Regulation of hepatic glucose uptake and storage in vivo

Advances in Nutrition

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 286-294

  Moore, Mary Courtney ^a   Coate, Katie C ^a,b   Winnick, Jason J ^a   An, Zhibo ^a,c   Cherrington, Alan D ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE KINASE; INSULIN;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL MODEL; BLOOD; DRUG EFFECT; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; LIVER; METABOLISM; PORTAL VEIN; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; REVIEW; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL;

AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN; HUMANS; INSULIN; LIVER; MODELS, ANIMAL; PORTAL VEIN; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD;

EID: 84866782730     PISSN: 21618313     EISSN: 21565376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/an.112.002089     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Fagius J. Sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic control-some basic concepts. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;177:337-43.
2. Scott EM, Greenwood JP, Vacca G, Stoker JB, Gilbey SG, Mary DA. Carbohydrate ingestion, with transient endogenous insulinaemia, produces both sympathetic activation and vasodilatation in normal humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2002;102:523-9.
3. Vollmer K, Gardiwal H, Menge BA, Goetze O, Deacon CF, Schmidt WE, Holst JJ, Meier JJ. Hyperglycemia acutely lowers the postprandial excursions of glucagon-like Peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:1379-85.
4. Krssak M, Brehm A, Bernroider E, Anderwald C, Nowotny P, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Waldhausl W, et al. Alterations in postprandial hepatic glycogen metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:3048-56.
5. Hwang JH, Perseghin G, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Magnusson I, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Impaired net hepatic glycogen synthesis in insulindependent diabetic subjects during mixed meal ingestion. A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:783-7.
6. DeFronzo Basu A, Basu R, Shah P, Vella A, Johnson CM, Nair KS, Jensen MD, Schwenk WF, Rizza RA. Effects of type 2 diabetes on the ability of insulin and glucose to regulate splanchnic and muscle glucose metabolism:evidence for a defect in hepatic glucokinase activity. Diabetes. 2000;49:272-83.
7. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Hendler R,Wahren J, Felig P. Influence of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and the route of glucose administration on splanchnic glucose exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978;75:5173-7.
8. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Hendler R, Felig P, Wahren J. Regulation of splanchnic and peripheral glucose uptake by insulin and hyperglycemia in man. Diabetes. 1983;32:35-45.
9. Cherrington AD, Williams PE, Abou-Mourad N, Lacy WW, Steiner KE, Liljenquist JE. Insulin as a mediator of hepatic glucose uptake in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol. 1982;242:E97-101.
10. Cherrington AD, Williams PE, Harris MS. Relationship between the plasma glucose level and glucose uptake in the conscious dog. Metabolism. 1978;27:787-91.
11. Vella A, Shah P, Basu R, Basu A, Camilleri M, Schwenk WF, Rizza RA. Effect of enteral vs. parenteral glucose delivery on initial splanchnic glucose uptake in nondiabetic humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283:E259-66.
12. Myers SR, McGuinness OP, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Intraportal glucose delivery alters the relationship between net hepatic glucose uptake and the insulin concentration. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:930-9.
13. Abumrad NN, Cherrington AD, Williams PE, Lacy WW, Rabin D. Absorption and disposition of a glucose load in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol. 1982;242:E398-406.
14. Moore MC, Cherrington AD, Cline G, Pagliassotti MJ, Jones EM, Neal DW, Badet C, Shulman GI. Sources of carbon for hepatic glycogen synthesis in the conscious dog. J Clin Invest. 1991;88:578-87.
15. Ferrannini E, Bjorkman O, Reichard GA, Jr., Pilo A, Olsson M, Wahren J, DeFronzo RA. The disposal of an oral glucose load in healthy subjects. A quantitative study. Diabetes. 1985;34:580-8.
16. Mari A, Wahren J, DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Glucose absorption and production following oral glucose:comparison of compartmental and arteriovenous-difference methods. Metabolism. 1994;43:1419-25.
