Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by growing pigs: Effect of dietary phosphorus, calcium and exogenous phytase

Animal

Volumn 6, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1590-1600

  Letourneau Montminy M P ^a   Jondreville, C ^b   Sauvant, D ^c   Narcy, A ^d  

^a SHERBROOKE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

^c AGROPARISTECH   (France)

^d STATION DE RECHERCHES AVICOLES   (France)

Author keywords

calcium; growing pigs; meta analysis; phosphorus; phytase

Indexed keywords

PHYTASE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; CALCIUM INTAKE; DIGESTION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; META ANALYSIS; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATE INTAKE; PHYSIOLOGY; SWINE;

6-PHYTASE; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; CALCIUM, DIETARY; DIGESTION; PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY; SWINE;

ANIMALIA; ASPERGILLUS NIGER; SUIDAE;

EID: 84865527110     PISSN: 17517311     EISSN: 1751732X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1751731112000560     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Adeola O, Olukosi OA, Jendza JA, Dilger RN and Bedford MR 2006. Response of growing pigs to Peniophora lycii-and Escherichia coli-derived phytases or varying ratios of calcium to total phosphorus. Animal Science 82, 637-644. (Pubitemid 46747455)
2. Akinmusire AS and Adeola O 2009. True digestibility of phosphorus in canola and soybean meals for growing pigs: influence of microbial phytase. Journal of Animal Science 87, 977-983.
3. Alebrante L, Donzele JL, Oliveira RF, Saraiva A, Guimarã es SEF and Ferreira AS 2011. Available phosphorus levels in diets for pigs with high genetic potential for lean meat deposition kept in thermoneutral environment from 15 to 30 kg. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, 323-330.
4. Barrier-Guillot B, Casado P, Maupetit P, Jondreville C, Gatel F and Larbier M 1996. Wheat phosphorus availability. 2. In vivo study in broilers and pigs; relationship with endogenous phytasic activity and phytic phosphorus content in wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 70, 69-74. (Pubitemid 126677797)
5. Bayley HS and Summers JD 1975. Nutritional evaluation of extruded full-fat soybeans and rapeseeds using pigs and chickens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 55, 441-450.
6. Beaulieu AD, Bedford MR and Patience JF 2007. Supplementing corn or corn-barley diets with an E. coli derived phytase decreases total and soluble P output by weanling and growing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, 353-364. (Pubitemid 350228967)
7. Bohlke RA, Thaler RC and Stein HH 2005. Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 83, 2396-2403.
8. Bruce JAM and Sundstøl F 1995. The effect of microbial phytase in diets for pigs on apparent ileal and faecal digestibility, pH and flow of digesta measurements in growing pigs fed high-fibre diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, 121-127.
9. Calvert CC, Besecker RJ, Plumlee MP, Cline TR and Forsyth DM 1978. Apparent digestibility of phosphorous in barley and corn for growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 47, 420-426.
10. Crenshaw TD 2001. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and vitamin K in swine nutrition. In Swine nutrition (ed. AJ Lewis and LL Southern), 2nd edition, pp. 187-212.
11. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Cromwell GL, Coffey RD, Monegue HJ and Randolph JH 1995. Efficacy of lowactivity, microbial phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. Journal of Animal Science 73, 449-456.
12. Dilger RN and Adeola O 2006. Estimation of true phosphorus digestibility and endogenous phosphorus loss in growing pigs fed conventional and low-phytate soybean meals. Journal of Animal Science 84, 627-634. (Pubitemid 44405676)
13. Driver JP, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI and Edwards HD Jr 2005. Effects of calcium and nonphytate phosphorus concentrations on phytase efficacy in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84, 1406-1417. (Pubitemid 41291030)
14. Düngelhoef M, Rodehutscord M, Spiekers H and Pfeffer E 1994. Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on availability of phosphorus contained in maize, wheat and triticale to pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49, 1-10.
15. Eeckhout W and De Paepe M 1992. Phytase de blé, phytase microbienne et digestibilité apparente du phosphore d'un aliment simple pour porcelets. Revue de l'Agriculture 45, 195-207.
16. Ekpe ED, Zijlstra RT and Patience JF 2002. Digestible phosphorus requirement of grower pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, 541-549. (Pubitemid 36270295)
17. Guggenbuhl P and Simõ es Nunes C 2007. Effects of two phytases on the ileal apparent digestibility of minerals and amino acids in ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs fed on a maize-rapeseed meal diet. Livestock Science 109, 261-263. (Pubitemid 46654969)
