Griffith, J. K., Parellada, E., Esmatjes, E. et al. (2009). Telomere length and pulse pressure in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive patients with nonaffective psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 437-442. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbn169.
61. Fitzpatrick, A. L., Kronmal, R. A., Gardner, J. P., Psaty, B. M., Jenny, N. S., Tracy, R. P. et al. (2007). Leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study. [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165, 14-21. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj346.
62. Fitzpatrick, A. L., Kronmal, R. A., Kimura, M., Gardner, J. P., Psaty, B. M., Jenny, N. S. et al. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length and mortality in the cardiovascular health study. Journals of Gerontology Series a-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66, 421-429. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq224.
63. Gallo, L. C., Fortmann, A. L., Roesch, S. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Elder, J. P., de Los Monteros, K. E. et al. (2011). Socioeconomic status, psychosocial resources and risk, and cardiometabolic risk in Mexican-American women. Health Psychology, 31, 334-342. doi: 10.1037/a0025689.
64. Ganzel, B. L., Morris, P. A., & Wethington, E. (2010). Allostasis and the human brain: Integrating models of stress from the social and life sciences. Psychological review, 117, 134-174.
65. Gardner, J. P., Li, S. X., Srinivasan, S. R., Chen, W., Kimura, M., Lu, X. B. et al. (2005). Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. Circulation, 111, 2171-2177. doi: 10.1161/01.Cir.0000163550.70487.0.b.
66. Gee, G. C., Ryan, A., Laflamme, D. J., & Holt, J. (2006). Self-reported discrimination and mental health status among African descendants, Mexican Americans, and other Latinos in the New Hampshire REACH 2010 Initiative: The added dimension of immigration. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1821-1828. doi: 10.2105/Ajph.2005.080085.
67. Geronimus, A. T. (1992). The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: Evidence and speculations. Ethnicity & disease, 2, 207-221.
68. Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D., & Bound, J. (2006). "Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 826-833. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.060749.
69. Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. L. (2008). Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 61-73.
70. Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 577-586. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.031.
71. Gouin, J. P., Glaser, R., Malarkey, W. B., Beversdolf, D., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. (2012). Chronic stress, daily stressors, and circulating inflammatory markers. Health Psychology, 31, 264-268. doi: 10.1037/A0025536.
72. Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, Jan 1998, 224-237.
73. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, Aug 2003, 348-362.
74. Hartmann, N., Boehner, M., Groenen, F., & Kalb, R. (2010). Telomere length of patients with major depression is shortened but independent from therapy and severity of the disease. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 1111-1116. doi: 10.1002/Da.20749.
75. Haussmann, M. F., Longenecker, A. S., Marchetto, N. M., Juliano, S. A., & Bowden, R. M. (2011). Embryonic exposure to corticosterone modifies the juvenile stress response, oxidative stress and telomere length. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 17321447-17321456. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1913.
76. He, C., Bassik, M. C., Moresi, V., Sun, K., Wei, Y., Zou, Z. et al. (2012). Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. [10.1038/nature10758.]. Nature, 481, 511-515. doi: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7382/abs/nature10758.html. - supplementary-information.
77. Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2001). The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: Preclinical and clinical studies. [Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review]. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 1023-1039.
78. Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002). Neurobiology of early life stress: Clinical studies. [Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review]. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 7, 147-159.
79. Heim, C., Shugart, M., Craighead, W. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2010). Neurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect. [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review]. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 671-690. doi: 10.1002/dev.20494.
80. Hertzman, C. (1999). The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 85-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x.
81. Hoen, P. W., de Jonge, P., Na, B. Y., Farzaneh-Far, R., Epel, E. S., Lin, J. et al. (2011). Depression and leukocyte telomere length in patients with coronary heart disease: Data from the heart and soul study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 541-547. doi: 10.1097/Psy.0b013e31821b1f6.e.
82. Humphreys, J., Epel, E. S., Cooper, B. A., Lin, J., Blackburn, E. H., & Lee, K. A. (2011). Telomere shortening in formerly abused and never abused women. Biological Research for Nursing, 14, 2115-2123. doi: 10.1177/1099800411398479.
83. Jackowski, A., Perera, T. D., Abdallah, C. G., Garrido, G., Tang, C. Y., Martinez, J. et al. (2011). Early-life stress, corpus callosum development, hippocampal volumetrics, and anxious behavior in male nonhuman primates. Psychiatry Research, 192, 37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.11.006.
