Working in our sleep: Sleep and self-regulation in organizations

Organizational Psychology Review

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 234-257

  Barnes, Christopher M ^a  

^a PAMPLIN COLLEGE OF BUSINESS   (United States)

Author keywords

Deviant counterproductive behavior; Emotions and moods; Job attitudes beliefs values

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868308754     PISSN: 20413866     EISSN: 20413874     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2041386612450181     Document Type: Article

References (174)

1. Akerstedt, T., Fredlund, P., Gillberg, M., & Jansson, B. (2002). Work load and work hours in relation to disturbed sleep and fatigue in a large representative sample. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 585–588.
2. Akerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2002). Sleep disturbances, work stress and work hours – A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 741–748.
3. Altena, E., van Der Werf, Y., Sans-Arigita, E. J., Voorn, T. A., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Kuijer, J. P. A., & van Someren, E. J. W. (2008). Prefrontal hypoactivation and recovery in insomnia. Sleep, 31, 1271–1276.
4. Anderson, C., & Dickinson, D. L. (2010). Bargaining and trust: The effects of 36-h total sleep deprivation on socially interactive decisions. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 54–63.
5. Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452–471.
6. Aram, J. D. (1989). The paradox of interdependent relations in the field of social-issues in management. Academy of Management Review, 14, 266–283.
7. Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 338–375.
8. Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York, NY: Basic Books.
9. Babkoff, H., Caspy, T., Mikulincer, M., & Sing, H. C. (1991). Monotonic and rhythmic influences: A challenge for sleep deprivation research. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 411–428.
10. Banks, S. J., Eddy, K. T., Angstadt, M., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2007). Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 2, 303–312.
11. Banks, S., van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., & Dinges, D. F. (2010). Neurobehavioral dynamics following chronic sleep restriction: Doseresponse effects of one night for recovery. Sleep, 33, 1013–1026.
12. Baranski, J. V., Cian, C., Esquievie, D., Pigeau, R. A., & Raphel, C. (1998). Modafinil during 64 hr of sleep deprivation: Dose-related effects on fatigue, alertness, and cognitive performance. Military Psychology, 10, 173–193.
13. Barber, L. K., & Munz, D. C. (2011). Consistentsufficient sleep predicts improvements in self-regulatory performance and psychological strain. Stress and Health, 27, 314–324.
14. Barnes, C. M. (2011). ‘‘I’ll sleep when I’m dead’’: Managing those too busy to sleep. Organizational Dynamics, 40(1), 18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn. 2010.10.001
15. Barnes, C. M., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (2009). Sleep deprivation and teams: Burning the midnight oil or playing with fire? Academy of Management Review, 34, 56–66.
16. Barnes, C. M., Hollenbeck, J. R., Jundt, D. K., DeRue, D. S., & Harmon, S. J. (2011). Mixing individual and group incentives: Best of both worlds or social dilemma? Journal of Management, 37, 1611–1635. doi: 10.1177/0149206309 360845
17. Barnes, C. M., Schaubroeck, J. M., Huth, M., & Ghumman, S. (2011). Lack of sleep and unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115, 169–180. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.009
18. Barnes, C. M., & van Dyne, L. (2009). ‘‘I’m tired:’’ Differential effects of physical and emotional fatigue on workload management strategies. Human Relations, 62, 57–90. doi: 10.1177/0018 726708099518
19. Barnes, C. M., & Wagner, D. T. (2009). Changing to daylight saving time cuts into sleep and increases workplace injuries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1305–1317. doi: 10.1037/a0015320
20. Barnes, C. M., Wagner, D. T., & Ghumman, S. (in press). Borrowing from sleep to pay work and family: Expanding time-based conflict to the broader non-work domain. Personnel Psychology.
21. Basner, M., Rubinstein, J., Fomberstein, K. M., Coble, M. C., Ecker, A., Avinash, D., & Dinges, D. F. (2008). Effects of night work, sleep loss and time on task on simulated threat detection performance. Sleep, 31, 1251–1259.
22. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252–1265.
23. Beaumont, M. D., Batejat, D., Pierard, C., Coste, O., Doireau, P., van Beers, P.,… Lagarde, D. (2001). Slow release caffeine and prolonged (64-h) continuous wakefulness: Effects on vigilance and cognitive performance. Journal of Sleep Research, 10, 265–276.
24. Beauregard, M., Levesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Neural correlates of conscious selfregulation of emotion. Journal of Neuroscience, 21(RC165), 1–6.
25. Belenky, G., Wesensten, N. J., Thorne, D. R., Thomas, M., Sing, H. C., Redmond, D. P., … Balkin, T. J. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: A sleep dose-response study. Journal of Sleep Research, 12, 1–12.
26. Benbadis, S. R. (2006). Introduction to EEG. In T. Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 989–1024). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.
27. Biddle, J. E., & Hamermesh, D. S. (1990). Sleep and the allocation of time. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 922–943.
28. Blagrove, M., & Akehurst, L. (2001). Personality and the modulation of effects of sleep loss on mood and cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 819–828.
29. Bliese, P. D., Wesensten, N. J., & Balkin, T. J. (2006). Age and individual variability in performance during sleep restriction. Journal of Sleep Research, 15, 376–385.
30. Borbely, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999). Sleep homeostasis and models of sleep regulation. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 14, 557–568.
31. Bower, B., Bylsma, L. M., Morris, B. H., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Poor reported sleep quality predicts low positive affect in daily life among healthy and mood-disordered persons. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 323–332.
32. Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1997). Daytime sleepiness: An epidemiological study of young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1649–1653.
33. Buysee, D. J., Thompson, W., Scott, J., Franzen, P. L., Germain, A., Hall, M., … Kupfer, D. J. (2007). Daytime symptoms in primary insomnia: A prospective analysis using ecological momentary assessment. Sleep Medicine, 8, 198–208.
34. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Bernston, G. G. (1999). The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 839–855.
35. Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., & Schmidt, R. M. (2008). Alertness management strategies for operational contexts. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12, 257–273.
36. Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Brown, D. L., & Smith, J. K. (2004). The effects of 37 hours of continuous wakefulness on the physiological arousal, cognitive performance, self-reported mood, and simulator flight performance of F-117A pilots. Military Psychology, 16, 163–181.
37. Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2008). Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963–2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1062–1081.
38. Christian, M. S., & Ellis, A. P. J. (2011). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self-regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 913–934.
39. Chuah, L. Y. M., Dolcos, F., Chen, A. K., Zheng, H., Parimal, S., & Chee, M. W. L. (2010). Sleep deprivation and interference by emotional distractors. Sleep, 33, 1305–1313.
40. Colquitt, J. A. (2008). Publishing laboratory research in AMJ: A question of when, not if. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 616–620.
41. Coombs, C. H. (1973). Reparameterization of prisoners dilemma game. Behavioral Science, 18, 424–428.
42. Czeisler, C. A., Duffy, J. F., Shanahan, T. L., Brown, E. N., Mitchell, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., … Kronauer, R. E. (1999). Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. Science, 284, 2177–2181.
43. DeShon, R. P., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Schmidt, A. M., Milner, K. R., & Wiechmann, D. (2004). A multiple-goal, multilevel model of feedback effects on the regulation of individual and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 1035–1056.
44. Dijk, D. J., Duffy, J., & Czeisler, C. A. (1992). Circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance. Journal of Sleep Research, 1, 112–117.
45. Dinges, D. F., Pack, F., Williams, K., Gillen, K. A., Powell, J. W., Ott, G. E., … Pack, A. I. (1997). Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4–5 hours per night. Sleep, 20, 267–277.
46. Donovan, J. J., & Williams, K. J. (2003). Missing the mark: Effects of time and causal attributions on goal revision in response to goal-performance discrepancies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 379–390.
47. Dorrian, J., Lamond, N., Holmes, A. L., Burgess, J. H., Roach, G. D., Fletcher, A., & Dawson, D. (2003). The ability to self-monitor performance during a week of simulated night shifts. Sleep, 26, 871–877.