18. Harper AF, Kornegay ET and Schell TC 1997. Phytase supplementation of lowphosphorus growing-finishing pig diets improves performance, phosphorus digestibility, and bone mineralization and reduces phosphorus excretion. Journal of Animal Science 75, 3174-3186. (Pubitemid 127686691)
19. Heaney RP and Nordin BEC 2002. Calcium effects on phosphorus absorption: implications for the prevention and co-therapy of osteoporosis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21, 239-244. (Pubitemid 34602843)
20. Hill BE, Sutton AL and Richert BT 2009. Effects of low-phytic acid corn, lowphytic acid soybean meal, and phytase on nutrient digestibility and excretion in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1518-1527.
21. Htoo JK, Sauer WC, Yá ñ ez YL, Cervantes M, Zhang Y, Helm JH and Zijlstra RT 2007. Effect of low-phytate barley or phytase supplementation to a barley-soybean meal diet on phosphorus retention and excretion by grower pigs. Journal of Animal Science 85, 2941-2948. (Pubitemid 350105659)
22. Hu HL, Wise A and Henderson C 1996. Hydrolysis of phytate and inositol tri-, tetra-, and penta-phosphates by the intestinal mucosa of the pig. Nutrition Research 16, 781-787.
23. Jendza JA, Dilger RN, Sands JS and Adeola O 2006. Efficacy and equivalency of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase for replacing inorganic phosphorus in the diets of broiler chickens and young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84, 3364-3374. (Pubitemid 44862350)
24. Jendza JA, Dilger RN, Adedokun SA, Sands JS and Adeola O 2005. Escherichia coli phytase improves growth performance of starter, grower, and finisher pigs fed phosphorus-deficient diets. Journal of Animal Science 83, 1882-1889.
25. Johnston SL, Williams SB, Southern LL, Bidner TD, Bunting LD, Matthews JO and Olcott BM 2004. Effect of phytase addition and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on plasma metabolites and ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 82, 705-714. (Pubitemid 38572334)
26. Jongbloed AW and Kemme PA 1990. Effect of pelleting mixed feeds on phytase activity and the apparent absorbability of phosphorus and calcium in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 28, 233-242.
27. Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z and Kemme PA 1992. The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract. Journal of Animal Science 70, 1159-1168.
28. Jongbloed AW, Kemme PA and Mroz Z 1996. Effectiveness of Natuphos phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients for growing-finishing pigs. In Phytase in animal nutrition and waste management (ed. MB Coelho and ET Kornegay), pp. 259-274.
29. BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, NJ. Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z, van der Weij-Jongbloed R and Kemme PA 2000. The effects of microbial phytase, organic acids and their interaction in diets for growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 67, 113-122.
30. Kemme PA 1998. Phytate and phytases in pig nutrition. Impact on nutrient digestibility and factors affecting phytase efficacy. PhD, University of Wageningen.
31. Kemme PA, Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z and Beynen AC 1997a. The efficacy of Aspergillus niger phytase in rendering phytate phosphorus available for absorption in pigs is influenced by pig physiological status. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2129-2138. (Pubitemid 127443336)
32. Kemme PA, Radcliffe JS, Jongbloed AW and Mroz Z 1997b. Factors affecting phosphorus and calcium digestibility in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2139-2146. (Pubitemid 127443337)
33. Kemme PA, Schlemmer U, Mroz Z and Jongbloed AW 2006. Monitoring the stepwise phytate degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86, 612-622. (Pubitemid 43258653)
34. Kemme PA, Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z, Kogut J and Beynen AC 1999a. Digestibility of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs is affected by Aspergillus niger phytase, phytate and lactic acid levels: 1. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids. Livestock Production Science 58, 107-117. (Pubitemid 29194586)
35. Kemme PA, Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z, Kogut J and Beynen AC 1999b. Digestibility of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs is affected by Aspergillus niger phytase, phytate and lactic acid levels: 2. Apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium and ileal degradation of phytic acid. Livestock Production Science 58, 119-127.
36. Ketaren PP, Batterham ES, Dettmann EB and Farrell DJ 1993. Phosphorus studies in pigs. 3. Effect of phytase supplementation on the digestibility and availability of phosphorus in soya-bean meal for grower pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 289-311. (Pubitemid 23240856)