84. Jacobs, T. L., Epel, E. S., Lin, J., Blackburn, E. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Bridwell, D. A. et al. (2011). Intensive meditation training, immune cell telomerase activity, and psychological mediators. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36, 664-681. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.09.010.
85. Jaskelioff, M., Muller, F. L., Paik, J. H., Thomas, E., Jiang, S., Adams, A. C. et al. (2011). Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice. Nature, 469, 102-U1700. doi: 10.1038/Nature09603.
86. Jennings, B. J., Ozanne, S. E., Dorling, M. W., & Hales, C. N. (1999). Early growth determines longevity in male rats and may be related to telomere shortening in the kidney. Febs Letters, 448, 4-8.
87. John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality. Special Issue: Emotions, Personality, and Health, 72, Dec 2004, 1301-1333.
88. Kananen, L., Surakka, I., Pirkola, S., Suvisaari, J., Lonnqvist, J., Peltonen, L. et al. (2010). Childhood adversities are associated with shorter telomere length at adult age both in individuals with an anxiety disorder and controls. PLoS ONE, 5, e10826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010826.
89. Karatsoreos, I. N., & McEwen, B. S. (2011). Psychobiological allostasis: resistance, resilience and vulnerability. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 576-584.
90. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2008). How stress kills: New perspectives on stress and inflammation. Psychology & Health, 23, 16.
91. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Gouin, J. P., & Hantsoo, L. (2010). Close relationships, inflammation, and health. [Review]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.09.003.
92. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Gouin, J. P., Weng, N. P., Malarkey, W. B., Beversdorf, D. Q., & Glaser, R. (2011). Childhood adversity heightens the impact of later-life caregiving stress on telomere length and inflammation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 16-22. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31820573b6.
93. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Newton, T. L. (2001). Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 472-503. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.4.472.
94. Kiefer, A., Lin, J., Blackburn, E. H., & Epel, E. S. (2008). Dietary restraint and telomere length in pre- and postmenopausal women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 845-849. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318187d05.e.
95. Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The Trier Social Stress Test - A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 76-81. doi: 10.1159/000119004.
96. Krauss, J., Farzaneh-Far, R., Puterman, E., Na, B., Lin, J., Epel, E. S. et al. (2011). Physical fitness and telomere length in patients with coronary heart disease: Findings from the heart and soul study. PLoS ONE, 6, e26983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026983.
97. Lachman, M. E., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2010). Promoting functional health in midlife and old age: Long-term protective effects of control beliefs, social support, and physical exercise. PLoS ONE, 5, e13297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013297.
98. LaRocca, T. J., Seals, D. R., & Pierce, G. L. (2010). Leukocyte telomere length is preserved with aging in endurance exercise-trained adults and related to maximal aerobic capacity. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 131, 165-167. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.12.009.
99. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping (p. 456). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
100. Lee, M., Martin, H., Firpo, M. A., & Demerath, E. W. (2011). Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The fels longitudinal study. American Journal of Human Biology, 23, 100-106. doi: 10.1002/Ajhb.21109.
101. Leri, A., Franco, S., Zacheo, A., Barlucchi, L., Chimenti, S., Limana, F. et al. (2003). Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure associated with p53 upregulation. Embo Journal, 22, 131-139.
102. Lewis, T. T., Everson-Rose, S. A., Powell, L. H., Matthews, K. A., Brown, C., Karavolos, K. et al. (2006). Chronic exposure to everyday discrimination and coronary artery calcification in African-American women: The SWAN heart study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 362-368. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000221360.94700.16.
103. Liang, G. Y., Schernhammer, E., Qi, L., Gao, X., De Vivo, I., & Han, J. L. (2011). Associations between rotating night shifts, sleep duration, and telomere length in women. PLoS ONE, 6, e23462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023462.
104. Low, C. A., Matthews, K. A., Kuller, L. H., & Edmundowicz, D. (2011). Psychosocial predictors of coronary artery calcification progression in postmenopausal women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 789-794. doi: 10.1097/Psy.0b013e318236b68.a.
105. Ludlow, A. T., Zimmerman, J. B., Witkowski, S., Hearn, J. W., Hatfield, B. D., & Roth, S. M. (2008). Relationship between physical activity level, telomere length, and telomerase activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 1764-1771.
