Embryonic stem cell markers

Molecules

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 6196-6236

  Zhao, Wenxiu ^a   Ji, Xiang ^a   Zhang, Fangfang ^a   Li, Liang ^a   Ma, Lan ^a  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Embryonic stem cell; Lectin; Marker; Peptides; Surface markers; Tumor stem cell

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; ENZYME; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PEPTIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ANIMAL; CANCER STEM CELL; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; METABOLISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS; ENZYMES; HUMANS; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; NEOPLASTIC STEM CELLS; PEPTIDES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 84862979235     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14203049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066237     Document Type: Review

References (259)

1. Evans, M. J.; Kaufman, M. H. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 1981, 292, 154-156. (Pubitemid 11050741)
2. Thomson, J. A.; Itskovitz-Eldor, J.; Shapiro, S. S.; Waknitz, M. A.; Swiergiel, J. J.; Marshall, V. S.; Jones, J. M. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998, 282, 1145-1147. (Pubitemid 28516247)
3. Prowse, A. B.; McQuade, L. R.; Bryant, K. J.; Marcal, H.; Gray, P. P. Identification of potential pluripotency determinants for human embryonic stem cells following proteomic analysis of human and mouse fibroblast conditioned media. J. Proteome Res. 2007, 6, 3796-3807. (Pubitemid 47522768)
4. Scholer, H. R.; Hatzopoulos, A. K.; Balling, R.; Suzuki, N.; Gruss, P. A family of octamerspecific proteins present during mouse embryogenesis-Evidence for germline-specific expression of an oct factor. EMBO J. 1989, 8, 2543-2550. (Pubitemid 19273337)
5. Shamblott, M. J.; Axelman, J.; Wang, S.; Bugg, E. M.; Littlefield, J. W.; Donovan, P. J.; Blumenthal, P. D.; Huggins, G. R.; Gearhart, J. D. Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 13726-13731. (Pubitemid 28523040)
6. Fox, N.; Damjanov, I.; Martinez-Hernandez, A.; Knowles, B. B.; Solter, D. Immunohistochemical localization of the early embryonic antigen (ssea-1) in postimplantation mouse embryos and fetal and adult tissues. Dev. Biol. 1981, 83, 391-398. (Pubitemid 11092442)
7. Fox, N.; Shevinsky, L.; Knowles, B. B.; Solter, D.; Dawjanov, I. Distribution of murine stagespecific embryonic antigens in the kidneys of three rodent species. Exp. Cell Res. 1982, 140, 331-339. (Pubitemid 13250167)
8. Henderson, J. K.; Draper, J. S.; Baillie, H. S.; Fishel, S.; Thomson, J. A.; Moore, H.; Andrews, P. W. Preimplantation human embryos and embryonic stem cells show comparable expression of stage-specific embryonic antigens. Stem Cells 2002, 20, 329-337. (Pubitemid 34765092)
9. Kannagi, R.; Cochran, N. A.; Ishigami, F.; Hakomori, S.; Andrews, P. W.; Knowles, B. B.; Solter, D. Stage-specific embryonic antigens (ssea-3 and -4) are epitopes of a unique globo-series ganglioside isolated from human teratocarcinoma cells. EMBO J. 1983, 2, 2355-2361.
10. Knowles, B. B.; Aden, D. P.; Solter, D. Monoclonal antibody detecting a stage-specific embryonic antigen (ssea-1) on preimplantation mouse embryos and teratocarcinoma cells. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1978, 81, 51-53.
11. Shevinsky, L. H.; Knowles, B. B.; Damjanov, I.; Solter, D. Monoclonal antibody to murine embryos defines a stage-specific embryonic antigen expressed on mouse embryos and human teratocarcinoma cells. Cell 1982, 30, 697-705. (Pubitemid 13204659)
12. Adewumi, O.; Aflatoonian, B.; Ahrlund-Richter, L.; Amit, M.; Andrews, P. W.; Beighton, G.; Bello, P. A.; Benvenisty, N.; Berry, L. S.; Bevan, S.; et al. Characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines by the international stem cell initiative. Nat. Biotechnol. 2007, 25, 803-816. (Pubitemid 47052190)
13. Assou, S.; Le Carrour, T.; Tondeur, S.; Strom, S.; Gabelle, A.; Marty, S.; Nadal, L.; Pantesco, V.; Reme, T.; Hugnot, J. P.; et al. A meta-analysis of human embryonic stem cells transcriptome integrated into a web-based expression atlas. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 961-973. (Pubitemid 46572593)
14. Bhattacharya, B.; Miura, T.; Brandenberger, R.; Mejido, J.; Luo, Y. Q.; Yang, A. X.; Joshi, B. H.; Ginis, I.; Thies, R. S.; Amit, M.; et al. Gene expression in human embryonic stem cell lines: Unique molecular signature. Blood 2004, 103, 2956-2964. (Pubitemid 38451667)
15. Draper, J. S.; Pigott, C.; Thomson, J. A.; Andrews, P. W. Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: Changes upon differentiation in culture. J. Anat. 2002, 200, 249-258. (Pubitemid 34467317)
16. Lian, Q. Z.; Lye, E.; Yeo, K. S.; Tan, E. K. W.; Salto-Tellez, M.; Liu, T. M.; Palanisamy, N.; El Oakley, R. M.; Lee, E. H.; Lim, B.; et al. Derivation of clinically compliant mscs from cd105+, cd24-differentiated human escs. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 425-436. (Pubitemid 46232798)
17. Puri, R. K.; Bhattacharya, B.; Miura, T.; Mejido, J.; Luo, Y. Q.; Yang, A. X.; Joshi, B. H.; Irene, G.; Rao, M. Microrray analysis of gene expression identities unique molecular signature in human embryonic stem cell lines. FASEB J. 2004, 18, A1121.
18. Skottman, H.; Mikkola, M.; Lundin, K.; Olsson, C.; Stromberg, A. M.; Tuuri, T.; Otonkoski, T.; Hovatta, O.; Lahesmaa, R. Gene expression signatures of seven individual human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells 2005, 23, 1343-1356. (Pubitemid 41504922)
19. Sundberg, M.; Jansson, L.; Ketolainen, J.; Pihlajamaki, H.; Suuronen, R.; Skottman, H.; Inzunza, J.; Hovatta, O.; Narkilahti, S. Cd marker expression profiles of human embryonic stem cells and their neural derivatives, determined using flow-cytometric analysis, reveal a novel cd marker for exclusion of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res. 2009, 2, 113-124.
20. Xu, C. H.; Inokuma, M. S.; Denham, J.; Golds, K.; Kundu, P.; Gold, J. D.; Carpenter, M. K. Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 971-974. (Pubitemid 32947578)
21. Yin, A. H.; Miraglia, S.; Zanjani, E. D.; AlmeidaPorada, G.; Ogawa, M.; Leary, A. G.; Olweus, J.; Kearney, J.; Buck, D. W. Ac133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 1997, 90, 5002-5012. (Pubitemid 28007217)
22. Aumailley, M.; Timpl, R.; Sonnenberg, A. Antibody to integrin alpha 6 subunit specifically inhibits cell-binding to laminin fragment 8. Exp. Cell Res. 1990, 188, 55-60.
23. Chute, J. P. Stem cell homing. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 2006, 13, 399-406. (Pubitemid 44607440)
24. Fassler, R.; Pfaff, M.; Murphy, J.; Noegel, A. A.; Johansson, S.; Timpl, R.; Albrecht, R. Lack of beta 1 integrin gene in embryonic stem cells affects morphology, adhesion, and migration but not integration into the inner cell mass of blastocysts. J. Cell Biol. 1995, 128, 979-988.
25. Hall, D. E.; Reichardt, L. F.; Crowley, E.; Holley, B.; Moezzi, H.; Sonnenberg, A.; Damsky, C. H. The alpha 1/beta 1 and alpha 6/beta 1 integrin heterodimers mediate cell attachment to distinct sites on laminin. J. Cell Biol. 1990, 110, 2175-2184.
26. Harris, E. S.; McIntyre, T. M.; Prescott, S. M.; Zimmerman, G. A. The leukocyte integrins. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 23409-23412. (Pubitemid 30624617)
27. Lee, S. T.; Yun, J. I.; Jo, Y. S.; Mochizuki, M.; van der Vlies, A. J.; Kontos, S.; Ihm, J. E.; Lim, J. M.; Hubbell, J. A. Engineering integrin signaling for promoting embryonic stem cell self-renewal in a precisely defined niche. Biomaterials 2010, 31, 1219-1226.