48. Driskell, J. E., & Mullen, B. (2005). The efficacy of naps as a fatigue countermeasure: A metaanalytic integration. Human Factors, 47, 360–377.
49. Elfenbein, H. A. (2008). Emotions in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1, 315–386.
50. Elmenhorst, D., Elmenhorst, E. M., Luks, N., Maass, H., Mueller, E. W., Vejvoda, M., … Samel, A. (2009). Performance impairment during four days partial sleep deprivation compared with acute effects of alcohol and hypoxia. Sleep Medicine, 10, 189–197.
51. Engle-Friedman, M., Riela, S., Golan, R., Ventuneac, A. M., Davis, C. M., Jefferson, A., & Major, D. (2003). The effect of sleep loss on next day effort. Journal of Sleep Research, 12, 113–124.
52. Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1055–1067.
53. Fairclough, S. H., & Houston, K. (2004). A metabolic measure of mental effort. Biological Psychology, 66, 177–190.
54. Fitness, J. (2000). Anger in the workplace: An emotion script approach to anger episodes between workers and their superiors, co-workers, and subordinates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 147–162.
55. Franzen, P. L., Siegle, G. J., & Buysse, D. J. (2008). Relationships between affect, vigilance, and sleepiness following sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 34–41.
56. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden and build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
57. Frey, D. J., Badia, P., & Wright, K. P. (2004). Interand intra-individual variability in performance near the circadian nadir during sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 305–315.
58. Frijda, N. H. (1994). Varieties of affect: Emotions and episodes, moods, and sentiments. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion (pp. 59–67). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
59. Frijda, N. H. (2007). The laws of emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
60. Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., … Schmeicherl, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325–336.
61. Gallicchio, L., & Bindu, K. (2009). Sleep duration and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sleep Research, 18, 148–158.
62. Gellis, L. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2009). Sleep hygiene practices of good and poor sleepers in the United States: An Internet-based study. Behavior Therapy, 40, 1–9.
63. Ghumman, S., & Barnes, C. M. (in press). Sleep and prejudice: A resource recovery approach. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
64. Gianotti, L. R. R., Knoch, D., Faber, P. L., Lehmann, D., Pascual-Marqui, R. D., Diezi, C., … Fehr, E. (2009). Tonic activity level in the right prefrontal cortex predicts individuals’ risk taking. Psychological Science, 20, 33–38.
65. Gino, F., Schweitzer, M. E., Mead, L., & Ariely, D. (2011). Unable to resist the temptation: How selfcontrol depletion promotes unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115, 191–203.
66. Goehring, D. J., & Kahan, J. P. (1976). Uniform N-person prisoners dilemma game – Construction and test of an index of cooperation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 20, 111–128.
67. Grandey, A. A. (2003). When ‘‘the show must go on’’: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 86–96.
68. Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2004). A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 769–792.
69. Greenberg, J. (2006). Losing sleep over organizational injustice: Attenuating insomniac reactions to underpayment inequity with supervisory training in interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 58–69.
70. Greenspan, R. J., Tononi, G., Cirelli, C., & Shaw, P. J. (2001). Sleep and the fruit fly. Trends in Neurosciences, 24(3), 142–145.
71. Groeger, J. A., Zijlstra, F. R. H., & Dijk, D. J. (2004). Sleep quantity, sleep difficulties and their perceived consequences in a representative sample of some 2000 British adults. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 359–371.
72. Haavisto, M. L., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Hublin, C., Harma, M., Mutanen, P., Muller, K., … Sallinen, M. (2010). Sleep restriction for the duration of a work week impairs multitasking performance. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 444–454.
73. Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 495–525.
74. Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1991). General attitudes and organizational withdrawal – An evaluation of a causal model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39, 110–128.
75. Harrison, Y., & Horne, J. A. (1999). One night of sleep loss impairs innovative thinking and flexible decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78, 128–145.