106. Lung, F. W., Ku, C. S., & Kao, W. T. (2008). Telomere length may be associated with hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, 22, 230-232. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002314.
107. Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 434-445. doi: 10.1038/Nrn2639.
108. Mainous, A. G., Everett, C. J., Diaz, V. A., Baker, R., Mangino, M., Codd, V. et al. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length and marital status among middle-aged adults. Age and Ageing, 40, 73-78. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq118.
109. McCrory, E., De Brito, S. A., & Viding, E. (2010). Research review: The neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review]. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 1079-1095. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02271.x.
110. McEwen, B. S. (2003). Mood disorders and allostatic load. [Article; Proceedings Paper]. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 200-207. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00177-x.
111. McEwen, B. S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87, 873-904. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2006.
112. McRae, K., Hughes, B., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2009). The neural bases of distraction and reappraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 248-262. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21243.
113. McRae, K., Jacobs, S. E., Ray, R. D., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Individual differences in reappraisal ability: Links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.003.
114. Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Cole, S. W. (2009). Health psychology: Developing biologically plausible models linking the social world and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 501-524. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.
115. Miller, G. E., Lachman, M. E., Chen, E., Gruenewald, T. L., Karlamangla, A. S., & Seeman, T. E. (2011). Pathways to resilience: Maternal nurturance as a buffer against the effects of childhood poverty on metabolic syndrome at midlife. Psychological science, 22, 1591-1599. doi: 10.1177/0956797611419170.
116. Nettleton, J. A., Diez-Roux, A., Jenny, N. S., Fitzpatrick, A. L., & Jacobs, D. R. (2008). Dietary patterns, food groups, and telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88, 1405-1412. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26429.
117. Njajou, O. T., Cawthon, R. M., Blackburn, E. H., Harris, T. B., Li, R., & Sanders, J. L et al. (forthcoming). Shorter telomeres are associated with obesity and weight gain in the elderly. International journal of obesity. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.196.
118. O'Donnell, C. J., Demissie, S., Kimura, M., Levy, D., Gardner, J. P., White, C. et al. (2008). Leukocyte telomere length and carotid artery intimal medial thickness - The Framingham Heart Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 28, 1165-1171. doi: 10.1161/Atvbaha.107.154849.
119. O'Donovan, A., Epel, E. S., Lin, J., Wolkowitz, O., Cohen, B., Maguen, S. et al. (2011). Childhood trauma associated with short leukocyte telomere length in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 70, 465-471. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.035.
120. O'Donovan, A., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Wolkowitz, O., Tillie, J. M., Blackburn, E. H. et al. (2009). Pessimism correlates with leukocyte telomere shortness and elevated interleukin-6 in post-menopausal women. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 23, 446-449. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.11.006.
121. O'Donovan, A., Pantell, M. S., Puterman, E., Dhabhar, F. S., Blackburn, E. H., Yaffe, K. et al. (2011). Cumulative inflammatory load is associated with short leukocyte telomere length in the health, aging and body composition study. PLoS ONE, 6. e19687. doi: e19687. 10.1371/journal.pone.0019687.
122. O'Donovan, A., Tomiyama, A. J., Lin, J., Puterman, E., Adler, N. E., Kemeny, M. et al. (2012). Stress appraisals and cellular aging: A key role for anticipatory threat in the relationship between psychological stress and telomere length. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26, 573-579. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.007.
123. O'Garra, A., & Vieira, P. (2004). Regulatory T cells and mechanisms of immune system control. [10.1038/nm0804-801.]. Nature Medicine, 10, 801-805.
124. Ornish, D., Lin, J., Daubenmier, J., Weidner, G., Epel, E. S., Kemp, C. et al. (2008). Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: A pilot study. Lancet Oncology, 9, 1048-1057. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70234-1.
125. Parker, S., Nelson, B., Epel, E. S., & Siegel, D. (forthcoming). The science of presence: A central mediator of the interpersonal benefits of mindfulness. In K. W. Brown, J. D. Creswell & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of Mindfulness: Theory and Research. New York: Guilford Press.
126. Parks, C. G., Miller, D. B., McCanlies, E. C., Cawthon, R. M., Andrew, M. E., DeRoo, L. A. et al. (2009). Telomere length, current perceived stress, and urinary stress hormones in women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 18, 551-560. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-08-0614.