28. Qian, H.; Georges-Labouesse, E.; Nystrom, A.; Domogatskaya, A.; Tryggvason, K.; Jacobsen, S. E.; Ekblom, M. Distinct roles of integrins alpha6 and alpha4 in homing of fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 2007, 110, 2399-2407. (Pubitemid 47523160)
29. Rabinovitz, I.; Nagle, R. B.; Cress, A. E. Integrin alpha-6 expression in human prostate carcinoma-cells is associated with a migratory and invasive phenotype in-vitro and in-vivo. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 1995, 13, 481-491.
30. Ruoslahti, E.; Pierschbacher, M. D. New perspectives in cell adhesion: Rgd and integrins. Science 1987, 238, 491-497. (Pubitemid 17147032)
31. Watt, F. M.; Hogan, B. L. Out of eden: Stem cells and their niches. Science 2000, 287, 1427-1430. (Pubitemid 30127126)
32. Andrews, P. W.; Banting, G.; Damjanov, I.; Arnaud, D.; Avner, P. Three monoclonal antibodies defining distinct differentiation antigens associated with different high molecular weight polypeptides on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma cells. Hybridoma 1984, 3, 347-361. (Pubitemid 15126239)
33. Draper, J. S.; Pigott, C.; Thomson, J. A.; Andrews, P. W. Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: Changes upon differentiation in culture. J. Anat. 2002, 200, 249-258. (Pubitemid 34467317)
34. Giwercman, A.; Andrews, P. W.; Jorgensen, N.; Muller, J.; Graem, N.; Skakkebaek, N. E. Immunohistochemical expression of embryonal marker tra-1-60 in carcinoma in situ and germ cell tumors of the testis. Cancer 1993, 72, 1308-1314. (Pubitemid 23225001)
35. Schopperle, W. M.; DeWolf, W. C. The tra-1-60 and tra-1-81 human pluripotent stem cell markers are expressed on podocalyxin in embryonal carcinoma. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 723-730. (Pubitemid 46354232)
36. Barker, N.; Clevers, H. Catenins, wnt signaling and cancer. Bioessays 2000, 22, 961-965.
37. Katoh, Y.; Katoh, M. Conserved pou-binding site linked to sp1-binding site within fzd5 promoter: Transcriptional mechanisms of fzd5 in undifferentiated human es cells, fetal liver/spleen, adult colon, pancreatic islet, and diffuse-type gastric cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 2007, 30, 751-755.
38. Layden, B. T.; Newman, M.; Chen, F.; Fisher, A.; Lowe, W. L. G protein coupled receptors in embryonic stem cells: A role for gs-alpha signaling. PLoS One 2010, 5, e9105.
39. Okoye, U. C.; Malbon, C. C.; Wang, H. Y. Wnt and frizzled rna expression in human mesenchymal and embryonic (h7) stem cells. J. Mol. Signal. 2008, 3, 16.
40. Polakis, P. Wnt signaling and cancer. Genes Dev. 2000, 14, 1837-1851. (Pubitemid 30639518)
41. Geissler, E. N.; Liao, M.; Brook, J. D.; Martin, F. H.; Zsebo, K. M.; Housman, D. E.; Galli, S. J. Stem cell factor (scf), a novel hematopoietic growth factor and ligand for c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor, maps on human chromosome 12 between 12q14.3 and 12qter. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 1991, 17, 207-214.
42. Bashamboo, A.; Taylor, A. H.; Samuel, K.; Panthier, J. J.; Whetton, A. D.; Forrester, L. M. The survival of differentiating embryonic stem cells is dependent on the scf-kit pathway. J. Cell Sci. 2006, 119, 3039-3046. (Pubitemid 44322118)
43. Lonardo, E.; Parish, C. L.; Ponticelli, S.; Marasco, D.; Ribeiro, D.; Ruvo, M.; De Falco, S.; Arenas, E.; Minchiotti, G. A small synthetic cripto blocking peptide improves neural induction, dopaminergic differentiation, and functional integration of mouse embryonic stem cells in a rat model of parkinson's disease. Stem Cells 2010, 28, 1326-1337.
44. Strohmeyer, T.; Reese, D.; Press, M.; Ackermann, R.; Hartmann, M.; Slamon, D. Expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene and its ligand stem cell factor (scf) in normal and malignant human testicular tissue. J. Urol. 1995, 153, 511-515.
45. Solter, D.; Knowles, B. B. Monoclonal antibody defining a stage-specific mouse embryonic antigen (ssea-1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1978, 75, 5565-5569. (Pubitemid 9084529)
46. Disatnik, M. H.; Rando, T. A. Integrin-mediated muscle cell spreading. The role of protein kinase c in outside-in and inside-out signaling and evidence of integrin cross-talk. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 32486-32492.
47. Sonnenberg, A.; Linders, C. J.; Modderman, P. W.; Damsky, C. H.; Aumailley, M.; Timpl, R. Integrin recognition of different cell-binding fragments of laminin (p1, e3, e8) and evidence that alpha 6 beta 1 but not alpha 6 beta 4 functions as a major receptor for fragment e8. J. Cell Biol. 1990, 110, 2145-2155.
48. Malbon, C. C. Frizzleds: New members of the superfamily of g-protein-coupled receptors. Front. Biosci. 2004, 9, 1048-1058. (Pubitemid 39060828)
49. Hassan, S.; Kinoshita, Y.; Kawanami, C.; Kishi, K.; Matsushima, Y.; Ohashi, A.; Funasaka, Y.; Okada, A.; Maekawa, T.; He-Yao, W.; et al. Expression of protooncogene c-kit and its ligand stem cell factor (scf) in gastric carcinoma cell lines. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1998, 43, 8-14. (Pubitemid 28081634)
50. Gray, P. C.; Shani, G.; Aung, K.; Kelber, J.; Vale, W. Cripto binds transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) and inhibits tgf-beta signaling. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26, 9268-9278. (Pubitemid 44904422)
51. Calvanese, L.; Saporito, A.; Marasco, D.; D'Auria, G.; Minchiotti, G.; Pedone, C.; Paolillo, L.; Falcigno, L.; Ruvo, M. Solution structure of mouse cripto cfc domain and its inactive variant trp107ala. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 7054-7062. (Pubitemid 44885993)
52. Pesce, M.; Scholer, H. R. Oct-4: Control of totipotency and germline determination. Molecular Reprod. Dev. 2000, 55, 452-457. (Pubitemid 30137108)
53. Pesce, M.; Scholer, H. R. Oct-4: Gatekeeper in the beginnings of mammalian development. Stem Cells 2001, 19, 271-278. (Pubitemid 32721093)
54. Botquin, V.; Hess, H.; Fuhrmann, G.; Anastassiadis, C.; Gross, M. K.; Vriend, G.; Scholer, H. R. New pou dimer configuration mediates antagonistic control of an osteopontin preimplantation enhancer by oct-4 and sox-2. Genes Dev. 1998, 12, 2073-2090. (Pubitemid 28323880)
55. Boyer, L. A.; Lee, T. I.; Cole, M. F.; Johnstone, S. E.; Levine, S. S.; Zucker, J. R.; Guenther, M. G.; Kumar, R. M.; Murray, H. L.; Jenner, R. G.; et al. Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells. Cell 2005, 122, 947-956. (Pubitemid 41345211)
56. Jiang, J. M.; Chan, Y. S.; Loh, Y. H.; Cai, J.; Tong, G. Q.; Lim, C. A.; Robson, P.; Zhong, S.; Ng, H. H. A core klf circuitry regulates self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008, 10, 353-360. (Pubitemid 351331023)
57. Chambers, I.; Colby, D.; Robertson, M.; Nichols, J.; Lee, S.; Tweedie, S.; Smith, A. Functional expression cloning of nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells. Cell 2003, 113, 643-655. (Pubitemid 36694189)
58. Hatano, S.; Tada, M.; Kimura, H.; Yamaguchi, S.; Kono, T.; Nakano, T.; Suemori, H.; Nakatsuji, N.; Tada, T. Pluripotential competence of cells associated with nanog activity. Mech. Dev. 2005, 122, 67-79. (Pubitemid 39593746)
59. Mitsui, K.; Tokuzawa, Y.; Itoh, H.; Segawa, K.; Murakami, M.; Takahashi, K.; Maruyama, M.; Maeda, M.; Yamanaka, S. The homeoprotein nanog is required for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse epiblast and es cells. Cell 2003, 113, 631-642. (Pubitemid 36694188)
60. Gordon, S.; Akopyan, G.; Garban, H.; Bonavida, B. Transcription factor yy1: Structure, function, and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. Oncogene 2006, 25, 1125-1142.