37. Kidder DE and Manners MJ 1978. Digestion in the pig. Kingston Press, Bath, UK.
38. Kies AK, Kemme PA, Sebek LBJ, van Diepen JTM and Jongbloed AW 2006. Effect of graded doses and a high dose of microbial phytase on the digestibility of various minerals in weaner pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84, 1169-1175. (Pubitemid 44405620)
39. KimJC, Simmins PH,Mullan BP and Pluske JR 2005. The effect of wheat phosphorus content and supplemental enzymes on digestibility and growth performance of weaner pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 118, 139-152. (Pubitemid 39651222)
40. Kim JC, Sands JS, Mullan BP and Pluske JR 2008. Performance and total-tract digestibility responses to exogenous xylanase and phytase in diets for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 142, 163-172. (Pubitemid 351410489)
41. Kornegay ET and Qian H 1996. Replacement of inorganic phosphorus by microbial phytase for young pigs fed on a maize-soyabean-meal diet. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 563-578. (Pubitemid 26372279)
42. Kornegay ET, Radcliffe JS and Zhang Z 1998. Influence of phytase and diet composition on phosphorus and amino acid digestibilities, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion in swine. BASF Technology Symposium, Mount Olive, NJ, pp. 125-155.
43. Lantzsch HJ, Wjst S and Drochner W 1995. The effect of dietary calcium on the efficacy of microbial phytase in rations for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 73, 19-26.
44. Laplace JP, Aumaitre A and Rerat A 2001. Forty years of achievement in French research on digestive physiology in the pig. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41, 129-151. (Pubitemid 32590888)
45. Larsen T and Sandström B 1993. Effect of dietary calcium level on mineral and trace element utilization from a rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) diet fed to ileumfistulated pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 211-224. (Pubitemid 23072713)
46. Lei XG, Ku PK, Miller ER and Yokoyama MT 1993a. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase linearly improves phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3359-3367.
47. Lei XG, Ku PK, Miller ER, Yokoyama MT and Ullrey DE 1993b. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase maximizes phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3368-3375.
48. Létourneau-Montminy MP, Narcy A, Lescoat P, Bernier JF, Magnin M, Pomar C, Nys Y, Sauvant D and Jondreville C 2010a. Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilisation by broilers receiving corn-soyabean meal diets: influence of dietary calcium and microbial phytase. Animal 4, 1844-1853.
49. Létourneau-Montminy MP, Narcy A, Magnin M, Sauvant D, Bernier JF, Pomar C and Jondreville C 2010b. Effect of reduced dietary calcium concentration and phytase supplementation on calcium and phosphorus utilization in weaned piglets with modified mineral status. Journal of Animal Science 88, 1706-1717.
50. Létourneau-Montminy MP, Narcy A, Lescoat P, Magnin M, Bernier JF, Sauvant D, Jondreville C and Pomar C 2011. Modeling the fate of dietary phosphorus in the digestive tract of growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 3596-3611.
51. Liu J, Bollinger DW, Ledoux DR, Ellersieck MR and Veum TL 1997. Soaking increases the efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase in a low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diet for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1292-1298. (Pubitemid 127441659)
52. Lyberg K, Simonsson A and Lindberg JE 2005. Influence of phosphorus level and soaking of food on phosphorus availability and performance in growing-finishing pigs. Animal Science 81, 375-381. (Pubitemid 43067141)
53. Maxson PF and Mahan DC 1983. Dietary calcium and phosphorus levels for growing swine from 18 to 57 kilograms body weight. Journal of Animal Science 56, 1124-1134.
54. Mroz Z, Jongbloed AW and Kemme PA 1994. Apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 126-132.
55. Murry AC 1995. Effect of microbial phytase on calcium and phosphorus digestibility and serum mineral concentrations in growing and finishing pigs. The University of Georgia Animal and Dairy Science Annual Report.
56. Narcy A, Lé tourneau-Montminy MP, Bouzouagh E, Même N, Magnin M and Dourmad JY 2010. Effect of dietary calcium concentration and microbial phytase addition on P utilisation in weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 88 (Suppl. 2), 861-862.
57. Olukosi OA, Sands JS and Adeola O 2007. Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 85, 1702-1711. (Pubitemid 47146732)
58. O'Quinn PR, Knabe DA and Gregg EJ 1997a. Digestible phosphorus needs of terminal-cross growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1308-1318. (Pubitemid 127441661)
59. O'Quinn PR, Knabe DA and Gregg EJ 1997b. Efficacy of Natuphos in sorghumbased diets of finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1299-1307.