127. Paul, L. (2011). Diet, nutrition and telomere length. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 22, 895-901. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.001.
128. Pavanello, S., Hoxha, M., Dioni, L., Bertazzi, P. A., Snenghi, R., Nalesso, A. et al. (2011). Shortened telomeres in individuals with abuse in alcohol consumption. International Journal of Cancer, 129, 983-992. doi: 10.1002/Ijc.25999.
129. Perez-Rivero, G., Ruiz-Torres, M. P., Rivas-Elena, J. V., Jerkic, M., Diez-Marques, M. L., Lopez-Novoa, J. M. et al. (2006). Mice deficient in telomerase activity develop hypertension because of an excess of endothelin production. Circulation, 114, 309-317. doi: 10.1161/Circulationaha.105.611111.
130. Pine, D. S., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Montgomery, L., Monk, C. S., McClure, E. et al. (2005). Attention bias to threat in maltreated children: Implications for vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 291-296. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.291.
131. Poortinga, W. (2007). The prevalence and clustering of four major lifestyle risk factors in an English adult population. Preventive Medicine, 44, 124-128. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.006.
132. Prather, A. A., Puterman, E., Lin, J., O'Donovan, A., Krauss, J., Tomiyama, A. J. et al. (2011). Shorter leukocyte telomere length in midlife women with poor sleep quality. Journal of Aging Research, 2011, 6, Article ID 721390. doi: 10.4061/2011./721390.
133. Puterman, E., Adler, N. E., Matthews, K. A., & Epel, E. S. (2012). Financial strain and impaired fasting glucose: The moderating role of physical activity in the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 187-192. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182448d74.
134. Puterman, E., Lin, J., Blackburn, E. H., O'Donovan, A., Adler, N. E., & Epel, E. S. (2010). The power of exercise: Buffering the effect of chronic stress on telomere length. PLoS ONE, 5, e10837. doi: e10837. 10.1371/journal.pone.0010837.
135. Puterman, E., O'Donovan, A., Adler, N. E., Tomiyama, A. J., Kemeny, M., Wolkowitz, O. M. et al. (2011). Physical activity moderates effects of stressor-induced rumination on cortisol reactivity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 604-611. doi: 10.1097/Psy.0b013e318229e1e0.
136. Raqib, R., Alam, D. S., Sarker, P., Ahmad, S. M., Ara, G., Yunus, M. et al. (2007). Low birth weight is associated with altered immune function in rural Bangladeshi children: A birth cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85, 845-852.
137. Ray, R., Ochsner, K., Cooper, J., Robertson, E., Gabrieli, J., & Gross, J. (2005). Individual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 156-168. doi: 10.3758/cabn.5.2.156.
138. Rethorst, C. D., Moynihan, J., Lyness, J. M., Heffner, K. L., & Chapman, B. P. (2011). Moderating effects of moderate-intensity physical activity in the relationship between depressive symptoms and Interleukin-6 in primary care patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 265-269. doi: 10.1097/Psy.0b013e3182108412.
139. Safdar, A., Bourgeois, J. M., Ogborn, D. I., Little, J. P., Hettinga, B. P., Akhtar, M. et al. (2011). Endurance exercise rescues progeroid aging and induces systemic mitochondrial rejuvenation in mtDNA mutator mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 4135-4140. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019581108.
140. Sahin, E., Colla, S., Liesa, M., Moslehi, J., Muller, F. L., Guo, M. et al. (2011). Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise (vol 470, pg 359, 2011). Nature, 470, 359-365. doi: 10.1038/Nature10223.
141. Schuit, A. J., van Loon, A. J., Tijhuis, M., & Ocke, M. (2002). Clustering of lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population. Preventive Medicine, 35, 219-224.
142. Seeman, T. E., Crimmins, E., Huang, M. H., Singer, B., Bucur, A., Gruenewald, T. et al. (2004). Cumulative biological risk and socio-economic differences in mortality: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Social Science & Medicine, 58, 1985-1997. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00402-7.
143. Seeman, T. E., Epel, E. S., Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2010). Socio-economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 223-239. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05341.x.
144. Seeman, T. E., Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A., Sidney, S., Liu, K. A., McEwen, B. et al. (2010). Modeling multisystem biological risk in young adults: The coronary artery risk development in young adults study. American Journal of Human Biology, 22, 463-472. doi: 10.1002/Ajhb.21018.