61. Koestenbauer, S.; Zech, N. H.; Juch, H.; Vanderzwalmen, P.; Schoonjans, L.; Dohr, G. Embryonic stem cells: Similarities and differences between human and murine embryonic stem cells. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2006, 55, 169-180. (Pubitemid 43329493)
62. Rogers, M. B.; Hosler, B. A.; Gudas, L. J. Specific expression of a retinoic acid-regulated, zinc-finger gene, rex-1, in preimplantation embryos, trophoblast and spermatocytes. Development 1991, 113, 815-824. (Pubitemid 21900321)
63. Kooistra, S. M.; Thummer, R. P.; Eggen, B. J. Characterization of human utf1, a chromatin-associated protein with repressor activity expressed in pluripotent cells. Stem Cell Res. 2009, 2, 211-218.
64. van den Boom, V.; Kooistra, S. M.; Boesjes, M.; Geverts, B.; Houtsmuller, A. B.; Monzen, K.; Komuro, I.; Essers, J.; Drenth-Diephuis, L. J.; Eggen, B. J. Utf1 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in es cell differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 2007, 178, 913-924. (Pubitemid 47443316)
65. Galan-Caridad, J. M.; Harel, S.; Arenzana, T. L.; Hou, Z. E.; Doetsch, F. K.; Mirny, L. A.; Reizis, B. Zfx controls the self-renewal of embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 2007, 129, 345-357. (Pubitemid 46574969)
66. Kopito, R. R.; Lee, B. S.; Simmons, D. M.; Lindsey, A. E.; Morgans, C. W.; Schneider, K. Regulation of intracellular ph by a neuronal homolog of the erythrocyte anion-exchanger. Cell 1989, 59, 927-937. (Pubitemid 20022381)
67. Voss, A. K.; Thomas, T.; Petrou, P.; Anastassiadis, K.; Scholer, H.; Gruss, P. Taube nuss is a novel gene essential for the survival of pluripotent cells of early mouse embryos. Development 2000, 127, 5449-5461. (Pubitemid 32049198)
68. Liu, Y.; Labosky, P. A. Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency by foxd3. Stem Cells 2008, 26, 2475-2484.
69. Momma, T.; Hanna, L. A.; Clegg, M. S.; Keen, C. L. Zinc influences the in vitro development of peri-implantation mouse embryos. FASEB J. 2002, 16, A652.
70. Sutton, J.; Costa, R.; Klug, M.; Field, L.; Xu, D. W.; Largaespada, D. A.; Fletcher, C. F.; Jenkins, N. A.; Copeland, N. G.; Klemsz, M.; et al. Genesis, a winged helix transcriptional repressor with expression restricted to embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 23126-23133. (Pubitemid 26314748)
71. Li, O.; Vasudevan, D.; Davey, C. A.; Droge, P. High-level expression of DNA architectural factor hmga2 and its association with nucleosomes in human embryonic stem cells. Genesis 2006, 44, 523-529. (Pubitemid 44846647)
72. Monzen, K.; Ito, Y.; Naito, A. T.; Kasai, H.; Hiroi, Y.; Hayashi, D.; Shiojima, I.; Yamazaki, T.; Miyazono, K.; Asashima, M.; et al. A crucial role of a high mobility group protein hmga2 in cardiogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008, 10, 567-574. (Pubitemid 351627376)
73. Nishino, J.; Kim, I.; Chada, K.; Morrison, S. J. Hmga2 promotes neural stem cell self-renewal in young but not old mice by reducing p16ink4a and p19arf expression. Cell 2008, 135, 227-239.
74. Pfannkuche, K.; Summer, H.; Li, O.; Hescheler, J.; Droge, P. The high mobility group protein hmga2: A co-regulator of chromatin structure and pluripotency in stem cells? Stem Cell Rev. 2009, 5, 224-230.
75. Kalivas, P. W.; Duffy, P.; Mackler, S. A. Interrupted expression of nac-1 augments the behavioral responses to cocaine. Synapse 1999, 33, 153-159. (Pubitemid 29319292)
76. Kim, J.; Chu, J.; Shen, X.; Wang, J.; Orkin, S. H. An extended transcriptional network for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Cell 2008, 132, 1049-1061. (Pubitemid 351381745)
77. Mackler, S. A.; Korutla, L.; Cha, X. Y.; Koebbe, M. J.; Fournier, K. M.; Bowers, M. S.; Kalivas, P. W. Nac-1 is a brain poz/btb protein that can prevent cocaine-induced sensitization in the rat. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20, 6210-6217. (Pubitemid 30658414)
78. Lan, Z. J.; Xu, X.; Chung, A. C.; Cooney, A. J. Extra-germ cell expression of mouse nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group a, member 1 (nr6a1). Biol. Reprod. 2009, 80, 905-912.
79. Lei, W.; Hirose, T.; Zhang, L. X.; Adachi, H.; Spinella, M. J.; Dmitrovsky, E.; Jetten, A. M. Cloning of the human orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor/retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor and its differential regulation during embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 1997, 18, 167-176. (Pubitemid 27209962)
80. Heim, M. H. The jak-stat pathway: Cytokine signalling from the receptor to the nucleus. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 1999, 19, 75-120. (Pubitemid 29152176)
81. Takada, I.; Mihara, M.; Suzawa, M.; Ohtake, F.; Kobayashi, S.; Igarashi, M.; Youn, M. Y.; Takeyama, K.; Nakamura, T.; Mezaki, Y.; et al. A histone lysine methyltransferase activated by non-canonical wnt signalling suppresses ppar-gamma transactivation. Nat. Cell Biol. 2007, 9, 1273-1285. (Pubitemid 350042359)
82. Schilham, M. W.; Clevers, H. Hmg box containing transcription factors in lymphocyte differentiation. Semin. Immunol. 1998, 10, 127-132. (Pubitemid 28339782)
83. Kohlhase, J.; Pasche, B.; Burfeind, P.; Wischermann, A.; Reichenbach, H.; Froster, U.; Engel, W. Mutations in the sall1 putative transcription factor gene cause townes-brocks syndrome. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 1998, 6, 33-33.
84. Zhang, J.; Tam, W. L.; Tong, G. Q.; Wu, Q.; Chan, H. Y.; Soh, B. S.; Lou, Y.; Yang, J.; Ma, Y.; Chai, L.; et al. Sall4 modulates embryonic stem cell pluripotency and early embryonic development by the transcriptional regulation of pou5f1. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8, 1114-1123. (Pubitemid 44473607)
85. Tokuzawa, Y.; Kaiho, E.; Maruyama, M.; Takahashi, K.; Mitsui, K.; Maeda, M.; Niwa, H.; Yamanaka, S. Fbx15 is a novel target of oct3/4 but is dispensable for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and mouse development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23, 2699-2708. (Pubitemid 36403071)
86. Wong, R. C. B.; Ibrahim, A.; Fong, H.; Thompson, N.; Lock, L. F.; Donovan, P. J. L1td1 is a marker for undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2011, 6, e19355.
87. Pierre, A.; Gautier, M.; Callebaut, I.; Bontoux, M.; Jeanpierre, E.; Pontarotti, P.; Monget, P. Atypical structure and phylogenomic evolution of the new eutherian oocyte-and embryoexpressed khdc1/dppa5/ecat1/ooep gene family. Genomics 2007, 90, 583-594. (Pubitemid 350019542)
88. Levine, A. J.; Brivanlou, A. H. Gdf3, a bmp inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos. Development 2006, 133, 209-216. (Pubitemid 43210710)
89. Tanaka, T. S.; de Silanes, I. L.; Sharova, L. V.; Akutsu, H.; Yoshikawa, T.; Amano, H.; Yamanaka, S.; Gorospe, M.; Ko, M. S. H. Esg1, expressed exclusively in preimplantation embryos, germline, and embryonic stem cells, is a putative rna-binding protein with broad rna targets. Dev. Growth Differ. 2006, 48, 381-390. (Pubitemid 44035796)
90. Western, P.; Maldonado-Saldivia, J.; Van den Bergen, J.; Hajkova, P.; Saitou, M.; Barton, S.; Surani, M. A. Analysis of esg1 expression in pluripotent cells and the germline reveals similarities with oct4 and sox2 and differences between human pluripotent cell lines. Stem Cells 2005, 23, 1436-1442. (Pubitemid 41740991)
91. Masaki, H.; Nishida, T.; Kitajima, S.; Asahina, K.; Teraoka, H. Developmental pluripotency-associated 4 (dppa4) localized in active chromatin inhibits mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into a primitive ectoderm lineage. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 33034-33042. (Pubitemid 350159305)
92. Du, J.; Chen, T. J.; Zou, X.; Xiong, B.; Lu, G. X. Dppa2 knockdown-induced differentiation and repressed proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J. Biochem. 2010, 147, 265-271.