17. Ishida T, Chap Z, Chou J, Lewis R, Hartley C, Entman M, Field JB. Differential effects of oral, peripheral intravenous, and intraportal glucose on hepatic glucose uptake and insulin and glucagon extraction in conscious dogs. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:590-601.
18. Mannucci E, Monami M, Lamanna C, Adalsteinsson JE. Post-prandial glucose and diabetic complications:systematic review of observational studies. Acta Diabetol. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
19. Bergman RN, Beir JR, Hourigan PM. Intraportal glucose infusion matched to oral glucose absorption. Lack of evidence for "gut factor" involvement in hepatic glucose storage. Diabetes. 1982;31:27-35.
20. Barrett EJ, Ferrannini E, Gusberg R, Bevilacqua S, DeFronzo RA. Hepatic and extrahepatic splanchnic glucose metabolism in the postabsorptive and glucose fed dog. Metabolism. 1985;34:410-20.
21. Pagliassotti MJ, Holste LC, Moore MC, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Comparison of the time courses of insulin and the portal signal on hepatic glucose and glycogen metabolism in the conscious dog. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:81-91.
22. Myers SR, Biggers DW, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Intraportal glucose delivery enhances the effects of hepatic glucose load on net hepatic glucose uptake in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1991;88:158-67.
23. Galassetti P, Shiota M, Zinker BA, Wasserman DH, Cherrington AD. A negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient decreases skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Am J Physiol. 1998;275:E101-11.
24. Ogihara N, Kawamura W, Kasuga K, Hayashi Y, Arakawa H, Kikuchi M. Characterization of the portal signal during 24-h glucose delivery in unrestrained, conscious rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;286:E932-40.
25. Chueh FY, Malabanan C, McGuinness OP. Impact of portal glucose delivery on glucose metabolism in conscious, unrestrained mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291:E1206-11.
26. Féry F, Deviere J, Balasse EO. Metabolic handling of intraduodenal vs. intravenous glucose in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 281:E261-8.
27. Moore MC, Satake S, Lautz M, Soleimanpour SA, Neal DW, Smith M, Cherrington AD. Nonesterified fatty acids and hepatic glucose metabolism in the conscious dog. Diabetes. 2004;53:32-40.
28. Moore MC, Flakoll PJ, Hsieh PS, Pagliassotti MJ, Neal DW, Monohan MT, Venable C, Cherrington AD. Hepatic glucose disposition during concomitant portal glucose and amino acid infusions in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1998;274:E893-902.
29. Moore MC, Hsieh PS, Flakoll PJ, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Differential effect of amino acid infusion route on net hepatic glucose uptake in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:E295-302.
30. Dardevet D, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Cherrington AD, Remond D, DiCostanzo CA, Moore MC. Portal infusion of amino acids is more efficient than peripheral infusion in stimulating liver protein synthesis at the same amino acid load in dogs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:986-96.
31. Niijima A. Glucose-sensitive afferent nerve fibers in the liver and their role in food intake and blood glucose regulation. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1983;9:207-20.
32. Niijima A. Reflex control of the autonomic nervous system activity from the glucose sensors in the liver in normal and midpontine-transected animals. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1984;10:279-85.
33. Niijima A, Meguid MM. An electrophysiological study on amino acid sensors in the hepato-portal system in the rat. Obes Res. 1995;3(Suppl 5):741S-5S.
34. McCuskey RS. Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2004;280:821-6.
35. Berthoud HR. Anatomy and function of sensory hepatic nerves. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2004;280:827-35.
36. Tiniakos DG, Mathew J, Kittas C, Burt AD. Ontogeny of human intrahepatic innervation. Virchows Arch. 2008;452:435-42.
37. Akiyoshi H, Gonda T, Terada T. A comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study of aminergic, cholinergic and peptidergic innervation in rat, hamster, guinea pig, dog and human livers. Liver. 1998;18:352-9.
38. Adachi A, Shimizu N, Oomura Y, Kobashi M. Convergence of hepatoportal glucose-sensitive afferent signals to glucose-sensitive units within the nucleus of the solitary tract. Neurosci Lett. 1984;46:215-8.