76. Harrison, Y., & Horne, J. A. (2000). The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making: A review. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6, 236–249.
77. Harvey, A. G., Stinson, K., Whitaker, K. L., Moskovitz, D., & Virk, H. (2008). The subjective meaning of sleep quality: A comparison of individuals with and without insomnia. Sleep, 31, 383–393.
78. Hebl, M. R., King, E. B., Glick, P., Singletary, S. L., & Kazama, S. (2007). Hostile and benevolent reactions toward pregnant women: Complementary interpersonal punishments and rewards that maintain traditional roles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1499–1511.
79. Helmreich, R. L. (2000). Culture and error in space: Implications from analog environments. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 71(9), A133–A139.
80. Hobson, J. A. (2005). Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain. Nature, 437(7063), 1254–1256.
81. Hockey, G. R. J., Maule, A. J., Clough, P. J., & Bdzola, L. (2000). Effects of negative mood states on risk in everyday decision making. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 823–855.
82. Hoeksema-van Orden, C. Y. D., Buunk, B. P., & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1998). Social loafing under fatigue. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1179–1190.
83. Horne, J. A. (1993). Human sleep, sleep loss and behavior: Implications for the prefrontal cortex and psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 413–419.
84. Hursh, S.R., Redmond, D. P., Johnson, M. L., Thorne, D. R., Belenky, G., Balkin, T. J., … Eddy, D. R. (2004). Fatigue models for applied research in warfighting. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 75, A44–A53.
85. Ilies, R., & Judge, T. A. (2005). Goal regulation across time: The effects of feedback and affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 453–467.
86. Jewett, M., & Kronauer, R. E. (1999). Interactive mathematical models of subjective alertness and cognitive throughput in humans. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 14, 588–597.
87. Kahn-Greene, E. T., Killgore, D. B., Kamimori, G. H., Balkin, T. J., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2007). The effects of sleep deprivation on symptoms of psychopathology in healthy adults. Sleep Medicine, 8, 215–221.
88. Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Conrad, A. K., Kamimori, G. H., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2006). Sleep deprivation adversely affects interpersonal responses to frustration. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1433–1443.
89. Kaplan, S., & Berman, M. G. (2010). Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 43–57.
90. Kaplan, S., Bradley, J. C., Luchman, J. N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 162–176.
91. Karoly, P. (1993). Mechanisms of self-regulation: A systems view. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 23–52.
92. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Coulouvrat, C., Hajak, G., Roth, T., Shahly, V., … Walsh, J. K. (2011). Insomnia and the performance of US workers: Results from the America Insomnia Survey. Sleep, 34, 1161–1171.
93. Killgore, W. D. S., Balkin, T. J., & Wesensten, N. J. (2006). Impaired decision making following 49 h of sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 15, 7–13.
94. Killgore, W. D. S., Grugle, N. L., Reichardt, R. M., Killgore, D. B., & Balkin, T. J. (2009). Executive functions and the ability to sustain vigilance during sleep loss. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 80(2), 81–87.
95. Killgore, W. D. S., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Newman, R. A., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9, 517–526.
96. Killgore, W. D. S., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2011). Caffeine protects against increased risk-taking propensity during severe sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 20, 395–403.
97. Killgore, W. D. S., Richards, J. M., Killgore, D. B., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2007). The trait of introversion–extraversion predicts variability to sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 16, 354–363.
98. Kling, R. N., McLeod, C. B., & Koehoorn, M. (2010). Sleep problems and workplace injuries in Canada. Sleep, 33, 611–618.
99. Komorita, S. S., & Barth, J. M. (1985). Components of reward in social dilemmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 364–373.
100. Komorita, S. S., Sweeney, J., & Kravitz, D. A. (1980). Cooperative choice in the N-person dilemma situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 504–516.
101. Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person– supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281–342.
102. Kronholm, E, Partonen, T., Laatikainen, T., Peltonen, M., Harma, M., Hublin, C., … Sutela, H. (2008). Trends in self-reported sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finland from 1972 to 2005: A comparative review and re-analysis of Finnish population samples. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 54–62.