93. Maldonado-Saldivia, J.; Van den Bergen, J.; Krouskos, M.; Gilchrist, M.; Lee, C.; Li, R.; Sinclair, A. H.; Surani, M. A.; Western, P. S. Dppa2 and dppa4 are closely linked sap motif genes restricted to pluripotent cells and the germ line. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 19-28. (Pubitemid 46052971)
94. Bortvin, A.; Goodheart, M.; Liao, M.; Page, D. C. Dppa3/pgc7/stella is a maternal factor and is not required for germ cell specification in mice. BMC Dev. Biol. 2004, 4, 2.
95. Bowles, J.; Teasdale, R. P.; James, K.; Koopman, P. Dppa3 is a marker of pluripotency and has a human homologue that is expressed in germ cell tumours. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2003, 101, 261-265. (Pubitemid 38064905)
96. Takahashi, K.; Yamanaka, S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006, 126, 663-676. (Pubitemid 44233629)
97. Okita, K.; Ichisaka, T.; Yamanaka, S. Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2007, 448, 313-317. (Pubitemid 47080336)
98. Nakagawa, M.; Koyanagi, M.; Tanabe, K.; Takahashi, K.; Ichisaka, T.; Aoi, T.; Okita, K.; Mochiduki, Y.; Takizawa, N.; Yamanaka, S. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells without myc from mouse and human fibroblasts. Nat. Biotechnol. 2008, 26, 101-106.
99. Wernig, M.; Meissner, A.; Cassady, J. P.; Jaenisch, R. C-myc is dispensable for direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 2, 10-12.
100. Kim, J. B.; Zaehres, H.; Wu, G. M.; Gentile, L.; Ko, K.; Sebastiano, V.; Arauzo-Bravo, M. J.; Ruau, D.; Han, D. W.; Zenke, M.; et al. Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors. Nature 2008, 454, 646-650.
101. Kim, J. B.; Sebastiano, V.; Wu, G. M.; Arauzo-Bravo, M. J.; Sasse, P.; Gentile, L.; Ko, K.; Ruau, D.; Ehrich, M.; van den Boom, D.; et al. Oct4-induced pluripotency in adult neural stem cells. Cell 2009, 136, 411-419.
102. Kim, J. B.; Greber, B.; Arauzo-Bravo, M. J.; Meyer, J.; Park, K. I.; Zaehres, H.; Scholer, H. R. Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by oct4. Nature 2009, 461, 649-653.
103. Pan, G. J.; Chang, Z. Y.; Scholer, H. R.; Pei, D. Q. Stem cell pluripotency and transcription factor oct4. Cell Res. 2002, 12, 321-329. (Pubitemid 135708344)
104. Schoorlemmer, J.; Kruijer, W. Octamer-dependent regulation of the kfgf gene in embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem-cells. Mech. Dev. 1991, 36, 75-86.
105. Yu, J.; Vodyanik, M. A.; Smuga-Otto, K.; Antosiewicz-Bourget, J.; Frane, J. L.; Tian, S.; Nie, J.; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Ruotti, V.; Stewart, R.; et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 2007, 318, 1917-1920.
106. Ghaleb, A. M.; Nandan, M. O.; Chanchevalap, S.; Dalton, W. B.; Hisamuddin, I. M.; Yang, V. W. Kruppel-like factors 4 and 5: The yin and yang regulators of cellular proliferation. Cell Res. 2005, 15, 92-96. (Pubitemid 41653948)
107. Parisi, S.; Passaro, F.; Aloia, L.; Manabe, I.; Nagai, R.; Pastore, L.; Russo, T. Klf5 is involved in self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. J. Cell Sci. 2008, 121, 2629-2634.
108. Masui, S.; Ohtsuka, S.; Yagi, R.; Takahashi, K.; Ko, M. S. H.; Niwa, H. Rex1/zfp42 is dispensable for pluripotency in mouse es cells. BMC Dev. Biol. 2008, 8, 45.
109. Scotland, K. B.; Chen, S. M.; Sylvester, R.; Gudas, L. J. Analysis of rex1 (zfp42) function in embryonic stem cell differentiation. Dev. Dyn. 2009, 238, 1863-1877.
110. Nishimoto, M.; Fukushima, A.; Okuda, A.; Muramatsu, M. The gene for the embryonic stem cell coactivator utf1 carries a regulatory element which selectively interacts with a complex composed of oct-3/4 and sox-2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19, 5453-5465. (Pubitemid 29339903)
111. Rossant, J. Stem cells from the mammalian blastocyst. Stem Cells 2001, 19, 477-482. (Pubitemid 33095842)
112. Boiani, M.; Eckardt, S.; Scholer, H. R.; McLaughlin, K. J. Oct4 distribution and level in mouse clones: Consequences for pluripotency. Genes Dev. 2002, 16, 1209-1219. (Pubitemid 34553102)
113. Zhao, Y.; Yin, X.; Qin, H.; Zhu, F.; Liu, H.; Yang, W.; Zhang, Q.; Xiang, C.; Hou, P.; Song, Z. et al. Two supporting factors greatly improve the efficiency of human ipsc generation. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 3, 475-479.
114. Okuda, A.; Fukushima, A.; Nishimoto, M.; Orimo, A.; Yamagishi, T.; Nabeshima, Y.; Kuro-o, M.; Nabeshima, Y.; Boon, K.; Keaveney, M.; et al. Utf1, a novel transcriptional coactivator expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and extra-embryonic cells. EMBO J. 1998, 17, 2019-2032. (Pubitemid 28154531)
115. Schneider-Gadicke, A.; Beer-Romero, P.; Brown, L. G.; Mardon, G.; Luoh, S. W.; Page, D. C. Putative transcription activator with alternative isoforms encoded by human zfx gene. Nature 1989, 342, 708-711. (Pubitemid 20001592)
116. Arenzana, T. L.; Smith-Raska, M. R.; Reizis, B. Transcription factor zfx controls bcr-induced proliferation and survival of b lymphocytes. Blood 2009, 113, 5857-5867.
117. Tompers, D. M.; Foreman, R. K.; Wang, Q. H.; Kumanova, M.; Labosky, P. A. Foxd3 is required in the trophoblast progenitor cell lineage of the mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 2005, 285, 126-137. (Pubitemid 41242820)
118. Teng, L.; Mundell, N. A.; Frist, A. Y.; Wang, Q. H.; Labosky, P. A. Requirement for foxd3 in the maintenance of neural crest progenitors. Development 2008, 135, 1615-1624. (Pubitemid 351895491)
119. Cleynen, I.; Van de Ven, W. J. The hmga proteins: A myriad of functions (review). Int. J. Oncol. 2008, 32, 289-305. (Pubitemid 351188295)
120. Fusco, A.; Fedele, M. Roles of hmga proteins in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2007, 7, 899-910. (Pubitemid 350165857)
121. Rawlinson, N. J.; West, W. W.; Nelson, M.; Bridge, J. A. Aggressive angiomyxoma with t (12;21) and hmga2 rearrangement: Report of a case and review of the literature. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 2008, 181, 119-124. (Pubitemid 351273418)
122. Wei, J. J.; Wu, J.; Luan, C.; Yeldandi, A.; Lee, P.; Keh, P.; Liu, J. Hmga2: A potential biomarker complement to p53 for detection of early-stage high-grade papillary serous carcinoma in fallopian tubes. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2010, 34, 18-26.
123. Mahajan, A.; Liu, Z.; Gellert, L.; Zou, X.; Yang, G.; Lee, P.; Yang, X.; Wei, J. J. Hmga2: A biomarker significantly overexpressed in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. Mod. Pathol. 2010, 23, 673-681.
124. Korutla, L.; Wang, P. J.; Mackler, S. A. The poz/btb protein nac1 interacts with two different histone deacetylases in neuronal-like cultures. J. Neurochem. 2005, 94, 786-793. (Pubitemid 41098510)
125. Korutla, L.; Wang, P.; Jackson, T. G.; Mackler, S. A. Nac1, a poz/btb protein that functions as a corepressor. Neurochem. Int. 2009, 54, 245-252.
126. Ishibashi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Yeasmin, S.; Katagiri, A.; Iida, K.; Nakayama, N.; Fukumoto, M.; Miyazaki, K. A btb/poz gene, nac-1, a tumor recurrence-associated gene, as a potential target for taxol resistance in ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 3149-3155.