145. Seeman, T. E., McEwen, B., Rowe, J., & Singer, B. (2001). Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 4770-4775. doi: 10.1073/pnas.081072698.
146. Shalev, I., Moffitt, T. E., Sugden, K., Williams, B., Houts, R. M., Danese, A. et al. (forthcoming). Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10years of age: A longitudinal study. Molecular Psychiatry. doi: http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/suppinfo/mp201232s1.html.
147. Shaw, B. A., Krause, N., Chatters, L. M., Connell, C. M., & Ingersoll-Dayton, B. (2004). Emotional support from parents early in life, aging, and health. Psychology and Aging, 19, 4-12. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.4.
148. Shiels, P. G., McGlynn, L. M., MacIntyre, A., Johnson, P. C. D., Batty, G. D., Burns, H. et al. (2011). Accelerated telomere attrition is associated with relative household income, diet and inflammation in the pSoBid cohort. PLoS ONE, 6, e22521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022521.
149. Shonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009). Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 2252-2259.
150. Simon, N. M., Smoller, J. W., McNamara, K. L., Maser, R. S., Zalta, A. K., Pollack, M. H. et al. (2006). Telomere shortening and mood disorders: Preliminary support for a chronic stress model of accelerated aging. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 432-435. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.004.
151. Smogorzewska, A., & de Lange, T. (2002). Different telomere damage signaling pathways in human and mouse cells. Embo Journal, 21, 4338-4348.
152. Steptoe, A., Hamer, M., Butcher, L., Lin, J., Brydon, L., Kivimaki, M. et al. (2011). Educational attainment but not measures of current socioeconomic circumstances are associated with leukocyte telomere length in healthy older men and women. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 25, 1292-1298. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.04.010.
153. Sun, Q., Shi, L., Prescott, J., Chiuve, S. E., Hu, F. B., De Vivo, I. et al. (forthcoming). Healthy lifestyle and leukocyte telomere length in U.S. women. 7, e38374.
154. Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Pooley, K. A., Luben, R. N., Khaw, K. T., Easton, D. F. et al. (2011). Life stress, emotional health, and mean telomere length in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk population study. Journals of Gerontology Series a-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66, 1152-1162. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glr112.
155. Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Pooley, K. A., Luben, R. N., Khaw, K.-T., Easton, D. F. et al. (2012). Educational attainment and mean leukocyte telomere length in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk population study. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 26, 414-418. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.11.009.
156. Tarry-Adkins, J. L., Chen, J. H., Smith, N. S., Jones, R. H., Cherif, H., & Ozanne, S. E. (2009). Poor maternal nutrition followed by accelerated postnatal growth leads to telomere shortening and increased markers of cell senescence in rat islets. FASEB Journal, 23, 1521-1528. doi: 10.1096/Fj.08-122796.
157. Tarry-Adkins, J. L., Martin-Gronert, M. S., Chen, J. H., Cripps, R. L., & Ozanne, S. E. (2008). Maternal diet influences DNA damage, aortic telomere length, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense capacity in rats. FASEB Journal, 22, 2037-2044. doi: 10.1096/Fj.07-099523.
158. Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., Reed, G. M., Bower, J. E., & Gruenewald, T. L. (2000). Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. American Psychologist, 55, 99-109.
159. Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (1999). Psychosocial resources and the SES-health relationship. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 210-225. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08117.x.
160. Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Kao, H. T., Porton, B., Marsella, S. A., & Carpenter, L. L. (2010). Childhood maltreatment and telomere shortening: Preliminary support for an effect of early stress on cellular aging. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 531-534. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.014.
161. Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 377-387. doi: 10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5.
162. Uchino, B. N. (2009). Understanding the links between social support and physical health: A life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. [Review]. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 236-255. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x.
163. Uchino, B. N., & Birmingham, W. (2011). Stress and support processes. In R. J. Contrada & A. Baum (Eds.), The handbook of stress science: Biology, psychology, and health (pp. 111-121). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
164. Uchino, B. N., Carlisle, M., Birmingham, W., & Vaughn, A. A. (2011). Social support and the reactivity hypothesis: Conceptual issues in examining the efficacy of received support during acute psychological stress. Biological Psychology, 86, 137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.04.003.