103. Kryger, M. H., Roth, T., & Dement, W.C. (2005). Principles and practice of sleep medicine (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.
104. Lahl, O., Wispel, C., Willigens, B., & Pietrowsky, R. (2008). An ultra short episode of sleep is sufficient to promote declarative memory performance. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 3–10.
105. Lavie, P. (2001). Sleep–wake as a biological rhythm. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 277–303.
106. Leiter, M. P., Laschinger, H. K., Day, A., & Oore, D. G. (2011). The impact of civility interventions on employee social behavior, distress, and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 1258–1274.
107. Lieberman, H. R., Tharion, W. J., Shukitt-Hale, B., Speckman, K. L., & Tulley, R. (2002). Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during US Navy SEAL training. Psychopharmacology, 164, 250–261.
108. Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 675–694. doi: 10.1002/job.161
109. Lim, S., & Cortina, L. M. (2005). Interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace: The interface and impact of general incivility and sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 483–496.
110. Lim, S., Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2008). Personal and workgroup incivility: Impact on work and health outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 95–107.
111. Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2010). A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 375–389.
112. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. American Psychologist, 57, 705–717.
113. Luckhaupt, S. E., Tak, S., & Calvert, G. M. (2010). The prevalence of short sleep duration by industry and occupation in the National Health Interview Survey. Sleep, 33, 149–159.
114. McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 24–59.
115. McCarley, R. W. (2007). Neurobiology of REM and NREM sleep. Sleep Medicine, 8, 302–330.
116. McKenna, B. S., Dickinson, D. L., Orff, H. J., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2007). The effects of one night of sleep deprivation on known-risk and ambiguous-risk decisions. Journal of Sleep Research, 16, 245–252.
117. Mindell, J. A., Meltzer, L. J., Carskadon, M. A., & Chervin, R. D. (2009). Developmental aspects of sleep hygiene: Findings from the 2004 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Poll. Sleep Medicine, 10, 771–779.
118. Monk, T. H., Buysse, D. J., Billy, B. D., & DeGrazia, J. M. (2004). Using nine 2-h delays to achieve a 6-h advance disrupts sleep, alertness, and circadian rhythm. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75, 1049–1057.
119. Monk, T. H., Buysse, D. J., Carrier, J., & Kupfer, D. J. (2000). Inducing jet-lag in older people: Directional asymmetry. Journal of Sleep Research, 9, 101–116.
120. Monk, T. H., Reynolds, C. F., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Coble, P. A., Hayes, A. J… . Ritenour, A. M. (1994). The Pittsburgh Sleep Diary. Journal of Sleep Research, 3, 111–120.
121. Monk, T. H., Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Berga, S. L., Jarrett, D. V., Begley, A. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997). Circadian rhythms in human performance and mood under constant conditions. Journal of Sleep Research, 6, 9–18.
122. Mu, Q., Mishory, A., Johnson, K. A., Nahas, Z., Kozel, F. A., Yamanaka, K… . George, M. S. (2005). Decreased brain activation during a working memory task at rested baseline is associated with vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Sleep, 28, 433–446.
123. Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Selfregulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247–259.
124. Murray, G., Allen, N. B., & Trinder, J. (2002). Mood and the circadian system: Investigation of a circadian component in positive affect. Chronobiology International, 19, 1151–1169.
125. Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641–666.
126. Niedhammer, I., David, S., Degioanni, S., Drum-mond, A., & Phillip, P. (2009). Workplace bullying and sleep disturbances: Findings from a large scale cross-sectional survey in the French working population. Sleep, 32, 1211–1219.
127. Nilsson, J. P., Soderstrom, M., Karlsson, A. U., Lekander, M., Akerstedt, T., Lindroth, N. E., & Axelsson, J. (2005). Less effective executive functioning after one night’s sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 14, 1–6.
128. Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2004). For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down-and upregulation of negative emotion. Neuroimage, 23, 483–499.