127. Yeasmin, S.; Nakayama, K.; Ishibashi, M.; Katagiri, A.; Iida, K.; Purwana, I. N.; Nakayama, N.; Miyazaki, K. Expression of the bric-a-brac tramtrack broad complex protein nac-1 in cervical carcinomas seems to correlate with poorer prognosis. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 1686-1691. (Pubitemid 351469452)
128. Jinawath, N.; Vasoontara, C.; Yap, K. L.; Thiaville, M. M.; Nakayama, K.; Wang, T. L.; Shih, I. M. Nac-1, a potential stem cell pluripotency factor, contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer through inactivating gadd45 pathway. Oncogene 2009, 28, 1941-1948.
129. Chung, A. C.; Cooney, A. J. Germ cell nuclear factor. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2001, 33, 1141-1146. (Pubitemid 32972198)
130. Chung, A. C.; Katz, D.; Pereira, F. A.; Jackson, K. J.; DeMayo, F. J.; Cooney, A. J.; O'Malley, B. W. Loss of orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor function results in ectopic development of the tail bud and a novel posterior truncation. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001, 21, 663-677. (Pubitemid 32037384)
131. Akamatsu, W.; DeVeale, B.; Okano, H.; Cooney, A. J.; van der Kooy, D. Suppression of oct4 by germ cell nuclear factor restricts pluripotency and promotes neural stem cell development in the early neural lineage. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29, 2113-2124.
132. Hummelke, G. C.; Cooney, A. J. Reciprocal regulation of the mouse protamine genes by the orphan nuclear receptor germ cell nuclear factor and cremtau. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2004, 68, 394-407. (Pubitemid 39090408)
133. Lan, Z. J.; Chung, A. C.; Xu, X.; DeMayo, F. J.; Cooney, A. J. The embryonic function of germ cell nuclear factor is dependent on the DNA binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 50660-50667. (Pubitemid 36042227)
134. Takeda, K.; Noguchi, K.; Shi, W.; Tanaka, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Yoshida, N.; Kishimoto, T.; Akira, S. Targeted disruption of the mouse stat3 gene leads to early embryonic lethality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 3801-3804. (Pubitemid 27180453)
135. Niwa, H.; Ogawa, K.; Shimosato, D.; Adachi, K. A parallel circuit of lif signalling pathways maintains pluripotency of mouse es cells. Nature 2009, 460, 118-122.
136. Burdon, T.; Smith, A.; Savatier, P. Signalling, cell cycle and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Trends Cell Biol. 2002, 12, 432-438. (Pubitemid 35239952)
137. Matsuda, T.; Nakamura, T.; Nakao, K.; Arai, T.; Katsuki, M.; Heike, T.; Yokota, T. Stat3 activation is sufficient to maintain an undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells. EMBO J. 1999, 18, 4261-4269. (Pubitemid 29364128)
138. Catlett-Falcone, R.; Landowski, T. H.; Oshiro, M. M.; Turkson, J.; Levitzki, A.; Savino, R.; Ciliberto, G.; Moscinski, L.; Fernandez-Luna, J. L.; Nunez, G.; et al. Constitutive activation of stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human u266 myeloma cells. Immunity 1999, 10, 105-115. (Pubitemid 29077388)
139. Garcia, R.; Jove, R. Activation of stat transcription factors in oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling. J. Biomed. Sci. 1998, 5, 79-85. (Pubitemid 28253097)
140. Bromberg, J. F.; Wrzeszczynska, M. H.; Devgan, G.; Zhao, Y.; Pestell, R. G.; Albanese, C.; Darnell, J. E., Jr. Stat3 as an oncogene. Cell 1999, 98, 295-303. (Pubitemid 29380565)
141. Darnell, J. E., Jr.; Kerr, I. M.; Stark, G. R. Jak-stat pathways and
142. Ihle, J. N. Cytokine receptor signalling. Nature 1995, 377, 591-594.
143. Wen, Z.; Zhong, Z.; Darnell, J. E., Jr. Maximal activation of transcription by stat1 and stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Cell 1995, 82, 241-250.
144. Yokogami, K.; Wakisaka, S.; Avruch, J.; Reeves, S. A. Serine phosphorylation and maximal activation of stat3 during cntf signaling is mediated by the rapamycin target mtor. Curr. Biol. 2000, 10, 47-50. (Pubitemid 30057415)
145. Biethahn, S.; Alves, F.; Wilde, S.; Hiddemann, W.; Spiekermann, K. Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-associated signal transduction proteins of the jak/stat pathway in normal granulopoiesis and in blast cells of acute myelogenous leukemia. Exp. Hematol. 1999, 27, 885-894. (Pubitemid 29231027)
146. Waterman, M. L. Lymphoid enhancer factor/t cell factor expression in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2004, 23, 41-52. (Pubitemid 38228369)
147. Schilham, M. W.; Wilson, A.; Moerer, P.; Benaissa-Trouw, B. J.; Cumano, A.; Clevers, H. C. Critical involvement of tcf-1 in expansion of thymocytes. J. Immunol. 1998, 161, 3984-3991.
148. Reya, T.; Clevers, H. Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer. Nature 2005, 434, 843-850. (Pubitemid 40558990)
149. Nguyen, H.; Rendl, M.; Fuchs, E. Tcf3 governs stem cell features and represses cell fate determination in skin. Cell 2006, 127, 171-183. (Pubitemid 44466637)
150. Cole, M. F.; Johnstone, S. E.; Newman, J. J.; Kagey, M. H.; Young, R. A. Tcf3 is an integral component of the core regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev. 2008, 22, 746-755. (Pubitemid 351439106)
151. Kohlhase, J.; Wischermann, A.; Reichenbach, H.; Froster, U.; Engel, W. Mutations in the sall1 putative transcription factor gene cause townes-brocks syndrome. Nat. Genet. 1998, 18, 81-83. (Pubitemid 28027886)
152. Yuri, S.; Fujimura, S.; Nimura, K.; Takeda, N.; Toyooka, Y.; Fujimura, Y.; Aburatani, H.; Ura, K.; Koseki, H.; Niwa, H.; et al. Sall4 is essential for stabilization, but not for pluripotency, of embryonic stem cells by repressing aberrant trophectoderm gene expression. Stem Cells 2009, 27, 796-805.
153. Rao, S.; Zhen, S.; Roumiantsev, S.; McDonald, L. T.; Yuan, G. C.; Orkin, S. H. Differential roles of sall4 isoforms in embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2010, 30, 5364-5380.
154. Yang, J.; Gao, C.; Chai, L.; Ma, Y. A novel sall4/oct4 transcriptional feedback network for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2010, 5, e10766.
155. Takahashi, K.; Mitsui, K.; Yamanaka, S. Role of eras in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 2003, 423, 541-545. (Pubitemid 36648578)
156. Niwa, H.; Burdon, T.; Chambers, I.; Smith, A. Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of stat3. Genes Dev. 1998, 12, 2048-2060. (Pubitemid 28323878)
157. Ying, Q. L.; Nichols, J.; Chambers, I.; Smith, A. Bmp induction of id proteins suppresses differentiation and sustains embryonic stem cell self-renewal in collaboration with stat3. Cell 2003, 115, 281-292. (Pubitemid 37487702)
158. Sato, N.; Meijer, L.; Skaltsounis, L.; Greengard, P.; Brivanlou, A. H. Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of wnt signaling by a pharmacological gsk-3-specific inhibitor. Nat. Med. 2004, 10, 55-63. (Pubitemid 38524699)
159. Boiani, M.; Scholer, H. R. Regulatory networks in embryo-derived pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2005, 6, 872-884. (Pubitemid 41568736)
160. Chambers, I.; Smith, A. Self-renewal of teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Oncogene 2004, 23, 7150-7160. (Pubitemid 39382149)
161. Niwa, H.; Burdon, T.; Chambers, I.; Smith, A. Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of stat3. Genes Dev. 1998, 12, 2048-2060. (Pubitemid 28323878)
162. Daheron, L.; Opitz, S. L.; Zaehres, H.; Lensch, W. M.; Andrews, P. W.; Itskovitz-Eldor, J.; Daley, G. Q. Lif/stat3 signaling fails to maintain self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 3273-3273.