39. Schmitt M. Influences of hepatic portal receptors on hypothalamic feeding and satiety centers. Am J Physiol. 1973;225:1089-95.
40. Jungermann K, Stumpel F. Role of hepatic, intrahepatic and hepatoenteral nerves in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and hemodynamics of the liver and intestine. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999;46: Suppl 2:1414-7.
41. Niijima A. Nervous regulation of metabolism. Prog Neurobiol. 1989;33: 135-47.
42. Adkins-Marshall B, Pagliassotti MJ, Asher JR, Connolly CC, Neal DW, Williams PE, Myers SR, Hendrick GK, Adkins RB, Jr., Cherrington AD. Role of hepatic nerves in response of liver to intraportal glucose delivery in dogs. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:E679-86.
43. Pagliassotti MJ, Myers SR, Moore MC, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Magnitude of negative arterial-portal glucose gradient alters net hepatic glucose balance in conscious dogs. Diabetes. 1991;40:1659-68.
44. Hsieh PS, Moore MC, Marshall B, Pagliassotti MJ, Shay B, Szurkus D, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. The head arterial glucose level is not the reference site for generation of the portal signal in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:E678-84.
45. Hsieh PS, Moore MC, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Importance of the hepatic arterial glucose level in generation of the portal signal in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;279:E284-92.
46. Cardin S, Pagliassotti MJ, Moore MC, Edgerton DS, Lautz M, Farmer B, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Vagal cooling and concomitant portal norepinephrine infusion do not reduce net hepatic glucose uptake in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004; 287:R742-8.
47. DiCostanzo CA, Dardevet DP, Williams PE, Moore MC, Hastings JR, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. The effect of vagal cooling on canine hepatic glucose metabolism in the presence of hyperglycemia of peripheral origin. Metabolism. 2007;56:814-24.
48. Fujita S, Bohland M, Sanchez-Watts G, Watts AG, Donovan CM. Hypoglycemic detection at the portal vein is mediated by capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293: E96-101.
49. Fernandes AB, Patarrao RS, Videira PA, Macedo MP. Understanding postprandial glucose clearance by peripheral organs:the role of the hepatic parasympathetic system. J Neuroendocrinol. 2011;23:1288-95.
50. Xie H, Lautt WW. Insulin resistance of skeletal muscle produced by hepatic parasympathetic interruption. Am J Physiol. 1996;270:E858-63.
51. Dicostanzo CA, Dardevet DP, Neal DW, Lautz M, Allen E, Snead W, Cherrington AD. Role of the hepatic sympathetic nerves in the regulation of net hepatic glucose uptake and the mediation of the portal glucose signal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290:E9-16.
52. Moore MC, Dicostanzo CA, Smith MS, Farmer B, Rodewald TD, Neal DW, Williams PE, Cherrington AD. Hepatic portal venous delivery of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor enhances net hepatic glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294:E768-77.
53. An Z, DiCostanzo CA, Moore MC, Edgerton DS, Dardevet DP, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Effects of the nitric oxide donor SIN-1 on net hepatic glucose uptake in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294:E300-6.
54. Minokoshi Y, Okano Y, Shimazu T. Regulatory mechanism of the ventromedial hypothalamus in enhancing glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Brain Res. 1994;649:343-7.
55. Perrin C, Knauf C, Burcelin R. Intracerebroventricular infusion of glucose, insulin, and the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, controls muscle glycogen synthesis. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4025-33.
56. Defronzo RA. Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet:a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009;58:773-95.
57. Dardevet D, Moore MC, Neal D, DiCostanzo CA, Snead W, Cherrington AD. Insulin-independent effects of GLP-1 on canine liver glucose metabolism: duration of infusion and involvement of hepatoportal region. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E75-81.
58. Nishizawa M, Moore MC, Shiota M, Gustavson SM, Snead WL, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. Effect of intraportal glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284:E1027-36.