60. Pallauf J, Rimbach G, Pippig S, Schindler B and Most E 1994. Effect of phytase supplementation to a phytate-rich diet based on wheat, barley and soya on the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and protein in piglets. Agribiology Research 47, 39-48.
61. Phillippy BQ 1999. Susceptibility of wheat and Aspergillus niger phytases to inactivation by gastrointestinal enzymes. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 47, 1385-1388. (Pubitemid 29217125)
62. Pointillart A 1991. Enhancement of phosphorus utilization in growing pigs fed phytate-rich diets by using rye bran. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1109-1115.
63. Pointillart A and Fontaine N 1983. Effet de deux ré gimes hypocalcé miants sur la ré tention et l'absorption du phosphore et du calcium chez le porc en croissance. Journé es de la Recherche Porcine en France 15, 375-384.
64. Pointillart A, Fontaine N and Thomasset M 1984. Phytate phosphorus utilization and intestinal phosphatases in pigs fed low phosphorus: wheat or corn diets. Nutrition Report International 29, 473-483.
65. Pointillart A, Fourdin A and Delmas A 1987a. Consé quences né fastes de l'excè s de calcium chez des porcs non supplé menté s en phosphore miné ral. Journé es de la Recherche Porcine en France 19, 281-288.
66. Pointillart A, Fourdin A and Fontaine N 1987b. Importance of cereal phytase activity for phytate phosphorus utilization by growing pigs fed diets containing triticale or corn. Journal of Nutrition 117, 907-913. (Pubitemid 17093571)
67. Pointillart A, Fontaine N, ThomassetMand Jay ME 1985. Phosphorus utilization, intestinal phosphatases and hormonal control of calcium metabolism in pigs fed phytic phosphorus: soyabean or rapeseed diets. Nutrition Report International 32, 155-167. (Pubitemid 15047007)
68. Qian H, Kornegay ET and Conner Jr DE 1996. Adverse effects of wide calcium : phosphorus ratios on supplemental phytase efficacy for weanling pigs fed two dietary phosphorus levels. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1288-1297. (Pubitemid 126428707)
69. Radcliffe JS and Kornegay ET 1998. Phosphorus equivalency value of microbial phytase in weanling pigs fed a maize-soyabean meal based diet. Journal of Animal Feed Science 7, 197-211. (Pubitemid 128681413)
70. Radcliffe JS, Zhang Z and Kornegay ET 1998. The effects of microbial phytase, citric acid, and their interaction in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Scienec 76, 1880-1886. (Pubitemid 128439556)
71. Radcliffe JS, Pleasant RS and Kornegay ET 2006. Estimating equivalency values of microbial phytase for amino acids in growing and finishing pigs fitted with steered ileo-cecal valve cannulas. Journal of Animal Science 84, 1119-1129. (Pubitemid 44405615)
72. Rapp C, Lantzsch HJ and Drochner W 2001. Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant or supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re-entrant cannulas: 1. Passage of dry matter and total phosphorus. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 85, 406-413. (Pubitemid 33591313)
73. Reinhart GA and Mahan DC 1986. Effect of various calcium : phosphorus ratios at low and high dietary phosphorus for starter, grower and finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 63, 457-466.
74. Rodehutscord M, Faust M and Pfeffer E 1999. The course of phosphorus excretion in growing pigs fed continuously increasing phosphorus concentrations after a phosphorus depletion. Arch Tierernä hr 52, 323-334. (Pubitemid 129735160)
75. Sandberg AS, Larsen T and Sandström B 1993. High dietary calcium level decreases colonic phytate degradation in pigs fed a rapeseed diet. Journal of Nutrition 123, 559-566. (Pubitemid 23084222)
76. Sands JS, Ragland D, Baxter C, Joern BC, Sauber TE and Adeola O 2001. Phosphorus bioavailability, growth performance, and nutrient balance in pigs fed high available phosphorus corn and phytase. Journal of Animal Science 79, 2134-2142. (Pubitemid 33721464)
77. Sauvant D, Perez JM and Tran G 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Association Française de Zootechnie, Paris, France.
78. Sauvant D, Schmidely P, Daudin JJ and St-Pierre NR 2008. Meta-analyses of experimental data in animal nutrition. Animal 2, 1203-1214. (Pubitemid 351951457)
79. Schindler B, Lantzsch HJ, Mosenthin R, Biesalski HK and Drochner W 1997. Dose response effects of microbial phytase on P absorption in growing pigs fed P-reduced diets. Conference at the VII International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, Saint Malo, France, pp. 441-445.
80. Schlemmer U, Jany KD, Berk A, Schulz E and Rechkemmer G 2001. Degradation of phytate in the gut of pigs-pathway of gastrointestinal inositol phosphate hydrolysis and enzymes involved. Arch Tierernä hr 55, 255-280.
81. Selle PH and Ravindran V 2008. Phytate-degrading enzymes in pig nutrition. Livestock Science 113, 99-122.