163. Daheron, L.; Opitz, S. L.; Zaehres, H.; Lensch, W. M.; Andrews, P. W.; Itskovitz-Eldor, J.; Daley, G. Q. Lif/stat3 signaling fails to maintain self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2004, 22, 770-778. (Pubitemid 39166934)
164. Humphrey, R. K.; Beattie, G. M.; Lopez, A. D.; Bucay, N.; King, C. C.; Firpo, M. T.; Rose-John, S.; Hayek, A. Maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells is stat3 independent. Stem Cells 2004, 22, 522-530. (Pubitemid 39014568)
165. Robertson, E. J.; Brennan, J.; Lu, C.; Trembley, K. D.; Bikoff, E. K.; Norris, D. P. Tgf beta signaling pathways controlling polarity of the early mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 2000, 222, 223-223.
166. Massague, J.; Chen, Y. G. Controlling tgf-beta signaling. Genes Dev. 2000, 14, 627-644.
167. Mishra, L.; Derynck, R.; Mishra, B. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in stem cells and cancer. Science 2005, 310, 68-71. (Pubitemid 41434534)
168. Watabe, T.; Miyazono, K. Roles of tgf-beta family signaling in stem cell renewal and differentiation. Cell Res. 2009, 19, 103-115.
169. Gerami-Naini, B.; Dovzhenko, O. V.; Durning, M.; Wegner, F. H.; Thomson, J. A.; Golos, T. G. Trophoblast differentiation in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells. Endocrinology 2004, 145, 1517-1524. (Pubitemid 38402355)
170. Xu, R. H.; Chen, X.; Li, D. S.; Li, R.; Addicks, G. C.; Glennon, C.; Zwaka, T. P.; Thomson, J. A. Bmp4 initiates human embryonic stem cell differentiation to trophoblast. Nat. Biotechnol. 2002, 20, 1261-1264. (Pubitemid 35462493)
171. Datto, M.; Wang, X. F. The smads: Transcriptional regulation and mouse models. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2000, 11, 37-48. (Pubitemid 30169724)
172. Feng, X. H.; Derynck, R. Specificity and versatility in tgf-beta signaling through smads. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2005, 21, 659-693. (Pubitemid 41740650)
173. Massague, J.; Seoane, J.; Wotton, D. Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev. 2005, 19, 2783-2810. (Pubitemid 41739965)
174. Ten Dijke, P.; Hill, C. S. New insights into tgf-beta-smad signalling. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2004, 29, 265-273.
175. Clevers, H. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell 2006, 127, 469-480.
176. Abu-Remaileh, M.; Gerson, A.; Farago, M.; Nathan, G.; Alkalay, I.; Rousso, S. Z.; Gur, M.; Fainsod, A.; Bergman, Y. Oct-3/4 regulates stem cell identity and cell fate decisions by modulating wnt/beta-catenin signalling. EMBO J. 2010, 29, 3236-3248.
177. Miyabayashi, T.; Teo, J. L.; Yamamoto, M.; McMillan, M.; Nguyen, C.; Kahn, M. Wnt/beta-catenin/cbp signaling maintains long-term murine embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 5668-5673. (Pubitemid 47175738)
178. Takao, Y.; Yokota, T.; Koide, H. Beta-catenin up-regulates nanog expression through interaction with oct-3/4 in embryonic stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007, 353, 699-705. (Pubitemid 46048726)
179. Vallier, L.; Alexander, M.; Pedersen, R. A. Activin/nodal and fgf pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. J. Cell Sci. 2005, 118, 4495-4509. (Pubitemid 41556347)
180. Ogawa, K.; Saito, A.; Matsui, H.; Suzuki, H.; Ohtsuka, S.; Shimosato, D.; Morishita, Y.; Watabe, T.; Niwa, H.; Miyazono, K. Activin-nodal signaling is involved in propagation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J. Cell Sci. 2007, 120, 55-65. (Pubitemid 46206649)
181. Albelda, S. M.; Buck, C. A. Integrins and other cell-adhesion molecules. FASEB J. 1990, 4, 2868-2880.
182. Adi, M. M.; Chisholm, D. M.; Waterhouse, J. P. Histochemical-study of lectin-binding in the human fetal minor salivary-glands. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 1995, 24, 130-135.
183. Chapman, S. A.; Bonshek, R. E.; Stoddart, R. W.; Jones, C. J. P.; Mackenzie, K. R.; Odonaghue, E.; McLeod, D. Glycoconjugates of the human trabecular meshwork-A lectin histochemical-study. Histochem. J. 1995, 27, 869-881.
184. Fang, Y. Q.; Welsch, U. A histochemical-study of the distribution of lectin-binding sites in the developing oocytes of the lancelet branchiostoma-belcheri. Cell Tissue Res. 1995, 280, 427-434.
185. Takagi, Y.; Talbot, N. C.; Rexroad, C. E.; Pursel, V. G. Identification of pig primordial germ cells by immunocytochemistry and lectin binding. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1997, 46, 567-580. (Pubitemid 27149091)
186. Mandai, M.; Ikeda, H.; Jin, Z. B.; Iseki, K.; Ishigami, C.; Takahashi, M. Use of lectins to enrich mouse es-derived retinal progenitor cells for the purpose of transplantation therapy. Cell Transpl. 2010, 19, 9-19.
187. Venable, A.; Mitalipova, M.; Lyons, I.; Jones, K.; Shin, S. J.; Pierce, M.; Stice, S. Lectin binding profiles of ssea-4 enriched, pluripotent human embryonic stem cell surfaces. BMC Dev. Biol. 2005, 5, 15.
188. Wearne, K. A.; Winter, H. C.; O'Shea, K.; Goldstein, I. J. Use of lectins for probing differentiated human embryonic stem cells for carbohydrates. Glycobiology 2006, 16, 981-990. (Pubitemid 44390939)
189. Derda, R.; Musah, S.; Orner, B. P.; Klim, J. R.; Li, L. Y.; Kiessling, L. L. High-throughput discovery of synthetic surfaces that support proliferation of pluripotent cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1289-1295.
190. Smith, G. P. Filamentous fusion phage: Novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science 1985, 228, 1315-1317. (Pubitemid 15000355)
191. Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, W. X.; Ma, L. Novel peptide ligands that bind specifically to mouse embryonic stem cells. Peptides 2010, 31, 2027-2034.
192. Lu, S.; Xu, X.; Zhao, W. X.; Wu, W. W.; Yuan, H.; Shen, H. B.; Zhou, C. H.; Li, S.; Ma, L. Targeting of embryonic stem cells by peptide-conjugated quantum dots. PLoS One 2010, 5, e12075.
193. Hombach-Klonisch, S.; Panigrahi, S.; Rashedi, I.; Seifert, A.; Alberti, E.; Pocar, P.; Kurpisz, M.; Schulze-Osthoff, K.; Mackiewicz, A.; Los, M. Adult stem cells and their trans-differentiation potential-perspectives and therapeutic applications. J. Mol. Med. 2008, 86, 1301-1314.
194. Field, M.; Alvarez, A.; Bushnev, S.; Sugaya, K. Embryonic stem cell markers distinguishing cancer stem cells from normal human neuronal stem cell populations in malignant glioma patients. Clin. Neurosurg. 2010, 57, 151-159.
195. Visvader, J. E.; Lindeman, G. J. Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: Accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2008, 8, 755-768.
196. Friedman, G. K.; Gillespie, G. Y. Cancer stem cells and pediatric solid tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2011, 3, 298-318.
197. Anderson, E. C.; Hessman, C.; Levin, T. G.; Monroe, M. M.; Wong, M. H. The role of colorectal cancer stem cells in metastatic disease and therapeutic response. Cancers (Basel) 2011, 3, 319-339.
198. Mitra, M.; Kandalam, M.; Harilal, A.; Verma, R. S.; Krishnan, U. M.; Swaminathan, S.; Krishnakumar, S. Epcam is a putative stem marker in retinoblastoma and an effective target for t-cell-mediated immunotherapy. Mol. Vis. 2012, 18, 290-308.
199. Galizia, G.; Gemei, M.; Del Vecchio, L.; Zamboli, A.; Di Noto, R.; Mirabelli, P.; Salvatore, F.; Castellano, P.; Orditura, M.; De Vita, F.; et al. Combined cd133/cd44 expression as a prognostic indicator of disease-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Arch. Surg. 2012, 147, 18-24.
200. Piscuoglio, S.; Lehmann, F. S.; Zlobec, I.; Tornillo, L.; Dietmaier, W.; Hartmann, A.; Wunsch, P. H.; Sessa, F.; Rummele, P.; Baumhoer, D.; et al. Effect of epcam, cd44, cd133 and cd166 expression on patient survival in tumours of the ampulla of vater. J. Clin. Pathol. 2012, 65, 140-145.