165. Uchino, B. N., Cawthon, R. M., Smith, T. W., Light, K. C., McKenzie, J., Carlisle, M. et al. (forthcoming). Social relationships and health: Is feeling positive, negative, or both (ambivalent) about your social ties related to telomeres? Health Psychology. doi: 10.1037/a0026836.
166. Uchino, B. N., Vaughn, A. A., & Matwin, S. (2008). Social psychological processes linking personality to physical health: A multilevel analysis with emphasis on trait hostility and optimism. In F. Rhodewalt (Ed.), Personality and social behavior (pp. 251-284). New York: Psychology Press.
167. Valdes, A. M., Andrew, T., Gardner, J. P., Kimura, M., Oelsner, E., Cherkas, L. F. et al. (2005). Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet, 366, 662-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66630-5.
168. Vedhara, K., Shanks, N., Anderson, S., & Lightman, S. (2000). The role of stressors and psychosocial variables in the stress process: A study of chronic caregiver stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 374-385.
169. Vitaliano, P. P., Katon, W., & Unutzer, J. (2005). Making the case for caregiver research in geriatric psychiatry. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 834-843.
170. Werner, C., Furster, T., Widmann, T., Poss, J., Roggia, C., Hanhoun, M. et al. (2009). Physical exercise prevents cellular senescence in circulating leukocytes and in the vessel wall. Circulation, 120, 2438-+.doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.861005.
171. Werner, C., Hanhoun, M., Widmann, T., Kazakov, A., Semenov, A., Poss, J. et al. (2008). Effects of physical exercise on myocardial telomere-regulating proteins, survival pathways, and apoptosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52, 470-482. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.034.
172. West, M. D., Coles, L. S., & Harris, S. B. (2010). In G. M. Fahy, M. D. West, L. S. Coles & S. B. Harris (Eds.), The Future of Aging: Pathways to Human Life Extension. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
173. Wikgren, M., Maripuu, M., Karlsson, T., Nordfjall, K., Bergdahl, J., Hultdin, J. et al. (2012). Short telomeres in depression and the general population are associated with a hypocortisolemic state. Biological Psychiatry, 71, 294-300. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.015.
174. Willeit, P., Willeit, J., Mayr, A., Weger, S., Oberhollenzer, F., Brandstätter, A. et al. (2010). Telomere length and risk of incident cancer and cancer mortality. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 304, 69-75. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.897.
175. Wolkowitz, O. M., Epel, E. S., & Mellon, S. (2008). When blue turns to grey: Do stress and depression accelerate cell aging? World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 9, 2-5. doi: 10.1080/15622970701875601.
176. Wolkowitz, O. M., Epel, E. S., Reus, V. I., & Mellon, S. H. (2010). Depression gets old fast: Do stress and depression accelerate cell aging? Depression and Anxiety, 27, 327-338. doi: 10.1002/da.20686.
177. Wolkowitz, O. M., Mellon, S. H., Epel, E. S., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Su, Y. L. et al. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length in major depression: Correlations with chronicity, inflammation and oxidative stress - preliminary findings. PLoS ONE, 6, e17837. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017837.
178. Wong, L. S. M., Oeseburg, H., de Boer, R. A., van Gilst, W. H., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & van der Harst, P. (2009). Telomere biology in cardiovascular disease: The TERC(-/-) mouse as a model for heart failure and ageing. Cardiovascular Research, 81, 244-252. doi: 10.1093/Cvr/Cvn337.
179. von Zglinicki, T., & Martin-Ruiz, C. M. (2005). Telomeres as biomarkers for ageing and age-related diseases. Current Molecular Medicine, 5, 197-203.
180. Zheng, M., Uchino, T., Kaku, T., Kang, L., Wang, Y., Takebayashi, S. et al. (2006). Lysophosphatidylcholine augments Ca(v)3.2 but not Ca(v)3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channel current expressed in HEK-293 cells. [In Vitro]. Pharmacology, 76, 192-200. doi: 10.1159/000092041.
181. Zhu, H. D., Wang, X. L., Gutin, B., Davis, C. L., Keeton, D., Thomas, J. et al. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length in healthy caucasian and African-American adolescents: Relationships with race, sex, adiposity, adipokines, and physical activity. Journal of Pediatrics, 158, 215-220. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.007.