129. O’Donnell, D., Silva, E. J., Munch, M., Ronda, J. M., Wang, W., & Duffy, J. F. (2009). Comparison of subjective and objective assessments of sleep in healthy older subjects without sleep complaints. Journal of Sleep Research, 18, 254–263.
130. Park, S., Cho, M. J., Chang, S. M., Bae, J. N., Jeon, H. J., Cho, S. J., … Hong, J. P. (2010). Relationships of sleep duration with sociodemographic and health-related factors, psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances in a community sample of Korean adults. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 567–577.
131. Pilcher, J. J., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1996). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 19, 318–326.
132. Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 438–454.
133. Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Strecker, R. E., Thakkar, M., Bjorkum, A. A., Greene, R. W., & McCarley, R. W. (1997). Adenosine, a mediator of the sleepinducing effects of prolonged wakefulness. Science, 276(5316), 1265–1268.
134. Punjabi, N. M., Bandeen-Roche, K., Marx, J. J., Neubauer, D. N., Smith, P. L., & Schwartz, A. R. (2002). The association between daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing in NREM and REM sleep. Sleep, 25, 307–314.
135. Rajaraman, S., Gribok, A. V., Wesensten, N. J., Balkin, T. J., & Reifman, J. (2009). An improved methodology for individualized performance prediction of sleep-deprived individuals with the two-process model. Sleep, 32, 1377–1392.
136. Rapoport, A., & Eshedlevy, D. (1989). Provision of step-level public goods: Effects of greed and fear of being gypped. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44, 325–344.
137. Ravan, A. R., Bengtsson, C., Lissner, L., Lapidus, L., & Bjorkelund, C. (2010). Thirty-six-year secular trends in sleep duration and sleep satisfaction, and associations with mental stress and socioeconomic factors – Results of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 496–503.
138. Raver, J. L., & Nishii, L. H. (2010). Once, twice, or three times as harmful? Ethnic harassment, gender harassment, and generalized workplace harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 236–254.
139. Reynolds, B., & Schiffbauer, R. (2004). Measuring state changes in human delay discounting: An experiential discounting task. Behavioral Processes, 67, 343–356.
140. Rocklage, M., Williams, V., Pacheco, J., & Schnyer, D. M. (2009). White matter differences predict cognitive vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Sleep, 32, 1100–1103.
141. Rupp, T. L., Wesensten, N. J., & Balkin, T. J. (2010). Sleep history affects task acquisition during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 289–297.
142. Rupp, T. L., Wesensten, N. J., Bliese, P. D., & Balkin, T. J. (2009). Banking sleep: Realization of benefits during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery. Sleep, 32, 311–321.
143. Rusterholz, T., Durr, R., & Achermann, P. (2010). Inter-individual differences in the dynamics of sleep homeostasis. Sleep, 33, 491–498.
144. Salminen, S., Oksanen, T., Vahtera, J., Sallinen, M., Harma, M., Salo, P., … Kivimaki, M. (2010). Sleep disturbances as a predictor of occupational injuries among public sector workers. Journal of Sleep Research, 19, 207–213.
145. Salo, P., Oksanen, T., Sivertsen, B., Hall, M., Pentti, J., Virtanen, M., … Kivimaki, M. (2010). Sleep disturbances as a predictor of cause-specific work disability and delayed return to work. Sleep, 10, 1323–1331.
146. Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Liu, J. (2005). Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature, 437, 1257–1263.
147. Scott, B. A., & Barnes, C. M. (2011). A multilevel investigation of emotional labor, affect, withdrawal, and gender. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 116–136.
148. Scott, B. A., Barnes, C. M., & Wagner, D. (in press). Chameleonic or consistent? A multilevel model of self monitoring and variability in emotional labor. Academy of Management Journal.
149. Scott, B. A., & Judge, T. A. (2006). Insomnia, emotions, and job satisfaction: A multilevel study. Journal of Management, 32, 622–645.