59. Hegarty BD, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW. Insulin resistance and fuel homeostasis:the role of AMP-activated protein kinase. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2009;196:129-45.
60. Winnick JJ, An Z, Moore MC, Ramnanan CJ, Farmer B, Shiota M, Cherrington AD. A physiological increase in the hepatic glycogen level does not affect the response of net hepatic glucose uptake to insulin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;297:E358-66.
61. Winnick JJ, An Z, Ramnanan CJ, Smith M, Irimia JM, Neal DW, Moore MC, Roach PJ, Cherrington AD. Hepatic glycogen supercompensation activates AMP-activated protein kinase, impairs insulin signaling, and reduces glycogen deposition in the liver. Diabetes. 2011;60:398-407.
62. Matschinsky FM, Zelent B, Doliba NM, Kaestner KH, Vanderkooi JM, Grimsby J, Berthel SJ, Sarabu R. Research and development of glucokinase activators for diabetes therapy:theoretical and practical aspects. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011;(203):357-401.
63. Shiota M, Moore MC, Galassetti P, Monohan M, Neal DW, Shulman GI, Cherrington AD. Inclusion of low amounts of fructose with an intraduodenal glucose load markedly reduces postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the conscious dog. Diabetes. 2002;51:469-78.
64. McBride A, Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase-a sensor of glycogen as well as AMP and ATP? Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2009;196:99-113.
65. Camacho RC, Lacy DB, James FD, Donahue EP, Wasserman DH. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside renders glucose output by the liver of the dog insensitive to a pharmacological increment in insulin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;289: E1039-43.
66. Camacho RC, Pencek RR, Lacy DB, James FD, Donahue EP, Wasserman DH. Portal venous 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-Dribofuranoside infusion overcomes hyperinsulinemic suppression of endogenous glucose output. Diabetes. 2005;54:373-82.
67. Pencek RR, Shearer J, Camacho RC, James FD, Lacy DB, Fueger PT, Donahue EP, Snead W, Wasserman DH. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside causes acute hepatic insulin resistance in vivo. Diabetes. 2005;54:355-60.
68. Polekhina G, Gupta A,Michell BJ, van Denderen B,Murthy S, Feil SC, Jennings IG, Campbell DJ, Witters LA, Parker MW, et al. AMPK beta subunit targets metabolic stress sensing to glycogen. Curr Biol. 2003;13:867-71.
69. Mukhtar MH, Payne VA, Arden C, Harbottle A, Khan S, Lange AJ, Agius L. Inhibition of glucokinase translocation by AMP-activated protein kinase is associated with phosphorylation of both GKRP and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294:R766-74.
70. Li J, Hu X, Selvakumar P, Russell, 3rd RR, Cushman SW, Holman GD, Young LH. Role of the nitric oxide pathway in AMPK-mediated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in heart muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E834-41.
71. Penumathsa SV, Thirunavukkarasu M, Zhan L, Maulik G, Menon VP, Bagchi D, Maulik N. Resveratrol enhances GLUT-4 translocation to the caveolar lipid raft fractions through AMPK/Akt/eNOS signalling pathway in diabetic myocardium. J Cell Mol Med. 2008;12:2350-61.
72. Wasserman DH, Kang L, Ayala JE, Fueger PT, Lee-Young RS. The physiological regulation of glucose flux into muscle in vivo. J Exp Biol. 2011; 214:254-62.
73. Deshmukh AS, Long YC, de Castro Barbosa T, Karlsson HK, Glund S, Zavadoski WJ, Gibbs EM, Koistinen HA, Wallberg-Henriksson H, Zierath JR. Nitric oxide increases cyclic GMP levels, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)alpha1-specific activity and glucose transport in human skeletal muscle. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1142-50.
74. Higaki Y, Hirshman MF, Fujii N, Goodyear LJ. Nitric oxide increases glucose uptake through a mechanism that is distinct from the insulin and contraction pathways in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2001;50:241-7.