201. Mao, X. G.; Zhang, X.; Xue, X. Y.; Guo, G.; Wang, P.; Zhang, W.; Fei, Z.; Zhen, H. N.; You, S. W.; Yang, H. Brain tumor stem-like cells identified by neural stem cell marker cd15. Transl. Oncol. 2009, 2, 247-257.
202. Chang, W. W.; Lee, C. H.; Lee, P.; Lin, J.; Hsu, C. W.; Hung, J. T.; Lin, J. J.; Yu, J. C.; Shao, L. E.; Yu, J.; et al. Expression of globo h and ssea3 in breast cancer stem cells and the involvement of fucosyl transferases 1 and 2 in globo h synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 11667-11672.
203. Kamijo, T. Role of stemness-related molecules in neuroblastoma. Pediatr. Res. 2012, 71, 511-515.
204. Immervoll, H.; Hoem, D.; Sakariassen, P. O.; Steffensen, O. J.; Molven, A. Expression of the "stem cell marker" cd133 in pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. BMC Cancer 2008, 8, 48.
205. Horst, D.; Scheel, S. K.; Liebmann, S.; Neumann, J.; Maatz, S.; Kirchner, T.; Jung, A. The cancer stem cell marker cd133 has high prognostic impact but unknown functional relevance for the metastasis of human colon cancer. J. Pathol. 2009, 219, 427-434.
206. Hosen, N.; Park, C. Y.; Tatsumi, N.; Oji, Y.; Sugiyama, H.; Gramatzki, M.; Krensky, A. M.; Weissman, I. L. Cd96 is a leukemic stem cell-specific marker in human acute myeloid leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 11008-11013. (Pubitemid 47175217)
207. Yang, Z. F.; Ho, D. W.; Ng, M. N.; Lau, C. K.; Yu, W. C.; Ngai, P.; Chu, P. W. K.; Lam, C. T.; Poon, R. T. P.; Fan, S. T. Significance of cd90 (+) cancer stem cells in human liver cancer. Cancer Cell 2008, 13, 153-166. (Pubitemid 351163165)
208. Patriarca, C.; Macchi, R. M.; Marschner, A. K.; Mellstedt, H. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression (cd326) in cancer: A short review. Cancer Treat. Rev. 2012, 38, 68-75.
209. Kohmo, S.; Kijima, T.; Otani, Y.; Mori, M.; Minami, T.; Takahashi, R.; Nagatomo, I.; Takeda, Y.; Kida, H.; Goya, S.; et al. Cell surface tetraspanin cd9 mediates chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2010, 70, 8025-8035.
210. Setoguchi, T.; Kikuchi, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Baba, M.; Ohta, M.; Kamiya, K.; Tanaka, T.; Baba, S.; Goto-Inoue, N.; Setou, M.; et al. Microarray analysis identifies versican and cd9 as potent prognostic markers in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Sci. 2011, 102, 883-889.
211. Yamazaki, H.; Xu, C. W.; Naito, M.; Nishida, H.; Okamoto, T.; Ghani, F. I.; Iwata, S.; Inukai, T.; Sugita, K.; Morimoto, C. Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by cd9 in human b-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2011, 409, 14-21.
212. Ikeda, J.; Morii, E.; Liu, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Nakamichi, N.; Jokoji, R.; Miyoshi, Y.; Noguchi, S.; Aozasa, K. Prognostic significance of cd55 expression in breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 4780-4786.
213. Zhao, W. P.; Zhu, B.; Duan, Y. Z.; Chen, Z. T. Neutralization of complement regulatory proteins cd55 and cd59 augments therapeutic effect of herceptin against lung carcinoma cells. Oncol. Rep. 2009, 21, 1405-1411.
214. Li, B.; Chu, X.; Gao, M.; Xu, Y. The effects of cd59 gene as a target gene on breast cancer cells. Cell. Immunol. 2011, 272, 61-70.
215. Cui, W.; Zhao, Y.; Shan, C.; Kong, G.; Hu, N.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, X.; Ye, L. Hbxip upregulates cd46, cd55 and cd59 through erk1/2/nf-kappab signaling to protect breast cancer cells from complement attack. FEBS Lett. 2012, 586, 766-771.
216. Ehira, N.; Oshiumi, H.; Matsumoto, M.; Kondo, T.; Asaka, M.; Seya, T. An embryo-specific expressing tgf-beta family protein, growth-differentiation factor 3(gdf3), augments progression of b16 melanoma. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2010, 29, 135.
217. Ponti, D.; Costa, A.; Zaffaroni, N.; Pratesi, G.; Petrangolini, G.; Coradini, D.; Pilotti, S.; Pierotti, M. A.; Daidone, M. G. Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res. 2005, 65, 5506-5511. (Pubitemid 40911148)
218. Ouhtit, A.; Abd Elmageed, Z. Y.; Abdraboh, M. E.; Lioe, T. F.; Raj, M. H. In vivo evidence for the role of cd44s in promoting breast cancer metastasis to the liver. Am. J. Pathol. 2007, 171, 2033-2039.
219. Patrawala, L.; Calhoun, T.; Schneider-Broussard, R.; Li, H.; Bhatia, B.; Tang, S.; Reilly, J. G.; Chandra, D.; Zhou, J.; Claypool, K.; et al. Highly purified cd44 (+) prostate cancer cells from xenograft human tumors are enriched in tumorigenic and metastatic progenitor cells. Oncogene 2006, 25, 1696-1708.
220. Atlasi, Y.; Mowla, S. J.; Ziaee, S. A.; Bahrami, A. R. Oct-4, an embryonic stem cell marker, is highly expressed in bladder cancer. Int. J. Cancer 2007, 120, 1598-1602. (Pubitemid 46355399)
221. Leis, O.; Eguiara, A.; Lopez-Arribillaga, E.; Alberdi, M. J.; Hernandez-Garcia, S.; Elorriaga, K.; Pandiella, A.; Rezola, R.; Martin, A. G. Sox2 expression in breast tumours and activation in breast cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2012, 31, 1354-1365.
222. Yu, F.; Li, J.; Chen, H.; Fu, J.; Ray, S.; Huang, S.; Zheng, H.; Ai, W. Kruppel-like factor 4 (klf4) is required for maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and for cell migration and invasion. Oncogene 2011, 30, 2161-2172.
223. Lee, M. Y.; Lu, A.; Gudas, L. J. Transcriptional regulation of rex1 (zfp42) in normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 2010, 224, 17-27.
224. Raman, J. D.; Mongan, N. P.; Liu, L.; Tickoo, S. K.; Nanus, D. M.; Scherr, D. S.; Gudas, L. J. Decreased expression of the human stem cell marker, rex-1 (zfp-42), in renal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2006, 27, 499-507. (Pubitemid 43372879)
225. Kristensen, D. M.; Nielsen, J. E.; Skakkebaek, N. E.; Graem, N.; Jacobsen, G. K.; Rajpert-De Meyts, E.; Leffers, H. Presumed pluripotency markers utf-1 and rex-1 are expressed in human adult testes and germ cell neoplasms. Hum. Reprod. 2008, 23, 775-782.
226. Nikpour, P.; Emadi-Baygi, M.; Mohammad-Hashem, F.; Maracy, M. R.; Haghjooy-Javanmard, S. Differential expression of zfx gene in gastric cancer. J. Biosci. 2012, 37, 85-90.
227. Piscuoglio, S.; Zlobec, I.; Pallante, P.; Sepe, R.; Esposito, F.; Zimmermann, A.; Diamantis, I.; Terracciano, L.; Fusco, A.; Karamitopoulou, E. Hmga1 and hmga2 protein expression correlates with advanced tumour grade and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2012, 60, 397-404.
228. Yang, G. L.; Zhang, L. H.; Bo, J. J.; Hou, K. L.; Cai, X.; Chen, Y. Y.; Li, H.; Liu, D. M.; Huang, Y. R. Overexpression of hmga2 in bladder cancer and its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis hmga2 as a prognostic marker of bladder cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011, 37, 265-271.
229. John, T.; Caballero, O. L.; Svobodova, S. J.; Kong, A.; Chua, R.; Browning, J.; Fortunato, S.; Deb, S.; Hsu, M.; Gedye, C. A.; et al. Ecsa/dppa2 is an embryo-cancer antigen that is coexpressed with cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 3291-3298.
230. Niemann, C.; Owens, D. M.; Schettina, P.; Watt, F. M. Dual role of inactivating lef1 mutations in epidermis: Tumor promotion and specification of tumor type. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 2916-2921. (Pubitemid 46724824)
231. Li, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, M.; Melamed, J.; Liu, X.; Reiter, R.; Wei, J.; Peng, Y.; Zou, X.; Pellicer, A.; et al. Lef1 in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Regulation of androgen receptor expression, prostate cancer growth, and invasion. Cancer Res. 2009, 69, 3332-3338.