150. Siegel, J. M. (2005). Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature, 437, 1264–1271.
151. Smith, C. (1997). Amounts of REM sleep and stage 2 required for efficient learning. Sleep Research, 26, 690–700.
152. Smith, M. E., McEvoy, L. K., & Gevins, A. (2002). The impact of moderate sleep loss on neurophysiologic signals during working-memory task performance. Sleep, 25, 784–794.
153. Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2008). ‘‘Did you have a nice evening?’’ A day-level study on recovery experiences, sleep, and affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 674–684.
154. Suen, L. K. P., Hon, L. K. E., & Tam, W. W. S. (2008). Association between sleep behavior and sleep-related factors among university students in Hong Kong. Chronobiology International, 25, 760–775.
155. Swanson, L. M., Arnedt, J. T., Rosekind, M. R., Belenky, G., Balkin, T. J., & Drake, C. (2011). Sleep disorders and work performance: Findings from the 2008 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Poll. Journal of Sleep Research, 20, 487–494.
156. Thau, S., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Self-gain or selfregulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1009–1031.
157. Thomas, M., Sing, H., Belenky, G., Holcomb, H., Mayberg, H., Dannals, R., … Redmond, D. (2000). Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairment during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. Journal of Sleep Research, 9, 335–352.
158. Tubbs, M. E. (1986). Goal setting: A meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 474–483.
159. Tucker, M. A., Hirota, Y., Wamsley, E. J., Lau, H., Chaklader, A., & Fishbein, W. (2006). A daytime nap containing solely non-REM sleep enhances declarative but not procedural memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 86, 241–247.
160. VanMaanen, J., & Kunda, G. (1989). Real feelings: Emotional expression and organizational culture. Research in Organizational Behavior, 11, 43–103.
161. Van der Helm, E., Gujar, N., & Walker, M. P. (2010). Sleep deprivation impairs the accurate recognition of human emotions. Sleep, 33, 335–342.
162. Van de Water, A. T. M., Holmes, A., & Hurley, D. A. (2011). Objective measurements of sleep for nonlaboratory settings as alternatives to polysomno-graphy – A systematic review. Journal of Sleep Research, 20, 183–200.
163. Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: Does-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 26, 117–126.
164. Venkatraman, V., Chuah, Y. M. L., Huettel, S. A., & Chee, M. W. L. (2007). Sleep deprivation elevates expectation of gains and attenuates responses to losses following risky decisions. Sleep, 30, 603–609.
165. Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., Lim, V. K. G., & Ferris, D. L. (2012). Lost sleep and cyberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a daylight saving time quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0027557
166. Walker, P., Liston, C., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002). Cognitive flexibility across the sleep– wake cycle: REM-sleep enhancement of anagram problem solving. Cognitive Brain Research, 14, 317–324.
167. Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1–74.
168. Westerlund, H., Alexanderson, K., Akerstedt, T., Hanson, L. M., Theorell, T., & Kivimaki, M. (2008). Work-related sleep disturbances and sickness absence in the Swedish working population, 1993–1999. Sleep, 8, 1169–1177.
169. Wharton, A. S., & Erickson, R. J. (1993). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple emotional roles. Academy of Management Review, 18, 457–486.
170. Whitman, D. S., van Rooy, D. L., & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Satisfaction, citizenship behaviors, and performance in work units: A meta-analysis of collective construct relations. Personnel Psychology, 63, 41–81.
171. Wofford, J. C., Goodwin, V. L., & Premack, S. (1992). Meta-analysis of the antecedents of personal goal level and of the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment. Journal of Management, 18, 595–615.
172. Wong, K. K. H., Marshall, N. S., Grunstein, R. R., Dodd, M. J., & Rogers, N. L. (2008). Comparing the neurocognitive effects of 40 h sustained wakefulness in patients with untreated OSA and health controls. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 322–330.
173. Wood, R. E., Mento, A. J., & Locke, E. A. (1987). Task complexity as a moderator of goal effects – A meta analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 416–425.
174. Yamagishi, T., & Sato, K. (1986). Motivational bases of the public-goods problem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 67–73.