75. Fryer LG, Hajduch E, Rencurel F, Salt IP, Hundal HS, Hardie DG, Carling D. Activation of glucose transport by AMP-activated protein kinase via stimulation of nitric oxide synthase. Diabetes. 2000;49:1978-85.
76. Morrow VA, Foufelle F, Connell JM, Petrie JR, Gould GW, Salt IP. Direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates nitric-oxide synthesis in human aortic endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003;278: 31629-39.
77. Guarino MP, Correia NC, Lautt WW, Macedo MP. Insulin sensitivity is mediated by the activation of the ACh/NO/cGMP pathway in rat liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004;287:G527-32.
78. Guarino MP, Macedo MP. Co-administration of glutathione and nitric oxide enhances insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2006; 147:959-65.
79. Sadri P, Lautt WW. Blockade of hepatic nitric oxide synthase causes insulin resistance. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:G101-8.
80. An Z, Winnick JJ, Farmer B, Neal D, Lautz M, Irimia JM, Roach PJ, Cherrington AD. A soluble guanylate cyclase-dependent mechanism is involved in the regulation of net hepatic glucose uptake by nitric oxide in vivo. Diabetes. 2010;59:2999-3007.
81. An Z, Winnick JJ, Farmer B, Lautz M, Neal D, Snead W, Cherrington AD. The cGMP pathway plays a role in the regulation of net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) in conscious dogs. Diabetes. 2010;59:A412.
82. Marriott BP, Cole N, Lee E. National estimates of dietary fructose intake increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States. J Nutr. 2009; 139:1228S-35S.
83. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service:nutrient intakes from food:mean amounts consumed per individual, by gender and age. In What we eat in America, NHANES 2007-2008, 2010. Available from:www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg.
84. Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, Welsh J, Blanck HM. Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults:the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medscape J Med. 2008;10:160.
85. McAuley K,Mann J. Thematic review series:patient-oriented research. Nutritional determinants of insulin resistance. J Lipid Res. 2006;47:1668-76.
86. Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Prog Lipid Res. 2009;48:44-51.
87. Hosseini-Esfahani F, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Hosseinpanah F, Azizi F. Dietary fructose and risk of metabolic syndrome in adults:Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011;8:50.
88. Stanhope KL. Role of fructose-containing sugars in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:329-43.
89. Tappy L, Le KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2010;90:23-46.
90. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1322-34.
91. Bremer AA, Stanhope KL, Graham JL, Cummings BP, Wang W, Saville BR, Havel PJ. Fructose-fed rhesus monkeys:a nonhuman primate model of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Clin Transl Sci. 2011;4:243-52.
92. Charlton M, Krishnan A, Viker K, Sanderson S, Cazanave S, McConico A, Masuoko H, Gores G. Fast food diet mouse:novel small animal model of NASH with ballooning, progressive fibrosis, and high physiological fidelity to the human condition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301:G825-34.
93. Panchal SK, Poudyal H, Iyer A, Nazer R, Alam MA, Diwan V, Kauter K, Sernia C, Campbell F, Ward L, et al. High-carbohydrate, high-fat dietinduced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011;57:611-24.
94. Coate KC, Scott M, Farmer B, Moore MC, Smith MS, Roop J, Neal DW, Williams PE, Cherrington AD. Chronic consumption of a high fat/high fructose diet renders the liver incapable of net hepatic glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;299:E887-98.
95. Coate KC, Kraft G, Lautz M, Smith M, Neal DW, Cherrington AD. A high-fat, high-fructose diet accelerates nutrient absorption and impairs net hepatic glucose uptake in response to a mixed meal in partially pancreatectomized dogs. J Nutr. 2011;141:1643-51.
96. Coate KC, Kraft G, Smith MS, Farmer B, Roop JD, Shiota M, Vaughan S, Hajizadeh S, Cherrington AD. Increased dietary fructose markedly reduces hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Diabetes. 2011; 60:A454.
97. Cherrington AD. Banting Lecture 1997. Control of glucose uptake and release by the liver in vivo. Diabetes. 1999;48:1198-214.