232. Jiang, F.; Qiu, Q.; Khanna, A.; Todd, N. W.; Deepak, J.; Xing, L. X.; Wang, H. J.; Liu, Z. Q.; Su, Y.; Stass, S. A.; et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a tumor stem cell-associated marker in lung cancer. Mol. Cancer Res. 2009, 7, 330-338.
233. Gotte, M.; Wolf, M.; Staebler, A.; Buchweitz, O.; Kelsch, R.; Schuring, A. N.; Kiesel, L. Increased expression of the adult stem cell marker musashi-1 in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. J. Pathol. 2008, 215, 317-329. (Pubitemid 351956713)
234. von Rahden, B. H. A.; Kircher, S.; Lazariotou, M.; Reiber, C.; Stuermer, L.; Otto, C.; Germer, C. T.; Grimm, M. Lgr5 expression and cancer stem cell hypothesis: Clue to define the true origin of esophageal adenocarcinomas with and without barrett's esophagus? J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2011, 30, 23.
235. Reiter, R. E.; Gu, Z. N.; Watabe, T.; Thomas, G.; Szigeti, K.; Davis, E.; Wahl, M.; Nisitani, S.; Yamashiro, J.; Le Beau, M. M.; et al. Prostate stem cell antigen: A cell surface marker overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 1735-1740. (Pubitemid 28103463)
236. May, R.; Riehl, T. E.; Hunt, C.; Sureban, S. M.; Anant, S.; Houchen, C. W. Identification of a novel putative gastrointestinal stem cell and adenoma stem cell marker, doublecortin and cam kinase-like-1, following radiation injury and in adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia mice. Stem Cells 2008, 26, 630-637.
237. Jan, M.; Chao, M. P.; Cha, A. C.; Alizadeh, A. A.; Gentles, A. J.; Weissman, I. L.; Majeti, R. Prospective separation of normal and leukemic stem cells based on differential expression of tim3, a human acute myeloid leukemia stem cell marker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 5009-5014.
238. Wright, M. H.; Calcagno, A. M.; Salcido, C. D.; Carlson, M. D.; Ambudkar, S. V.; Varticovski, L. Brca1 breast tumors contain distinct cd44+/cd24-and cd133+ cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10, R10.
239. Miki, J.; Furusato, B.; Li, H.; Gu, Y.; Takahashi, H.; Egawa, S.; Sesterhenn, I. A.; McLeod, D. G.; Srivastava, S.; Rhim, J. S. Identification of putative stem cell markers, cd133 and cxcr4, in htert-immortalized primary nonmalignant and malignant tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell lines and in prostate cancer specimens. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 3153-3161. (Pubitemid 46724852)
240. Mao, X. G.; Zhang, X.; Xue, X. Y.; Guo, G.; Wang, P.; Zhang, W.; Fei, Z.; Zhen, H. N.; You, S. W.; Yang, H. Brain tumor stem-like cells identified by neural stem cell marker cd15. Transl. Oncol. 2009, 2, 247-257.
241. Ye, F.; Li, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhou, C.; Chen, H. Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2010, 20, 958-964.
242. Hagiwara, S.; Kudo, M.; Ueshima, K.; Chung, H.; Yamaguchi, M.; Takita, M.; Haji, S.; Kimura, M.; Arao, T.; Nishio, K.; et al. The cancer stem cell marker cd133 is a predictor of the effectiveness of s1+ pegylated interferon alpha-2b therapy against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. 2011, 46, 212-221.
243. Horst, D.; Scheel, S. K.; Liebmann, S.; Neumann, J.; Maatz, S.; Kirchner, T.; Jung, A. The cancer stem cell marker cd133 has high prognostic impact but unknown functional relevance for the metastasis of human colon cancer. J. Pathol. 2009, 219, 427-434.
244. Yang, J. P.; Liu, Y.; Zhong, W.; Yu, D.; Wen, L. J.; Jin, C. S. Chemoresistance of cd133+ cancer stem cells in laryngeal carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. (Engl) 2011, 124, 1055-1060.
245. Zeppernick, F.; Ahmadi, R.; Campos, B.; Dictus, C.; Helmke, B. M.; Becker, N.; Lichter, P.; Unterberg, A.; Radlwimmer, B.; Herold-Mende, C. C. Stem cell marker cd133 affects clinical outcome in glioma patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 123-129. (Pubitemid 351377986)
246. Shackleton, M.; Vaillant, F.; Simpson, K. J.; Stingl, J.; Smyth, G. K.; Asselin-Labat, M. L.; Wu, L.; Lindeman, G. J.; Visvader, J. E. Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell. Nature 2006, 439, 84-88. (Pubitemid 43053633)
247. Patrawala, L.; Calhoun, T.; Schneider-Broussard, R.; Li, H.; Bhatia, B.; Tang, S.; Reilly, J. G.; Chandra, D.; Zhou, J.; Claypool, K.; et al. Highly purified cd44+ prostate cancer cells from xenograft human tumors are enriched in tumorigenic and metastatic progenitor cells. Oncogene 2006, 25, 1696-1708.
248. Yang, Z. F.; Ho, D. W.; Ng, M. N.; Lau, C. K.; Yu, W. C.; Ngai, P.; Chu, P. W.; Lam, C. T.; Poon, R. T.; Fan, S. T. Significance of cd90+ cancer stem cells in human liver cancer. Cancer Cell 2008, 13, 153-166. (Pubitemid 351163165)
249. Yamashita, T.; Budhu, A.; Forgues, M.; Wang, X. W. Activation of hepatic stem cell marker epcam by wnt-beta-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 10831-10839. (Pubitemid 350145912)
250. Chen, Y. C.; Hsu, H. S.; Chen, Y. W.; Tsai, T. H.; How, C. K.; Wang, C. Y.; Hung, S. C.; Chang, Y. L.; Tsai, M. L.; Lee, Y. Y.; et al. Oct-4 expression maintained cancer stem-like properties in lung cancer-derived cd133-positive cells. PLoS One 2008, 3, e2637.
251. Moon, J. S.; Kim, H. E.; Koh, E.; Park, S. H.; Jin, W. J.; Park, B. W.; Park, S. W.; Kim, K. S. Kruppel-like factor 4 (klf4) activates the transcription of the gene for the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (pfkp) in breast cancer. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 23808-23816.
252. Gutierrez, A.; Sanda, T.; Ma, W.; Zhang, J.; Grebliunaite, R.; Dahlberg, S.; Neuberg, D.; Protopopov, A.; Winter, S. S.; Larson, R. S.; et al. Inactivation of lef1 in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2010, 115, 2845-2851.
253. Cao, D.; Li, J.; Guo, C. C.; Allan, R. W.; Humphrey, P. A. Sall4 is a novel diagnostic marker for testicular germ cell tumors. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2009, 33, 1065-1077.
254. Cao, D.; Humphrey, P. A.; Allan, R. W. Sall4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors. Cancer 2009, 115, 2640-2651.
255. Cao, D.; Guo, S.; Allan, R. W.; Molberg, K. H.; Peng, Y. Sall4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker of ovarian primitive germ cell tumors and is particularly useful in distinguishing yolk sac tumor from clear cell carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2009, 33, 894-904.
256. Ezeh, U. I.; Turek, P. J.; Reijo, R. A.; Clark, A. T. Human embryonic stem cell genes oct4, nanog, stellar, and gdf3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005, 104, 2255-2265. (Pubitemid 41579973)
257. Gopalan, A.; Dhall, D.; Olgac, S.; Fine, S. W.; Korkola, J. E.; Houldsworth, J.; Chaganti, R. S.; Bosl, G. J.; Reuter, V. E.; Tickoo, S. K. Testicular mixed germ cell tumors: A morphological and immunohistochemical study using stem cell markers, oct3/4, sox2 and gdf3, with emphasis on morphologically difficult-to-classify areas. Mod. Pathol. 2009, 22, 1066-1074.
258. Catlett-Falcone, R.; Dalton, W. S.; Jove, R. Stat proteins as novel targets for cancer therapy. Signal transducer an activator of transcription. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 1999, 11, 490-496. (Pubitemid 29515894)
259. Tian, F.; DaCosta Byfield, S.; Parks, W. T.; Yoo, S.; Felici, A.; Tang, B.; Piek, E.; Wakefield, L. M.; Roberts, A. B. Reduction in smad2/3 signaling enhances tumorigenesis but suppresses metastasis of breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 8284-8292. (Pubitemid 37549480)