82. Selle PH, Cowieson AJ and Ravindran V 2009. Consequences of calcium interactions with phytate and phytase for poultry and pigs. Livestock Science 124, 126-141.
83. Seynaeve M, Janssens G, Hesta M, Van Nevel C and De Wilde RO 2000. Effects of dietary Ca/P ratio, P level and microbial phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibilities in growing pigs: precaecal, post-ileal and total tract disappearances of OM, P and Ca. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 83, 36-48.
84. Shirai K, Revah-Moiseev S, Garća-Garibay M and Marshall VM 1994. Ability of some strains of lactic acid bacteria to degrade phytic acid. Letter of Applied Microbiology 19, 366-369. (Pubitemid 24341746)
85. Skiba F, Hazouard I, Bertin JM and Chauvel J 2000. Digestibilité du phosphore de 14 matiè res premiè res et influence de la phytase végé tale dans l'alimentation du porc charcutier. Journé es de la Recherche Porcine en France 32, 169-175.
86. Skiba F, Callu P, Castaing J, Paboeuf F, Chauvel J and Jondreville C 2004. Variabilité intra-matiè re premiè re de la digestibilité de phosphore des cé ré ales et du pois chez le porc en croissance. Journé es de la Recherche Porcine en France 36, 9-16.
87. Spencer JD, Allee GL and Sauber TE 2000. Phosphorus bioavailability and digestibility of normal and genetically modified low-phytate corn for pigs. Journal of Animal Science 78, 675-681.
88. Sreeramulu G, Srinivasa DS, Nand K and Joseph R 1996. Lactobacillus amylovorus as a phytase producer in submerged culture. Letter of Applied Microbiology 23, 385-388. (Pubitemid 26423327)
89. Stein HH and Shurson GC 2009. Board-invited review: the use and applications of distillers dried grains with solubles in swine diets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1292-1303.
90. Stein HH, Kadzere CT, Kim SW and Miller PS 2008. Influence of dietary phosphorus concentration on the digestibility of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 86, 1861-1867.
91. Steiner T, Mosenthin R and Greiner R 2006. Influence of feeding level and dietary oil supplementation on apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of phosphorus and calcium in pigs fed low-phosphorus diets supplemented with microbial or wheat phytase. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, 479-488. (Pubitemid 46586217)
92. Thacker PA, Rossnagel BG and Raboy V 2003. The effects of phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, plasma parameters, performance and carcass traits of pigs fed diets based on low-phytate barley without inorganic phosphorus. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, 245-254.
93. Tonroy B, Plumlee MP, Conrad JH and Cline TR 1973. Apparent digestibility of the phosphorus in sorghum grain and soybean meal for growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 36, 669-673.
94. Underwood EJ and Suttle N 2001. The mineral nutrition of livestock, 3rd edition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
95. Veum TL, Ledoux DR, Raboy V and Ertl DS 2001. Low-phytic acid corn improves nutrient utilization for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 79, 2873-2880. (Pubitemid 33721439)
96. Veum TL, Bollinger DW, Buff CE and Bedford MR 2006. A genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase improves nutrient utilization, growth performance, and bone strength of young swine fed diets deficient in available phosphorus. Journal of Animal Science 84, 1147-1158. (Pubitemid 44405618)
97. Vipperman PE, Peo Jr ER and Cunningham PJ 1974. Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus level upon calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen balance in swine. Journal of Animal Science 38, 758-765.
98. Woyengo TA, Sands JS, Guenter W and Nyachoti CM 2008. Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase-and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets. Journal of Animal Science 86, 848-857. (Pubitemid 351535458)
99. Yi Z, Kornegay ET, Ravindran V, Lindemann MD and Wilson JH 1996. Effectiveness of Natuphos phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in soybean meal-based semipurified diets for young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1601-1611.
100. Zhang ZB, Kornegay ET, Radcliffe JS, Wilson JH and Veit HP 2000. Comparison of phytase from genetically engineered Aspergillus and canola in weanling pig diets. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2868-2878.
101. Zimmermann B, Lantzsch HJ, Mosenthin R, Biesalski HK and Drochner W 2003. Additivity of the effect of cereal and microbial phytases on apparent phosphorus absorption in growing pigs fed diets with marginal P supply. Animal Feed Science and Technology 104, 143-152. (Pubitemid 36280318)
102. Zimmermann B, Lantzsch HJ, Mosenthin R, Schö ner FJ, Biesalski HK and Drochner W 2002. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of cereal and microbial phytases in growing pigs fed diets with marginal phosphorus supply. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82, 1298-1304.